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• C# File IO with Streams - Best Memory Buffer Size

  - by AJ

  Hi, I am writing a small IO library to assist with a larger (hobby) project. A part of this library performs various functions on a file, which is read / written via the FileStream object. On each StreamReader.Read(...) pass, I fire off an event which will be used in the main app to display progress information. The processing that goes on in the loop is vaired, but is not too time consuming (it could just be a simple file copy, for example, or may involve encryption...). My main question is: What is the best memory buffer size to use? Thinking about physical disk layouts, I could pick 2k, which would cover a CD sector size and is a nice multiple of a 512 byte hard disk sector. Higher up the abstraction tree, you could go for a larger buffer which could read an entire FAT cluster at a time. I realise with today's PC's, I could go for a more memory hungry option (a couple of MiB, for example), but then I increase the time between UI updates and the user perceives a less responsive app. As an aside, I'm eventually hoping to provide a similar interface to files hosted on FTP / HTTP servers (over a local network / fastish DSL). What would be the best memory buffer size for those (again, a "best-case" tradeoff between perceived responsiveness vs. performance). Thanks in advance for any ideas, Adam

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• x86 opcode alignment references and guidelines

  - by mrjoltcola

  I'm generating some opcodes dynamically in a JIT compiler and I'm looking for guidelines for opcode alignment. 1) I've read comments that briefly "recommend" alignment by adding nops after calls 2) I've also read about using nop for optimizing sequences for parallelism. 3) I've read that alignment of ops is good for "cache" performance Usually these comments don't give any supporting references. Its one thing to read a blog or a comment that says, "its a good idea to do such and such", but its another to actually write a compiler that implements specific op sequences and realize most material online, especially blogs, are not useful for practical application. So I'm a believer in finding things out myself (disassembly, etc. to see what real world apps do). This is one case where I need some outside info. I notice compilers will usually start an odd byte instruction immediately after whatever previous instruction sequence there was. So the compiler is not taking any special care in most cases. I see "nop" here or there, but usually it seems nop is used sparingly, if at all. How critical is opcode alignment? Can you provide references for cases that I can actually use for implementation? Thanks.

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• How to draw an overlay on a SurfaceView used by Camera on Android?

  - by Cristian Castiblanco

  I have a simple program that draws the preview of the Camera into a SurfaceView. What I'm trying to do is using the onPreviewFrame method, which is invoked each time a new frame is drawn into the SurfaceView, in order to execute the invalidate method which is supposed to invoke the onDraw method. In fact, the onDraw method is being invoked, but nothing there is being printed (I guess the camera preview is overwriting the text I'm trying to draw). This is a simplify version of the SurfaceView subclass I have: public class Superficie extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback { SurfaceHolder mHolder; public Camera camera; Superficie(Context context) { super(context); mHolder = getHolder(); mHolder.addCallback(this); mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); } public void surfaceCreated(final SurfaceHolder holder) { camera = Camera.open(); try { camera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); camera.setPreviewCallback(new PreviewCallback() { public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera arg1) { invalidar(); } }); } catch (IOException e) {} } public void invalidar(){ invalidate(); } public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) { Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters(); parameters.setPreviewSize(w, h); camera.setParameters(parameters); camera.startPreview(); } @Override public void draw(Canvas canvas) { super.draw(canvas); // nothing gets drawn :( Paint p = new Paint(Color.RED); canvas.drawText("PREVIEW", canvas.getWidth() / 2, canvas.getHeight() / 2, p); } }

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• Ascii Bytes Array To Int32 or Double

  - by Michael Covelli

  I'm re-writing alibrary with a mandate to make it totally allocation free. The goal is to have 0 collections after the app's startup phase is done. Previously, there were a lot of calls like this: Int32 foo = Int32.Parse(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, start, length)); Which I believe is allocating a string. I couldn't find a C# library function that would do the same thing automatically. I looked at the BitConverter class, but it looks like that is only if your Int32 is encoded with the actual bytes that represent it. Here, I have an array of bytes representing Ascii characters that represent an Int32. Here's what I did public static Int32 AsciiBytesToInt32(byte[] bytes, int start, int length) { Int32 Temp = 0; Int32 Result = 0; Int32 j = 1; for (int i = start + length - 1; i >= start; i--) { Temp = ((Int32)bytes[i]) - 48; if (Temp < 0 || Temp > 9) { throw new Exception("Bytes In AsciiBytesToInt32 Are Not An Int32"); } Result += Temp * j; j *= 10; } return Result; } Does anyone know of a C# library function that already does this in a more optimal way? Or an improvement to make the above run faster (its going to be called millions of times during the day probably). Thanks!

