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• Fitch Format Proofs - any resources around?

  - by devoured elysium

  I am currently studying Fitch Format first order logic proofs. My lecturer follows closely Language, Proof and Logic by Jon Barwise. I am trying to do some proofs but I am having some trouble getting to understand how to do these proofs. As I have already read what Language Proof and Logic has to offer, I'd like to know if there are any other books or resources around that use the Fitch format for their formal proofs. Plus, having solved exercises would be of great(!) help. Thanks

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• 7-Zip - A Free alternative to other compression utilities

  - by TATWORTH

  At http://www.7-zip.org/download.html, there is a free alternative other compression utilities. It handles a wide variety of formats including RAR!Here is the description from its home page:License 7-Zip is open source software. Most of the source code is under the GNU LGPL license. The unRAR code is under a mixed license: GNU LGPL + unRAR restrictions. Check license information here: 7-Zip license. You can use 7-Zip on any computer, including a computer in a commercial organization. You don't need to register or pay for 7-Zip. The main features of 7-Zip High compression ratio in 7z format with LZMA and LZMA2 compressionSupported formats: Packing / unpacking: 7z, XZ, BZIP2, GZIP, TAR, ZIP and WIMUnpacking only: ARJ, CAB, CHM, CPIO, CramFS, DEB, DMG, FAT, HFS, ISO, LZH, LZMA, MBR, MSI, NSIS, NTFS, RAR, RPM, SquashFS, UDF, VHD, WIM, XAR and Z. For ZIP and GZIP formats, 7-Zip provides a compression ratio that is 2-10 % better than the ratio provided by PKZip and WinZipStrong AES-256 encryption in 7z and ZIP formatsSelf-extracting capability for 7z formatIntegration with Windows ShellPowerful File ManagerPowerful command line versionPlugin for FAR ManagerLocalizations for 79 languages

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• What issues lead people to use Japanese-specific encodings rather than Unicode?

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  At work I come across a lot of Japanese text files in Shift-JIS and other encodings. It causes many mojibake (unreadable character) problems for all computer users. Unicode was intended to solve this sort of problem by defining a single character set for all languages, and the UTF-8 serialization is recommended for use on the Internet. So why doesn't everybody switch from Japanese-specific encodings to UTF-8? What issues with or disadvantages of UTF-8 are holding people back? EDIT: The W3C lists some known problems with Unicode, could this be a reason too?

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• Math major as a viable degree

  - by Zak O'Keefe

  While I realize there are many topics about CS vs software engineering vs game school programs, I haven't found anything relating to whether pure math degrees (with CS minor and electives) would also be a viable program. By this I mean: Would having a math major, CS minor put one at competitive disadvantage as compared to a pure CS program? This relates specifically to game engine programming, more on the graphics side. Background (for those who care): Currently a math major, CS minor at school and looking to land a career doing graphics engine programming. Admittedly, I love math and if at all possible would like to stay my current program as long as it doesn't put me at a competitive disadvantage trying to land a job post-graduation. That being said, I'm strong in the traditional C/C++ languages, strong concurrent programming skills, and currently produce self-made games for iOS. As an employer, how badly is the math major hurting me? Just want to get some advice from people already in the field!

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• Signature of Collections.min/max method

  - by Marco

  In Java, the Collections class contains the following method: public static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>> T min(Collection<? extends T> c) Its signature is well-known for its advanced use of generics, so much that it is mentioned in the Java in a Nutshell book and in the official Sun Generics Tutorial. However, I could not find a convincing answer to the following question: Why is the formal parameter of type Collection<? extends T>, rather than Collection<T>? What's the added benefit?

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• What counts as an IDE?

  - by Matt Ellen

  Recently reading the question What languages do you use without an IDE? One question asked in a few answers was "is Notepad++ and IDE?" One answers to the original question said "None, I use vim...", implying that vim is an IDE. But then another answer suggested vim isn't an IDE. So where is the line? What about notepad, ed, or nano? Is the only non-IDE coding technique the butterfly technique?

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• What are your worst experiences with whitespace?

