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• Are view models used in rails?

  - by Valentin Vasilyev

  I'm starting to develop a small application in ruby on rails and many questions arise. I should say that I have about 1 year of experience with ASP.NET MVC and feel at home with models views and controllers. I've been using view models extensively (with the help of AutoMapper) and now wondering if view models are used similarly in rails camp. From various examples (rails casts mainly) I've gathered that it is common to either combine data from multiple models right in your view (which is frowned upon in ASP.NET MVC), or to use virtual attributes on models to obtain "missing" data. I know that business model should not be modelled after UI needs, for example there should not be a 'password confirm' property in your model, this should be a view model property. Rails virtual properties seem to violate this principle. How is it done in rails? Thanks.

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• Easy way to update models in your ASP.NET MVC business layer

  - by rajbk

  Brad Wilson just mentioned there is a static class ModelCopier that has a static method CopyModel(object from, object to) in the MVC Futures library. It uses reflection to match properties with the same name and compatible types. In short, instead of manually copying over properties as shown here: public void Save(EmployeeViewModel employeeViewModel){ var employee = (from emp in dataContext.Employees where emp.EmployeeID == employeeViewModel.EmployeeID select emp).SingleOrDefault(); if (employee != null) { employee.Address = employeeViewModel.Address; employee.Salary = employeeViewModel.Salary; employee.Title = employeeViewModel.Title; } dataContext.SubmitChanges();} you can use the method like so: public void Save(EmployeeViewModel employeeViewModel){ var employee = (from emp in dataContext.Employees where emp.EmployeeID == employeeViewModel.EmployeeID select emp).SingleOrDefault(); if (employee != null) { ModelCopier.CopyModel(employeeViewModel, employee); } dataContext.SubmitChanges();} Beautiful, isn’t it?

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• Models, controllers, and code reuse

  - by user11715

  I have a blog where users can post comments. When creating a comment, various things happen: creating the comment object, associations, persisting sending notification emails to post's author given his preferences sending notification to moderators given their preferences updating a fulltext database for search ... I could put all this in the controller, but what if I want to reuse this code ? e.g. I would like to provide an API for posting comments. I could also put this in the model, but I wonder if I won't lose flexibility by doing so. And would it be acceptable to do all of this from the model layer ? What would you do ?

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• Good Freelance models for web developers

  - by Matthew Underwood

  I am a web developer with four years of experience in PHP, MYSQL and experience in Javascript etc. One day I hope to develop a freelance career in web development. Areas of freelance that I am thinking of going towards includes Wordpress, Magento development along with bespoke applications. I am also thinking of doing some consultancy work for clients and businesses when I build up some more experience and technical knowledge. I want to offer a web development service to potential clients that plays on my strengths in what I know but most importantly has a market. Web development can cover so many subjects that its difficult to pick out the areas that have demand. I am also curious to find out if web developers offer services that bring in a monthly income e.g application maintenance or database maintenance? Is there a market for certain areas like WordPress plugins or bespoke applications? Are there certain things to avoid because of work duration, unrealistic client expectations or the fact that its impossible to find a market for it? As professional and experienced freelance web developers have you learned some important do's and don'ts? Is there certain services that the majority of web developers offer because its in high demand? This is the one area of web development freelancing that I cant get my head around. I know there is never a definitive answer but there must be some good practises and general consensus on this subject. Web designers design websites they offer a lump sum and get paid monthly sometimes to add new content, PPC and SEO consultants market sites to the top this will involve monthly payments, web development doesn’t seem so clear cut.

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• Using 2D sprites and 3D models together

  - by Sweta Dwivedi

  I have gone through a few posts that talks about changing the GraphicsDevice.BlendState and GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState (SpriteBatch & Render states). . however even after changing the states .. i cant see my 3D model on the screen.. I see the model for a second before i draw my video in the background. . Here is the code: case GameState.InGame: GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.AliceBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); if (player.State != MediaState.Stopped) { videoTexture = player.GetTexture(); } Rectangle screen = new Rectangle(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.X, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Y, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height); // Draw the video, if we have a texture to draw. if (videoTexture != null) { spriteBatch.Draw(videoTexture, screen, Color.White); if (Selected_underwater == true) { spriteBatch.DrawString(font, "MaxX , MaxY" + maxWidth + "," + maxHeight, new Vector2(400, 10), Color.Red); spriteBatch.Draw(kinectRGBVideo, new Rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(butterfly, handPosition, Color.White); foreach (AnimatedSprite a in aSprites) { a.Draw(spriteBatch); } } if(Selected_planet == true) { spriteBatch.Draw(kinectRGBVideo, new Rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(butterfly, handPosition, Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(videoTexture,screen,Color.White); GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.LinearWrap; foreach (_3DModel m in Solar) { m.DrawModel(); } } spriteBatch.End(); break;