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• Character encoding issues when generating MD5 hash cross-platform

  - by rogueprocess

  This is a general question about character encoding when using MD5 libraries in various languages. My concern is: suppose I generate an MD5 hash using a native Python string object, like this: message = "hello world" m = md5() m.update(message) Then I take a hex version of that MD5 hash using: m.hexdigest() and send the message & MD5 hash via a network, let's say, a JMS message or a HTTP request. Now I get this message in a Java program in the form of a native Java string, along with the checksum. Then I generate an MD5 hash using Java, like this (using the Commons Codec library): String md5 = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.DigestUtils.md5Hex(s) My feeling is that this is wrong because I have not specified character encodng at either end. So the original hash will be based on the bytes of the Python version of the string; the Java one will be based on the bytes of the Java version of the string , these two byte sequences will often not be the same - is that right? So really I need to specify "UTF-8" or whatever at both ends right? (I am actually getting an intermittent error in my code where the MD5 checksum fails, and I suspect this is the reason - but because it's intermittent, it's difficult to say if changing this fixes it or not. ) Thank you!

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• Use UdpClient with IPv4 and IPv6?

  - by mazzzzz

  A little while ago I created a class to deal with my LAN networking programs. I recently upgraded one of my laptops to windows 7 and relized that windows 7 (or at least the way I have it set up) only supports IPv6, but my desktop is still back in the Windows xp days, and only uses IPv4. The class I created uses the UdpClient class, and is currently setup to only work with IPv4.. Is there a way to modify my code to allow sending and receiving of IPv6 and IPv4 packets?? It would be hard to scrap the classes code, a lot of my programs rely on this class. I would like to keep the class as close to its original state, so I don't need to modify my older programs, only switch out the old class for the updated one. Thanks for any and all help, Max Send: using System.Net.Sockets;UdpClient tub = new UdpClient (); tub.Connect ( new IPEndPoint ( ToIP, ToPort ) ); UdpState s = new UdpState (); s.client = tub; s.endpoint = new IPEndPoint ( ToIP, ToPort ); tub.BeginSend ( data, data.Length, new AsyncCallback ( SendCallBack ),s); private void SendCallBack ( IAsyncResult result ) { UdpClient client = (UdpClient)( (UdpState)( result.AsyncState ) ).client; IPEndPoint endpoint = (IPEndPoint)( (UdpState)( result.AsyncState ) ).endpoint; client.EndSend ( result ); } Receive: UdpClient tub = new UdpClient (ReceivePort); UdpState s = new UdpState (); s.client = tub; s.endpoint = new IPEndPoint ( ReceiveIP, ReceivePort ); s.callback = cb; tub.BeginReceive ( new AsyncCallback ( receivedPacket ), s ); public void receivedPacket (IAsyncResult result) { UdpClient client = (UdpClient)( (UdpState)( result.AsyncState ) ).client; IPEndPoint endpoint = (IPEndPoint)( (UdpState)( result.AsyncState ) ).endpoint; Byte[] receiveBytes = client.EndReceive ( result, ref endpoint ); ReceivedPacket = new Packet ( receiveBytes ); client.Close(); //Do what ever with the packets now }

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• ISO-8859-1 to UTF8 in ASP.NET 2

