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  • Django IntegrityError: foreign key violation upon delete

    - by Lukasz Korzybski
    I have Order and Shipment model. Shipment has a foreign key to Order. class Order(...): ... class Shipment() order = m.ForeignKey('Order') ... Now in one of my views I want do delete order object along with all related objects. So I invoke order.delete(). I have Django 1.0.4, PostgreSQL 8.4 and I use transaction middleware, so whole request is enclosed in single transaction. The problem is that upon order.delete() I get: ... File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/backends/__init__.py", line 28, in _commit return self.connection.commit() IntegrityError: update or delete on table "main_order" violates foreign key constraint "main_shipment_order_id_fkey" on table "main_shipment" DETAIL: Key (id)=(45) is still referenced from table "main_shipment". I checked in connection.queries that proper queries are executed in proper order. First shipment is deleted, after that django executes delete on order row: {'time': '0.000', 'sql': 'DELETE FROM "main_shipment" WHERE "id" IN (17)'}, {'time': '0.000', 'sql': 'DELETE FROM "main_order" WHERE "id" IN (45)'} Foreign key have ON DELETE NO ACTION (default) and is initially deferred. I don't know why I get foreign key constraint violation. I also tried to register pre_delete signal and manually delete shipment objects before delete on order is called, but it resulted in the same error. I can change ON DELETE behaviour for this key in Postgres but it would be just a hack, I wonder if anyone has a better idea what's going on here. There is also a small detail, my Order model inherits from Cart model, so it actually doesn't have id field but cart_ptr_id and after DELETE on order is executed there is also DELETE on cart, but it seems unrelated? to the shipment-order problem so I simplified it in the example.

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  • Install h5py in Mac OS X 10.6.3

    - by zyq524
    I'm trying to install h5py in Mac OS X 10.6.3. First I installed HDF5 1.8, which used the following commands: ./configure \ --prefix=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current \ --enable-shared \ --enable-production \ --enable-threadsafe \ CPPFLAGS=-I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/include \ LDFLAGS=-L/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/lib make make check sudo make install Then install h5py: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin/python \ setup.py \ build \ --api=18 \ --hdf5=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current Then I got the errors: Configure: Autodetecting HDF5 settings... Custom HDF5 dir: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current Custom API level: (1, 8) ld: warning: in detect/vers.o, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (i386) ld: warning: in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/lib/libhdf5.dylib, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (i386) Undefined symbols: "_main", referenced from: start in crt1.10.5.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Failed to compile HDF5 test program. Please check to make sure: * You have a C compiler installed * A development version of Python is installed (including header files) * A development version of HDF5 is installed (including header files) * If HDF5 is not in a default location, supply the argument --hdf5=<path> error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1 I just updated my Xcode, I don't know whether this is because my gcc's default setting. If so, how can I get rid of this error? Thanks.

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  • Installing django on dreamhost (help a newb out)

    - by augustfirst
    I'm trying to get django running on my dreahost account. I've been trying to sort of use two tutorials at once: the one on the dreamhost wiki and the one in the django book. I installed django using the script on the wiki page, but I ran into trouble immediately while trying to work through the django book. It says: To start the server, change into your project directory (cd mysite), if you haven’t already, and run this command: python manage.py runserver This launches the server locally, on port 8000, accessible only to connections from your own computer. Now that it’s running, visit 127.0.0.1:8000 with your Web browser. You’ll see a “Welcome to Django” page shaded in a pleasant pastel blue. It worked! Those instructions seem to assume that you're developing locally, not on a shared server. Where the heck am I supposed to look for the "Welcome to Django" page after starting the server? In my webroot? No dice. Anyway, I tried to blunder ahead through the django book to its hello world tutorial (chapter 3). But once I've edited the view file and the URLconf, I don't get a nice clean "hello world" text. Instead (as you can see) I get an "import error". Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to write this snippet in Python?