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• Issue with Mapping Textures to Models in Blender

  - by Passage

  I've been trying to texture a model using Blender, but when I draw on the UV Editor it doesn't show up on the model, and I can't draw on the model itself. I've tried saving the image and the 3D View is set to Texture. Everything seems to be in order and I've followed several tutorials, but none of them seem to work with the version I'm using (2.64-- update was necessary for import plugin) and I'm absolutely stumped. How can I draw textures to the model? If not within Blender itself, how do I export/import the textures? EDIT: Vertex Paint works, though it is insufficient for my purposes. In addition, moving to the rendered view produces a solid-color model with none of the applied textures.

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• Design pattern to handle queries using multiple models

  - by coderkane

  I am presented with a dilemma while trying to re-designing the class structure for my PHP/MySQL application to make it more elegant and conform it to the SOLID principle. The problem goes like this: Let as assume, there is an abstract class called person which has certain properties to define a generic person, such as name, age, date of birth etc. There are two classes, student, and teacher, that implements this abstract class. They add their own unique properties to it. I have designed all the three classes to include all the operational logic (details of which are not relevant in context of the question). Now, I need to create views/reports/data grids which contain details from multiple classes, for example, say, a list of all students doing projects in Chemistry mentored by a teacher whose name is the parameter to the query. This is just one example of a view, there are many different views in the application, which uses data from 3-4 tables, and each of them have multiple input parameters to generate them. Considering this particular example, I have written the relevant query using JOIN and the results are as expected and proper, now here is the dilemma: Keeping in mind the single responsibility principle, where should I keep this query? It does not belong to either Student class, or Teacher class or any other classes currently present. a) Should I create a new class, say dataView class, and design it as a MVC pattern and keep the query there? What about the other views? how do they fit in this architecture? b) Should I not keep the query in code at all, and make it DB View ? c) Am I completely wrong in the approach? If so what is the right approach? My considerations are as follows: a) should be easy to add new views later on if requirement comes, without having to copy-paste-modify code b) would like to make it as loosely coupled as possible so that if minor db structure changes happen, it does not break I did google searches on report design and OOP report generators, but all the result seem to focus on the visual design of the report rather than fetching the data. I have already taken care of the visual aspect of the report using MVC with html templates. I am sure this is a very fundamental problem with known solution, but I am somehow not able to find it (maybe searching with wrong keyword). Edit1: Modified the title to make it more relevant Edit2: The accepted answer got me thinking in the right direction and identify my design flaws, which eventually led me to find this question and the solution in Stack Overflow which gave me the detailed answer to clear the confusion.

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• What is the best way to store meshes or 3d models in a class

  - by Robse

  I am wondering, how I should store my mesh into memory after loading it from whatever file. I have Questions floating in my head: Should a mesh could have sub meshes or does the 3d model just store a list of meshes all on the same level Is there one material assigned to one mesh 1:1? What do I have to consider, if I want to store skeletal animations? Btw it's a OpenGL|ES2 iOS game using GLKit. I came up with some basic struct types: (But I think they are way to simple and I need to add padding or change the vector3 to vector4.) typedef union _N3DShortVector2 { struct { short x, y; }; struct { short s, t; }; short v[2]; } N3DShortVector2; typedef union _N3DShortVector3 { struct { short x, y, z; }; struct { short r, g, b; }; struct { short s, t, p; }; short v[3]; } N3DShortVector3; typedef GLKVector3 N3DFloatVector3; typedef struct _N3DMeshRecordSV3 { N3DShortVector3 v1, v2, v3; } N3DMeshRecordSV3; typedef struct _N3DMeshRecordSV3FN3ST2 { N3DShortVector3 v1, v2, v3; N3DFloatVector3 n1, n2, n3; N3DShortVector2 t1, t2, t3; } N3DMeshRecordSV3FN3ST2;