  - by Gordon Carpenter-Thompson

  We've got a page which posts data to our ASP.NET app in ISO-8859-1 <head> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <title>`Sample Search Invoker`</title> </head> <body> <form name="advancedform" method="post" action="SearchResults.aspx"> <input class="field" name="SearchTextBox" type="text" /> <input class="button" name="search" type="submit" value="Search &gt;" /> </form> and in the code behind (SearchResults.aspx.cs) System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection postedValues = Request.Form; String nextKey; for (int i = 0; i < postedValues.AllKeys.Length; i++) { nextKey = postedValues.AllKeys[i]; if (nextKey.Substring(0, 2) != "__") { // Get basic search text if (nextKey.EndsWith(XAEConstants.CONTROL_SearchTextBox)) { // Get search text value String sSentSearchText = postedValues[i]; System.Text.Encoding iso88591 = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1"); System.Text.Encoding utf8 = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; byte[] abInput = iso88591.GetBytes(sSentSearchText); sSentSearchText = utf8.GetString(System.Text.Encoding.Convert(iso88591, utf8, abInput)); this.SearchText = sSentSearchText.Replace('<', ' ').Replace('>',' '); this.PreviousSearchText.Value = this.SearchText; } } } When we pass through Merkblätter it gets pulled out of postedValues[i] as Merkbl?tter The raw string string is Merkbl%ufffdtter Any ideas?

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• Google App Engine application instance recycling and response times...

  - by Konrad

  Hi, I posted this on GAE for Java group, but I hope to get some answers here quicker :) I decided to do some long-run performance tests on my application. I created some small client hitting app every 5-30 minutes and I run 3-5 of threads with such client. I noticed huge differenced in response times and started to investigate issue. I found reason very quick. I am experiencing same issues as described in following topics: Uneven response time between connection to server to first byte sent Application instances seem to be too aggressively recycled Getting 'Request was aborted after waiting too long to attempt to service your request.' after application idle I am using Springframework, it tkes around 18-20s to start app instance, which is causing response times to take from 1s (when requests hits running app - very rare) to 22s when fresh application is created. Is there any solution for this? I was thinking about creating most basic servlet performing critical tasks (serving API call) and leave UI as is. But then I would loose all benefits of Springframework. Is there any solution for this? After solving (hacking) numerous constrains of App Engine which I hit while developing my app that is the one I think will make me move out of App Engine... that's simply to much to all the time think how to win with GAE problems than how to solve my application problems... Any help? Regards Konrad

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• Binary stream 'NN' does not contain a valid BinaryHeader. Possible causes are invalid stream or obje

  - by FinancialRadDeveloper

  I am passing user defined classes over sockets. The SendObject code is below. It works on my local machine, but when I publish to the WebServer which is then communicating with the App Server on my own machine it fails. public bool SendObject(Object obj, ref string sErrMsg) { try { MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); BinaryFormatter bf1 = new BinaryFormatter(); bf1.Serialize(ms, obj); byte[] byArr = ms.ToArray(); int len = byArr.Length; m_socClient.Send(byArr); return true; } catch (Exception e) { sErrMsg = "SendObject Error: " + e.Message; return false; } } I can do this fine if it is one class in my tools project and the other class about UserData just doesn't want to know. Frustrating! Ohh. I think its because the UserData class has a DataSet inside it. Funnily enough I have seen this work, but then after 1 request it goes loopy and I can't get it to work again. Anyone know why this might be? I have looked at comparing the dlls to make sure they are the same on the WebServer and on my local machine and they look to be so as I have turned on versioning in the AssemblyInfo.cs to double check. Edit: Ok it seems that the problem is with size. If I keep it under 1024 byes ( I am guessing here) it works on the web server and doesnt if it has a DataSet inside it.k In fact this is so puzzling I converted the DataSet to a string using ds.GetXml() and this also causes it to blow up. :( So it seems that across the network something with my sockets is wrong and doesn't want to read in the data. JonSkeet where are you. ha ha. I would offer Rep but I don't have any. Grr

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• Moq and accessing called parameters

  - by lozzar

  I've just started to implement unit tests (using xUnit and Moq) on an already established project of mine. The project extensively uses dependency injection via the unity container. I have two services A and B. Service A is the one being tested in this case. Service A calls B and gives it a delegate to an internal function. This 'callback' is used to notify A when a message has been received that it must handle. Hence A calls (where b is an instance of service B): b.RegisterHandler(Guid id, Action<byte[]> messageHandler); In order to test service A, I need to be able to call messageHandler, as this is the only way it currently accepts messages. Can this be done using Moq? ie. Can I mock service B, such that when RegisterHandler is called, the value of messageHandler is passed out to my test? Or do I need to redesign this? Are there any design patterns I should be using in this case? Does anyone know of any good resources on this kind of design?