  - by CheeseConQueso

  What are some good examples of whitespace being the cause of any type of error and/or total disruption of scripts and/or markups? I am more interested in any accounts related to languages that are used commonly today, but I would like to hear about any cases in general. PS - This should be a wiki, but I don't know what happened to the "make this a wiki" check box. If someone comes across this with the rights to set it as a "wiki", please do so. If SO decided they wanted to keep away from wiki's altogether, please comment me about that. Thanks

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• How to market yourself as a software developer?

  - by karlphillip

  I have noticed that this is a frequent issue among younglings from technical areas such as ours. In the beginning of our careers we simply don't know how to sell ourselves to our employers, and random guy #57 (who is a programmer, but not as good as you - technically) ends up getting a raise/promotion just because he knows how to communicate and market himself better than you. Many have probably seen this happen in the past, and most certainly many more will in the future. What kind of skill/ability (either technical, or of other nature) do you think is relevant to point out when doing a job interview or asking for a raise, besides listing all the programming languages and libraries you know?

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• C++11 support for higher-order list functions

  - by Giorgio

  Most functional programming languages (e.g. Common Lisp, Scheme / Racket, Clojure, Haskell, Scala, Ocaml, SML) support some common higher-order functions on lists, such as map, filter, takeWhile, dropWhile, foldl, foldr (see e.g. Common Lisp, Scheme / Racket, Clojure side-by-side reference sheet, the Haskell, Scala, OCaml, and the SML documentation.) Does C++11 have equivalent standard methods or functions on lists? For example, consider the following Haskell snippet: let xs = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] let ys = map (\x -> x * x) xs How can I express the second expression in modern standard C++? std::list<int> xs = ... // Initialize the list in some way. std::list<int> ys = ??? // How to translate the Haskell expression? What about the other higher-order functions mentioned above? Can they be directly expressed in C++?

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• How does the "Fourth Dimension" work with arrays?

  - by Questionmark

  Abstract: So, as I understand it (although I have a very limited understanding), there are three dimensions that we (usually) work with physically: The 1st would be represented by a line. The 2nd would be represented by a square. The 3rd would be represented by a cube. Simple enough until we get to the 4th -- It is kinda hard to draw in a 3D space, if you know what I mean... Some people say that it has something to do with time. The Question: Now, that is all great with me. My question isn't about this, or I'd be asking it on MathSO or PhysicsSO. My question is: How does the computer handle this with arrays? I know that you can create 4D, 5D, 6D, etc... arrays in many different programming languages, but I want to know how that works.

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• How to market yourself as a software developer?

  - by karlphillip

  I have noticed that this is a frequent issue among younglings from technical areas such as ours. In the beginning of our careers we simply don't know how to sell ourselves to our employers, and random guy #57 (who is a programmer, but not as good as you - technically) ends up getting a raise/promotion just because he knows how to communicate and market himself better than you. Many have probably seen this happen in the past, and most certainly many more will in the future. What kind of skill/ability (either technical, or of other nature) do you think is relevant to point out when doing a job interview or asking for a raise, besides listing all the programming languages and libraries you know?

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• International TLD's vs. duplicate content

  - by Litso

  Hey all, I currently work at a pretty big website that has visitors from around the globe. My job is to help out on the SEO, and one thing we've been discussing lately is the use of international TLD's. The ones we use range between: (partly) translated websites like .es and .de that serve most of the content in the country's language non-translated (english) websites for non-english languages (due to a lack of translations) like .ro and .cz english websites for english speaking countries with localized TLD's (.co.nz, .co.uk) On one hand I really have the feeling this is causing a lot of duplicate content, especially for the last two categories of TLD's. On the other hand though it seems a lot like country-specific TLD's tend to score a lot better in that country's Google. Would it be advisable to keep on using these domains, or should we canonicalize them all to the .com version?

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• What does the English word "for" exactly mean in "for" loops?

  - by kol

  English is not my first language, but since the keywords in programming languages are English words, I usually find it easy to read source code as English sentences: if (x > 10) f(); = "If variable x is greater than 10, then call function f." while (i < 10) ++i; = "While variable i is less than 10, increase i by 1." But how a for loop is supposed to be read? for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) f(i); = ??? I mean, I know what a for loop is and how it works. My problem is only that I don't know what the English word "for" exactly means in for loops.