    - by morpheous
    I am learning Python (I have a C/C++ background). I need to write something practical in Python though, whilst learning. I have the following pseudocode (my first attempt at writing a Python script, since reading about Python yesterday). Hopefully, the snippet details the logic of what I want to do. BTW I am using python 2.6 on Ubuntu Karmic. Assume the script is invoked as: script_name.py directory_path import csv, sys, os, glob # Can I declare that the function accepts a dictionary as first arg? def getItemValue(item, key, defval) return !item.haskey(key) ? defval : item[key] dirname = sys.argv[1] # declare some default values here weight, is_male, default_city_id = 100, true, 1 # fetch some data from a database table into a nested dictionary, indexed by a string curr_dict = load_dict_from_db('foo') #iterate through all the files matching *.csv in the specified folder for infile in glob.glob( os.path.join(dirname, '*.csv') ): #get the file name (without the '.csv' extension) code = infile[0:-4] # open file, and iterate through the rows of the current file (a CSV file) f = open(infile, 'rt') try: reader = csv.reader(f) for row in reader: #lookup the id for the code in the dictionary id = curr_dict[code]['id'] name = row['name'] address1 = row['address1'] address2 = row['address2'] city_id = getItemValue(row, 'city_id', default_city_id) # insert row to database table finally: f.close() I have the following questions: Is the code written in a Pythonic enough way (is there a better way of implementing it)? Given a table with a schema like shown below, how may I write a Python function that fetches data from the table and returns is in a dictionary indexed by string (name). How can I insert the row data into the table (actually I would like to use a transaction if possible, and commit just before the file is closed) Table schema: create table demo (id int, name varchar(32), weight float, city_id int); BTW, my backend database is postgreSQL

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  • Problem uploading app to google app engine

    - by Oberon
    I'm having problems uploading an app to the google-app-engine from my work place. I believe the problem is related to proxy, because I do not see the same problem when following the same procedure from home. (I do not specify HTTP_PROXY from home). These are the commands I run: HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.<thehostname>.com:8080 HTTP_PROXY=https://proxy.<thehostname>.com:8080 appcfg.py --insecure update myappfolder When running the commands I get prompted for email and password, as expected, but after that it immediately exits with this errormessage: Error 302: --- begin server output --- <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Moved Temporarily</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000"> <H1>Moved Temporarily</H1> The document has moved <A HREF="https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin">here</A>. </BODY> </HTML> --- end server output --- Note: I added the --insecure option because else it gave a warning of missing ssl module. Any idea how to solve or workaround this problem?

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  • How to retrieve view of MultiIndex DataFrame

    - by Henry S. Harrison
    This question was inspired by this question. I had the same problem, updating a MultiIndex DataFrame by selection. The drop_level=False solution in Pandas 0.13 will allow me to achieve the same result, but I am still wondering why I cannot get a view from the MultiIndex DataFrame. In other words, why does this not work?: >>> sat = d.xs('sat', level='day', copy=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 2248, in xs raise ValueError('Cannot retrieve view (copy=False)') ValueError: Cannot retrieve view (copy=False) Of course it could be only because it is not implemented, but is there a reason? Is it somehow ambiguous or impossible to implement? Returning a view is more intuitive to me than returning a copy then later updating the original. I looked through the source and it seems this situation is checked explicitly to raise an error. Alternatively, is it possible to get the same sort of view from any of the other indexing methods? I've experimented but have not been successful. [edit] Some potential implementations are discussed here. I guess with the last question above I'm wondering what the current best solution is to index into arbitrary multiindex slices and cross-sections.

