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  • Why does adding Crossover to my Genetic Algorithm give me worse results?

    - by MahlerFive
    I have implemented a Genetic Algorithm to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). When I use only mutation, I find better solutions than when I add in crossover. I know that normal crossover methods do not work for TSP, so I implemented both the Ordered Crossover and the PMX Crossover methods, and both suffer from bad results. Here are the other parameters I'm using: Mutation: Single Swap Mutation or Inverted Subsequence Mutation (as described by Tiendil here) with mutation rates tested between 1% and 25%. Selection: Roulette Wheel Selection Fitness function: 1 / distance of tour Population size: Tested 100, 200, 500, I also run the GA 5 times so that I have a variety of starting populations. Stop Condition: 2500 generations With the same dataset of 26 points, I usually get results of about 500-600 distance using purely mutation with high mutation rates. When adding crossover my results are usually in the 800 distance range. The other confusing thing is that I have also implemented a very simple Hill-Climbing algorithm to solve the problem and when I run that 1000 times (faster than running the GA 5 times) I get results around 410-450 distance, and I would expect to get better results using a GA. Any ideas as to why my GA performing worse when I add crossover? And why is it performing much worse than a simple Hill-Climb algorithm which should get stuck on local maxima as it has no way of exploring once it finds a local max?

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  • Is there any algorithm that can solve ANY traditional sudoku puzzles, WITHOUT guessing (or similar techniques)?

    - by justin
    Is there any algorithm that solves ANY traditional sudoku puzzle, WITHOUT guessing? Here Guessing means trying an candidate and see how far it goes, if a contradiction is found with the guess, backtracking to the guessing step and try another candidate; when all candidates are exhausted without success, backtracking to the previous guessing step (if there is one; otherwise the puzzle proofs invalid.), etc. EDIT1: Thank you for your replies. traditional sudoku means 81-box sudoku, without any other constraints. Let us say the we know the solution is unique, is there any algorithm that can GUARANTEE to solve it without backtracking? Backtracking is a universal tool, I have nothing wrong with it but, using a universal tool to solve sudoku decreases the value and fun in deciphering (manually, or by computer) sudoku puzzles. How can a human being solve the so called "the hardest sudoku in the world", does he need to guess? I heard some researcher accidentally found that their algorithm for some data analysis can solve all sudoku. Is that true, do they have to guess too?

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  • Programmaticaly finding the Landau notation (Big O or Theta notation) of an algorithm?

    - by Julien L
    I'm used to search for the Landau (Big O, Theta...) notation of my algorithms by hand to make sure they are as optimized as they can be, but when the functions are getting really big and complex, it's taking way too much time to do it by hand. it's also prone to human errors. I spent some time on Codility (coding/algo exercises), and noticed they will give you the Landau notation for your submitted solution (both in Time and Memory usage). I was wondering how they do that... How would you do it? Is there another way besides Lexical Analysis or parsing of the code? PS: This question concerns mainly PHP and or JavaScript, but I'm opened to any language and theory.

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  • Is there any open source code analyzer for java which I can adopt my software metrics algorithm on it?

    - by daneshkohan
    I am doing my masters dissertation and I have conducted a software metrics. I need to adopt my metrics on an open source tool. I have found PMD and check style on sourceforge.net but there is not adequate explanation about their codes. However, I couldn't to find their source code to customize them. I will be appreciated, if you introduce one open source tool for java which I can customize it's code.

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  • Can I implement the readers and writers algorithm in OpenMP by replacing counting semaphores with another feature?

    - by DeveloperDon
    After reading about OpenMP and not finding functions to support semaphores, I did an internet search for OpenMP and the readers and writers problem, but found no suitable matches. Is there a general method for replacing counting semaphores in OpenMP with something that it supports? Or is there just a gap in the environment where it does not permit things that are asymmetrical like the third readers and writers problem shown on the following page? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readers-writers_problem#The_third_readers-writers_problem

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  • How can I approach creating an efficient algorithm for maximizing value with these specific constraints?

    - by sway
    I'm having trouble coming up with an approach that isn't n^2 for this problem. Here's a contrived, simplified version I've come up with: Let's say you're a company that needs 4 employees to launch in a new city, a manager, two salespeople, and a customer support rep, and you magically know how much impact every candidate will have and how much salary they require to take the job. Your table of potential employees looks something like this: Name Position Salary Impact Adam Smith Manager 60,000 11 Allison Brown Salesperson 40,000 9 Brad Stewart Manager 55,000 9 ...etc (thousands of records) What algorithmic approach can be taken to find the maximum "impact" while still filling all the positions and remaining under, say, a 200,000 budget? Thanks!

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  • Algorithm for dynamically calculating a level based on experience points?

