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• EC2 AMI won't boot after edit

  - by Eric Lars0n

  I did something stupid, I got a new laptop and copied everything over to the new one, then wiped the old one clean. Then I realized that I forgot to copy the private key out of .ssh that I use to connect to my AWS EBS backed instance. So I can't log in to my custom AMI. So I created a new Volume from the Snapshot of the AMI, then started up a public instance and attached the Volume to it, edit the sshd_config to allow for password log in. Unmounted the volume, detached it, made a snapshot of it, then made a new AMI from the snapshot. The new AMI launches, but never passes the Status Checks and is not reachable. What am I doing wrong? Or alternatively how can I fix my problem? Edit: Adding some of the console output Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 XENBUS: Timeout connecting to devices! Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(8,0)

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• Why does HP Update at remote system trigger RDP printing at local system?

  - by lcbrevard

  This is obscure. When connected with RDP to another system that has HP Update installed on it, either directly running the HP Update or having the notification pop up to ask if you want to run HP Update causes the local system to try to print something to peculiarly-chosen-local-printer. Case 1: Desktop Win 7 Ult system RDP connected to HP Laptop Win 7 Ult system. When HP Update runs on the laptop a dialog for XPS Writer Save As... appears on Desktop system. Even if you put in a name, nothing gets generated and the dialog repeats. And repeats. Until you (a) close the RDP connection and (b) clean out the queued entries. If the HP Update pops up the request to run the update and you are not at the desk when this happens, there can be dozens of queued requests for this bogus printing. NOTE: the XPS Writer is not selected as a default printer on either system. Case 2: (Different) HP Laptop Win 7 Ult system RDP connected to XP Pro "brand X" desktop system but with HP printer drivers installed. If the request to run HP Update notification pops on the XP system, dozens of attempts to print, in this case to a Versa Check Printer driver, are queued. Dismissing the HP request, closing RDP, and cleaning out the queue are required to stop this. NOTE: the Versa Check Writer is not selected as a default printer on either system. THE QUESTION: What the heck is going on here? Some kind of scripting or COM activity that is misdirected?

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• Ngix rewrite is not working as expected

  - by SamFisher83

  I am trying to learn how to use nginx and how to use its rewrite functionality Nginx seems to be doing the rewrite: 2012/03/27 16:30:26 [notice] 16216#0: *3 "foo.php" matches "/foo.php", client: 61.90.22.223, server: localhost, request: "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1", host: "domain.com" 2012/03/27 16:30:26 [notice] 16216#0: *3 rewritten data: "img.php", args: "", client: 61.90.22.223, server: localhost, request: "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1", host: "domain.com" but in my access log I am getting the following: 61.90.22.223 - - [27/Mar/2012:16:26:54 +0000] "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1" 404 31 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0" 61.90.22.223 - - [27/Mar/2012:16:30:26 +0000] "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1" 404 31 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0" There is an img.php in the root directory so I am not sure why I am getting a 404 error Here is part of the configuration block: rewrite foo.php img.php last; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /\.ht { deny all; }

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• A very peculiar problem with an old pc and a newer laptop...

  - by user553492

  I got my old pc ( 248mb ram , 80 GB ) repaired and the tech people put XP in it .My newer laptop has UBUNTU 10.04 .now I only have one cable and one usb cord .So I connected my modem (with only one CAT5 port and 4 usb ports ) to laptop with CAT5 cable .Th internet is working fine . I also wanted to use net on older pc so I installed the usb drivers for win and it worked. But I got fed up of win xp and made a separate partition for FreeBSD which I planned to install .During the install I screwd up sumthing and now freebsd starts with a boot option with a ? mark in place of win xp .If I click on that it gives me a "NTLDR missing " msg. I tried connecting CAT5 cable between old and new pc and tried connecting my laptop with USB cable but nothing happend and then I realozed the modem doesnt have a WORKING usb driver for LINUX :( .FCUK ! .Freebsd doesnt` even detect the LAN cable if I use it for old pc . So basically I have a old pc that has FREEBSD which I can olny start and stare at the blank terminal console but works perfectly otherwise .FREEBSD was supposed to detect the LAN cable ??.And I have a laptop that has LINUX which only works if I connect it with a CAT5 cable .wtf . So what can I do with my old pc ??? any local server (if possible :( ) or some such thing ? or can u suggest any use .Im 18 and im into learning programming , coding .So I can practice it .Thankx !

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• Bonnie does not provide speed for Sequential Input / Block

  - by Lqp1

  I'm using ProxmoxVE and I would like to run some benchmarks regarding performances of this product. One of these benchmarks is bonnie++ ; it runs very well in a VM (qemu-kvm) but when I run it in a conainer (openVZ), it does not provide me reading speed (only writing). I don't understand why... Does anyone know what's happenning ? VMs ans Containers are Debian 7.4. Here's the output of bonnie in the container: root@ct2:/# bonnie++ -u root Using uid:0, gid:0. Writing a byte at a time...done Writing intelligently...done Rewriting...done Reading a byte at a time...done Reading intelligently...done start 'em...done...done...done...done...done... Create files in sequential order...done. Stat files in sequential order...done. Delete files in sequential order...done. Create files in random order...done. Stat files in random order...done. Delete files in random order...done. Version 1.96 ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- Concurrency 1 -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP ct2 1G 843 99 59116 8 60351 4 4966 99 +++++ +++ 2745 8 Latency 9558us 3582ms 527ms 1672us 936us 5248us Version 1.96 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- ct2 -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ Latency 19567us 358us 368us 107us 59us 25us 1.96,1.96,ct2,1,1401810323,1G,,843,99,59116,8,60351,4,4966,99,+++++,+++,2745,8,16,,,,,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,9558us,3582ms,527ms,1672us,936us,5248us,19567us,358us,368us,107us,59us,25us The filesystem for / is of type "simfs", which is a pseudo filesystem for openVZ. Maybe it's related to this issue but I can't find anyone with the same issue with bonnie and openVZ... Thanks for your help. Regards, Thomas.

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• How to always show titles on Windows 7 Taskbar thumbail preview?

