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• Sustaining Dual Channel among many RAM modules

  - by Odys

  I'd like to know what are the factors that need to be set in order to sustain the Dual Channel mode. In a mobo with 4 DDR3 slots: Do I have to put pair of chips? Eg: If I put 3 identical chips only, will I have Dual channel or not? If I put 4 Ram chips that aren't from of same ventor/model, will I have the same latency among them (the highest of all)? Also, will I sustain Dual Channel mode? If one Ram has max frequency of 1033 and the other 3 chips are of 1300, will I have 1033Mhz for all chips and Dual Channel mode on? What if I put 2x4Gb and 2x8Gb chips (latency, Dual Channel)? Can I put 4Gb chips in slots 1 and 3 and 8Gb in slots 2 and 4 and still have dual channel mode enabled? (Some of the questions might sound silly but their answers aren't that clear to me) (Also, assume that there aren't any bottlenecks because of other parts on the system)

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• What is the SMMA flag?

  - by nimit parekh

  I'm new to computer architecture. What is the full form of the SMMA flag? Where is it used? Please help me understand it with a brief description.

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• HP Makes Its Mobile Move, Saves Palm From Collapse; Will Developers Stick?

  Will HP's purchase of Palm be enough to keep developers creating apps for the platform?

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• HP Makes Its Mobile Move, Saves Palm From Collapse; Will Developers Stick?

  Will HP's purchase of Palm be enough to keep developers creating apps for the platform?

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• Xorg eating up too much RAM on Ubuntu 9.10 box

  - by Yang

  Xorg is eating up 444MB of 2GB total RAM on my Ubuntu 9.10 x86_64 machine with nvidia drivers installed for the nvidia G86 (GeForce 8300 GS). top shows: top - 18:21:41 up 6 days, 2:40, 9 users, load average: 0.46, 1.12, 1.22 Tasks: 266 total, 3 running, 262 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 8.4%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.1%id, 0.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2055736k total, 1965136k used, 90600k free, 3952k buffers Swap: 979924k total, 979908k used, 16k free, 102636k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1432 root 20 0 1154m 442m 7492 S 8 22.0 32:56.97 Xorg 18462 yang 20 0 1001m 219m 8356 S 0 10.9 5:13.25 chrome 24099 yang 20 0 865m 83m 13m S 0 4.2 0:06.91 chrome xrestop shows: xrestop - Display: :0.0 Monitoring 47 clients. XErrors: 0 Pixmaps: 40430K total, Other: 142K total, All: 40573K total res-base Wins GCs Fnts Pxms Misc Pxm mem Other Total PID Identifier 1c00000 21 46 1 19 697 9128K 18K 9146K 3169 x-nautilus-desktop 1000000 4 3 0 17 194 9000K 4K 9004K 3134 gnome-settings-daemon 1600000 51 2 1 25 1100 7648K 28K 7676K ? compiz For comparison, here's my other Ubuntu box, which also has compiz etc. enabled but with ATI RV370 (Radeon X300SE): top - 18:18:18 up 58 days, 4:27, 9 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 224 total, 1 running, 223 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.8%id, 0.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024964k total, 987124k used, 37840k free, 247012k buffers Swap: 2048276k total, 94296k used, 1953980k free, 264744k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24324 yang 20 0 61936 35m 6364 S 0 3.5 4:35.84 nxagent 1768 ntop 20 0 190m 32m 5388 S 1 3.2 283:36.15 ntop 1178 root 20 0 60588 29m 1788 S 0 3.0 5:48.89 console-kit-dae ... 1315 root 20 0 343m 4956 4020 S 0 0.5 3:43.87 Xorg Any ideas on how to get to the bottom of this? (i.e. not "Log out"/"Reboot") Thanks in advance.

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• Slow Memcached: Average 10ms memcached `get`

  - by Chris W.

