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USB Device first mounted as root, then by user

- by Petr Marek

When I connect my Kindle, it shows up as an usb0 media, which I can read but not write (owner = root). However, if I do sudo umount /media/usb0, usb0 gets unmounted and a Kindle media gets mounted properly (is writable etc.). What can cause such strange behavior? It's not only with Kindle, but with Flash drives etc. as well. My /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda2 during installation UUID=595815c2-d882-4ec8-a2cd-cce70471167c / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda6 during installation #UUID=1340a336-66ca-4743-a6e4-41a307af2dda /boot ext4 defaults 0 3 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=afa49f1d-d505-4166-82a2-2f44548a48c6 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=deb86039-528a-45f3-b5f9-ce528740c94e /data_hdd ext4 defaults 0 2 My groups: petr@sova:~$ groups petr petr : petr adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev fuse lpadmin sambashare bumblebee

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Can not boot CentOS VM using VirtIO in KVM

- by Jake

I converted qcow2 image to raw and changed I/O bus to VirtIO for a VM. now I can't boot that VM. I Installed VirtIO driver with following command: mkinitrd --with virtio_pci --with virtio_blk -f /boot/initrd-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r) and these are related kernel modules: virtio_balloon 11329 0 virtio_blk 11593 3 virtio_pci 11845 0 virtio_ring 8513 1 virtio_pci virtio 9541 3 virtio_balloon,virtio_blk,virtio_pci and this is what happens during boot-up. I also changed /boot/grub/device.map from "(hd0) /dev/sda" to "(hd0) /dev/vda" but problem still exists. any ideas how to fix this ? This is my default option to boot: title CentOS (2.6.18-308.13.1.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.13.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-308.13.1.el5.img

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What happens to remounted data/directories

- by cauon

According to suggestions in this post I am trying to improve my system to run better with a Solid State Drive. But regarding to RAMdisks and /etc/fstab usage I have some understanding problems coming up. So let's say I add the following lines to /etc/fstab tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=0755 0 0 I know that on startup these locations should now get mounted into the RAM (hopefully). But what happens to the physical space that was mounted on those places before? Is it gone? Will it be back when I edit my /etc/fstab back to the Version without tmpfs? Will the space still be allocated on my SSD in a way that I can't use it for any other data? Sometimes it is suggested to add the following line, too: none /var/cache aufs dirs=/tmp:/var/cache=ro 0 0 What does this actually do? I noticed that /var/cache takes almost 1GB of space on my harddisk. So should i clear the directory before activating this line? (this is related to the former question) This causes me some confusions and I hope you can give me some clarifications. UPDATE I've downloaded a image with 600MB in size into /tmp that is mounted with the tmpfs settings above. Now I wanted to compare the RAM usage before and after the download. I expect the RAM usage to be increased by 600MB after the download. But the System Monitoring Tool showed me no changes at all. How can this be? Does tmpfs work other than I actually expect it to?

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Cannot copy MP3 files from a CD

- by MountainX

I purchased a set of spoken word audio CD's that have MP3 and FLAC audio files; I think they also play as regular audio CD's because I see a CDA directory and .cda files. But I'm only interested in playing the MP3 files by copying them to my phone. Dolphin file manager shows all the files on the CD. However, it will not copy any of them to my hard drive, which is what my goal is. Dolphin shows no error, but the copy progress is zero. Amarok will play the files but not easily. I only tried the flac files. To play a file, I click the file in Dolphin, then I have to cancel a job using KDE's notification system, then Amarok proceeds to copy the file to a tmp directory which takes a long time, then it finally plays. kb3 will rip the audio, but I would prefer to copy the files directly from the CD. Since Dolphin would not copy the files, I thought I would try the terminal, but I can't get that to work either. mount -t auto -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt/temp that gives the error: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock, etc. I get the same error using -t iso9660 and -t udf. so I started troubleshooting: ~$ wodim --devices wodim: Overview of accessible drives (1 found) : ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 dev='/dev/sg1' rwrw-- : 'MATSHITA' 'DVD-RAM UJ8A0AS' ------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dev/sg1 is not a block device sudo file -s /dev/sr0 ERROR: cannot read /dev/sr0 (input/output error) sudo file -s /dev/sg1 just hangs How can I copy these files to my computer hard disk?