  - by Cooper

  I often use the Win+n shortcuts to 'alt-tab' between windows of pinned application (i.e. Win+2 to basically 'alt-tab' multiple putty windows, where putty is pinned as app #2 on the taskbar). The Win+n always pops up the thumbnail previews of all the windows, but sometimes it shows window titles above the thumbnail, sometimes it doesn't. Is there any way to always show the titles (i.e. registry setting?)? For putty sessions this would be especially nice, as the title contains the hostname, and the thumbnail is too small to determine what host that window is for. I've noticed that the titles usually show up with there are more than ~4-6 windows of that pinned item open - but the number seems to vary - is there a threshold setting for this? Update: So I just noticed the titles show up whenever the taskbar buttons combine, which varies based on how many windows from other apps are open... So I'm now looking for a way to combine buttons (but I'd like to keep labels, so the options in the 'Taskbar and Start Menu Properties' are close, but probably finding the registry settings behind should do it.

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• Vmware player change dhcp server settings

  - by Tathagata

  I have a Windows Server 2003 running from a Vmware player on Win 7 box. The idea is to test Windows Deployment service in the virtual network. Is it possible to configure the vmware dhcp server with WDS related stuff(option 66, 67)? I found a few references where people were using the vnetlib.exe to start, stop the dhcp serverchange the subnet mask etc - but there's no info on how to get set the dhcp server options. DHCP config from the virtual network editor I do have the Workstation, without the license for it. In the Virtual network Editor, the DHCP settings for the network I'm using, only allows me to set the subnetmask, IP ranges and stuff like that. But not the dhcp options. DHCP server on the WDS server Authorizing the DHCP server in the guest WDS server fails. The VMware player can run its own dhcp server fro the virtual network with out any authorization from the Active directory - can I do the same, with Win dhcp server in the guest Win Server? ~~~~~ Can I authorize W2K8 DHCP server for private network, even when prohibited in enterprise network? says we have to run a third party dhcp server... :/.

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• Network switches for LAN party

  - by guywhoneedsahand

  I am working on setting up the network for a small LAN party (less than 16 people). Most of them do not have wireless cards in their rigs, so I need to set up some way for everyone to a) play LAN games and b) access the internet. The LAN party will probably take place in my basement, where I have enough space. However, the basement is not wired up with the router which is actually on the floor above. I make a cantenna a while back that can boost the wireless performance of my computer significantly. How can I use this to provide internet and LAN to guests? My hope was that I could use a switch like this http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16833181166 for the LAN - but how can I give people access to the internet? Is there such thing as a network extender / 16-port switch? Obviously, the internet performance doesn't need to be super stellar, because the games will be using LAN - so I am looking to provide some usable internet for web browsing, and very high speed LAN for games. Thanks!

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• ActiveMQ Configuration with KahaDB

  - by xeraa

  We are using ActiveMQ 5.6.0 with KahaDB. It has produced quite some log files, which is to be expected with our infrastructure, looking like this: $ ll -h /opt/activemq/data/kahadb/ total 969M drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 12:47 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 activemq activemq 4.0K Sep 24 12:12 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39M Oct 16 07:57 db-202.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38M Oct 16 07:57 db-203.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33M Oct 17 08:12 db-238.log ... No more messages were processed, when we ran into the 1GB temp usage limit. Or that's what we are assuming, is that correct? The configuration looks like this: <systemUsage> <systemUsage> <memoryUsage> <memoryUsage limit="512mb"/> </memoryUsage> <storeUsage> <storeUsage limit="3 gb"/> </storeUsage> <tempUsage> <tempUsage limit="1 gb"/> </tempUsage> </systemUsage> </systemUsage> After cleaning up the log files and being way below the limits, still no messages were consumed by AMQ. Only when we manually purged a route, messages were starting to be delivered again. So we need to ensure, that the KahaDB log size always stays below the temp usage, right? And that delivery was not picked up after fixing that is a bug or are there any other steps to be taken?

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• WIN7 constant BSOD 0x7B on boot, not producing any dump files where to go from here?

  - by prayingpantis

  So my one win 7 pc has been getting a BSOD on boot (roughly a sec after load screen starts) after a power failure. The complete stop code is 0x0000007B (0x80786B58, 0xC0000034,0x00000000,0x00000000) I've searched for quite a while now on the net and it seems like most people gave up after gettting 0x7B and no dump files. What I've tried so far: startup repair - reports it cannot repair computer automatically. BadPatch is reported somewhere in a problem signature contained in the problem details. startup repair with a WIN 7 CD - also fails, I can't recall what the error was, but it was not the same as the error produced with the start up tool shipped with the version of WIN 7 installed on my machine (I think the text had something ACL-ish contained in it) used a boot disk (Hiren's boot iso) - I used it to enable the CrashDump registry key and then after BSOD, read the HDD's dump locations but it was empty. Note, I'm quite sure the registry keys I edited are the correct ones, since the reboot on BSOD option was enabled by default and after I changed the regkey controlling this functionalitty to 0 the BSOD stayed after I booted again. check disk - works and returns no problems, also it seems I'm able to access all my files on the HDD. mem test - works and returns no errors So I'm not sure what else I can do to figure out what is the problem here. I read somewhere that you can use WINDBG to remote debug another PC, but I'm not sure if this is possible since the OS isn't even loaded yet? Also the last driver change I made on the system was installing a video driver, but I had no problems with it and were able to reboot several times until the power outage happened and the BSOD appeared. Any help or guidance for a way to DEBUG this problem would really be appreciated (I'm not really that keen to try a whole bunch of random fixes, I'd rather try and narrow down the problem first).

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• Prevent Linux from processing incoming ICMP Host unreachable packets

  - by bbc

  I have a test setup with one host on a network (10.1.0.0/16) talking via TCP to another one on another network (10.2.0.0/16) and a gateway in the middle. Sometimes, the TCP connection is lost and while scanning the trace (pcap), I looks like it's because of just one ICMP Host unreachable message sent by the gateway to 10.1.0.1 at some point. 10.1.0.1 then sends a TCP RST to 10.2.0.1. In my opinion, the gateway (pfSense) is broken or not configured correctly but anyway, for testing purposes, I'd like to block this kind of ICMP on the host (10.1.0.1) before it has an influence on my TCP connection (or does it? I'm not even sure). I've tried iptables: iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp --icmp-type host-unreachable -j DROP but while it does a good job at preventing userpace applications like ping from receiving these ICMP messages, my TCP connection still comes to an end when the alleged "killer ICMP packet" is sent by the gateway. Am I right about how it is processed? If yes, then what can I do to achieve my goal?