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• understanding the models in MVC

  - by fayer

  i cant fully understand the models in MVC. so i am using symfony with doctrine. the doctrine models are created. does this mean that i don't have to create any models? are the doctrine models the only models i need? where should i put the code that uses the doctrine models: eg. $phoneIds = array(); $phone1 = new Phonenumber(); $phone1['phonenumber'] = '555 202 7890'; $phone1->save(); $phoneIds[] = $phone1['id']; $phone2 = new Phonenumber(); $phone2['phonenumber'] = '555 100 7890'; $phone2->save(); $phoneIds[] = $phone2['id']; $user = new User(); $user['username'] = 'jwage'; $user['password'] = 'changeme'; $user->save(); $user->link('Phonenumbers', $phoneIds); should this code be in the controller or in another model? and where should i validate these fields (check if it exists in database, that email is email etc)? could someone please shed a light on this. thanks.

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• understanding the ORM models in MVC

  - by fayer

  i cant fully understand the ORM models in MVC. so i am using symfony with doctrine. the doctrine models are created. does this mean that i don't have to create any models? are the doctrine models the only models i need? where should i put the code that uses the doctrine models: eg. $phoneIds = array(); $phone1 = new Phonenumber(); $phone1['phonenumber'] = '555 202 7890'; $phone1->save(); $phoneIds[] = $phone1['id']; $phone2 = new Phonenumber(); $phone2['phonenumber'] = '555 100 7890'; $phone2->save(); $phoneIds[] = $phone2['id']; $user = new User(); $user['username'] = 'jwage'; $user['password'] = 'changeme'; $user->save(); $user->link('Phonenumbers', $phoneIds); should this code be in the controller or in another model? and where should i validate these fields (check if it exists in database, that email is email etc)? could someone please shed a light on this. thanks.

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• django-admin: creating,saving and relating a m2m model

  - by pastylegs

  I have two models: class Production(models.Model): gallery = models.ManyToManyField(Gallery) class Gallery(models.Model): name = models.CharField() I have the m2m relationship in my productions admin, but I want that functionality that when I create a new Production, a default gallery is created and the relationship is registered between the two. So far I can create the default gallery by overwriting the productions save: def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False): if not ( Gallery.objects.filter(name__exact="foo").exists() ): g = Gallery(name="foo") g.save() self.gallery.add(g) This creates and saves the model instance (if it doesn't already exist), but I don't know how to register the relationship between the two?

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• Django QuerySet filter method returns multiple entries for one record

  - by Yaroslav

  Trying to retrieve blogs (see model description below) that contain entries satisfying some criteria: Blog.objects.filter(entries__title__contains='entry') The results is: [<Blog: blog1>, <Blog: blog1>] The same blog object is retrieved twice because of JOIN performed to filter objects on related model. What is the right syntax for filtering only unique objects? Data model: class Blog(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Entry(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog, related_name='entries') def __unicode__(self): return self.title Sample data: b1 = Blog.objects.create(name='blog1') e1 = Entry.objects.create(title='entry 1', blog=b1) e1 = Entry.objects.create(title='entry 2', blog=b1)

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• Django - model.save(commit=False - Is there a way to replicate this?

  - by orokusaki

  I'm wanting to do this: from django.contrib.auth.models import User class PetFrog(models.Model): user = models.OnetoOneField(User) color = models.CharField(max_length=20) def clean(self): if self.color == 'Green': user = User(username='prince') user.save(commit=False) # No commit argument in models.Model.save() like there is in ModelForm.save() user.set_password(self.password) user.save() self.user = user Is there a way to do this creation of a model instance without filling in all the required fields, and then setting them manually before trying to save() for real (which would obviously raise a "Must choose a Password" error)? I need to do this in my model, vs using a ModelForm. If there is another way to do it (while still in clean()), I'm completely open to any suggestions.

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• django-admin formfield_for_* change default value per/depending on instance

  - by Nick Ma.