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  • Python: Errors saving and loading objects with pickle module

    - by Peterstone
    Hi, I am trying to load and save objects with this piece of code I get it from a question I asked a week ago: Python: saving and loading objects and using pickle. The piece of code is this: class Fruits: pass banana = Fruits() banana.color = 'yellow' banana.value = 30 import pickle filehandler = open("Fruits.obj","wb") pickle.dump(banana,filehandler) filehandler.close() file = open("Fruits.obj",'rb') object_file = pickle.load(file) file.close() print(object_file.color, object_file.value, sep=', ') At a first glance the piece of code works well, getting load and see the 'color' and 'value' of the saved object. But, what I pursuit is to close a session, open a new one and load what I save in a past session. I close the session after putting the line filehandler.close() and I open a new one and I put the rest of your code, then after putting object_file = pickle.load(file) I get this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#5>", line 1, in <module> object_file = pickle.load(file) File "C:\Python31\lib\pickle.py", line 1365, in load encoding=encoding, errors=errors).load() AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Fruits' Can anyone explain me what this error message means and telling me how to solve this problem? Thank so much and happy new year!!

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  • Escape whitespace in paths using nautilus script

    - by Tommy Brunn
    I didn't think this would be as tricky as it turned out to be, but here I am. I'm trying to write a Nautilus script in Python to upload one or more images to Imgur just by selecting and right clicking them. It works well enough with both single images and multiple images - as long as they don't contain any whitespace. In fact, you can upload a single image containing whitespace, just not multiple ones. The problem is that NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS returns all the selected files and directories as a space separated string. So for example, it could look like this: print os.environment['NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS'] /home/nevon/Desktop/test image.png /home/nevon/Desktop/test.jpg What I need is a way to -either in bash or Python- escape the spaces in the path - but not the spaces that delimit different items. Either that, or a way to put quotation marks around each item. The ultimate solution would be if I could do that in bash and then send the items as separate arguments to my python script. Something like: python uploader.py /home/nevon/Desktop/test\ image.png /home/nevon/Desktop/test.jpg I've tried RTFM'ing, but there doesn't seem to be a lot of good solutions for this. At least not that I've found. Any ideas?

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  • why does cx_oracle execute() not like my string now?

    - by Frank Stallone
    I've downloaded cx_oracle some time ago and wrote a script to convert data to XML. I've had to reisntall my OS and grabbed the latest version of cx_Oracle (5.0.3) and all of the sudden my code is broken. The first thing was that cx_Oracle.connect wanted unicode rather string for the username and password, that was very easy to fix. But now it keeps failing on the cursor.execute and tells me my string is not a string even when type() tells me it is a string. Here is a test script I initally used ages ago and worked fine on my old version but does not work on cx_Oracle now. import cx_Oracle ip = 'url.to.oracle' port = 1521 SID = 'mysid' dsn_tns = cx_Oracle.makedsn(ip, port, SID) connection = cx_Oracle.connect(u'name', u'pass', dsn_tns) cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.arraysize = 50 sql = "select isbn, title_code from core_isbn where rownum<=20" print type(sql) cursor.execute(sql) for isbn, title_code in cursor.fetchall(): print "Values from DB:", isbn, title_code cursor.close() connection.close() When I run that I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\NetBeansProjects\Python\src\db_temp.py", line 48, in cursor.execute(sql) TypeError: expecting None or a string Does anyone know what I may be doing wrong?

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  • django: results in in_bulk style without IDs

    - by valya
    in django 1.1.1, Place.objects.in_bulk() does not work and Place.objects.in_bulk(range(1, 100)) works and returns a dictionary of Ints to Places with indexes - primary keys. How to avoid using range in this situation (and avoid using a special query for ids, I just want to get all objects in this dictionary format) >>> Place.objects.in_bulk() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Django-1.1.1-py2.5.egg/django/db/models/manager.py", line 144, in in_bulk return self.get_query_set().in_bulk(*args, **kwargs) TypeError: in_bulk() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given) >>> Place.objects.in_bulk(range(1, 100)) {1L: <Place: "??? ????">, 3L: <Place: "???????????? ?????">, 4L: <Place: "????????? "??????"">, 5L: <Place: "????????? "??????"">, 8L: <Place: "????????? "??????????????"">, 9L: <Place: "??????? ????????">, 10L: <Place: "????????? ???????">, 11L: <Place: "??????????????? ???">, 14L: <Place: "????? ????? ??????">}