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• Windows Server 2008 IIS Random disconnect

  - by d123

  I am having a bit of a quirk with my IIS server. I'm running my IIS with 2 sets of IPs configured, one in the 192 range and the other in 172 range. I then have multiple apps which will talk to this server for information. Server has no AV or firewalls configured. I noticed that my apps when talking to the server on the 172 range, at random intervals, the server would just not respond. My apps would then disconnect and just try again, and every thing would be fine. This doesn't happen on the 192 range. So what I did is on a Linux box I did a watch command and to wget a file every half second on the 172 and 192 IPs. I noticed the same issue, every once in awhile wget on the 172 range would not get through, but there is no issues at all on 192. Thus I went around to Wireshark and did a dump. This is the last 3 packets, no other packets were received. 7010 100.871877 200.100.30.7 172.0.0.1 TCP 59619 http [ACK] Seq=140 Ack=85242 Win=64128 Len=0 TSV=1072818795 TSER=1660246133 7011 100.872238 200.100.30.7 172.0.0.1 TCP 59619 http [FIN, ACK] Seq=140 Ack=85242 Win=64128 Len=0 TSV=1072818796 TSER=1660246133 7013 100.873081 200.100.30.7 172.0.0.1 TCP 59619 http [ACK] Seq=141 Ack=85243 Win=64128 Len=0 TSV=1072818796 TSER=1660246133 So this is my issue, there is a random disconnect every once in awhile. The server doesn't receive the next SYN packet. HELP?

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• ms excel 2010 in windows xp - when open workbook the data is formatted differently than when i saved it

  - by Justin

  I haven't been able to find an answer to this. I have multiple files that I use regularly in excel that now have cell formats of "date". Every single cell in the entire workbook (all sheets) is now formatted as "date". The problem is that I lost my formatting for percents, numbers years, etc and now everything is converted to date (xx/xx/xxxx). I am able to open previously saved versions of a file (prior to me having the problem) and the cells are formatted as I intend them to be (percents, numbers, general, as well as dates). Since this has happened on a couple different files recently, I am wondering how this is happening and how do I prevent it from happening in the future. I cannot cure the problem just by highlighting the entire sheet and converting back to general because I lose all my percents and number formatting. Example (Correct formatting): Month Year Working Days MTD POS Curr Rem May 2012 22 0 1,553,549 June 2012 22 0 1,516,903 June 2011 22 0 1,555,512 June 2010 22 0 1,584,704 Example (Incorrect formatting): Month Year Working Days MTD POS Curr Rem June Tuesday, July 04, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Wednesday, January 18, 1900 213,320 July Tuesday, July 04, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Monday, January 16, 1900 314,261 July Monday, July 03, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Sunday, January 15, 1900 447,759 July Sunday, July 02, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Monday, January 16, 1900 321,952 Sorry for the mess. Any suggestions?

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• XFS: No space left on device

  - by beketa

  I am using XFS on small HDD (/dev/sdb1, less than 1TB) and storing many small files (-32KB). df -h and -i show that it has available space. # df -hv Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 127G 19G 102G 16% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 16G 168K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 20M 75M 21% /boot /dev/sdb1 136G 123G 14G 91% /mnt/sdb1 # df -iv Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda3 8421376 36199 8385177 1% / tmpfs 4126158 5 4126153 1% /lib/init/rw udev 4124934 671 4124263 1% /dev tmpfs 4126158 1 4126157 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 26112 222 25890 1% /boot /dev/sdb1 24905120 11076608 13828512 45% /mnt/sdb1 However I got No space left on device error. # touch /mnt/sdb1/test touch: cannot touch `/mnt/sdb1/test': No space left on device I think inode64 issue is not related to this case because drive is less than 1TB and df -i shows that there are free inodes. I unmounted and mounted with -o inode64 but got the same error. xfs_repair does not report any problem. xfs_info shows drive information as follows. # xfs_info /dev/sdb1 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=1024 agcount=16, agsize=2227764 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2 data = bsize=4096 blocks=35644210, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=17404, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Apache Proxy Error AH00920 and AH01206

  - by Aptos

  I ran into this problem when trying to enable proxy function on apache http: My httpd.conf LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so <VirtualHost localhost:57173> ServerName localhost <Location /balancer-manager> SetHandler balancer-manager Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from localhost </Location> <Proxy balancer://mycluster> BalancerMember http://localhost:9999 BalancerMember http://localhost:9998 status=+H </Proxy> <Proxy *> Order Allow,Deny Allow From All </Proxy> ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyPass /balancer-manager ! ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/ ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:9999/ ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:9998/ </VirtualHost> When I check the log: [Sat Oct 27 00:16:24.506220 2012] [proxy:crit] [pid 3153] (13)Permission denied: AH00920: Failed to reopen mutex balancer://mycluster in child [Sat Oct 27 00:16:24.506407 2012] [proxy_balancer:crit] [pid 3152] (13)Permission denied: AH01206: Failed to init balancer balancer://mycluster in child Can someone please help me :( I tri googling it but there was no answer for this problem. Thank you very much

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• ASA 5505 VPN setup. VPN works but still unable to reach devices in the inside network.

  - by chickenloop

  I've setup a Remote Access VPN on my Cisco ASA 5505. I'm able to connect to my ASA via my phone or the Cisco client, but I'm unable to reach devices in my inside LAN when connected via VPN. The setup is the following: Inside Network : 10.0.0.0/24 VPN_POOL: 172.16.0.0/24 Outside Network: 192.168.1.0/24 ASA is not the perimeter router, there is another device on the 192.168.1.0/24 network which is connected to my cable provider. Obviously UDP port 500 and 4500 are forwarded to the ASA's outside interface. Everything works perfectly, besides the VPN stuff. Config: interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0 interface Vlan2 description Outside Interface nameif outside security-level 0 address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 object network VPNPOOL subnet 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 object network INSIDE_LAN subnet 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 Then the exempt NAT rule. nat (inside,outside) source static INSIDE_LAN INSIDE_LAN destination static VPNPOOL VPNPOOL I don't think that the problem is with the VPN config, as I can successfully establish the VPN connection, but just in case I post it here: group-policy ZSOCA_ASA internal group-policy ZSOCA_ASA attributes vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev1 split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value Split-Tunnel default-domain value default.domain.invalid tunnel-group ZSOCA_ASA type remote-access tunnel-group ZSOCA_ASA general-attributes address-pool VPNPOOL default-group-policy ZSOCA_ASA tunnel-group ZSOCA_ASA ipsec-attributes ikev1 pre-shared-key ***** Any ideas are welcome. Regards.

