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• Replacing backslashes in Python strings

  - by user323659

  I have some code to encrypt some strings in Python. Encrypted text is used as a parameter in some urls, but after encrypting, there comes backslashes in string and I cannot use single backslash in urllib2.urlopen. I cannot replace single backslash with double. For example: print cipherText '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' print cipherText.replace('\\','\\\\') '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' Also putting r in front of \ in replace statement did not worked. All I want to do is calling that kind of url: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb" And also this url can be successfully called: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\\t3-@\\xab7+\\xc7\\x93H\\xdc\\xd1\\x13G\\xe1\\xfb" Any idea will be appreciated.

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• Python check if object is in list of objects

  - by John

  Hi, I have a list of objects in Python. I then have another list of objects. I want to go through the first list and see if any items appear in the second list. I thought I could simply do for item1 in list1: for item2 in list2: if item1 == item2: print "item %s in both lists" However this does not seem to work. Although if I do: if item1.title == item2.title: it works okay. I have more attributes than this though so don't really want to do 1 big if statement comparing all the attributes if I don't have to. Can anyone give me help or advise on what I can do to find the objects which appear in both lists. Thanks

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• Python - Memory Leak

  - by Dave

  I'm working on solving a memory leak in my Python application. Here's the thing - it really only appears to happen on Windows Server 2008 (not R2) but not earlier versions of Windows, and it also doesn't look like it's happening on Linux (although I haven't done nearly as much testing on Linux). To troubleshoot it, I set up debugging on the garbage collector: gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE | gc.DEBUG_INSTANCES | gc.DEBUG_OBJECTS) Then, periodically, I log the contents of gc.garbage. Thing is, gc.garbage is always empty, yet my memory usage goes up and up and up. Very puzzling.

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• Scraping html WITHOUT uniquie identifiers using python

  - by Nicholas Law

  I would like to design an algorithm using python that scrapes thousands of pages like this one and this one, gathers all the data and inserts it into a MySQL database. The script will be run on a weekly or bi-weekly basis to update the database of any new information added to each individual page. Ideally I would like a scraper that is easy to work with for table structured data but also data that does not have unique identifiers (ie. id and classes attributes). Which scraper add-on should I use? BeautifulSoup, Scrapy or Mechanize? Are there any particular tutorials/books I should be looking at for this desired result? In the long-run I will be implementing a mobile app that works with all this data through querying the database.

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• python grep reverse matching

  - by thomytheyon

  Hi Alls, I would like to build a small python script that basicaly does the reverse of grep. I want to match the files in a directory/subdirectory that doesn't have a "searched_string". So far i've done that: import os filefilter = ['java','.jsp'] path= "/home/patate/code/project" for path, subdirs, files in os.walk(path): for name in files: if name[-4:] in filefilter : print os.path.join(path, name) This small script will be listing everyfiles with "java" or "jsp" extension inside each subdirectory, and will output them full path. I'm now wondering how to do the rest, for example i would like to be able if I forgot a session management entry in one file (allowing anyone a direct file access), to search for : "if (!user.hasPermission" and list the file which does not contain this string. Any help would be greatly appreciated ! Thanks

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• Show me some cool python list comprehensions

  - by christangrant

  One of the major strengths of python and a few other (functional) programming languages are the list comprehension. They allow programmers to write complex expressions in 1 line. They may be confusing at first but if one gets used to the syntax, it is much better than nested complicated for loops. With that said, please share with me some of the coolest uses of list comprehensions. (By cool, I just mean useful) It could be for some programming contest, or a production system. For example: To do the transpose of a matrix mat >>> mat = [ ... [1, 2, 3], ... [4, 5, 6], ... [7, 8, 9], ... ] >>> [[row[i] for row in mat] for i in [0, 1, 2]] [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]] Please include a description of the expression and where it was used (if possible).

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• How to sub with matched groups and variables in Python

  - by Syed

  Hi, new to python. This is probably simple but I haven't found an answer. rndStr = "20101215" rndStr2 = "20101216" str = "Looking at dates between 20110316 and 20110317" outstr = re.sub("(.+)([0-9]{8})(.+)([0-9]{8})",r'\1'+rndStr+r'\2'+rndStr2,str) The output I'm looking for is: Looking at dates between 20101215 and 20101216 But instead I get: P101215101216 The values of the two rndStr's doesn't really matter. Assume its random or taken from user input (I put static vals here to keep it simple). Thanks for any help.