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  • Piping EOF problems with stdio and C++/Python

    - by yeus
    I got some problems with EOF and stdio. I have no idea what I am doing wrong. When I see an EOF in my program I clear the stdin and next round I try to read in a new line. The problem is: for some reason the getline function immediatly (from the second run always, the first works just as intended) returns an EOF instead of waiting for a new input from py python process... Any idea? alright Here is the code: #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <limits> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char **argv) { for (;;) { string buf; if (getline(cin,buf)) { if (buf=="q") break; /*****///do some stuff with input //my actual filter program cout<<buf; /*****/ } else { if ((cin.rdstate() & istream::eofbit)!=0)cout<<"eofbit"<<endl; if ((cin.rdstate() & istream::failbit)!=0)cout<<"failbit"<<endl; if ((cin.rdstate() & istream::badbit)!=0)cout<<"badbit"<<endl; if ((cin.rdstate() & istream::goodbit)!=0)cout<<"goodbit"<<endl; cin.clear(); cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max()); //break;//I am not using break, because I //want more input when the parent //process puts data into stdin; } } return 0; } and in python: from subprocess import Popen, PIPE import os from time import sleep proc=Popen(os.getcwd()+"/Pipingtest",stdout=PIPE,stdin=PIPE,stderr=PIPE); while(1): sleep(0.5) print proc.communicate("1 1 1") print "running"

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  • Django URL Conf Returns Incorrect "Current URL"

    - by natnit
    I have a django app that is mostly done, and the URLs work perfectly when I run it with the manage.py runserver command. However, I've recently tried to get it running via lighttpd, and many links have stopped working. For example: http://mysite.com/races/32 should work, but instead throws this error message. Page not found (404) Request Method: GET Request URL: http://mysite.com/races/32 Using the URLconf defined in racetrack.urls, Django tried these URL patterns, in this order: ^admin/ ^create/$ ^races/$ ^races/(?P<race_id>\d+)/$ ^races/(?P<race_id>\d+)/manage/$ ^races/(?P<text>\w+)/$ ^user/(?P<kol_id>\d+)/$ ^$ ^login/$ ^logout/$ The current URL, 32, didn't match any of these. The request URL is accurate, but the last line (which displays the current URL) is giving 32 instead of races/32 as expected. Here is my urlconf: from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('racetrack.races.views', (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^create/$', 'create'), (r'^races/$', 'index'), (r'^races/(?P<race_id>\d+)/$', 'detail'), (r'^races/(?P<race_id>\d+)/manage/$', 'manage'), (r'^races/(?P<text>\w+)/$', 'index'), (r'^user/(?P<kol_id>\d+)/$', 'user'), # temporary for index page replace with welcome page (r'^$', 'index'), ) urlpatterns += patterns('django.contrib.auth.views', (r'^login/$', 'login', {'template_name': 'races/login.html'}), (r'^logout/$', 'logout', {'next_page': '/'}), ) Thank you.

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  • Get XML-RPC (Andorid - PHP) web service different params type