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• Failed Software RAID0 on Linux - Attempting to recover data

  - by Gizmo_the_Great

  I have a two disk RAID0 software raid (not hardware raid) that is reported to have failed during boot and my OS won't start. Using a Live CD, I get the following output : sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 3710713d:fb301031:84b61247:d1d53e0f Name : HP-xw9300:0 Creation Time : Sun Sep 1 15:22:26 2013 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Avail Dev Size : 1465145328 (698.64 GiB 750.15 GB) Data Offset : 16 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : active Device UUID : ad427cd2:9f885f57:7f41015f:90f8f6af Update Time : Sun Jun 8 12:35:11 2014 Checksum : a37407ff - correct Events : 1 Device Role : spare Array State : ('A' == active, '.' == missing) /dev/sdd1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 3710713d:fb301031:84b61247:d1d53e0f Name : HP-xw9300:0 Creation Time : Sun Sep 1 15:22:26 2013 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Avail Dev Size : 976771056 (465.76 GiB 500.11 GB) Data Offset : 16 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : active Device UUID : 2ea0199d:cb08d9e7:0830448a:a1e1e348 Update Time : Sun Jun 8 13:06:19 2014 Checksum : 8883c492 - correct Events : 1 Device Role : spare Array State : ('A' == active, '.' == missing) GParted lists both disks, detects the flags as 'Raid' and lists the data usage. Can anyone please help me re-assemble just so that I can copy some of the data off that I have not backed up recently? Thanks

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• Cheated!! Please help

  - by Rohit K

  I was experiencing some hard disk problem with my HP laptop. It showed at bootup as system diagnostics are run -- Smart Drive attribute failed. Also i repeatedly got a warning for imminent hard drive failure and thus to back up my data. So i gave my laptop to authorized HP service center for repair. They formatted my hard disk and installed a pirated copy of Win 7 Ultimate (i earlier had genuine Win 7 Home Premium running on my laptop) and they told me they cover out-of-warranty issues and even charged me for it. What's worse is that the hard drive problem is still present and all i am left with is an illegal copy of windows which i think also voids my warranty. What should i do? I mean i did purchase a genuine Windows with my laptop, so there must be some way to reinstall it even when i don't have a genuine copy now on my machine. Can't i get legit keys to reinstall Win 7 from Microsoft because i did pay for the software when i purchased my machine. And if that's not possible, how can i claim warranty and get my hard disk replaced by HP?

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• strange Kernel Process Threads taking over my AIX box....

  - by Paul

  When I check the Running Stats of my box I get the following: CPU User% Kern% Wait% Idle% Physc 0 37.5 57.4 0.0 5.1 0.01 2 0.0 18.3 0.0 81.7 0.00 3 0.0 22.5 0.0 77.5 0.00 4 0.0 17.0 0.0 83.0 0.00 5 0.0 20.5 0.0 79.5 0.00 6 0.0 33.7 0.0 66.3 0.00 7 0.0 4.4 0.0 95.6 0.00 8 0.0 19.3 0.0 80.7 0.00 9 0.0 22.3 0.0 77.7 0.00 10 0.0 19.2 0.0 80.8 0.00 1 0.0 1.3 0.0 98.7 0.00 11 0.0 21.8 0.0 78.2 0.00 21 0.0 62.9 0.0 37.1 0.00 12 0.0 21.1 0.0 78.9 0.00 13 0.0 22.7 0.0 77.3 0.00 14 0.0 18.1 0.0 81.9 0.00 15 0.0 21.2 0.0 78.8 0.00 16 0.0 19.1 0.0 80.9 0.00 The Kern% seems high to me and I cannot find a reason for this much Kernel activity.... Doing a deep dive into what User processes are doing I find nothing with significant CPU utilization even though TOPAS and SAR both show the same thing.... One CPU with 30-60 % user and every processor with 5-30% Kernel % utilization... What is my box doing??? here is a second sample of CPU % from TOPAS CPU User% Kern% Wait% Idle% Physc 0 67.8 31.4 0.1 0.7 0.14 2 0.0 18.2 0.0 81.8 0.00 3 0.0 20.3 0.0 79.7 0.00 4 0.0 17.3 0.0 82.7 0.00 5 0.0 20.7 0.0 79.3 0.00 6 0.0 39.2 0.0 60.8 0.00 7 0.0 5.0 0.0 95.0 0.00 8 0.0 17.9 0.0 82.1 0.00 9 0.0 22.0 0.0 78.0 0.00 10 0.0 18.0 0.0 82.0 0.00 1 0.0 0.7 0.0 99.3 0.02 11 0.0 21.7 0.0 78.3 0.00 21 0.0 21.7 0.0 78.3 0.00 12 0.0 17.0 0.0 83.0 0.00 13 0.0 21.1 0.0 78.9 0.00 14 0.0 17.8 0.0 82.2 0.00 15 0.0 21.8 0.0 78.2 0.00 16 0.0 17.6 0.0 82.4 0.00 Any ideas to help identify what is running in the Kernel Space would be great....

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• apt unable to install particular version of package (but gives no error)

  - by Arc2009

  I'd like to install particular version of libstd++6 with following command: # apt-get install libstdc++6=4.9.0-8 -V Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libstdc++6 (4.8.2-16) 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 216 not upgraded. It gives no error, but apt keeps version that was already installed. And also it refers to this package as "extra". There's no apt preferences set in /etc/apt/preferences.d. And the desirable version is definetely available through our local mirror. (If I try to run "apt-get download libstdc++6=4.9.0-8" it will download exactly desirable version.) System info: # cat /etc/issue.net "Debian GNU/Linux jessie/sid" # uname -a Linux www27 3.13-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.13.7-1 (2014-03-25) x86_64 GNU/Linux. # dpkg -l |egrep -i "apt|dpkg" ii apt 0.9.16.1 amd64 commandline package manager ii dpkg 1.17.6 amd64 Debian package management system Any suggestions?