  We're using Newrelic to measure our Python/Django application performance. Newrelic is reporting that across our system "Memcached" is taking an average of 12ms to respond to commands. Drilling down into the top dozen or so web views (by # of requests) I can see that some Memcache get take up to 30ms; I can't find a single use of Memcache get that returns in less than 10ms. More details on the system architecture: Currently we have four application servers each of which has a memcached member. All four memcached members participate in a memcache cluster. We're running on a cloud hosting provider and all traffic is running across the "internal" network (via "internal" IPs) When I ping from one application server to another the responses are in ~0.5ms Isn't 10ms a slow response time for Memcached? As far as I understand if you think "Memcache is too slow" then "you're doing it wrong". So am I doing it wrong? Here's the output of the memcache-top command: memcache-top v0.7 (default port: 11211, color: on, refresh: 3 seconds) INSTANCE USAGE HIT % CONN TIME EVICT/s GETS/s SETS/s READ/s WRITE/s cache1:11211 37.1% 62.7% 10 5.3ms 0.0 73 9 3958 84.6K cache2:11211 42.4% 60.8% 11 4.4ms 0.0 46 12 3848 62.2K cache3:11211 37.5% 66.5% 12 4.2ms 0.0 75 17 6056 170.4K AVERAGE: 39.0% 63.3% 11 4.6ms 0.0 64 13 4620 105.7K TOTAL: 0.1GB/ 0.4GB 33 13.9ms 0.0 193 38 13.5K 317.2K (ctrl-c to quit.) ** Here is the output of the top command on one machine: ** (Roughly the same on all cluster machines. As you can see there is very low CPU utilization, because these machines only run memcache.) top - 21:48:56 up 1 day, 4:56, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.06, 0.05 Tasks: 70 total, 1 running, 69 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.3%st Mem: 501392k total, 424940k used, 76452k free, 66416k buffers Swap: 499996k total, 13064k used, 486932k free, 181168k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 6519 nobody 20 0 384m 74m 880 S 1.0 15.3 18:22.97 memcached 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:38.03 ksoftirqd/0 1 root 20 0 24332 1552 776 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.56 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0 5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/u:0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.62 watchdog/0 8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset 9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper ...output truncated...

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• How much processor speed and cores do I need for these tasks?

  - by ajay

  I am planning to buy a new laptop as I find my current one very slow. My question here is specifically related to RAM size and CPU power. I will mostly be doing development (not much games). I would be dabbling in distributed computing, multithreaded and data intensive parallelizable tasks on multi-cores. For e.g. I would want to be able to Concurrent programming in Scala/Java/Clojure etc. and be able to see parallelization. Furthermore, I would want the RAM to be enough. But from a developer machine standpoint, do you think 4GB RAM and 2.53GHz Dual Core processor would be enough. I'm basically looking at this model: http://store.apple.com/us/configure/MC118LL/A?mco=MTM3NDcyODk (link dead)

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• mpirun -np N, what if N is larger than my core number?

  - by Daniel

  Say I have a 4-core workstation, what would linux (Ubuntu) do if I execute mpirun -np 9 XXX Q1. Will 9 run immediately together, or they will run 4 after 4? Q2. I suppose that using 9 is not good, because the remainder 1, it will make the computer confused, (I don't know is it going to be confused at all, or the "head" of the computer will decide which core among the 4 cores will be used?) Or it will be randomly picked. Who decide which one core to call? Q3. If I feel my cpu is not bad and my ram is okay and large enough, and my case is not very big. Is it a good idea in order to fully use my cpu and ram, that I do mpirun -np 8 XXX, or even mpirun -np 12 XXX. Q4. Who decides all of these effciency optimization, Ubuntu, or linux, or motherboard or cpu? Your enlightenment would be really appreciated.

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• Is bigger capacity ram faster then smaller capacity ram for same clock and CL?

  - by didibus

  I know that bigger capacity hard-drives with the same RPM are faster then smaller capacity hard-drives. I was wondering if the same is true for ram. Given two ram clocked at 1600mhz and with identical CLs: 9-9-9-24. Is a 2x8 going to perform better then a 2x4 ? Note that I am not asking if having more ram will improve the performance of my PC, I'm asking if the bigger capacity ram performs better. Thank You.