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• When to use mixins in Ruby

  - by Gilles

  I am wondering when to use mixins? I have read about them. Many authors compare them to interfaces, abstract classes, etc. Mixins are modules that are mixed-in and modules are a way to group similar methods, constants and classes together. I have seen examples where a module for math functions is created. It makes sense to group and reuse such functions but should I only mix these in a class if I am faced with an inheritance situation? Should I mix these in anytime I want to use them in a class? Should they be used exactly like interfaces in other languages or are there other subtleties?

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• Studying parallel programming

  - by mort

  I'm currently finishing my Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and thinking a lot about which specialisation to choose in my Master's degree. One subject I'm particularly interested in is parallel programming. However, this topic does not seem to be a standard topic in Computer Science degrees, although it is something that is used more and more - new processors nowadays are usually dual or quad cores. So I was wandering: does anybody know a good study program in this field? I was mostly looking for it at universities in Germany, but they tend to combine the application side with some type of engineering or natural science. Thus, programs are more the "Computational Engineering" or "Computational Science" type, but I'm more interested in the Computer Science part of it, i.e. parallel programming, languages and compilers, algorithms and hardware.

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• How do I start working as a programmer - what do I need?

  - by giorgo

  i am currently learning Java and PHP as I have some projects from university, which require me to apply both languages. Specifically, a Java GUI application, connecting to a MySQL database and a web application that will be implemented in PHP/MySQL. I have started learning the MVC pattern, Struts, Spring and I am also learning PHP with zend. My first question is: How can I find employment as a programmer/software engineer? The reason I ask is because I have sent my CV into many companys, but all of them stated that I required work experience. I really need some guidance on how to improve my career opportunites. At present, I work on my own and haven't worked in collaboration with anyone on a particular project. I'm assuming most people create projects and submit them along with their CVs. My second question is: Everyone has to make a start from somewhere, but what if this somewhere doesn't come? What do I need to do to create the circumstances where I can easily progress forward? Thanks

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• Recommended 2D Game Engine for prototyping

  - by Thomas Dufour

  What high-level game engine would you recommend to develop a 2D game prototype on windows? (or mac/linux if you wish) The kind of things I mean by "high-level" includes (but is definitely not limited to): not having to manage low-level stuff like screen buffers, graphics contexts having an API to draw geometric shapes well, I was going to omit it but I guess being based on an actual "high-level" language is a plus (automatic resource management and the existence a reasonable set of data structures in the standard library come to mind). It seems to me that Flash is the proverbial elephant in the room for this query but I'd very much like to see different answers based on all kinds of languages or SDKs.

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• Directing crawlers to content in language per language sub-domain

  - by Noam

  I have a site with multilingual website with many pages (40M). The site has UGC, and each translation is actually for the titles. Each sub-domain points to the same content with different titles per language. As far as I understand, each sub-domain should be indexed by search engines, meaning they will actually need to crawl 40M x supported-languages. So I thought it might be best to direct each subdomain crawler, to pages that are fully in that language (titles + UGC). Is there a way to do this? Should search engines understand this on their own?

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• Language-independent sources on collision detection

  - by Phazyck

  While making a Pong clone with a friend, we had to implement some collision detection. For research purposes, my friend dug up a book called "AdvancED Game Design with Flash" by Rex Van Der Spuy. This book was clearly targeted at implementing collision detection in ActionScript, and I also have some problems with how the concepts are presented, e.g. presenting one method as better than another, without explaining that decision. Can anyone recommend some good material on collision detection? I'd prefer it if kept the implementation details as language-independent as possible, e.g. by implementing the concepts in pseudo-code. Language-specific materials are not completely unwelcome though, though I'd prefer those to be in either Java, C#, F# or Python or similar languages, as those are the ones I'm most familiar with. :-) Lastly, is there perhaps widely known and used book on collision detection that most people should know about, like a 'the book on collision detection'?