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• Streaming desktop with avconv - severe sound issues

  - by Tommy Brunn

  I'm trying to do some live streaming in Ubuntu 12.10, but I'm having some problems with audio. More specifically, the quality is complete garbage and it's at least 10 seconds out of sync with the video. I'm using an excellent guide found here to set up my loopback devices so that I can combine the desktop audio with the microphone input. It seems to work, as I'm able to stream both audio and video to Twitch.tv. But, as I said, the audio quality is terrible. The microphone audio is very, very low, but if I increase it, I get a horrible garbled sound that is absolutely unbearable. Nothing like that is present during VoIP calls or when recording sound alone with the sound recorder, so it's not an issue with the microphone itself. The entire audio stream is also delayed about 10-15 seconds compared to the video stream. I put together an imgur album of my settings. Here is some example output from when I'm streaming: avconv version 0.8.4-6:0.8.4-0ubuntu0.12.10.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Nov 6 2012 16:51:11 with gcc 4.7.2 [x11grab @ 0x162fd80] device: :0.0+570,262 -> display: :0.0 x: 570 y: 262 width: 1280 height: 720 [x11grab @ 0x162fd80] shared memory extension found [x11grab @ 0x162fd80] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate Input #0, x11grab, from ':0.0+570,262': Duration: N/A, start: 1353181686.735113, bitrate: 884736 kb/s Stream #0.0: Video: rawvideo, bgra, 1280x720, 884736 kb/s, 30 tbr, 1000k tbn, 30 tbc [alsa @ 0x163fce0] capture with some ALSA plugins, especially dsnoop, may hang. [alsa @ 0x163fce0] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate Input #1, alsa, from 'pulse': Duration: N/A, start: 1353181686.773841, bitrate: N/A Stream #1.0: Audio: pcm_s16le, 48000 Hz, 2 channels, s16, 1536 kb/s Incompatible pixel format 'bgra' for codec 'libx264', auto-selecting format 'yuv420p' [buffer @ 0x1641ec0] w:1280 h:720 pixfmt:bgra [scale @ 0x1642480] w:1280 h:720 fmt:bgra -> w:852 h:480 fmt:yuv420p flags:0x4 [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] VBV maxrate unspecified, assuming CBR [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 FastShuffle SSE4.2 [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] profile Main, level 3.1 [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] 264 - core 123 r2189 35cf912 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2012 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=2 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x1:0x111 me=hex subme=6 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=0 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=0 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=4 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=0 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=0 open_gop=1 weightp=1 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=30 rc=cbr mbtree=1 bitrate=712 ratetol=1.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 vbv_maxrate=712 vbv_bufsize=512 nal_hrd=none ip_ratio=1.25 aq=1:1.00 Output #0, flv, to 'rtmp://live.justin.tv/app/live_23011330_Pt1plSRM0z5WVNJ0QmCHvTPmpUnfC4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.21.0 Stream #0.0: Video: libx264, yuv420p, 852x480, q=-1--1, 712 kb/s, 1k tbn, 30 tbc Stream #0.1: Audio: libmp3lame, 44100 Hz, 2 channels, s16, 712 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (rawvideo -> libx264) Stream #1:0 -> #0:1 (pcm_s16le -> libmp3lame) Press ctrl-c to stop encoding frame= 17 fps= 0 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=10000000000.00 bitrate= 0.0kbitframe= 32 fps= 31 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=10000000000.00 bitrate= 0.0kbitframe= 40 fps= 23 q=29.0 size= 44kB time=0.03 bitrate=13786.2kbits/s dup=frame= 47 fps= 21 q=31.0 size= 93kB time=2.73 bitrate= 277.7kbits/s dup=0frame= 62 fps= 23 q=29.0 size= 160kB time=3.23 bitrate= 406.2kbits/s dup=0frame= 77 fps= 24 q=23.0 size= 209kB time=3.71 bitrate= 462.5kbits/s dup=0frame= 92 fps= 25 q=20.0 size= 267kB time=4.91 bitrate= 445.2kbits/s dup=0frame= 107 fps= 25 q=20.0 size= 318kB time=5.41 bitrate= 482.1kbits/s dup=0frame= 123 fps= 26 q=18.0 size= 368kB time=5.96 bitrate= 505.7kbits/s dup=0frame= 139 fps= 26 q=16.0 size= 419kB time=6.48 bitrate= 529.7kbits/s dup=0frame= 155 fps= 27 q=15.0 size= 473kB time=7.00 bitrate= 553.6kbits/s dup=0frame= 170 fps= 27 q=14.0 size= 525kB time=7.52 bitrate= 571.7kbits/s dup=0 frame= 180 fps= 25 q=-1.0 Lsize= 652kB time=7.97 bitrate= 670.0kbits/s dup=0 drop=32 //Here I stop the streaming video:531kB audio:112kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 1.345945% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] frame I:1 Avg QP:30.43 size: 39748 [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] frame P:45 Avg QP:11.37 size: 11110 [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] frame B:134 Avg QP:15.93 size: 27 [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] consecutive B-frames: 0.6% 0.0% 1.7% 97.8% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] mb I I16..4: 7.3% 0.0% 92.7% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] mb P I16..4: 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% P16..4: 49.1% 1.2% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% skip:47.4% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] mb B I16..4: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% B16..8: 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% direct: 0.0% skip:99.9% L0:42.5% L1:56.9% BI: 0.6% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 82.3% 87.4% 71.9% inter: 7.1% 8.4% 7.0% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] i16 v,h,dc,p: 27% 29% 16% 28% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 22% 21% 14% 8% 8% 8% 7% 5% 7% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] i8c dc,h,v,p: 47% 22% 20% 11% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] ref P L0: 96.4% 3.6% [libx264 @ 0x165ae80] kb/s:474.19 Received signal 2: terminating. Any ideas on how I can resolve this? The video delay is perfectly acceptable, so I wouldn't think that it's a network issue that's causing the delay in the audio. Any help would be appreciated.