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• Can we decrease page swapping?

  - by Benjamin

  My system has a 5GB RAM. And my paging file size is 2GB Even though I have many RAM, page-swapping still occurs. But I don't want to that. I know how adjust the paging file size. If I resize the paging file size(ex 200MB?), Doesn't Windows System do any swapping? Are there side-effects?

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• How many times can data be read from a USB flash drive?

  - by John

  While I am aware that performing writes on a USB flash drive degrades the life expectancy of the device. I have heard the quantity of writes is anywhere from 100 thousand to 10 million, but I have not heard about number of read operations. Does reading from the device count toward this total? I am interested in writing only once to a flash drive and setting it to read-only. Then reading files from the device a thousand or more times per day, but am wondering if (at say 1,000 reads per day), the flash drive will need to be replaced within 100 days (assuming a 100,000 r/w cycle lifetime)?

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• How do you use 4GB of RAM?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have a Quad Core Intel PC with 4GB of RAM - I've been using it over a year to run web server stress tests (ab.exe -n 5000 -c 500), encode HD video, play games, open hundreds of tabs in multiple browsers (simultaneously), worked on multi-layered +8000px art in photoshop and just about every other thing you can think of. As of yet I've never passed 2.3GB of RAM usage. How in the world do you use all 4GB? Is there any use for it?

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• Only 2.99 Gb RAM usable out of 8GB in Windows 8 32 bit [closed]

  - by user1832280

  Possible Duplicate: 8gb ram in 32bit operating system I have installed 8 GB RAM in my system. Also upgraded OS to Windows 8 32 bit. My System configuration: Intel i7 960. Ram Crossair 4 GB X 2 1666Mhz Motherboard Asus Rampage III Gene Video card: NVIDIA GeForce GT 240. 2 TB Seagate I have updated all drivers BIOS also. But my system showing only 2.99 GB out of 8GB usable RAM. Please help me fix this problem.

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• Virtual Machines: What components should I upgrade to improve running virtual machines?

  - by joshsvoss

  at work I need to have one or sometimes two instances of a vmware virtual Windows 7 machine running on my real Windows 7 machine. The computer I'm using is Dell Precision 490 from 2009 I believe, possibly earlier. Running Windows 7 ultimate. Problems while running VM's: The entire computer slows down when a vmware instance is running. Pages take a while to react to a scroll, applications take forever to launch, and programs hang both in the virtual machines and on the real one. So, what components should I upgrade to improve this? I guess a more pointed question would be, which components will help the most? Possible options: Getting 8gb of RAM instead of 4gb new graphics card new processors? (Is that really an option?) My intuition tells me it will be a combination of the RAM and graphics card. There is also the possibility that an '09 tower just isn't cut out for vm's and our business should purchase a new tower.

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• Can I move the Flash temp folder/buffer (Win64)

  - by xciter

  I need to move the folder in which the Flash plugin saves its temporary files (so NOT the browser cache folder). Normally, the plugin saves its buffered content in the default temporary folder of the operating system. However, I do not want to move that folder. In other words, I only need to change the folder which flash uses. My operating system is Windows 7 64-bit. I am using the latest version of the flash plugin.

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• Operation System Clone from a Motherboard to Another

  - by Devian

  Lately we had an idea with my Family of building a Super Computer from Scratch. So while we were planning on building our setup, one idea came to my head that it seems possible but i want also your opinions. Lets say that we have 2 ATX Motherboards and 1 MicroATX. Motherboard Setup: 1x ASUS Rampage Extreme Black Edition 1x Intel Core i7 4960x 4x GTX Titan 8x 8GB 1866 Ram Motherboard Setup: 1x SuperMicro X9DRG-QF 2x Intel Xeon E7-8890V2 1x nVIDIA QUADRO K6000 4x nVIDIA Tesla K40 128 GB 1866 Ram And imagine a Solid State Drive with a Switch connected to both of the MotherBoards Can i edit & copy all the data of The first motherboard's RAM to The Other's to be able to continue operating my current Operation System after switching the SSD to the Second Motherboard, from the Second MotherBoard and vice versa? Les say my "Switch Application" modifies everything the Kernel needs to believe nothing happend and continuing its operation from the same point the first motherboard stopped. (Changes on the Device List, CPU Cores, Drivers... etc)