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• Getting started with character and text processing (encoding, regular expressions)

  - by TK

  I'd like to learn foundations of encodings, characters and text. Understanding these is important for dealing with a large set of text whether that are log files or text source for building algorithms for collective intelligence. My current knowledge is pretty basic: something like "As long as I use UTF-8, I'm okay." I don't say I need to learn about advanced topics right away. But I need to know: Bit and bytes level knowledge of encodings. Characters and alphabets not used in English. Multi-byte encodings. (I understand some Chinese and Japanese. And parsing them is important.) Regular expressions. Algorithm for text processing. Parsing natural languages. I also need an understanding of mathematics and corpus linguistics. The current and future web (semantic, intelligent, real-time web) needs processing, parsing and analyzing large text. I'm looking for some resources (maybe books?) that get me started with some of the bullets. (I find many helpful discussion on regular expressions here on Stack Overflow. So, you don't need to suggest resources on that topic.)

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• Load Assembly in New AppDomain without loading it in Parent AppDomain

  - by Al Katawazi

  I am attempting to load a dll into a console app and then unload it and delete the file completely. The problem I am having is that the act of loading the dll in its own AppDomain creates a reference in the Parent AppDomain thus not allowing me to destroy the dll file unless I totally shut down the program. Any thoughts on making this code work? string fileLocation = @"C:\Collector.dll"; AppDomain domain = AppDomain.CreateDomain(fileLocation); domain.Load(@"Services.Collector"); AppDomain.Unload(domain); BTW I have also tried this code with no luck either string fileLocation = @"C:\Collector.dll"; byte[] assemblyFileBuffer = File.ReadAllBytes(fileLocation); AppDomainSetup domainSetup = new AppDomainSetup(); domainSetup.ApplicationBase = Environment.CurrentDirectory; domainSetup.ShadowCopyFiles = "true"; domainSetup.CachePath = Environment.CurrentDirectory; AppDomain tempAppDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Services.Collector", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence, domainSetup); //Load up the temp assembly and do stuff Assembly projectAssembly = tempAppDomain.Load(assemblyFileBuffer); //Then I'm trying to clean up AppDomain.Unload(tempAppDomain); tempAppDomain = null; File.Delete(fileLocation);

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• Code for decoding/encoding a modified base64 URL

  - by Kirk Liemohn

  I want to base64 encode data to put it in a URL and then decode it within my HttpHandler. I have found that Base64 Encoding allows for a '/' character which will mess up my UriTemplate matching. Then I found that there is a concept of a "modified Base64 for URL" from wikipedia: A modified Base64 for URL variant exists, where no padding '=' will be used, and the '+' and '/' characters of standard Base64 are respectively replaced by '-' and '_', so that using URL encoders/decoders is no longer necessary and has no impact on the length of the encoded value, leaving the same encoded form intact for use in relational databases, web forms, and object identifiers in general. Using .NET I want to modify my current code from doing basic base64 encoding and decoding to using the "modified base64 for URL" method. Has anyone done this? To decode, I know it starts out with something like: string base64EncodedText = base64UrlEncodedText.Replace('-', '+').Replace('_', '/'); // Append '=' char(s) if necessary - how best to do this? // My normal base64 decoding now uses encodedText But, I need to potentially add one or two '=' chars to the end which looks a little more complex. My encoding logic should be a little simpler: // Perform normal base64 encoding byte[] encodedBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(unencodedText); string base64EncodedText = Convert.ToBase64String(encodedBytes); // Apply URL variant string base64UrlEncodedText = base64EncodedText.Replace("=", String.Empty).Replace('+', '-').Replace('/', '_'); I have seen the Guid to Base64 for URL StackOverflow entry, but that has a known length and therefore they can hardcode the number of equal signs needed at the end.

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• Speed up bitstring/bit operations in Python?