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Best way to let users choose country/language when submiting an URL to a directory

- by Claudiu

Hi all, I want to offer the user the possibility to add the country/language for websites they would submit to a fairly simple website directory. I have a folder with flags from http://www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/flags/ . The flag images are named according to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, meaning that I could make a PHP script that would be able to retrieve images and the name of the country retrieved from the image name (not the full name, but it wouldn't be necessary). Just to make things clearer, I couldn't find a proper combo-box jQuery plugin for my needs (that would act exactly like the native but with an icon before the text) and don't really have the time to develop one on my own. Considering the number of images, I also wouldn't just display them all with a radio box near them. Also, having a classic drop-down list would be a nightmare for me as I would have to assign the short country name manually to each entry, or do it once for every country. Offering the user a dropdown list with the short country names but no flag near them would also be unfriendly and confusing. The idea is that every website featured in the directory would have the country flag icon near it. I have the images named properly but I don't know how to let the user choose the right image for their website. Any idees? Thank you all in advance! EDIT Temporary solution is this file: http://www.andrewpatton.com/countrylist.csv It contains a list of countries including various other info, like the short country name, the same name that's used for the flag images. I can take that information and have a classic like this: <select name="countries"> <option value="ro">Romania</option> <option value="ie">Ireland</option>  </select> Still, If anybody has a better idea...

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Converting legacy GRUB menu entries to GRUB 2

- by WindowsEscapist

I would like to change an entry for a solution to boot from CD from legacy grub (looks like title bla bla bla) to an entry to a format compatible to grub 2 (the one that looks like menuentry "bla bla bla" {. The original legacy GRUB entry is as follows: title Boot From CD/DVD Drive kernel /boot/grub/memdisk.din initrd /boot/grub/sbootmgr.dsk Is there any sort of conversion rule to change this to something like the example I've put here on the next line? (This is from my precise's grub.cfg.) menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-25-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos8)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root efc87ac0-daac-4a32-9a85-ea57beff0e28 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-25-generic root=UUID=efc87ac0-daac-4a32-9a85-ea57beff0e28 ro quiet splash acpi_osi= $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-25-generic }

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Lost files after installing Ubuntu

- by Joshua Rosato

I installed Ubuntu on my laptop over windows, I had 2 partitions on one hard disk. It seems like my second partition is gone with all my files. How can I recover the old files? They weren't on the same partition as Windows. I read that the partition has probably just not been mounted so ran sudo fdisk -l to find all the partitions and then ran sudo mount, however I can't tell from the results of sudo mount what is not mounted and I am also unsure how to mount it once I find the unmounted partition. sudo fdisk -l - Results Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002c6dc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 486322175 243160064 83 Linux /dev/sda2 486324222 488396799 1036289 5 Extended /dev/sda5 486324224 488396799 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris sudo mount - Results /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw) systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=joshy1)

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Automatic TRIM vs. manual TRIM

- by Eike Cochu

I am currently trying to find out how to trim with my new TP and was wondering about the difference of manual/online trimming. Here is my setup: ThinkPad T430s with SSD Samsung 830, 128GB and Xubuntu 12.10, here are some outputs to check if trim will work on my system (got these from here: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/SSD/TRIM) root@eike-tp:~# sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep -i TRIM * Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks) First, I tried the online trimming: How to enable TRIM? my fstab with discard inserted: UUID=d6c49c17-a4f1-466c-9f7e-896c20db3bba / ext4 discard,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=a0322f5f-c6c1-4896-863f-668f0638d8cf none swap sw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 I tried to test if it works (but I don't get any zeroes when I try it with /dev/sda), but found out that this method is only possible with SSD type 2 and I seem to have type 3. So I don't know if it works or not. The Ubuntuwiki (first link) recommends manual trimming, so I set up a daily cronjob instead of discard: #!/bin/sh LOG=/var/log/batched_discard.log echo "*** $(date -R) ***" >> $LOG fstrim -v / >> $LOG the wiki article suggests weekly or daily. Now to my questions: How often executes the automated trim? How often is recommended? Online vs. manual trimming? Thank you for your help