    - by Jovan
    Hi, I want to create XML-RPC web service for Andorid (client) - PHP (Server) communication I create XML-RPC PHP web service server using this tutorial: http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/own-web-service-php-xml-rpc/5 For andorid client web service I use this project: http://code.google.com/p/android-xmlrpc/ server and client communication is OK, but I have problem with getting params from andorid client to php server. From andorid client I send two params (first integer and second float number) Object[] params = { 3, 3.6f, }; method.call(params); , but I don't know how to handle this parameters in php server?? in php server there is some function , but with only one param ($news_id): function news_viewNewsItem ( $news_id ) { /* Define the query to fetch the news item */ $query = "SELECT * FROM kd_xmlrpc_news WHERE news_id = '" . $news_id . "'"; $sql = mysql_query ( $query ); if ( $result = mysql_fetch_array ( $sql ) ) { /* Extract the variables for sending in our server response */ $news_item['news_id'] = $result['news_id']; $news_item['date'] = XMLRPC_convert_timestamp_to_iso8601( mysql_datetime_to_timestamp( $result['date'] ) ); $news_item['title'] = $result['title']; $news_item['full_desc'] = $result['full_desc']; $news_item['author'] = $result['author']; /* Respond to the client with the news item */ XMLRPC_response(XMLRPC_prepare($news_item), KD_XMLRPC_USERAGENT); } else { /* If there was an error, respond with a fault code instead */ XMLRPC_error("1", "news_viewNewsItem() error: Unable to read news:" . mysql_error(), KD_XMLRPC_USERAGENT); } } In server.py file there is functions for every method but I dont know how to write in php server: def add(self, x, y): print print "input x=%s, y=%s" % (str(x), str(y)) sum = x + y print "output", sum print return sum Can some one help me with code , and tell me how to handle various types from client to server?? Thanks and Happy New Year

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  • How can I change the Python that my Django project is using?

    - by Burak
    I have 2 versions installed in my server. I used virtualenv to install Python 2.7. I am using WSGI to deploy my project. WSGIPythonPath /home/ENV/lib/python2.7/site-packages WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/html/my_project/wsgi.py My http.conf is like that. python -V gives Python 2.7.3 But in my projects Debug window, it says Django is using 2.6.8. Where am I wrong? UPDATE: Here is my wsgi file import os import sys sys.path.append('/var/www/html') os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myproject.settings") from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application application = get_wsgi_application() Python Version: 2.6.8 Python Path: ['/home/ENV/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg', '/home/ENV/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg', '/home/ENV/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4-py2.7.egg', '/home/ENV/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django_transmeta-0.6.7-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ipython-0.13-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-1.7.2-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib64/python26.zip', '/usr/lib64/python2.6', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg-info', '/var/www/html'] In my error_log of httpd: [Tue Jul 10 20:51:29 2012] [error] python_init: Python version mismatch, expected '2.6.7', found '2.6.8'. [Tue Jul 10 20:51:29 2012] [error] python_init: Python executable found '/usr/bin/python'. [Tue Jul 10 20:51:29 2012] [error] python_init: Python path being used '/usr/lib64/python26.zip:/usr/lib64/python2.6/:/usr/lib64/python2.6/plat-linux2:/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-tk:/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-old:/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-dynload'.

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  • Why is my django bulk database population so slow and frequently failing?

    - by bryn
    I decided I'd like to use django's model system rather than coding raw SQL to interface with my database, but I am having a problem that surely is avoidable. My models.py contains: class Student(models.Model): student_id = models.IntegerField(unique = True) form = models.CharField(max_length = 10) preferred = models.CharField(max_length = 70) surname = models.CharField(max_length = 70) and I'm populating it by looping through a list as follows: from models import Student for id, frm, pref, sname in large_list_of_data: s = Student(student_id = id, form = frm, preferred = pref, surname = sname) s.save() I don't really want to be saving this to the database each time but I don't know another way to get django to not forget about it (I'd rather add all the rows and then do a single commit). There are two problems with the code as it stands. It's slow -- about 20 students get updated each second. It doesn't even make it through large_list_of_data, instead throwing a DatabaseError saying "unable to open database file". (Possibly because I'm using sqlite3.) My question is: How can I stop these two things from happening? I'm guessing that the root of both problems is that I've got the s.save() but I don't see a way of easily batching the students up and then saving them in one commit to the database.

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  • How should I return different types in a method based on the value of a string in Java?

    - by Siracuse
    I'm new to Java and I have come to having the following problem: I have created several classes which all implement the interface "Parser". I have a JavaParser, PythonParser, CParser and finally a TextParser. I'm trying to write a method so it will take either a File or a String (representing a filename) and return the appropriate parser given the extension of the file. Here is some psuedo-code of what I'm basically attempting to do: public Parser getParser(String filename) { String extension = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf(".")); switch(extension) { case "py": return new PythonParser(); case "java": return new JavaParser(); case "c": return new CParser(); default: return new TextParser(); } } In general, is this the right way to handle this situation? Also, how should I handle the fact that Java doesn't allow switching on strings? Should I use the .hashcode() value of the strings? I feel like there is some design pattern or something for handling this but it eludes me. Is this how you would do it?