  - by Xavier Ho

  I wrote a prime number generator using Sieve of Eratosthenes and Python 3.1. The code runs correctly and gracefully at 0.32 seconds on ideone.com to generate prime numbers up to 1,000,000. # from bitstring import BitString def prime_numbers(limit=1000000): '''Prime number generator. Yields the series 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 ... using Sieve of Eratosthenes. ''' yield 2 sub_limit = int(limit**0.5) flags = [False, False] + [True] * (limit - 2) # flags = BitString(limit) # Step through all the odd numbers for i in range(3, limit, 2): if flags[i] is False: # if flags[i] is True: continue yield i # Exclude further multiples of the current prime number if i <= sub_limit: for j in range(i*3, limit, i<<1): flags[j] = False # flags[j] = True The problem is, I run out of memory when I try to generate numbers up to 1,000,000,000. flags = [False, False] + [True] * (limit - 2) MemoryError As you can imagine, allocating 1 billion boolean values (1 byte 4 or 8 bytes (see comment) each in Python) is really not feasible, so I looked into bitstring. I figured, using 1 bit for each flag would be much more memory-efficient. However, the program's performance dropped drastically - 24 seconds runtime, for prime number up to 1,000,000. This is probably due to the internal implementation of bitstring. You can comment/uncomment the three lines to see what I changed to use BitString, as the code snippet above. My question is, is there a way to speed up my program, with or without bitstring?

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• Is there any danger in calling free() or delete instead of delete[]? [closed]

  - by Matt Joiner

  Possible Duplicate: ( POD )freeing memory : is delete[] equal to delete ? Does delete deallocate the elements beyond the first in an array? char *s = new char[n]; delete s; Does it matter in the above case seeing as all the elements of s are allocated contiguously, and it shouldn't be possible to delete only a portion of the array? For more complex types, would delete call the destructor of objects beyond the first one? Object *p = new Object[n]; delete p; How can delete[] deduce the number of Objects beyond the first, wouldn't this mean it must know the size of the allocated memory region? What if the memory region was allocated with some overhang for performance reasons? For example one could assume that not all allocators would provide a granularity of a single byte. Then any particular allocation could exceed the required size for each element by a whole element or more. For primitive types, such as char, int, is there any difference between: int *p = new int[n]; delete p; delete[] p; free p; Except for the routes taken by the respective calls through the delete-free deallocation machinery?

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• Excel 2007 file writer in C# results in a corrupt file

  - by Martin

  Hi, I am using a BinaryReader to read an Excel 2007 file from an Exchange mailbox using a OWA, the file is then written to disk using a BinaryWriter. My problem is that the two files don't match when the writer finishes. Worse still Excel 2007 won't open the writen file. Previously Excel 2003 has had no problem with the solution below. And Excel 2007 doesn't have an issue if the file is an Excel 2003 format file, only if the file format is Excel 2007 (*.xlsx). BinaryReader: using(System.IO.Stream stream = resource.GetInputStream(attachedFiles[k].Address)) { using(System.IO.BinaryReader br = new System.IO.BinaryReader(stream)) { attachment.Data = new byte[attachedFiles[k].Size]; int bufPosn=0, len=0; while ((len = br.Read( attachment.Data, bufPosn, attachment.Data.Length-bufPosn )) > 0) { bufPosn += len; } br.Close(); } } BinaryWriter: FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create); BinaryWriter binWriter = new BinaryWriter(fs); binWriter.Write( content, 0, content.Length ); binWriter.Close(); fs.Close(); Suggestions gratfully received.

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• HTTP requests and Apache modules: Creative attack vectors

  - by pinkgothic

  Slightly unorthodox question here: I'm currently trying to break an Apache with a handful of custom modules. What spawned the testing is that Apache internally forwards requests that it considers too large (e.g. 1 MB trash) to modules hooked in appropriately, forcing them to deal with the garbage data - and lack of handling in the custom modules caused Apache in its entirety to go up in flames. Ouch, ouch, ouch. That particular issue was fortunately fixed, but the question's arisen whether or not there may be other similar vulnerabilities. Right now I have a tool at my disposal that lets me send a raw HTTP request to the server (or rather, raw data through an established TCP connection that could be interpreted as an HTTP request if it followed the form of one, e.g. "GET ...") and I'm trying to come up with other ideas. (TCP-level attacks like Slowloris and Nkiller2 are not my focus at the moment.) Does anyone have a few nice ideas how to confuse the server and/or its modules to the point of self-immolation? Broken UTF-8? (Though I doubt Apache cares about encoding - I imagine it just juggles raw bytes.) Stuff that is only barely too long, followed by a 0-byte, followed by junk? et cetera I don't consider myself a very good tester (I'm doing this by necessity and lack of manpower; I unfortunately don't even have a more than basic grasp of Apache internals that would help me along), which is why I'm hoping for an insightful response or two or three. Maybe some of you have done some similar testing for your own projects? (If stackoverflow is not the right place for this question, I apologise. Not sure where else to put it.)