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Canon MG6100 series USB Printer not mounting

- by user35201

Printer MP6150 driver installed itself upon plugging in the printer. Printer is recognized (lsusb shows it) but does not mount. If the printer is recognized, the driver must be working (or?), but something is blocking the system from mounting the printer. Tried the usual things: power of printer, restart Ubuntu etc. Listed below result of lsusb and fstab: hans@kontor-linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04a9:174a Canon, Inc. Bus 002 Device 002: ID 1058:1001 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. External Hard Disk [Elements] Bus 004 Device 002: ID 046d:c517 Logitech, Inc. LX710 Cordless Desktop Laser hans@kontor-linux:~$ sudo cat /etc/fstab [sudo] password for hans: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=eaf3b38d-1c81-4de9-98d4-3834d674ff6e / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=93a667d3-6132-45b5-ad51-1f8a46c5b437 none swap sw 0 0

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Why is my root filesystem always scanned at boot?

- by luri

I always have a pause at boot saying my filesystems are being checked (with a "press C to cancel" note, too). Actually (seeing boot.log) I think it's the / fs, which is located at /dev/sdb5 Several questions altoghether, here (hope this does not break any rule): Is this normal? Can I (or even should I) prevent this anyhow? According to boot.log (below) the fs does not seem to be 'clean', or, at least, it's in an state or condition that makes fsck always can it for errors for a while (just a few seconds). How can I fix it? Edit: This is my boot.log: fsck desde util-linux-ng 2.17.2 udevd[515]: can not read '/etc/udev/rules.d/z80_user.rules' /dev/sdb5: 249045/32841728 ficheros (0.3% no contiguos), 20488485/131338752 bloques init: ureadahead-other main process (1111) terminated with status 4 init: ureadahead-other main process (1116) terminated with status 4 Password: * Starting AppArmor profiles [160G Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.bin.firefox [154G[ OK ] * Setting sensors limits [160G [154G[ OK ] And this is dumpe2fs results for the filesystem being checked (well, the relevant part of the log): Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: / Filesystem UUID: 42509bf9-f3e6-460a-8947-ec0f5c1fbcc8 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 32841728 Block count: 131338752 Reserved block count: 6566937 Free blocks: 110850356 Free inodes: 32592701 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 992 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Fri Dec 10 19:44:15 2010 Last mount time: Mon Feb 14 17:00:02 2011 Last write time: Mon Feb 14 16:59:45 2011 Mount count: 1 Maximum mount count: 33 Last checked: Mon Feb 14 16:59:45 2011 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Sat Aug 13 17:59:45 2011 Lifetime writes: 331 GB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 First orphan inode: 28049496 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: d3d24459-514b-4413-b840-e970b766095b Journal backup: inode blocks Journal features: journal_incompat_revoke Tamaño de fichero de transacciones: 128M Journal length: 32768 Journal sequence: 0x0005e0c4 Journal start: 1 This is the relevant (at least I think this is the fs being checked) line in fstab: #Entry for /dev/sdb5 : UUID=42509bf9-f3e6-460a-8947-ec0f5c1fbcc8 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1

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Multisession burn in Imgburn

- by blntechie

Is Multisession burn available in Imgburn? If not, any idea whether it will be implemented in future? I almost recommended Imgburn instead of Nero or Roxio to one of my friend. He requires multisession burning and I found no options to enable it,if available in Options. Note: Please don't question the question. Like, Why would you want multisession anyway? or Isn't USB stick/RW Disk is what you need instead of a RO CD/DVD? Please keep the answers in context. I know that I can use USB sticks instead of CD/DVD and my friend require mulisession anyway. May be I can ask him to keep Nero as a backup for this purpose if Imgburn don't support this.