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• Weird screeching sounds coming from computer

  - by EGHDK

  My computer makes a high pitched whine noise that initially was coming from my SSD, but now I recently installed more ram into my laptop and it makes a new sounds. I don't want my ram or SSD to die on me. Are there any tests to test both of these? Again, these are really high pitched whine(y) sounds that you wouldn't hear normally, but when I'm home alone and it's silent, the noise sounds as loud as can be.

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• Tomcat - Persistent Object

  - by David

  I am running a servlet that recommends items based on a data model. The data model has to be loaded into an object from a database each time user makes a request to the sever and since the data is the same for all the users I would like this object to be loaded once only. I am very new to Tomcat and don't know where to look so any advice will be appreciated. Thanks!

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• Oracle Exadata X3 announcement at Oracle Openworld

  - by Javier Puerta

  Oracle Announces Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory MachineOracle Press ReleaseFourth Generation Exadata X3 Systems are Ideal for High-End OLTP, Large Data Warehouses, and Database Clouds; Eighth-Rack Configuration Offers New Low-Cost Entry Point During his opening keynote address at Oracle OpenWorld, Oracle CEO, Larry Ellison announced the Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine - the latest generation of its Oracle Exadata Database Machines. The Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine is a key component of the Oracle Cloud. Oracle Exadata X3-2 Database In-Memory Machine and Oracle Exadata X3-8 Database In-Memory Machine can store up to hundreds of Terabytes of compressed user data in Flash and RAM memory, virtually eliminating the performance overhead of reads and writes to slow disk drives, making Exadata X3 systems the ideal database platforms for the varied and unpredictable workloads of cloud computing. In order to realize the highest performance at the lowest cost, the Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine implements a mass memory hierarchy that automatically moves all active data into Flash and RAM memory, while keeping less active data on low-cost disks. With a new Eighth-Rack configuration, the Oracle Exadata X3-2 Database In-Memory Machine delivers a cost-effective entry point for smaller workloads, testing, development and disaster recovery systems, and is a fully redundant system that can be used with mission critical applications. Detailed info at Oracle Exadata Database Machine

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• Is bigger capacity ram faster then smaller capacity ram for same clock and CL? [migrated]

  - by didibus

  I know that bigger capacity hard-drives with the same RPM are faster then smaller capacity hard-drives. I was wondering if the same is true for ram. Given two ram clocked at 1600mhz and with identical CLs: 9-9-9-24. Is a 2x8 going to perform better then a 2x4 ? Note that I am not asking if having more ram will improve the performance of my PC, I'm asking if the bigger capacity ram performs better. Thank You.

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• Motherboard booting without RAM in Dimm1

  - by Jesus Ramos

  Is it possible to have a motherboard boot without placing RAM in the DIMM1 slot? Our new cooling solutions for motherboards are causing us issues where some boards that have RAM with raised heatsinks will not actually fit because the DIMM1 slot is partially blocked. Currently we mount the RAM in DIMM1 and DIMM3 because it's dual channel, are there any settings that can be changed on the BIOS to allow motherboard to boot without RAM in DIMM1 such as placing the RAM in DIMM2 and DIMM4?

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• Any reason not to disable the Windows pagefile given enough physical RAM?