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• Need help making a check statement to make sure al the controls are not blank

  - by Michael Quiles

  This is for a tic tac toe game. I need help making a check statement to see if all the controls' Texts are non-blank, and if they are, you have a draw (if someone had won the previous code would have discovered that). Can you give me a good example using my code. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Drawing; namespace MyGame { public class Result1 { static private int[,] Winners = new int[,] { // main gameplay Ex: if x is on 0,1,2 x is the winner {0,1,2}, {3,4,5}, {6,7,8}, {0,3,6}, {1,4,7}, {2,5,8}, {0,4,8}, {2,4,6}, }; static public bool CheckWinner(Button[] myControls) { //bolean statement to check for the winner bool gameOver = false; for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { int a = Winners[i, 0]; int b = Winners[i, 1]; int c = Winners[i, 2]; Button b1 = myControls[a], b2 = myControls[b], b3 = myControls[c]; if (b1.Text == "" || b2.Text == "" || b3.Text == "") continue; if (b1.Text == b2.Text && b2.Text == b3.Text) { b1.BackColor = b2.BackColor = b3.BackColor = Color.LightCoral; b1.Font = b2.Font = b3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 32F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Italic & System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((System.Byte)(0))); gameOver = true; xWinnerForm xWinnerForm = new xWinnerForm(); xWinnerForm.ShowDialog(); //only works with show not showDialog method gets overloaded (b1.Text + " is the Winner"); to get around this I added and image showing the last player } } return gameOver; } } }

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• Creating files with french characters and encoding.

  - by Kevin

  HI, I am creating a file like so. FileStream temp = File.Create( this.FileName ); Then putting data in the file like so. this.Writer = new StreamWriter( this.Stream ); this.Writer.WriteLine( strMessage ); That code is encapsulated in a class hierarchy but that is the meat and potatoes of it. My problem is this. MSDN says that the default encoding for creating a file this way is UTF8. And when I write a french character such as é Textpad interprets the file as a UTF 8 file, but notepad++ says it's "ANSI as UTF8" or maybe it's an ansi file but is reading it as UTF8. When I create a file the same way without the french character both textpad and notepad++ read the file as an ansi file even though according to msdn it should be a utf 8 file still. Which program should be trusted. Notepad++ or textpad - Notepad++ seems to be more consistant, but is still the oppossite to what MSDN says it should be. My problem is that we create files that get sent off to another company and depending on whether there are french characters the encoding seems to keep changing. Or is there a better way to determine the encoding of a file. I've read about byte order marks and preambles but as far as I understand neither are guaranteed to be there. We initially thought that all the files we were building were ansi. Also please note that both ansi and utf8 should handle the french characters appropriately as the characters are part of both character sets.

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• Does HDC use alpha channel?

  - by Crend King

  Hello. Is there a way I can determine if an HDC uses alpha channel? I read Question 333559 and Question 685684, but their questions are about BITMAP. Apparently, some HDC has alpha channel (though they may not use it. Call this "Type 1") while others do not ("Type 2"). I know this by doing the following: Given a HDC, Create a compatible DC, and create a DIB section. Select the created HBITMAP into the compatible DC. BitBlt the source HDC to the compatible DC. Now examine the DIB section bits. For type 2 HDC, after every 3 bytes there is a byte always 0 (like 255 255 255 0); for type 1, these bytes are usualy 255 (like 250 240 230 255). To avoid false positive, I memset the bits to all 0x80 prior to the calls. Use GetDIBits directly on the source HDC, specify the HBITMAP as GetCurrentObject(hdc, OBJ_BITMAP). For both types of HDC, the 4th bytes are always 0. Change the DC bitmap by calling ExtTextOut. For type 2, ExtTextOut always set the 4th bytes to 0. For type 1, ExtTextOut always leave them untouched. I also noticed that the source HDC that are created by APIs (CreateCompatibleDC(), BeginPaint() ...) are always type 2. Type 1 HDC are from standard controls (like menu text). Even the HDC I CreateCompatibleDC from a type 1 becomes a type 2. So, on one hand, I'm frustrated that Microsoft does not provide equal information to developers (another example may be that you cannot know the direction of a HBITMAP after it is created), on the other hand, I'm still wondering is there a way to distinguish these HDC. Thanks for help.