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  • pyOpenSSL and the WantReadError

    - by directedition
    I have a socket server that I am trying to move over to SSL on python 2.5, but I've run into a snag with pyOpenSSL. I can't find any good tutorials on using it, so I'm operating largely on guesses. Here is how my server sets up the socket: ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD) ctx.use_privatekey_file ("mykey.pem") ctx.use_certificate_file("mycert.pem") sock = SSL.Connection(ctx, socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) addr = ('', int(8081)) sock.bind(addr) sock.listen(5) Here is how it accepts clients: sock.setblocking(0) while True: if len(select([sock], [], [], 0.25)[0]): client_sock, client_addr = sock.accept() client = ClientGen(client_sock) And here is how it sends/receives from the connected sockets: while True: (r, w, e) = select.select([sock], [sock], [], 0.25) if len(r): bytes = sock.recv(1024) if len(w): n_bytes = sock.send(self.message) It's compacted, but you get the general idea. The problem is, once the send/receive loop starts, it dies right away, before anything has been sent or received (that I can see anyway): Traceback (most recent call last): File "ClientGen.py", line 50, in networkLoop n_bytes = sock.send(self.message WantReadError The manual's description of the 'WantReadError' is very vague, saying it can come from just about anywhere. What am I doing wrong?

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  • I don't like Python functions that take two or more iterables. Is it a good idea?

    - by Xavier Ho
    This question came from looking at this question on Stackoverflow. def fringe8((px, py), (x1, y1, x2, y2)): Personally, it's been one of my pet peeves to see a function that takes two arguments with fixed-number iterables (like a tuple) or two or more dictionaries (Like in the Shotgun API). It's just hard to use, because of all the verbosity and double-bracketed enclosures. Wouldn't this be better: >>> class Point(object): ... def __init__(self, x, y): ... self.x = x ... self.y = y ... >>> class Rect(object): ... def __init__(self, x1, y1, x2, y2): ... self.x1 = x1 ... self.y1 = y1 ... self.x2 = x2 ... self.y2 = y2 ... >>> def fringe8(point, rect): ... # ... ... >>> >>> point = Point(2, 2) >>> rect = Rect(1, 1, 3, 3) >>> >>> fringe8(point, rect) Is there a situation where taking two or more iterable arguments is justified? Obviously the standard itertools Python library needs that, but I can't see it being pretty in maintainable, flexible code design.

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  • SQLAlchemy Mapping problem

    - by asdvalkn
    Dear Everyone, I am trying to sqlalchemy to correctly map my data. Note that a unified group is basically a group of groups. (One unifiedGroup maps to many groups but each group can only map to one ug). So basically this is the definition of my unifiedGroups: CREATE TABLE `unifiedGroups` ( `ugID` INT AUTO_INCREMENT, `gID` INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(`ugID`, `gID`), KEY( `gID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ; Note that each row is a ugID, gID tuple. ( I do not know before hand how many gID is per ugID so this is probably the most sensible and simplest method). Definition for my UnifiedGroup class class UnifiedGroup(object): """UnifiedProduct behaves very much like a group """ def __init__(self, ugID): self.ugID=ugID #Added by mapping self.groups=False def __str__(self): return '<%s:%s>' % (self.ugID, ','.join( [g for g in self.groups])) These are my mapping tables: tb_groupsInfo = Table( 'groupsInfo', metadata, Column('gID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gName', String(128)), ) tb_unifiedGroups = Table( 'unifiedGroups', metadata, Column('ugID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gID', Integer, ForeignKey('groupsInfo.gID')), ) My mapper maps in the following manner: mapper( UnifiedGroup, tb_unifiedGroups, properties={ 'groups': relation( Group, backref='unifiedGroup') }) However, when I tried to do groupInstance.unifiedGroup, I am getting an empty list [], while groupInstance.unifiedGroup.groups returns me an error: AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' Traceback (most recent call last): File "Mapping.py", line 119, in <module> print p.group.unifiedGroup.groups AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' What is wrong?