  Hi, I'm trying to change the default value of a foreignkey-formfield to set a Value of an other model depending on the logged in user. But I'm racking my brain on it... This: Changing ForeignKey’s defaults in admin site would an option to change the empty_label, but I need the default_value. #Now I tried the following without errors but it didn't had the desired effect: class EmployeeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ... def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request=None, **kwargs): formfields= super(EmployeeAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs) if request.user.is_superuser: return formfields if db_field.name == "company": #This is the RELEVANT LINE kwargs["initial"] = request.user.default_company return db_field.formfield(**kwargs) admin.site.register(Employee, EmployeeAdmin) ################################################################## # REMAINING Setups if someone would like to know it but i think # irrelevant concerning the problem ################################################################## from django.contrib.auth.models import User, UserManager class CompanyUser(User): ... objects = UserManager() company = models.ManyToManyField(Company) default_company= models.ForeignKey(Company, related_name='default_company') #I registered the CompanyUser instead of the standard User, # thats all up and working ... class Employee(models.Model): company = models.ForeignKey(Company) ... Hint: kwargs["default"] ... doesn't exist. Thanks in advance, Nick

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• django internationlisation

  - by ha22109

  Hello I need to have multiple language support of my django admin application.I can create the messege files.But how can i change the text of my models.The heading ,fields etc .I m only able to change the static elements which are there in my template. here is example of my class class Mymodel(model.Models): id=models.IntegerField(primary_key=true) name=models.CharField(max_length=200) group=models.CharField(max_length=200) class Meta: managed=False verbose_name_plural='My admin' db_table='my_admin' one more question.In my home page it is showing my verbose name 'My admin' which i mentioned.But when i go to list page it shows me the class name 'mymodel'.Why so.Can i changed that to

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• Get a queryset of objects through an intermediary model

  - by skyl

  I want get all of the Geom objects that are related to a certain content_object (see the function I'm trying to build at the bottom, get_geoms_for_obj() class Geom(models.Model): ... class GeomRelation(models.Model): ''' For tagging many objects to a Geom object and vice-versa''' geom = models.ForeignKey(Geom) content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey() def get_geoms_for_object(obj): ''' takes an object and gets the geoms that are related ''' ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) id = obj.id grs = GeomRelation.objects.filter( content_type=ct, object_id=id ) # how with django orm magic can I build the queryset instead of list # like below to get all of the Geom objects for a given content_object geoms = [] for gr in grs: geoms.append(gr.geom) return set(geoms) # A set makes it so that I have no redundant entries but I want the # queryset ordering too .. need to make it a queryset for so many reasons...

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• Django: query spanning multiple many-to-many relationships

  - by Brant

  I've got some models set up like this: class AppGroup(models.Model): users = models.ManyToManyField(User) class Notification(models.Model): groups_to_notify = models.ManyToManyField(AppGroup) The User objects come from django's authentication system. Now, I am trying to get all the notifications pertaining to the groups that the current user is a part of. I have tried.. notifications = Notification.objects.filter(groups_to_notify=AppGroup.objects.filter(users=request.user)) But that gives an error: more than one row returned by a subquery used as an expression Which I suppose is because the groups_to_notify is checking against several groups. How can I grab all the notifications meant for the user based on the groups he is a part of?

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• Rails 3 namespacing requires model to be defined twice?

  - by RSG

  I'm pulling my hair out trying to understand namespacing in Rails 3. I've tried following a few different tutorials, and the only way I can get my models to work is if I define my model in both the base directory and my namespace directory. If I only define the model in the namespace directory it expects it to define both Model and Namespace::Model, as below: LoadError (Expected .../app/models/plugins/chat.rb to define Chat): or LoadError (Expected .../app/models/plugins/chat.rb to define Plugins::Chat): I'm sure I'm missing something obvious, but I could really use a pointer in the right direction. Here are the relevant excerpts. /models/plugins/chat.rb class Plugins::Chat include ActiveModel::Validations include ActiveModel::Conversion extend ActiveModel::Naming ... end /controllers/plugins/chats_controller.rb class Plugins::ChatsController < Plugins::ApplicationController load_and_authorize_resource ... end /config/routes.rb namespace :plugins do resources :chats end /config/application.rb config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/app/models/**/"]

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• help with generating models from database for many to many in doctrine