  - by Evgeny

  The question of disabling the Windows pagefile has already been discussed quite a bit, for example here and here and here. People continue to upvote answers that say "you should not disable your pagefile even if you have plenty of RAM", but I have yet to see any concrete, verifiable reasons being given for this advice. As far as I can see, if you never need to read from the pagefile (because you have enough RAM) then performance could only be worse with it enabled due to Windows pre-emptively writing to it. At best, performance would be the same. I can't see how it could possibly be improved by writing data you never need to read. So my question is: Assuming that I have enough physical RAM for everything I do, is there any reason I should not disable the pagefile? Let's say the version of Windows is Windows XP x64 SP2 or Windows Server 2003 x64 SP2 (same thing). If it's different for Windows Server 2008 x64 I'd be interested to hear an answer for that as well. I'm looking for specific, objective reasons from good sources, not just opinions. Something like "here are the benchmarks done with and without a pagefile and the results were better with a pagefile, even with enough RAM" or "according to this MS KB article problem X occurs if you disable the pagefile". So far the only reasons I've seen mentioned are: Even if you think you have enough RAM you might run out. OK, but for the purposes of this question, let's just take it as a given that I have enough. Maybe I only ever read my email and I have 16GB RAM. Or 128GB. Or 1TB. Or whatever - but it's enough for 100% of what I do, 100% of the time. Another way to think of it is: if I have x MB physical RAM and y MB pagefile and I never run out of RAM in that configuration, would I not be better off, performance-wise, with x+y MB physical RAM and no pagefile? Windows is "used to" having a paging file and it might not function as reliably (from Understanding the Impact of RAM on Overall System Performance That's rather vague and I find it hard to believe, given that MS has provided the option to disable the pagefile. Windows knows what it's doing better than you. No - it doesn't know that I won't run more programs or load more data, but I do.

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• Remote Desktop with resource sharing

  - by Malfist

  I recently removed ubuntu from my laptop and installed Windows 7 because Microsoft's DreamSpark program gave me Visual Studio Pro for free and I want to do some C# programming with it. The problem is that my laptop's screen is small, it's resources are extremely limited, and it doesn't have a full sized keyboard. However, I do have a desktop that is my primary system, and it's got a quadcore and tons of RAM in it, and dual monitors. My question is this, is there a way I can use a program from my laptop, on my desktop, and share my desktops CPU and RAM with the laptop? Everything is connected through a 100 MB/s switch. One caveat, my desktop is running ubuntu.

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• Strange Inode/Ram cache drops happening in CentOS

  - by FunkyChicken

  I run a CentOS 5.7 machine (64bit) with 24GB ram and 4x SAS drives in RAID10 setup. This machine runs nginx/1.0.10, php-fpm & xcache. About a month back the RAM usage of this machine has changed. About every few hours the 'CACHE' is flushed from the RAM, this happens exactly when the 'Inode table usage' drops. I'm pretty sure these drops are related. (see the 2 attached images). This server hosts quite a lot of small files (20M all a few KB big). Not many files are deleted (maybe 100 per hour (total size a few MB max)), not enough to account for the huge Inode table drops. I also have no crons running which could cause these drops. Sar -r output: http://pastebin.com/C4D0B79i My question: Why are these huge RAM/Inode usage drops happening? How can I get Nginx/PHP to use all of my servers RAM?

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• PHP memory_limit local value does not match php.ini value

  - by Buttle Butkus

  CentOS system. Summary: changed memory_limit in master and local php.ini and yet no change in the local value for a particular virtual host. Trying to improve performance, I set the memory_limit to 1024M in /etc/php.ini phpinfo() shows Master and Local values for other virtual hosts on the server as 1024M. Changing the value in /etc/php.ini changes all values, except one. One site is stuck with a local value of 256M. I thought I found the problem: there is a php.ini file (which I didn't know about) in that site's root, and it had memory_limit = 256M I changed it to 1024M. Problem solved? No. And now I don't know where to look. Obviously, I've restarted apache (/etc/init.d/httpd restart), and that usually does the trick. I also turned off APC cache, though I don't think it would cache ini files. And finally, I tried adding this to the virtual host in httpd.conf: php_value memory_limit 536870912 (yes, that would be 5 GB) And that had no effect whatsoever. What else could be the problem? Thanks.

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