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  • Python base classes share attributes?

    - by tad
    Code in test.py: class Base(object): def __init__(self, l=[]): self.l = l def add(self, num): self.l.append(num) def remove(self, num): self.l.remove(num) class Derived(Base): def __init__(self, l=[]): super(Derived, self).__init__(l) Python shell session: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 1 2010, 05:22:20) [GCC 4.4.3 20100316 (prerelease)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import test >>> a = test.Derived() >>> b = test.Derived() >>> a.l [] >>> b.l [] >>> a.add(1) >>> a.l [1] >>> b.l [1] >>> c = test.Derived() >>> c.l [1] I was expecting "C++-like" behavior, in which each derived object contains its own instance of the base class. Is this still the case? Why does each object appear to share the same list instance?

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  • use of ajax in django problem with the code

    - by tazim
    I am new to ajax and using Django for web development. Now My Template contains : sample.html <html> <body> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> //Browser Support Code function ajaxFunction(){ var ajaxRequest; // The variable that makes Ajax possible! try{ // Opera 8.0+, Firefox, Safari ajaxRequest = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch (e){ // Internet Explorer Browsers try{ ajaxRequest = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) { try{ ajaxRequest = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e){ // Something went wrong alert("Your browser broke!"); return false; } } } // Create a function that will receive data sent from the server ajaxRequest.onreadystatechange = function(){ if(ajaxRequest.readyState == 4){ document.myForm.time.value = ajaxRequest.responseText; } } ajaxRequest.open("GET", "/showtime/", true); ajaxRequest.send(null); } </script> <form name='myForm'> Name: <input type='text' onBlur="ajaxFunction();" name='username' /> <br /> Time: <input type='text' name='time' /> </form> </body> </html> In views.py my function is : def showtime(request): string = "Ajax Application" data = {"string" : string} pprint (data) return render_to_response("sample.html",data) Now, The output is not as expected . The template does not receives the response sent by the server What is wrong with the code ?

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  • Longer execution through Java shell than console?

    - by czuk
    I have a script in Python which do some computations. When I run this script in console it takes about 7 minutes to complete but when I run it thought Java shell it takes three times longer. I use following code to execute the script in Java: this.p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("script.py --batch", envp); this.input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream())); this.output = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(p.getOutputStream())); this.error = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getErrorStream())); Do you have any suggestion why the Python script runs three time longer in Java than in a console? update The computation goes as follow: Java sends data to the Python. Python reads the data. Python generates a decision tree --- this is a long operation. Python sends a confirmation that the tree is ready. Java receives the confirmation. Later there is a series of communications between Java and Python but it takes only several second.

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  • Why can't I handle a KeyboardInterrupt in python?

    - by Josh
    I'm writing python 2.6.6 code on windows that looks like this: try: dostuff() except KeyboardInterrupt: print "Interrupted!" except: print "Some other exception?" finally: print "cleaning up...." print "done." dostuff() is a function that loops forever, reading a line at a time from an input stream and acting on it. I want to be able to stop it and clean up when I hit ctrl-c. What's happening instead is that the code under except KeyboardInterrupt: isn't running at all. The only thing that gets printed is "cleaning up...", and then a traceback is printed that looks like this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "filename.py", line 119, in <module> print 'cleaning up...' KeyboardInterrupt So, exception handling code is NOT running, and the traceback claims that a KeyboardInterrupt occurred during the finally clause, which doesn't make sense because hitting ctrl-c is what caused that part to run in the first place! Even the generic except: clause isn't running. EDIT: Based on the comments, I replaced the contents of the try: block with sys.stdin.read(). The problem still occurs exactly as described, with the first line of the finally: block running and then printing the same traceback.