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• Python/Tkinter make a custom window

  - by user1435947

  I want to make a window without the top taskbar (that is movable), so there is only thin outline around the GUI box. I also want to add my own 'X' to the box. import Tkinter class Application(Frame): def __init__(self, master=None): Frame.__init__(self, master) self.parent = master ............ def main(): root = Tk() root.attributes('-fullscreen', True) root.geometry('500x250+500+200') app = Application(root) app.parent.configure(background = 'gray32') root.resizable(width=FALSE, height=FALSE) app.mainloop() main() I tried forcing the box to resize after going into fullscreen to remove the taskbar, though box is no longer movable. Any suggestions? [I have seen this thread: Python/Tkinter: Removing/disabling a resizable window's maximize button under Windows The -toolwindow attribute didn't work for me, maybe because I use linux...]

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• How to launch new Firefox window with multiple tabs using Python

  - by newbie py

  Hi, I want to create a MSWindows Python program that would launch a new Firefox window with multiple tabs each time it is run. For example if I want to search "hello", a new window pops out (even if a Firefox window is already open) and then launches a Google and Bing tabs searching for "hello". If I change the keyword to "world", a new browser pops out again with Google and Bing tabs searching for "world". I've looked at the webbrowser module but couldn't get it to: 1. Launch a new browser when a browser is already open: e.g. webbrowser.open('http://www.google.com',new=1) will instead open a new tab 2. Launch multiple tabs simultaneously in the same window Appreciate the help. Thanks.

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• Where is Python support for PEM + RSA + DES3?

  - by jasonjs

  I need a Python library that supports PEM files and both RSA signing and DES3 encryption. pycrypto doesn't seem to support PEM, and its mechanism for loading existing keys is undocumented and cryptic. m2crypto doesn't seem to support DES/DES3, oddly. I've been running an openssl subprocess, but I'd rather have something built in and preferably fast. Does this exist? (Failing that, I hesitate to ask, but are there high-level enough C apis available for this that I could write a special-purpose extension without killing myself/introducing vulns?)

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• Python+suds : xsd_base64Binary type ?

  - by n1r3

  Hi, I'm trying to attach some files to a Jira using the Soap API. I have python 2.6 and SOAPpy isn't working any more, so, I'm using suds. Everything is fine except for the attachements ... I don't know how to rewrite this piece of code : http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/JIRA/Creating+a+SOAP+Client?focusedCommentId=180943#comment-180943 Any clue ? I don't know how to deal with complex type like this one : <complexType name="ArrayOf_xsd_base64Binary"> <complexContent> <restriction base="soapenc:Array"> <attribute ref="soapenc:arrayType" wsdl:arrayType="xsd:byte[][]"/> </restriction> </complexContent> </complexType> thanks a lot n.

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• Efficient way to organise data file in columns with Python

  - by user1700959

  I'm getting an output data file of a program which looks like this, with more than one line for each time step: 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 7.9819E-06 1.7724E-02 2.3383E-02 3.0048E-02 3.8603E-02 4.9581E-02 5.6635E-02 4.9991E-02 3.9052E-02 3.0399E-02 .... I want to arrange it in ten columns I have made a Python script, using regular expressions to delete \n in the proper lines, but I think that there should be a simpler more elegant way to do it, here is my script: import re with open('inputfile', encoding='utf-8') as file1: datai=file1.read() dataf=re.sub(r'(?P<nomb>( \d\.\d\d\d\dE.\d\d){8})\n','\g<nomb>',datai) with open('result.txt',mode='w',encoding='utf-8') as resultfile: resultfile.write(datof) Thanks in advance

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• Why is '\x' invalid in Python?