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Canon MG6100 series USB printer receives job but doesn't physically print

- by Old-linux-fan

Printer MP6150 driver installed itself upon plugging in the printer. Printer is recognized (lsusb shows it) but does not mount. If the printer is recognized, the driver must be working (or?), but something is blocking the system from mounting the printer. Tried the usual things: power of printer, restart Ubuntu etc. Listed below result of lsusb and fstab: hans@kontor-linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04a9:174a Canon, Inc. Bus 002 Device 002: ID 1058:1001 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. External Hard Disk [Elements] Bus 004 Device 002: ID 046d:c517 Logitech, Inc. LX710 Cordless Desktop Laser hans@kontor-linux:~$ sudo cat /etc/fstab [sudo] password for hans: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=eaf3b38d-1c81-4de9-98d4-3834d674ff6e / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=93a667d3-6132-45b5-ad51-1f8a46c5b437 none swap sw 0 0

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Problem with Xen, xvda and sda

- by Javier J. Salmeron Garcia

I am creating a cloud for my university using Eucalyptus with Xen (PCs have Debian Squeeze 64 bit installed). I have a problem with the following guest configuration: # # Configuration file for the Xen instance evenmorefinalfoo, created # by xen-tools 4.2 on Thu May 26 11:03:06 2011. # # # Kernel + memory size # kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-xen-amd64' ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-xen-amd64' vcpus = '1' memory = '128' # # Disk device(s). # root = '/dev/sda2 ro' disk = [ 'file:/home/xen/domains/evenmorefinalfoo/disk.img,sda2,w', 'file:/home/xen/domains/evenmorefinalfoo/swap.img,sda1,w', ] As you can see, the disk and swap images are meant to be mounted on sda1 and sda2. However, when I start the guest, these are mounted on xvda1 xvda2, provoking an error. Is there anything that I can do about that? It seems like it is a Xen error. Thank you in advance,

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Best way to let users choose country/language when submiting an URL to a directory

- by Claudiu

I want to offer the user the possibility to add the country/language for websites they would submit to a fairly simple website directory. I have a folder with flags from http://www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/flags/ . The flag images are named according to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, meaning that I could make a PHP script that would be able to retrieve images and the name of the country retrieved from the image name (not the full name, but it wouldn't be necessary). Just to make things clearer, I couldn't find a proper combo-box jQuery plugin for my needs (that would act exactly like the native but with an icon before the text) and don't really have the time to develop one on my own. Considering the number of images, I also wouldn't just display them all with a radio box near them. Also, having a classic drop-down list would be a nightmare for me as I would have to assign the short country name manually to each entry, or do it once for every country. Offering the user a dropdown list with the short country names but no flag near them would also be unfriendly and confusing. The idea is that every website featured in the directory would have the country flag icon near it. I have the images named properly but I don't know how to let the user choose the right image for their website. Any idees? Thank you all in advance! EDIT Temporary solution is this file: http://www.andrewpatton.com/countrylist.csv It contains a list of countries including various other info, like the short country name, the same name that's used for the flag images. I can take that information and have a classic like this: <select name="countries"> <option value="ro">Romania</option> <option value="ie">Ireland</option>  </select> Still, If anybody has a better idea...

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Can't access external hard drives or thumb drives

- by calden

I am not a complete linux noob but I don't know a lot either and would greatly appreciate some help with this. I just installed Ubuntu 10.10 onto my laptop. Everything is working great however USB devices such as thumb drives and external hard drives wont show up. I have been looking around a bit and when I run sudo fdisk -l it displays this: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00065684 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 29255 234983424 83 Linux /dev/sda2 29255 30402 9212929 5 Extended /dev/sda5 29255 30402 9212928 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 16.0 GB, 16026435072 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15283 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000df90d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 15283 15649776 7 HPFS/NTFS It does seem to display my 16 gig thumb drive but other then seeing it here I cant access it to read and write files to it. It does the same with my external hard drive. I know those devices work as I have tried them on my other computer and they are working fine. Also this is what is in fstab if this will help anybody help me: proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/sdb1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sdb5 none swap sw 0 0 Thank you very much for the help everyone.