  - by ajsie

  im using doctrine and i have set up some test tables to be generated into models: I want a many-to-many relationship models (3 tables converted into 3 models) (things are simplified to make the point clear) mysql tables: user: id INT // primary key name VARCHAR group: id INT // primary key name VARCHAR user_group: user_id INT // primary and foreign key to user.id group_id INT // primary and foreign key to group.id i thought that it would generate these models (from the documentation): // User.php class User extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->hasColumn('id'); $this->hasColumn('name); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('Group as Groups', array( 'refClass' => 'UserGroup', 'local' => 'user_id', 'foreign' => 'group_id' ) ); } } // Group.php class Group extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->hasColumn('id'); $this->hasColumn('name); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('User as Users', array( 'refClass' => 'UserGroup', 'local' => 'group_id', 'foreign' => 'user_id' ) ); } } // UserGroup.php class UserGroup extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->hasColumn('user_id') ); $this->hasColumn('group_id') ); } } but it generated this: // User.php abstract class BaseUser extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->hasColumn('id'); $this->hasColumn('name'); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('UserGroup', array( 'local' => 'id', 'foreign' => 'user_id')); } } // Group.php abstract class BaseGroup extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->hasColumn('id'); $this->hasColumn('name'); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('UserGroup', array( 'local' => 'id', 'foreign' => 'group_id')); } } // UserGroup.php abstract class BaseUserGroup extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->hasColumn('user_id'); $this->hasColumn('group_id'); } public function setUp() { $this->hasOne('User', array( 'local' => 'user_id', 'foreign' => 'id')); $this->hasOne('Group', array( 'local' => 'group_id', 'foreign' => 'id')); } } as you can see, there is no 'refClass' in the 'User' and 'Group' models pointing to the 'UserGroup'. the 'UserGroup' table in this case is just another table from Doctrine's perspective not a reference table. I've checked my table definitions in mysql. They are correct. user_group has 2 columns (primary keys and foreign keys), each one pointing to the primary key in either User or Group. But i want the standard many-to-many relationship models in Doctrine models. I'd appreciate some help. I have struggled to figure it out for a half day now. What is wrong? Thanks!

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• A Django form for entering a 0 to n email addresses

  - by Erik

  I have a Django application with some fairly common models in it: UserProfile and Organization. A UserProfile or an Organization can both have 0 to n emails, so I have an Email model that has a GenericForeignKey. UserProfile and Organization Models both have a GenericRelation called emails that points back to the Email model (summary code provided below). The question: what is the best way to provide an Organization form that allows a user to enter organization details including 0 to n email addresses? My Organization create view is a Django class-based view. I'm leading towards creating a dynamic form and an enabling it with Javascript to allow the user to add as many email addresses as necessary. I will render the form with django-crispy-forms. I've thought about doing this with a formset embedded within the form, but this seems like overkill for email addresses. Embedding a formset in a form delivered by a class-based view is cumbersome too. Note that the same issue occurs with the Organization fields phone_numbers and locations. emails.py: from django.db import models from parent_mixins import Parent_Mixin class Email(Parent_Mixin,models.Model): email_type = models.CharField(blank=True,max_length=100,null=True,default=None,verbose_name='Email Type') email = models.EmailField() class Meta: app_label = 'core' organizations.py: from emails import Email from locations import Location from phone_numbers import Phone_Number from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic from django.db import models class Organization(models.Model): active = models.BooleanField() duns_number = models.CharField(blank=True,default=None,null=True,max_length=9) # need to validate this emails = generic.GenericRelation(Email,content_type_field='parent_type',object_id_field='parent_id') legal_name = models.CharField(blank=True,default=None,null=True,max_length=200) locations = generic.GenericRelation(Location,content_type_field='parent_type',object_id_field='parent_id') name = models.CharField(blank=True,default=None,null=True,max_length=200) organization_group = models.CharField(blank=True,default=None,null=True,max_length=200) organization_type = models.CharField(blank=True,default=None,null=True,max_length=200) phone_numbers = generic.GenericRelation(Phone_Number,content_type_field='parent_type',object_id_field='parent_id') taxpayer_id_number = models.CharField(blank=True,default=None,null=True,max_length=9) # need to validate this class Meta: app_label = 'core' parent_mixins.py from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic from django.db import models class Parent_Mixin(models.Model): parent_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType,blank=True,null=True) parent_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True,null=True) parent = generic.GenericForeignKey('parent_type', 'parent_id') class Meta: abstract = True app_label = 'core'