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• How do I set the encoding statement in the XML declaration when performing an XSL transformation usi

  - by aspiehler

  I wrote a simple package installer in WinBatch that needs to update an XML file with information about the package contents. My first stab at it involved loading the file with Msxml2.DOMDocument, adding nodes and data as required, then saving the data back to disk. This worked well enough, except that it would not create tab and CR/LF whitespace in the new data. The solution I came up with was writing an XSL stylesheet that would recreate the XML file with whitespace added back in. I'm doing this by: loading the XSL file into an Msxml2.FreeThreadedDOMDocument object setting that object as the stylesheet property of an Msxml2.XSLTemplate object creating an XSL processor via Msxml2.XSLTemplate.createProcessor() setting my original Msxml2.DOMDocument as the input property of the XSL processor Calling transform() method of the XSL processor, and saving the output to a file. This works as for as reformatting the XML file with tabs and carriage returns, but my XML declaration comes out either as <?xml version="1.0"?> or <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?> depending on whether I used Msxml2.*.6.0 or Msxml2.* objects (a fall back if the system doesn't have 6.0). If the encoding is set to UTF-16, Msxml12.DOMDocument complains about trying to convert UTF-16 to 1-byte encoding the next time I run my package installer. I've tried creating and adding an XML declaration using both createProcessingInstruction() to both the XML and XSL DOM objects, but neither one seems to affect the output of the XSLTemplate processor. I've also set encoding to UTF-8 in the <xsl:output/> tag in my XSL file. Here is the relevant code in my Winbatch script: xmlDoc = ObjectCreate("Msxml2.DOMDocument.6.0") if !xmlDoc then xmlDoc = ObjectCreate("Msxml2.DOMDocument") xmlDoc.async = @FALSE xmlDoc.validateOnParse = @TRUE xmlDoc.resolveExternals = @TRUE xmlDoc.preserveWhiteSpace = @TRUE xmlDoc.setProperty("SelectionLanguge", "XPath") xmlDoc.setProperty("SelectionNamespaces", "xmlns:fns='http://www.abc.com/f_namespace'") xmlDoc.load(xml_file_path) xslStyleSheet = ObjectCreate("Msxml2.FreeThreadedDOMDocument.6.0") if !xslStyleSheet then xslStyleSheet = ObjectCreate("Msxml2.FreeThreadedDOMDocument") xslStyleSheet.async = @FALSE xslStyleSheet.validateOnParse = @TRUE xslStyleSheet.load(xsl_style_sheet_path) xslTemplate = ObjectCreate("Msxml2.XSLTemplate.6.0") if !xslTemplate then xslTemplate = ObjectCreate("Msxml2.XSLTemplate") xslTemplate.stylesheet = xslStyleSheet processor = xslTemplate.createProcessor() processor.input = xmlDoc processor.transform() ; create a new file and write the XML processor output to it fh = FileOpen(output_file_path, "WRITE" , @FALSE) FileWrite(fh, processor.output) FileClose(fh) The style sheet, with some slight changes to protect the innocent: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.1"> <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" encoding="UTF-8"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <fns:test_station xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:fns="http://www.abc.com/f_namespace"> <xsl:for-each select="/fns:test_station/identification"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <identification> <xsl:for-each select="./*"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <xsl:copy-of select="."/> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> </identification> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:for-each select="/fns:test_station/software"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <software> <xsl:for-each select="./package"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <package> <xsl:for-each select="./*"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <xsl:copy-of select="."/> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> </package> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> </software> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:for-each select="/fns:test_station/calibration"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <calibration> <xsl:for-each select="./item"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <item> <xsl:for-each select="./*"> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> <xsl:copy-of select="."/> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> </item> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:text>&#x0A; </xsl:text> </calibration> </xsl:for-each> </fns:test_station> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> And this is a sample output file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?> <fns:test_station xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:fns="http://www.abc.com/f_namespace"> <software> <package> <part_number>123456789</part_number> <version>00</version> <test_category>1</test_category> <description>name of software package</description> <execution_path>c:\program files\test\test.exe</execution_path> <execution_arguments>arguments</execution_arguments> <crc_path>c:\ste_config\crc\123456789.lst</crc_path> <uninstall_path>c:\ste_config\uninstall\uninst_123456789.bat</uninstall_path> <install_timestamp>2009-11-09T14:00:44</install_timestamp> </package> </software> </fns:test_station>

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• Mercurial extensions not working in Windows 7 x64?

  - by Samuel Meacham

  We are test driving Mercurial at work. We don't want to have to enter our user/pass each time we interact with a repository, so we set up the mercurial_keyring extension. We: Installed Python 2.6.5 (32 or 64 bit, depending on the system) Installed setuptools (for easy_install.exe) easy_install keyring easy_install mercurial_keyring And then made the appropriate changes to %userprofile%/mercurial.ini in the [auth] section. It works fine on my colleague's computer (32bit xp sp3), but it does not work on my machine (Windows 7 Ultimate x64). Also noteworthy, the setuptools had to be built from source on Win 7 x64 (python setup.py bdist_wininst, then run the resulting setuptools-0.6c11.win-amd64.exe). Using just hg.exe from the Mercurial 1.5 binary installation (the .msi), I get this error when I run hg.exe: * failed to import extension mercurial_keyring: No module named mercurial_keyring I tried to change my mercurial.ini, to specify the path to the mercurial_keyring.py file, instead of having mercurial find it (since it's in the PYTHONPATH). Old: [extensions] mercurial_keyring = New: [extensions] mercurial_keyring = c:/mercurial/extensions/mercurial_keyring.py The error changes to: abort: could not import module keyring! So while providing the path to the mercurial_keyring extension works, the dependent keyring module still cannot be found. After further investigation, it appears that NO extensions work. They all produce the error: * failed to import extension [extension name]: No module named [module name] It appears that when running hg.exe, it is not aware of PYTHONPATH. I have tried: Python 2.6.5 32 bit Python 2.6.5 64 bit Building Mercurial 1.5 from source with MinGW Building Mercurial 1.5 from source with MSVC9 Using hg.exe from the 1.5 binary dist (.msi) Using the hg.py in c:\python26\scripts when building from source Various configurations in %userprofile%/mercurial.ini Using setuptools (easy_install.exe) to install keyring and mercurial_keyring Building keyring and mercurial_keyring from source (python setup.py bdist_wininst) Nothing works. The closest I've got is using hg.py when building from source. It at least doesn't give me errors, and actually creates %userprofile%/wincrypto_pass.cfg when I enter my credentials. But on subsequent requests, it doesn't enter the credentials automatically. It prompts me for them again. Interestingly, TortoiseHG is using the keyring. I just can't get it to work on the command line. I think something is going on with Win 7 x64 that is preventing mercurial (hg.exe) from seeing the PYTHONPATH, so it can't find any of the installed modules. Does anyone have extensions working in Win 7 x64? Specifically with the binary installation of mercurial (not hg.py)?