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  • R plotting multiple histograms on single plot to .pdf as a part of R batch script

    - by Bryce Thomas
    I am writing R scripts which play just a small role in a chain of commands I am executing from a terminal. Basically, I do much of my data manipulation in a Python script and then pipe the output to my R script for plotting. So, from the terminal I execute commands which look something like $python whatever.py | R CMD BATCH do_some_plotting.R. This workflow has been working well for me so far, though I have now reached a point where I want to overlay multiple histograms on the same plot, inspired by this answer to another user's question on Stackoverflow. Inside my R script, my plotting code looks like this: pdf("my_output.pdf") plot(hist(d$original,breaks="FD",prob=TRUE), col=rgb(0,0,1,1/4),xlim=c(0,4000),main="original - This plot is in beta") plot(hist(d$minus_thirty_minutes,breaks="FD",prob=TRUE), col=rgb(1,0,0,1/4),add=T,xlim=c(0,4000),main="minus_thirty_minutes - This plot is in beta") Notably, I am using add=T, which is presumably meant to specify that the second plot should be overlaid on top of the first. When my script has finished, the result I am getting is not two histograms overlaid on top of each other, but rather a 3-page PDF whose 3 individual plots contain the titles: i) Histogram of d$original ii) original - This plot is in beta iii) Histogram of d$minus_thirty_minutes So there's two points here I'm looking to clarify. Firstly, even if the plots weren't overlaid, I would expect just a 2-page PDF, not a 3-page PDF. Can someone explain why I am getting a 3-page PDF? Secondly, is there a correction I can make here somewhere to get just the two histograms plotted, and both of them on the same plot (i.e. 1-page PDF)? The other Stackoverflow question/answer I linked to in the first paragraph did mention that alpha-blending isn't supported on all devices, and so I'm curious whether this has anything to do with it. Either way, it would be good to know if there is a R-based solution to my problem or whether I'm going to have to pipe my data into a different language/plotting engine.

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  • Capturing stdout from an imported module in wxpython and sending it to a textctrl, without blocking the GUI

    - by splafe
    There are alot of very similar questions to this but I can't find one that applies specifically to what I'm trying to do. I have a simulation (written in SimPy) that I'm writing a GUI for, the main output of the simulation is text - to the console from 'print' statements. Now, I thought the simplest way would be to create a seperate module GUI.py, and import my simulation program into it: import osi_model I want all the print statements to be captured by the GUI and appear inside a Textctrl, which there's countless examples of on here, along these lines: class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): <general frame initialisation stuff..> redir=RedirectText(self.txtCtrl_1) sys.stdout=redir class RedirectText: def __init__(self,aWxTextCtrl): self.out=aWxTextCtrl def write(self,string): self.out.WriteText(string) I am also starting my simulation from a 'Go' button: def go_btn_click(self, event): print 'GO' self.RT = threading.Thread(target=osi_model.RunThis()) self.RT.start() This all works fine, and the output from the simulation module is captured by the TextCtrl, except the GUI locks up and becomes unresponsive - I still need it to be accessible (at the very minimum to have a 'Stop' button). I'm not sure if this is a botched attempt at creating a new thread that I've done here, but I assume a new thread will be needed at some stage in this process. People suggest using wx.CallAfter, but I'm not sure how to go about this considering the imported module doesn't know about wx, and also I can't realistically go through the entire simulation architecture and change all the print statements to wx.CallAfter, and any attempt to capture the shell from inside the imported simulation program leads to the program crashing. Does anybody have any ideas about how I can best achieve this? So all I really need is for all console text to be captured by a TextCtrl while the GUI remains responsive, and all text is solely coming from an imported module. (Also, secondary question regarding a Stop button - is it bad form to just kill the simulation thread?). Thanks, Duncan

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