  - by Paul McGuire

  I was experimenting with '\' characters, using '\a\b\c...' just to enumerate for myself which characters Python interprets as control characters, and to what. Here's what I found: \a - BELL \b - BACKSPACE \f - FORMFEED \n - LINEFEED \r - RETURN \t - TAB \v - VERTICAL TAB Most of the other characters I tried, '\g', '\s', etc. just evaluate to the 2-character string of a backslash and the given character. I understand this is intentional, and makes sense to me. But '\x' is a problem. When my script reaches this source line: val = "\x" I get: ValueError: invalid \x escape What is so special about '\x'? Why is it treated differently from the other non-escaped characters?

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• python filter can't output

  - by Jesse Siu

  i create filter by python to the log file like Sat Jun 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12461] CONNECT: Client "66.249.68.236" Sat Jun 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12460] [ftp] OK LOGIN: Client "66.249.68.236", anon password "[email protected]" Sat Jun 2 03:32:14 2012 [pid 12462] [ftp] OK DOWNLOAD: Client "66.249.68.236", "/pub/10.5524/100001_101000/100022/readme.txt", 451 bytes, 1.39Kbyte/sec the script is import time lines=[] f= open("/opt/CLiMB/Storage1/log/vsftp.log") line = f.readline() lines=[line for line in f] def OnlyRecent(line): if time.strptime(line.split("[")[0].strip(),"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") < time.time()-(60*60*24*2): return True return False print"\n".join(filter(OnlyRecent,lines)) f.close() but when i run this script, it continue running but didn't show anything until i stop it. Why it can't shows records happened in 2 days.

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• kmeans based on mapreduce by python

  - by user3616059

  I am going to write a mapper and reducer for the kmeans algorithm, I think the best course of action to do is putting the distance calculator in mapper and sending to reducer with the cluster id as key and coordinates of row as value. In reducer, updating the centroids would be performed. I am writing this by python. As you know, I have to use Hadoop streaming to transfer data between STDIN and STOUT. according to my knowledge, when we print (key + "\t"+value), it will be sent to reducer. Reducer will receive data and it calculates the new centroids but when we print new centroids, I think it does not send them to mapper to calculate new clusters and it just send it to STDOUT and as you know, kmeans is a iterative program. So, my questions is whether Hadoop streaming suffers of doing iterative programs and we should employ MRJOB for iterative programs?

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• How do I protect python code?

  - by Jordfräs

  I am developing a piece of software in python that will be distributed to my employer's customers. My employer wants to limit the usage of the software with a time restricted license file. If we distribute the .py files or even .pyc files it will be easy to (decompile), and remove the code that checks the license file. Another aspect is that my employer do not want the code to be read by our customers, fearing that the code may be stolen or at least the "novel ideas". Is there a good way to handle this problem? Preferably with an off-the-shelf solution. The software will run on Linux systems (so I don't think py2exe will do the trick)

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• How to test a regex password in Python?

  - by jCuga

  Using a regex in Python, how can I verify that a user's password is: At least 8 characters Must be restricted to, though does not specifically require any of: uppercase letters: A-Z lowercase letters: a-z numbers: 0-9 any of the special characters: @#$%^&+= Note, all the letter/number/special chars are optional. I only want to verify that the password is at least 8 chars in length and is restricted to a letter/number/special char. It's up to the user to pick a stronger / weaker password if they so choose. So far what I have is: import re pattern = "^.*(?=.{8,})(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[@#$%^&+=]).*$" password = raw_input("Enter string to test: ") result = re.findall(pattern, password) if (result): print "Valid password" else: print "Password not valid"

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• problem reading a csv file in python

  - by Hossein

  Hi, I am trying to read a very simple but somehow large(800Mb) csv file using the csv library in python. The delimiter is a single tab and each line consists of some numbers. Each line is a record, and I have 20681 rows in my file. I had some problems during my calculations using this file,it always stops at a certain row. I got suspicious about the number of rows in the file.I used the code below to count the number of row in this file: tfdf_Reader = csv.reader(open('v2-host_tfdf_en.txt'),delimiter=' ') c = 0 for row in tfdf_Reader: c = c + 1 print c To my surprise c is printed with the value of 61722!!! Why is this happening? What am I doing wrong?

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• Parsing a string representing a float *with an exponent* in Python

  - by Lucas

  Hi, I have a large file with numbers in the form of 6,52353753563E-7. So there's an exponent in that string. float() dies on this. While I could write custom code to pre-process the string into something float() can eat, I'm looking for the pythonic way of converting these into a float (something like a format string passed somewhere). I must say I'm surprised float() can't handle strings with such an exponent, this is pretty common stuff. I'm using python 2.6, but 3.1 is an option if need be.