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• Java, server client TCP communication ends with RST

  - by Senne

  I'm trying to figure out if this is normal. Because without errors, a connection should be terminated by: FIN -> <- ACK <- FIN ACK -> I get this at the end of a TCP connection (over SSL, but i also get it with non-encrypted): From To 1494 server client TCP search-agent > 59185 [PSH, ACK] Seq=25974 Ack=49460 Win=63784 Len=50 1495 client server TCP 59185 > search-agent [ACK] Seq=49460 Ack=26024 Win=63565 Len=0 1496 client server TCP 59185 > search-agent [PSH, ACK] Seq=49460 Ack=26024 Win=63565 Len=23 1497 client server TCP 59185 > search-agent [FIN, ACK] Seq=49483 Ack=26024 Win=63565 Len=0 1498 server client TCP search-agent > 59185 [PSH, ACK] Seq=26024 Ack=49484 Win=63784 Len=23 1499 client server TCP 59185 > search-agent [RST, ACK] Seq=49484 Ack=26047 Win=0 Len=0 The client exits normally and reaches socket.close, shouldn't then the connection be shut down normally, without a reset? I can't find anything about the TCP streams of java on google... Here is my code: Server: package Security; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import javax.net.ServerSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.*; import java.util.*; public class SSLDemoServer { private static ServerSocket serverSocket; private static final int PORT = 1234; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { int received = 0; String returned; ObjectInputStream input = null; PrintWriter output = null; Socket client; System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStore", "key.keystore"); System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword", "vwpolo"); System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "key.keystore"); System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", "vwpolo"); try { System.out.println("Trying to set up server ..."); ServerSocketFactory factory = SSLServerSocketFactory.getDefault(); serverSocket = factory.createServerSocket(PORT); System.out.println("Server started!\n"); } catch (IOException ioEx) { System.out.println("Unable to set up port!"); ioEx.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } while(true) { client = serverSocket.accept(); System.out.println("Client trying to connect..."); try { System.out.println("Trying to create inputstream..."); input = new ObjectInputStream(client.getInputStream()); System.out.println("Trying to create outputstream..."); output = new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream(), true); System.out.println("Client successfully connected!"); while( true ) { received = input.readInt(); returned = Integer.toHexString(received); System.out.print(" " + received); output.println(returned.toUpperCase()); } } catch(SSLException sslEx) { System.out.println("Connection failed! (non-SSL connection?)\n"); client.close(); continue; } catch(EOFException eofEx) { System.out.println("\nEnd of client data.\n"); } catch(IOException ioEx) { System.out.println("I/O problem! (correct inputstream?)"); } try { input.close(); output.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } client.close(); System.out.println("Client closed.\n"); } } } Client: package Security; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import javax.net.ssl.*; import java.util.*; public class SSLDemoClient { private static InetAddress host; private static final int PORT = 1234; public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStore", "key.keystore"); System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword", "vwpolo"); System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "key.keystore"); System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", "vwpolo"); System.out.println("\nCreating SSL socket ..."); SSLSocket socket = null; try { host = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.56.101"); SSLSocketFactory factory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault(); socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, PORT); socket.startHandshake(); } catch(UnknownHostException uhEx) { System.out.println("\nHost ID not found!\n"); System.exit(1); } catch(SSLException sslEx) { System.out.println("\nHandshaking unsuccessful ..."); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("\nHandshaking succeeded ...\n"); SSLClientThread client = new SSLClientThread(socket); SSLReceiverThread receiver = new SSLReceiverThread(socket); client.start(); receiver.start(); try { client.join(); receiver.join(); System.out.println("Trying to close..."); socket.close(); } catch(InterruptedException iEx) { iEx.printStackTrace(); } catch(IOException ioEx) { ioEx.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("\nClient finished."); } } class SSLClientThread extends Thread { private SSLSocket socket; public SSLClientThread(SSLSocket s) { socket = s; } public void run() { try { ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); for( int i = 1; i < 1025; i++) { output.writeInt(i); sleep(10); output.flush(); } output.flush(); sleep(1000); output.close(); } catch(IOException ioEx) { System.out.println("Socket closed or unable to open socket."); } catch(InterruptedException iEx) { iEx.printStackTrace(); } } } class SSLReceiverThread extends Thread { private SSLSocket socket; public SSLReceiverThread(SSLSocket s) { socket = s; } public void run() { String response = null; BufferedReader input = null; try { input = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); try { response = input.readLine(); while(!response.equals(null)) { System.out.print(response + " "); response = input.readLine(); } } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("\nEnd of server data.\n"); } input.close(); } catch(IOException ioEx) { ioEx.printStackTrace(); } } }

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• What is the fastest cyclic synchronization in Java (ExecutorService vs. CyclicBarrier vs. X)?