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• PDF parsing file trailer

  - by Ralph

  It is not clear from the PDF ISO standard document (PDF32000-2008) whether a comment may follow the startxref keyword: startxref Byte_offset_of_last_cross-reference_section %%EOF The standard does seem to imply that comments may appear anywhere: 7.2.3 Comments Any occurrence of the PERCENT SIGN (25h) outside a string or stream introduces a comment. The comment consists of all characters after the PERCENT SIGN and up to but not including the end of the line, including regular, delimiter, SPACE (20h), and HORZONTAL TAB characters (09h). A conforming reader shall ignore comments, and treat them as single white-space characters. That is, a comment separates the token preceding it from the one following it. EXAMPLE The PDF fragment in this example is syntactically equivalent to just the tokens abc and 123. abc% comment ( /%) blah blah blah 123 Comments (other than the %PDF–n.m and %%EOF comments described in 7.5, "File Structure") have no semantics. They are not necessarily preserved by applications that edit PDF files. If they are allowed to appear after the startxref, parsing the file becomes more difficult because you do not know how far to back up from the %%EOF comment to start parsing to find the byte offset. Any ideas?

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• Segment register, IP register and memory addressing issue!

  - by Zia ur Rahman

  In the following text I asked two questions and I also described that what I know about these question so that you can understand my thinking. Your precious comments about the below text are required. Below is the Detail of 1ST Question As we know that if we have one mega byte memory then we need 20 bits to address this memory. Another thing is each memory cell has a physical address which is of 20 bits in 1Mb memory. IP register in IAPX88 is of 16 bits. Now my point of view is, we can not access the memory at all by the IP register because the memory need 20 bit address to be addressed but the IP register is of 16 bits. If we have a memory of 64k then IP register can access this memory because this memory needs 16 bits to be addressed. But incase of 1mb memory IP can’t.tell me am i right or not if not why? Suppose physical address of memory is 11000000000000000101 Now how can we access this memory location by 16 bits. Below is the detail of Next Question: My next question is , suppose IP register is pointing to memory location, and the segment register is also pointing to a memory location (start of the segment), the memory is of 1MB, how we can access a memory location by these two 16 bit registers tell me the sequence of steps how the 20 bits addressable memory location is accessed . If your answer is, we take the segment value and we shift it left by 4 bits and then add the IP value into it to get the 20 bits address, then this raises another question that is the address bus (the address bus should be 20 bits wide), the registers both the segment register and the IP register are of 16 bits each , now if address bus is 20 bits wide then this means that the address bus is connected to both these registers. If its not the case then another thing that comes into my mind is that both these registers generate a 20 bit address and there would be a register which can store 20 bits and this register would be connected to both these register and the address bus as well.

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• evaluation of a java thread dump

  - by raticulin

  I got a thread dump of one of my processes. It has a bunch of these threads. I guess they are keeping a bunch of memory so I am getting OOM. "Thread-8264" prio=6 tid=0x4c94ac00 nid=0xf3c runnable [0x4fe7f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE at java.util.zip.Inflater.inflateBytes(Native Method) at java.util.zip.Inflater.inflate(Inflater.java:223) - locked <0x0c9bc640 (a java.util.zip.Inflater) at org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveInputStream.read(ZipArchiveInputStream.java:235) at com.my.ZipExtractorCommonsCompress.extract(ZipExtractorCommonsCompress.java:48) at com.my.CustomThreadedExtractorWrapper$ExtractionThread.run(CustomThreadedExtractorWrapper.java:151) Locked ownable synchronizers: - None "Thread-8241" prio=6 tid=0x4c94a400 nid=0xb8c runnable [0x4faef000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE at java.util.zip.Inflater.inflateBytes(Native Method) at java.util.zip.Inflater.inflate(Inflater.java:223) - locked <0x0c36b808 (a java.util.zip.Inflater) at org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveInputStream.read(ZipArchiveInputStream.java:235) at com.my.ZipExtractorCommonsCompress.extract(ZipExtractorCommonsCompress.java:48) at com.my.CustomThreadedExtractorWrapper$ExtractionThread.run(CustomThreadedExtractorWrapper.java:151) Locked ownable synchronizers: - None I am trying to find out how it arrived to this situation. CustomThreadedExtractorWrapper is a wrapper class that fires a thread to do some work (ExtractionThread, which uses ZipExtractorCommonsCompress to extract zip contents from a compressed stream). If the task is taking too long, ExtractionThread.interrupt(); is called to cancel the operation. I can see in my logs that the cancellation happened 25 times. And I see 21 of these threads in my dump. My questions: What is the status of these threads? Alive and running? Blocked somehow? They did not die with .interrupt() apparently? Is there a sure way to really kill a thread? What does really mean 'locked ' in the stack trace? Line 223 in Inflater.java is: public synchronized int inflate(byte[] b, int off, int len) { ... //return is line 223 return inflateBytes(b, off, len); }