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• Django User M2M relationship

  - by Antonio

  When trying to syncdb with the following models: class Contact(models.Model): user_from = models.ForeignKey(User,related_name='from_user') user_to = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='to_user') class Meta: unique_together = (('user_from', 'user_to'),) User.add_to_class('following', models.ManyToManyField('self', through=Contact, related_name='followers', symmetrical=False)) I get the following error: Error: One or more models did not validate: auth.user: Accessor for m2m field 'following' clashes with related m2m field 'User.followers'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'following'. auth.user: Reverse query name for m2m field 'following' clashes with related m2m field 'User.followers'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'following'. auth.user: The model User has two manually-defined m2m relations through the model Contact, which is not permitted. Please consider using an extra field on your intermediary model instead. auth.user: Accessor for m2m field 'following' clashes with related m2m field 'User.followers'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'following'. auth.user: Reverse query name for m2m field 'following' clashes with related m2m field 'User.followers'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'following'.

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• Django1.1 model field value preprocessing before returning

  - by Satoru.Logic

  Hi, all. I have a model class like this: class Note(models.Model): author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='notes') content = NoteContentField(max_length=256) NoteContentField is a custom sub-class of CharField that override the to_python method in purpose of doing some twitter-text-conversion processing. class NoteContentField(models.CharField): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def to_python(self, value): value = super(NoteContentField, self).to_python(value) from ..utils import linkify return mark_safe(linkify(value)) However, this doesn't work. When I save a Note object like this: note = Note(author=request.use, content=form.cleaned_data['content']) note.save() The conversed value is saved into the database, which is not what I wanna see. What I'm trying to do is to save the raw content into the database, and only make the conversion when the content attribute is later accessed. Would you please tell me what's wrong with this? Thanks to Pierre and Daniel. I have figured out what's wrong. I thought the text-conversion code should be in either to_python or get_db_prep_value, and that's wrong. I should override both of them, make to_python do the conversion and get_db_prep_value return the unconversed value: from ..utils import linkify class NoteContentField(models.CharField): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def to_python(self, value): self._raw_value = super(NoteContentField, self).to_python(value) return mark_safe(linkify(self._raw_value)) def get_db_prep_value(self, value): return self._raw_value I wonder if there is a better way to implement this?

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• Reordering fields in Django model

  - by Alex Lebedev

  I want to add few fields to every model in my django application. This time it's created_at, updated_at and notes. Duplicating code for every of 20+ models seems dumb. So, I decided to use abstract base class which would add these fields. The problem is that fields inherited from abstract base class come first in the field list in admin. Declaring field order for every ModelAdmin class is not an option, it's even more duplicate code than with manual field declaration. In my final solution, I modified model constructor to reorder fields in _meta before creating new instance: class MyModel(models.Model): # Service fields notes = my_fields.NotesField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: abstract = True last_fields = ("notes", "created_at", "updated_at") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): new_order = [f.name for f in self._meta.fields] for field in self.last_fields: new_order.remove(field) new_order.append(field) self._meta._field_name_cache.sort(key=lambda x: new_order.index(x.name)) super(TwangooModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class ModelA(MyModel): field1 = models.CharField() field2 = models.CharField() #etc ... It works as intended, but I'm wondering, is there a better way to acheive my goal?

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• OBJ model loaded in LWJGL has a black area with no texture