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• Oracle Communications Calendar Server: Upgrading to Version 7 Update 3

  - by joesciallo

  It's been some time since I have posted an entry. Now, with the release of Oracle Communications Calendar Server 7 Update 3, it seems high time to jump start this blog again. To begin with, check out what's new in this release: Authenticating Against an External Directory Booking Window for Calendars Changes to the davadmin Command Enable and Disable Account Autocreation LDAP Pools New Configuration Parameters New Languages New populate-davuniqueid Utility New Schema Objects Non-active Calendar Accounts Are No Longer Searched or Fetched Remote Document Store Authentication The upgrade is a bit more complicated than normal, as you must first apply some new schema elements to your Directory Server(s). To do so, you need to get the comm_dssetup 6.4 patch, patch the comm_dssetup script, and then run the patched comm_dssetup against your Directory Server(s) instances. In addition, if you are using the nsUniqueId attribute as your deployment's unique identifier, you'll want to change that to the new davUniqueId attribute. Consult the Upgrade Procedure for details, as well as DaBrain's blog, before forging ahead with this upgrade. Additional quick links: Problems Fixed in This Release Known Issues Calendar Server Unique Identifier Changes to the davadmin command Get the Calendar Server patch Get the comm_dssetup patch

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• How to make Classic ASP interesting if you are stuck with it?

  - by reno812

  I used to work on a really small outsourcing company (4 programmers and the boss), then when the stress and the frequent long shifts made the situation unbearable I made the switch to a better paid job with a more relaxed schedule that allows me some more free time. The problem, however, is that for the most part, everything is coded in Classic ASP that interfaces with a custom made C++ queueing system that stores everything in AS400 systems. My boss used to be one of the developers that made the initial efforts towards this, and naturally won't ever approve a switch to another languages / technologies despite the increasing difficulty that represents developing today business needs with yesterday tools. I'm pretty much stuck coding with Classic ASP in the foreseeable future, and I'm struggling to find ways to make it at least interesting, as I used to work with .NET and Java previously, and I feel like I'm going backwards... Any advice?

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• How Does The Maybe Monad Relate To The Option Type?

  - by Onorio Catenacci

  I was doing a presentation on F# and was discussing the Option type when someone in the audience asked me if the Option type is F#'s implementation of the maybe monad. I know that's not the case but I did want to ask how the two concepts are related. I mean it seems to me that an option type might be the result of the operation of a maybe monad but I'm not even sure of that. Would someone elucidate the relationship between the maybe monad and the option type in those functional languages which support it?

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• What are the pro/cons of Unity3D as a choice to make games?

  - by jokoon

  We are doing our school project with Unity3d, since they were using Shiva the previous year (which seems horrible to me), and I wanted to know your point of view for this tool. Pros: multi platform, I even heard Google is going to implement it in Chrome everything you need is here scripting languages makes it a good choice for people who are not programming gurus Cons: multiplayer ? proprietary, you are totally dependent of unity and its limit and can't extend it it's less "making a game from scratch" C++ would have been a cool thing I really think this kind of tool is interesting, but is it worth it to use at school for a project that involves more than 3 programming persons ? What do we really learn in term of programming from using this kind of tool (I'm ok with python and js, but I hate C#) ? We could have use Ogre instead, even if we were learning direct x starting january...

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• Shouldn't we count characters of code and comments instead of lines of code and comments? [closed]

  - by Gabriel

  Counting lines of code and comments is sometimes bogus, since most of what we write may be written in one or more lines, depending column count limitations, screen size, style and so forth. Since the commonly used languages (say C, C++, C# and Java) are free-form, wouldn't it be more clever to count characters instead? Edit: I'm not considering LOC-oriented programming where coders try to artificially match requirements by adding irrelevant comments or using multiple lines where less would be enough (or the opposite). I'm interested in better metrics that would be independent of coding style, to be used by honest programmers.

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• How to get scripted programs governing game entities run in parallel with a game loop?

  - by Jim

  I recently discovered Crobot which is (briefly) a game where each player codes a virtual robot in a pseudo-C language. Each robot is then put in an arena where it fights against other robots. A robots' source code has this shape : /* Beginning file robot.r */ main() { while (1) { /* Do whatever you want */ ... move(); ... fire(); } } /* End file robot.r */ You can see that : The code is totally independent from any library/include Some predefined functions are available (move, fire, etc…) The program has its own game loop, and consequently is not called every frame My question is: How to achieve a similar result using scripted languages in collaboration with a C/C++ main program ? I found a possible approach using Python, multi-threading and shared memory, although I am not sure yet that it is possible this way. TCP/IP seems a bit too complicated for this kind of application.

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