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• is counter has certain value inside a class in python

  - by mazlor

  i am learning classes in python and when i was reading the documentation i found this example that i didn't understand : class MyClass: """A simple example class""" def __init__(self): self.data = [] i = 12345 def f(self): return 'hello world' then if we assign : x = MyClass() x.counter = 1 now if we implement while loop : while x.counter < 10: x.counter = x.counter * 2 so the value of x.counter will be : 16 while for example if we have a variable y : y = 1 while y < 1 : y = y *2 then if we look for the value of y we find it 1 so i don't know how is the value of counter became 16 . thanks

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• python how to put data on y-axis when plotting histogram

  - by user3041107

  I don't quite understand how to control y - axis when using plt.hist plot in python. I read my .txt data file - it contains 10 columns with various data. If I want to plot distribution of strain on x axis I take column n.5. But what kind of value appears on y axis ??? Don't understand that. here is the code: import numpy import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pylab import * from scipy.stats import norm import sys strain = [] infile = sys.argv[1] for line in infile: ret = numpy.loadtxt(infile) strain += list(ret[:,5]) fig = plt.figure() plt.hist(strain, bins = 20) plt.show() Thanks for help!

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• crc24 from c to python

  - by biiiiiaw

  can someone please translate this code to python? i have tried and tried again, but have not managed it: #define CRC24_INIT 0xB704CEL #define CRC24_POLY 0x1864CFBL typedef long crc24; crc24 crc_octets(unsigned char *octets, size_t len) { crc24 crc = CRC24_INIT; int i; while (len--) { crc ^= (*octets++) << 16; for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { crc <<= 1; if (crc & 0x1000000) crc ^= CRC24_POLY; } } return crc & 0xFFFFFFL; } i have the rotate left function (ROL24(value,bits_to_rotate_by)), which i know works since i got it from a source code of a reputable programmer, but i dont get the * and ++ on octet. i only sort of understand how ++ works in c++, and i dont know what * is at all

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• Writing Strings to files in python

  - by Leif Andersen

  I'm getting the following error when trying to write a string to a file in pythion: Traceback (most recent call last): File "export_off.py", line 264, in execute save_off(self.properties.path, context) File "export_off.py", line 244, in save_off primary.write(file) File "export_off.py", line 181, in write variable.write(file) File "export_off.py", line 118, in write file.write(self.value) TypeError: must be bytes or buffer, not str I basically have a string class, which contains a string: class _off_str(object): __slots__ = 'value' def __init__(self, val=""): self.value=val def get_size(self): return SZ_SHORT def write(self,file): file.write(self.value) def __str__(self): return str(self.value) Furthermore, I'm calling that class like this: def write(self, file): for variable in self.variables: variable.write(file) I have no idea what is going on. I've seen other python programs writing strings to files, so why can't this one? Thank you very much for your help.

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• Parent Thread exiting before Child Threads [python]

  - by crgwbr

  I'm using Python in a webapp (CGI for testing, FastCGI for production) that needs to send an occasional email (when a user registers or something else important happens). Since communicating with an SMTP server takes a long time, I'd like to spawn a thread for the mail function so that the rest of the app can finish up the request without waiting for the email to finish sending. I tried using thread.start_new(func, (args)), but the Parent return's and exits before the sending is complete, thereby killing the sending process before it does anything useful. Is there anyway to keep the process alive long enough for the child process to finish?

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• python writing a list to a file

  - by gfar90

  I need to write a list to a file in python. I know the list should be converted to a string with the join method, but since I have a tuple I got confused. I tried a lot to change my variables to strings etc, this is one of my first attempts: def perform(text): repository = [("","")] fdist = nltk.FreqDist(some_variable) for c in some_variable: repository.append((c, fdist[c])) return ' '.join(repository) but it gives me the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in qe = perform(entfile2) File "", line 14, in perform return ' '.join(repository) TypeError: sequence item 0: expected string, tuple found any ideas how to write the list 'repository' to a file? Thanks!

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