  - by gambiting

  I have a problem with loading an .obj file in LWJGL and its textures. The object is a tree(it's a paid model from TurboSquid, so I can't post it here,but here's the link if you want to see how it should look like): http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/701294 I wrote a custom OBJ loader using the LWJGL tutorial from their wiki. It looks like this: public class OBJLoader { public static Model loadModel(File f) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f)); Model m = new Model(); String line; Texture currentTexture = null; while((line=reader.readLine()) != null) { if(line.startsWith("v ")) { float x = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[1]); float y = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[2]); float z = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[3]); m.verticies.add(new Vector3f(x,y,z)); }else if(line.startsWith("vn ")) { float x = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[1]); float y = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[2]); float z = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[3]); m.normals.add(new Vector3f(x,y,z)); }else if(line.startsWith("vt ")) { float x = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[1]); float y = Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[2]); m.texVerticies.add(new Vector2f(x,y)); }else if(line.startsWith("f ")) { Vector3f vertexIndicies = new Vector3f(Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[1].split("/")[0]), Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[2].split("/")[0]), Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[3].split("/")[0])); Vector3f textureIndicies = new Vector3f(Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[1].split("/")[1]), Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[2].split("/")[1]), Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[3].split("/")[1])); Vector3f normalIndicies = new Vector3f(Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[1].split("/")[2]), Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[2].split("/")[2]), Float.valueOf(line.split(" ")[3].split("/")[2])); m.faces.add(new Face(vertexIndicies,textureIndicies,normalIndicies,currentTexture.getTextureID())); }else if(line.startsWith("g ")) { if(line.length()>2) { String name = line.split(" ")[1]; currentTexture = TextureLoader.getTexture("PNG", ResourceLoader.getResourceAsStream("res/" + name + ".png")); System.out.println(currentTexture.getTextureID()); } } } reader.close(); System.out.println(m.verticies.size() + " verticies"); System.out.println(m.normals.size() + " normals"); System.out.println(m.texVerticies.size() + " texture coordinates"); System.out.println(m.faces.size() + " faces"); return m; } } Then I create a display list for my model using this code: objectDisplayList = GL11.glGenLists(1); GL11.glNewList(objectDisplayList, GL11.GL_COMPILE); Model m = null; try { m = OBJLoader.loadModel(new File("res/untitled4.obj")); } catch (Exception e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } int currentTexture=0; for(Face face: m.faces) { if(face.texture!=currentTexture) { currentTexture = face.texture; GL11.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, currentTexture); } GL11.glColor3f(1f, 1f, 1f); GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES); Vector3f n1 = m.normals.get((int) face.normal.x - 1); GL11.glNormal3f(n1.x, n1.y, n1.z); Vector2f t1 = m.texVerticies.get((int) face.textures.x -1); GL11.glTexCoord2f(t1.x, t1.y); Vector3f v1 = m.verticies.get((int) face.vertex.x - 1); GL11.glVertex3f(v1.x, v1.y, v1.z); Vector3f n2 = m.normals.get((int) face.normal.y - 1); GL11.glNormal3f(n2.x, n2.y, n2.z); Vector2f t2 = m.texVerticies.get((int) face.textures.y -1); GL11.glTexCoord2f(t2.x, t2.y); Vector3f v2 = m.verticies.get((int) face.vertex.y - 1); GL11.glVertex3f(v2.x, v2.y, v2.z); Vector3f n3 = m.normals.get((int) face.normal.z - 1); GL11.glNormal3f(n3.x, n3.y, n3.z); Vector2f t3 = m.texVerticies.get((int) face.textures.z -1); GL11.glTexCoord2f(t3.x, t3.y); Vector3f v3 = m.verticies.get((int) face.vertex.z - 1); GL11.glVertex3f(v3.x, v3.y, v3.z); GL11.glEnd(); } GL11.glEndList(); The currentTexture is an int - it contains the ID of the currently used texture. So my model looks absolutely fine without textures: (sorry I cannot post hyperlinks since I am a new user) i.imgur.com/VtoK0.png But look what happens if I enable GL_TEXTURE_2D: i.imgur.com/z8Kli.png i.imgur.com/5e9nn.png i.imgur.com/FAHM9.png As you can see an entire side of the tree appears to be missing - and it's not transparent, since it's not in the colour of the background - it's rendered black. It's not a problem with the model - if I load it using Kanji's OBJ loader it works fine(but the thing is,that I need to write my own OBJ loader) i.imgur.com/YDATo.png this is my OpenGL init section: //init display try { Display.setDisplayMode(new DisplayMode(Support.SCREEN_WIDTH, Support.SCREEN_HEIGHT)); Display.create(); Display.setVSyncEnabled(true); } catch (LWJGLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(0); } GL11.glLoadIdentity(); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D); GL11.glClearColor(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); GL11.glShadeModel(GL11.GL_SMOOTH); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_DEPTH_TEST); GL11.glDepthFunc(GL11.GL_LESS); GL11.glDepthMask(true); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_NORMALIZE); GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_PROJECTION); GLU.gluPerspective (90.0f,800f/600f, 1f, 500.0f); GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_CULL_FACE); GL11.glCullFace(GL11.GL_BACK); //enable lighting GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_LIGHTING); ByteBuffer temp = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(16); temp.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); GL11.glMaterial(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_DIFFUSE, (FloatBuffer)temp.asFloatBuffer().put(lightDiffuse).flip()); GL11.glMaterialf(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_SHININESS,(int)material_shinyness); GL11.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_DIFFUSE, (FloatBuffer)temp.asFloatBuffer().put(lightDiffuse2).flip()); // Setup The Diffuse Light GL11.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_POSITION,(FloatBuffer)temp.asFloatBuffer().put(lightPosition2).flip()); GL11.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_AMBIENT,(FloatBuffer)temp.asFloatBuffer().put(lightAmbient).flip()); GL11.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_SPECULAR,(FloatBuffer)temp.asFloatBuffer().put(lightDiffuse2).flip()); GL11.glLightf(GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUATION, 0.1f); GL11.glLightf(GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_LINEAR_ATTENUATION, 0.0f); GL11.glLightf(GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_QUADRATIC_ATTENUATION, 0.0f); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_LIGHT2); Could somebody please help me?