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• Reading from serial port with Boost Asio?

  - by trikri

  Hi! I'm going to check for incoming messages (data packages) on the serial port, using Boost Asio. Each message will start with a header that is one byte long, and will specify which type of the message has been sent. Each different type of message has an own length. The function I'm about to write should check for new incoming messages continually, and when it finds one it should read it, and then some other function should parse it. I thought that the code might look something like this: void check_for_incoming_messages() { boost::asio::streambuf response; boost::system::error_code error; std::string s1, s2; if (boost::asio::read(port, response, boost::asio::transfer_at_least(0), error)) { s1 = streambuf_to_string(response); int msg_code = s1[0]; if (msg_code < 0 || msg_code >= NUM_MESSAGES) { // Handle error, invalid message header } if (boost::asio::read(port, response, boost::asio::transfer_at_least(message_lengths[msg_code]-s1.length()), error)) { s2 = streambuf_to_string(response); // Handle the content of s1 and s2 } else if (error != boost::asio::error::eof) { throw boost::system::system_error(error); } } else if (error != boost::asio::error::eof) { throw boost::system::system_error(error); } } Is boost::asio::streambuf is the right thing to use? And how do I extract the data from it so I can parse the message? I also want to know if I need to have a separate thread which only calls this function, so that it get called more often? Isn't there a risk for loosing data in between two calls to the function otherwise, because so much data comes in that it can't be stored in the serial ports memory? I'm using Qt as a widget toolkit and I don't really know how long time it needs to process all it's events.

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• Using Sendkeys in python to press {F12} results in other keys pressed?

  - by ThantiK

  import time from ctypes import * import win32gui import win32com.client as comclt X = 119 Y = 53 def PILColorToRGB(pil_color): """ convert a PIL-compatible integer into an (r, g, b) tuple """ hexstr = '%06x' % pil_color # reverse byte order r, g, b = hexstr[4:], hexstr[2:4], hexstr[:2] r, g, b = [int(n, 16) for n in (r, g, b)] return (r, g, b) wsh = comclt.Dispatch("WScript.Shell") w = win32gui user = windll.LoadLibrary("c:\\windows\\system32\\user32.dll") h = user.GetDC(0) gdi = windll.LoadLibrary("c:\\windows\\system32\\gdi32.dll") while True: FG = w.GetWindowText(w.GetForegroundWindow()) #FG = Foreground window title. if FG == "World of Warcraft": rgb = (PILColorToRGB(gdi.GetPixel(h,X,Y))) #X, Y time.sleep(0.333) #don't check too often. if (rgb[0] >= 130): #While Pixel (X, Y) is Red... #print "%d %d %d" % (rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]) #Debug wsh.SendKeys("{F12}") #Send a key. time.sleep(0.7) #Add some extra down-time if we send the key. else: time.sleep(5) Basically all this code does is read a pixel on the screen, and send a key (F12) if the pixel is red. But when using this code I regularly get some phantom key-code being pressed. The application I'm using this on is obviously world of warcraft, and I have checked that all keybinds are standard keybinds. However randomly it seems I get either an up arrow, or a w pressed, which moves my character forward whenever this code executes (F12 is bound to a macro, unbound from any movement. If I press f12 with a hardware event, it does not exhibit this behavior. What in the world could be going on here?

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