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Hide icons encrypted file system partitions in Nautilus

- by Eddy Pronk

I've installed Ubuntu 10.04 from the alternate CD. It has an encrypted root and swap partition. The root partition is visible in Nautilus as 'File Syste' icon. There is another icon "216 GB Filesystem". If I click it says: Unable to mount 216 GB Filesystem. /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt is mounted. Then there is another icon "6.1 GB Swap Space". If I click it it says: Unable to mount 6.1 GB Swap Space. Not a mountable file system. How can I hide these last two icons? Partition layout: $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda [sudo] password for eddyp: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa6e92df4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 11749 94373811 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 11871 38914 217219073 5 Extended /dev/sda3 * 11750 11871 976896 83 Linux /dev/sda5 11871 38167 211220480 83 Linux /dev/sda6 38167 38914 5997568 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Mounted as: $ mount /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) /dev/sda3 on /boot type ext4 (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/eddyp/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=eddyp) /dev/sda1 on /media/S3A6595D003 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions)

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CentOS 6: Can not start NFS

- by Chris

I am unable to start the NFS service. When starting there is no error. But the services are stopt after it. No messages at all in /var/log/messages. Same happens to rpcbind serivce. Any idea what this could be? I also tried to disable iptables. [root@server1 ~]# service nfs start [root@server1 ~]# service nfs status rpc.svcgssd is stopped rpc.mountd is stopped nfsd is stopped rpc.rquotad is stopped [root@server1 ~]# service rpcbind start [root@server1 ~]# service rpcbind status rpcbind is stopped [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/exports /tmp *(ro) [root@server1 ~]# chkconfig --list | egrep '(rpcbind|nfs)' nfs 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off nfslock 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

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All files on automounted NTFS partition are marked as executable

- by MHC

I have set up an NTFS partition to automount via fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=e63fa8a2-432f-4749-b9db-dab328807d04 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=e9ad1bb4-7c1f-4ea9-a6a5-799dfad71c0a /boot ext4 defaults 0 2 # /home was on /dev/sda8 during installation UUID=eda8c755-5448-4de8-b58c-9cb75823c22d /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # swap was on /dev/sda9 during installation UUID=804ff3a7-e5dd-406a-b63c-e8f3c635fbc5 none swap sw 0 0 #Windows-Partition UUID=368CEBC57807FDCD /media/Share ntfs defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,noexec 0 0 As you can see I have added the noexec bit to the configuration. Why? Because any file I create on or move to the partition is automatically marked as executable. The problem is that there is no way of changing that through nautilus. I cannot uncheck the "Allow executing file as program" option. The noexec option doesn't help, unfortunately. It only prevents nautilus from displaying the "run" or "read" dialog but doesn't change the executable flag. Is there any way I can fix this?

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Cryptswap boot error - can't mount?

- by woody

I believe i have my swap set up but am not sure because on start up it says that it is something along the lines of "could not mount /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 M for manual S for skip". But it appears to be mounted? I have already tried this solution with no success. When i run free -m the output is: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3887 769 3117 0 54 348 -/+ buffers/cache: 366 3520 Swap: 4026 0 4026 and sudo bklid is: /dev/sda1: UUID="9fb3ccd6-3732-4989-bfa4-e943a09f1153" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: UUID="bd9fe154-8621-48b3-95d2-ae5c91f373fd" TYPE="swap" and cat /etc/crypttab is: cryptswap1 /dev/sda5 /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 my /etc/fstab is: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=9fb3ccd6-3732-4989-bfa4-e943a09f1153 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation #UUID=bb0e378e-8742-435a-beda-ae7788a7c1b0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0 cat /proc/swaps output is: Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/dm-0 partition 4123644 0 -1 Is my swap not setup correctly or how can i fix my boot message?