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• XNA 4 Deferred Rendering deforms the model

  - by Tomáš Bezouška

  I have a problem when rendering a model of my World - when rendered using BasicEffect, it looks just peachy. Problem is when I render it using deferred rendering. See for yourselves: what it looks like: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/690/survival.png/ what it should look like: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/521/survival2.png/ (Please ignora the cars, they shouldn't be there. Nothing changes when they are removed) Im using Deferred renderer from www.catalinzima.com/tutorials/deferred-rendering-in-xna/introduction-2/ except very simplified, without the custom content processor. Here's the code for the GBuffer shader: float4x4 World; float4x4 View; float4x4 Projection; float specularIntensity = 0.001f; float specularPower = 3; texture Texture; sampler diffuseSampler = sampler_state { Texture = (Texture); MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; MIPFILTER = LINEAR; AddressU = Wrap; AddressV = Wrap; }; struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 Normal : TEXCOORD1; float2 Depth : TEXCOORD2; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; float4 worldPosition = mul(input.Position, World); float4 viewPosition = mul(worldPosition, View); output.Position = mul(viewPosition, Projection); output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord; //pass the texture coordinates further output.Normal = mul(input.Normal,World); //get normal into world space output.Depth.x = output.Position.z; output.Depth.y = output.Position.w; return output; } struct PixelShaderOutput { half4 Color : COLOR0; half4 Normal : COLOR1; half4 Depth : COLOR2; }; PixelShaderOutput PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) { PixelShaderOutput output; output.Color = tex2D(diffuseSampler, input.TexCoord); //output Color output.Color.a = specularIntensity; //output SpecularIntensity output.Normal.rgb = 0.5f * (normalize(input.Normal) + 1.0f); //transform normal domain output.Normal.a = specularPower; //output SpecularPower output.Depth = input.Depth.x / input.Depth.y; //output Depth return output; } technique Technique1 { pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } } And here are the rendering parts in XNA: public void RednerModel(Model model, Matrix world) { Matrix[] boneTransforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); Game.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; Game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; Game.GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts) { GBufferEffect.Parameters["View"].SetValue(Camera.Instance.ViewMatrix); GBufferEffect.Parameters["Projection"].SetValue(Camera.Instance.ProjectionMatrix); GBufferEffect.Parameters["World"].SetValue(boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * world); GBufferEffect.Parameters["Texture"].SetValue(meshPart.Effect.Parameters["Texture"].GetValueTexture2D()); GBufferEffect.Techniques[0].Passes[0].Apply(); RenderMeshpart(mesh, meshPart); } } } private void RenderMeshpart(ModelMesh mesh, ModelMeshPart part) { Game.GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(part.VertexBuffer); Game.GraphicsDevice.Indices = part.IndexBuffer; Game.GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, part.NumVertices, part.StartIndex, part.PrimitiveCount); } I import the model using the built in content processor for FBX. The FBX is created in 3DS Max. I don't know the exact details of that export, but if you think it might be relevant, I will get them from my collegue who does them. What confuses me though is why the BasicEffect approach works... seems the FBX shouldnt be a problem. Any thoughts? They will be greatly appreciated :)

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