  - by Alex Dunlop

  Which Java synchronization construct is likely to provide the best performance for a concurrent, iterative processing scenario with a fixed number of threads like the one outlined below? After experimenting on my own for a while (using ExecutorService and CyclicBarrier) and being somewhat surprised by the results, I would be grateful for some expert advice and maybe some new ideas. Existing questions here do not seem to focus primarily on performance, hence this new one. Thanks in advance! The core of the app is a simple iterative data processing algorithm, parallelized to the spread the computational load across 8 cores on a Mac Pro, running OS X 10.6 and Java 1.6.0_07. The data to be processed is split into 8 blocks and each block is fed to a Runnable to be executed by one of a fixed number of threads. Parallelizing the algorithm was fairly straightforward, and it functionally works as desired, but its performance is not yet what I think it could be. The app seems to spend a lot of time in system calls synchronizing, so after some profiling I wonder whether I selected the most appropriate synchronization mechanism(s). A key requirement of the algorithm is that it needs to proceed in stages, so the threads need to sync up at the end of each stage. The main thread prepares the work (very low overhead), passes it to the threads, lets them work on it, then proceeds when all threads are done, rearranges the work (again very low overhead) and repeats the cycle. The machine is dedicated to this task, Garbage Collection is minimized by using per-thread pools of pre-allocated items, and the number of threads can be fixed (no incoming requests or the like, just one thread per CPU core). V1 - ExecutorService My first implementation used an ExecutorService with 8 worker threads. The program creates 8 tasks holding the work and then lets them work on it, roughly like this: // create one thread per CPU executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool( 8 ); ... // now process data in cycles while( ...) { // package data into 8 work items ... // create one Callable task per work item ... // submit the Callables to the worker threads executorService.invokeAll( taskList ); } This works well functionally (it does what it should), and for very large work items indeed all 8 CPUs become highly loaded, as much as the processing algorithm would be expected to allow (some work items will finish faster than others, then idle). However, as the work items become smaller (and this is not really under the program's control), the user CPU load shrinks dramatically: blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.8% 85% 1.30 64k 2.5% 77% 5.6 16k 4% 64% 22.5 4096 8% 56% 86 1024 13% 38% 227 256 17% 19% 420 64 19% 17% 948 16 19% 13% 1626 Legend: - block size = size of the work item (= computational steps) - system = system load, as shown in OS X Activity Monitor (red bar) - user = user load, as shown in OS X Activity Monitor (green bar) - cycles/sec = iterations through the main while loop, more is better The primary area of concern here is the high percentage of time spent in the system, which appears to be driven by thread synchronization calls. As expected, for smaller work items, ExecutorService.invokeAll() will require relatively more effort to sync up the threads versus the amount of work being performed in each thread. But since ExecutorService is more generic than it would need to be for this use case (it can queue tasks for threads if there are more tasks than cores), I though maybe there would be a leaner synchronization construct. V2 - CyclicBarrier The next implementation used a CyclicBarrier to sync up the threads before receiving work and after completing it, roughly as follows: main() { // create the barrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier( 8 + 1 ); // create Runable for thread, tell it about the barrier Runnable task = new WorkerThreadRunnable( barrier ); // start the threads for( int i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) { // create one thread per core new Thread( task ).start(); } while( ... ) { // tell threads about the work ... // N threads + this will call await(), then system proceeds barrier.await(); // ... now worker threads work on the work... // wait for worker threads to finish barrier.await(); } } class WorkerThreadRunnable implements Runnable { CyclicBarrier barrier; WorkerThreadRunnable( CyclicBarrier barrier ) { this.barrier = barrier; } public void run() { while( true ) { // wait for work barrier.await(); // do the work ... // wait for everyone else to finish barrier.await(); } } } Again, this works well functionally (it does what it should), and for very large work items indeed all 8 CPUs become highly loaded, as before. However, as the work items become smaller, the load still shrinks dramatically: blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.9% 85% 1.30 64k 2.7% 78% 6.1 16k 5.5% 52% 25 4096 9% 29% 64 1024 11% 15% 117 256 12% 8% 169 64 12% 6.5% 285 16 12% 6% 377 For large work items, synchronization is negligible and the performance is identical to V1. But unexpectedly, the results of the (highly specialized) CyclicBarrier seem MUCH WORSE than those for the (generic) ExecutorService: throughput (cycles/sec) is only about 1/4th of V1. A preliminary conclusion would be that even though this seems to be the advertised ideal use case for CyclicBarrier, it performs much worse than the generic ExecutorService. V3 - Wait/Notify + CyclicBarrier It seemed worth a try to replace the first cyclic barrier await() with a simple wait/notify mechanism: main() { // create the barrier // create Runable for thread, tell it about the barrier // start the threads while( ... ) { // tell threads about the work // for each: workerThreadRunnable.setWorkItem( ... ); // ... now worker threads work on the work... // wait for worker threads to finish barrier.await(); } } class WorkerThreadRunnable implements Runnable { CyclicBarrier barrier; @NotNull volatile private Callable<Integer> workItem; WorkerThreadRunnable( CyclicBarrier barrier ) { this.barrier = barrier; this.workItem = NO_WORK; } final protected void setWorkItem( @NotNull final Callable<Integer> callable ) { synchronized( this ) { workItem = callable; notify(); } } public void run() { while( true ) { // wait for work while( true ) { synchronized( this ) { if( workItem != NO_WORK ) break; try { wait(); } catch( InterruptedException e ) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } // do the work ... // wait for everyone else to finish barrier.await(); } } } Again, this works well functionally (it does what it should). blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.9% 85% 1.30 64k 2.4% 80% 6.3 16k 4.6% 60% 30.1 4096 8.6% 41% 98.5 1024 12% 23% 202 256 14% 11.6% 299 64 14% 10.0% 518 16 14.8% 8.7% 679 The throughput for small work items is still much worse than that of the ExecutorService, but about 2x that of the CyclicBarrier. Eliminating one CyclicBarrier eliminates half of the gap. V4 - Busy wait instead of wait/notify Since this app is the primary one running on the system and the cores idle anyway if they're not busy with a work item, why not try a busy wait for work items in each thread, even if that spins the CPU needlessly. The worker thread code changes as follows: class WorkerThreadRunnable implements Runnable { // as before final protected void setWorkItem( @NotNull final Callable<Integer> callable ) { workItem = callable; } public void run() { while( true ) { // busy-wait for work while( true ) { if( workItem != NO_WORK ) break; } // do the work ... // wait for everyone else to finish barrier.await(); } } } Also works well functionally (it does what it should). blocksize | system | user | cycles/sec 256k 1.9% 85% 1.30 64k 2.2% 81% 6.3 16k 4.2% 62% 33 4096 7.5% 40% 107 1024 10.4% 23% 210 256 12.0% 12.0% 310 64 11.9% 10.2% 550 16 12.2% 8.6% 741 For small work items, this increases throughput by a further 10% over the CyclicBarrier + wait/notify variant, which is not insignificant. But it is still much lower-throughput than V1 with the ExecutorService. V5 - ? So what is the best synchronization mechanism for such a (presumably not uncommon) problem? I am weary of writing my own sync mechanism to completely replace ExecutorService (assuming that it is too generic and there has to be something that can still be taken out to make it more efficient). It is not my area of expertise and I'm concerned that I'd spend a lot of time debugging it (since I'm not even sure my wait/notify and busy wait variants are correct) for uncertain gain. Any advice would be greatly appreciated.

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