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htaccess correct, Apache logs still showing the evil visitors with 200 code

- by bulgin

I hope someone can help me. Please take a look at the following snippet of Apache logs: 95-169-172-157.evilvisitor.com - - [12/Nov/2012:09:46:02 -0500] "GET /the-page-I-dont-want-to-deliver.html HTTP/1.1" 200 9171 "http://hackers.ru/" "Mozilla/4.0 (MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; Search)" I have the following included in my .htaccess for the root directory of the website and there are no other .htaccess files anywhere that would affect this: RewriteEngine On Options +FollowSymLinks ServerSignature Off ErrorDocument 403 "Nothing Interesting Here" order allow,deny deny from evilvisitor.com deny from hackers.ru deny from anonymouse.org allow from all I also have GeoIP functioning properly and have this included there: #for stuff from different countries RewriteCond %{ENV:GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE} ^(UA|TR|RU|RO|LV|CZ|IR|HR|KR|TW|NO|NL|NO|IL|SE) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ [R=F,L I know this works because whenever I attempt to access the website from a proxy in say, Spain, I get the error message. I also know it works because when accessing the website from anonymouse.org, the proper error code page is displayed. So then why am I still getting these visitors who successfully access the page I don't want them to see with an Apache 200 code when it should be an error code?

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Still can't mount windows 8 drive after restart

- by Ishai Bloch

After following the instructions in other posts, I am still getting the same error when I try to mount my Windows 8 drive in Ubuntu 14.04 on a dual boot system. I have disabled fast start after shutdown, hybrid hibernation, and the preinstalled Asus Instant On service. I have tried restarting Windows rather than shutting down. In all cases I get the same error message, namely: Error mounting /dev/sda4 at /media/jesse/OS: Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda4" "/media/jesse/OS"' exited with non-zero exit status 14: Windows is hibernated, refused to mount. Failed to mount '/dev/sda4': Operation not permitted The NTFS partition is in an unsafe state. Please resume and shutdown Windows fully (no hibernation or fast restarting), or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option. I did not have the same issue before upgrading from Ubuntu 12 to 14. For what it's worth my computer is supposedly a "hybrid" with an SSD drive installed, although I can't see that the SSD drive is being used at all with my present settings. Any thoughts?

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ksoftirqd uses 100% cpu

- by andy

I am running 32bit Ubuntu 10.04. A lot of the times ksoftirqd/0 or ksoftirqd/1 start using up 100% CPU for no apparent reason, and I am forced to reboot my laptop. Incidentally this also happens when I maximize my (youtube) videos on Chrome and Fireox, but once I un-maximize the videos the CPU usage goes down to the original levels. Any ideas what it going on? --- Addendum --- dmesg produces a ~2000 line output. I searched for 'error' and 'warning' in the output, and here are the relevant lines (along with some headers): [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.32-21-generic (buildd@yellow) (gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) ) #32-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 16 08:09:38 UTC 2010 (Ubuntu 2.6.32-21.32-generic 2.6.32.11+drm33.2) [ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=157dcfda-acd6-4d1b-a6a8-ff9ccff61906 ro quiet splash [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 24.775546] EXT3-fs warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended [44920.210518] ata1: SError: { PHYRdyChg CommWake 10B8B Dispar LinkSeq TrStaTrns } [44920.210531] res 40/00:00:f0:4b:7f/00:00:18:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error) [58673.134623] chrome[20101]: segfault at 7f38bc4ad000 ip 00007f38be769ecc sp 00007fff24616850 error 4 in libpepflashplayer.so[7f38bdc08000+e55000] [ 24.775546] EXT3-fs warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended [44920.210531] res 40/00:00:f0:4b:7f/00:00:18:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)

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Ubuntu Server 11.10 boot, white terminal with garbled black text

- by SpeedCrazy

I just installed Ubuntu server 11.10 and the install went fine. This system is running on an Intel Pentium II board with onboard graphics. However when I try to boot into Ubuntu I get a white terminal with garbled black text. I have tried various grub 'fixes' as googling the issue seemed to suggest it was a res or grub related issue. I cannot ssh in so the issue does affect Linux as well. I have had no luck with anything thus far and am at my wits end. This was my first Ubuntu excursion as my friend told me it was better for servers than CentOS because it was easier... Not so much.... Does anyone have any ideas as to what the issue could be? When answering bear in mind I am an Ubuntu noob and Linux novice. As of 1/26/12 I have tried to add the console=ttyl line to the /etc/default/grub and run update-grub. This results in the line in the boot parameters that normally reads: linux /vmlunz-3.0.0-12-generic-pae root=/dev/mapper/dev-root rovt.handoff=7 now reads: linux /vmlunz-3.0.0-12-generic-pae root=/dev/mapper/dev-root ro console=ttyl vt.handoff=7 This does not work. Is there anyway to have console=ttyl inserted on a line by itself? I am at my wits ends, Thanks for all your help, Speed

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Ubuntu 12.04 slow boot on ASUS, attached with dmesg and bootchart

- by stanleyhunk

I heard that Ubuntu can boot up around 30sec, but I take more than 60sec every time my Ubuntu boot. I also read some forum said need to post the dmesg and bootchart to identify which process slowing down the booting time, as I'm not expert in Ubuntu and wish to learn more about it, I humbly ask any pro here to teach me how. My laptop specs: Model : ASUS K45VS RAM : 8MB CPU : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3630QM CPU @ 2.40GHz x 8 Graphic Card : nVidia GeForce GT 645M HDD : 750GB OS : Single boot Ubuntu 12.04LTS System.uname : Linux 3.8.0-39-generic #58~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri May 2 21:33:40 UTC 2014 x86_64 System.release : Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS System.kernel.options : BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-39-generic root=UUID=c8a71503-bce8-406c-9a5f-5aa8284f5c7c ro quiet splash My dmesg (which highlighted to the huge time frame gap): [ 30.772656] cgroup: libvirtd (1961) created nested cgroup for controller "memory" which has incomplete hierarchy support. Nested cgroups may change behavior in the future. [ 30.772659] cgroup: "memory" requires setting use_hierarchy to 1 on the root. [ 30.772683] cgroup: libvirtd (1961) created nested cgroup for controller "devices" which has incomplete hierarchy support. Nested cgroups may change behavior in the future. [ 30.772710] cgroup: libvirtd (1961) created nested cgroup for controller "blkio" which has incomplete hierarchy support. Nested cgroups may change behavior in the future. [ 32.140335] nvidia 0000:01:00.0: irq 46 for MSI/MSI-X [ 32.505619] ACPI Error: Field [TMPB] at 1081344 exceeds Buffer [ROM1] size 262144 (bits) (20121018/dsopcode-236) [ 32.505624] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed [\_SB_.PCI0.PEG0.PEGP._ROM] (Node ffff880224e91f00), AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20121018/psparse-537) [ 802.034422] audit_printk_skb: 69 callbacks suppressed [ 802.034428] type=1400 audit(1400914804.392:35): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" pid=1683 comm="cupsd" pid=1683 comm="cupsd" capability=36 capname="block_suspend" [ 1581.300901] type=1400 audit(1400915584.816:36): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" pid=1683 comm="cupsd" pid=1683 comm="cupsd" capability=36 capname="block_suspend" My Bootchart.png: Looking forward to learn to improve both my booting time and knowledge. Thanks in advance :)

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Ubuntu hangs on boot when NFS-mounting entries in /etc/fstab, but they mount cleanly otherwise

- by lorin

I'm managing several Ubuntu 9.10 servers that NFS mount several folders (including /home). I'd like these folders to be mounted at boot time. I would like to have several entries in my /etc/fstab to accomplish this, e.g. 192.168.1.100:/home /home nfs rw 0 0 192.168.1.100:/usr/ansys_inc /ansys_inc nfs ro 0 0 Unfortunately, with this configuration, the servers usually (although not always) hang during the bootup sequence when trying to do the NFS mount. if I comment out these fstab entries, reboot the machine, uncomment them and mount them manually using the shell, the folders mount cleanly. I'm not sure how to go about debugging this problem. It seems like it has something to do with the boot sequence, that some relevant process hasn't been started by the time the OS tries to mount the folders.

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