    - by George
    One of the struggles I've always had in game development is deciding how to implement experience points attributed to gaining a level. There doesn't seem to be a pattern to gaining a level in many of the games I've played, so I assume they have a static dictionary table which contains experience points vs. the level. e.g. Experience Level 0 1 100 2 175 3 280 4 800 5 ...There isn't a rhyme or reason why 280 points is equal to level 4, it just is. I'm not sure how those levels are decided, but it certainly wouldn't be dynamic. I've also thought about the possibility of exponential levels, as not to have to keep a separate lookup table, e.g. Experience Level 0 1 100 2 200 3 400 4 800 5 1600 6 3200 7 6400 8 ...but that seems like it would grow out of control rather quickly, as towards the upper levels, the enemies in the game would have to provide a whopping amount of experience to level -- and that would be to difficult to control. Leveling would become an impossible task. Does anyone have any pointers, or methods they use to decide how to level a character based on experience? I want to be fair in leveling and I want to stay ahead of the players as not to worry about constantly adding new experience/level lookups.

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  • What algorithm(s) can be used to achieve reasonably good next word prediction?

    - by yati sagade
    What is a good way of implementing "next-word prediction"? For example, the user types "I am" and the system suggests "a" and "not" (or possibly others) as the next word. I am aware of a method that uses Markov Chains and some training text(obviously) to more or less achieve this. But I read somewhere that this method is very restrictive and applies to very simple cases. I understand basics of neural networks and genetic algorithms(though have never used them in a serious project) and maybe they could be of some help. I wonder if there are any algorithms that, given appropriate training text(e.g., newspaper articles, and the user's own typing) can come up with reasonably appropriate suggestions for the next word. If not (links to)algorithms, general high-level methods to attack this problem are welcome.

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  • If I use locks, can my algorithm still be lock-free?

    - by Joe Pension
    A common definition of lock-free is that at least one process makes progress. 1 If I have a simple data structure such as a queue, protected by a lock, then one process can always make progress, as one process can acquire the lock, do what it wants, and release it. So does it meet the definition of lock-free? 1 See eg M. Herlihy, V. Luchangco, and M. Moir. Obstruction-free synchronization: Double-ended queues as an example. In Distributed Computing, 2003. "It is lock-free if it ensures only that some thread always makes progress".

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  • Algorithm for determining grid based on variably sized "blocks"?

    - by Lite Byte
    I'm trying to convert a set of "blocks" in to a grid-like layout. The blocks have a width of either 25%, 33%, 50%, 66%, or 75% of their container and each row of the grid should try to fit as many blocks as possible, up to a total width of 100%. I've discovered that trying to do this while leaving no remaining blocks in the original set is very hard. Eventually, I think my solution will be to upgrade/downgrade various block sizes (based on their priority or something) so they all fit in to a row. Either case, before I do that, I thought I'd check if someone has some code (or a paper) demonstrating a solution to this problem already? And bonus points if the solution incorporates varying block heights in to its calculations :) Thanks!

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  • What is a good algorithm to distribute items with specific requirements?

    - by user66160
    I have to programmatically distribute a set of items to some entities, but there are rules both on the items and on the entities like so: Item one: 100 units, only entities from Foo Item two: 200 units, no restrictions Item three: 100 units, only entities that have Bar Entity one: Only items that have Baz Entity one hundred: No items that have Fubar I only need to be pointed in the right direction, I'll research and learn the suggested methods.

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  • How to optimize Dijkstra algorithm for a single shortest path between 2 nodes?

    - by Nazgulled
    Hi, I was trying to understand this implementation in C of the Dijkstra algorithm and at the same time modify it so that only the shortest path between 2 specific nodes (source and destination) is found. However, I don't know exactly what do to. The way I see it, there's nothing much to do, I can't seem to change d[] or prev[] cause those arrays aggregate some important data for the shortest path calculation. The only thing I can think of is stopping the algorithm when the path is found, that is, break the cycle when mini = destination when it's being marked as visited. Is there anything else I could do to make it better or is that enough? P.S: I just noticed that the for loops start at 1 until <=, why can't it start at 0 and go until <?

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  • What is the algorithm used by the memberwise equality test in .NET structs?

    - by Damian Powell
    What is the algorithm used by the memberwise equality test in .NET structs? I would like to know this so that I can use it as the basis for my own algorithm. I am trying to write a recursive memberwise equality test for arbitrary objects (in C#) for testing the logical equality of DTOs. This is considerably easier if the DTOs are structs (since ValueType.Equals does mostly the right thing) but that is not always appropriate. I would also like to override comparison of any IEnumerable objects (but not strings!) so that their contents are compared rather than their properties. This has proven to be harder than I would expect. Any hints will be greatly appreciated. I'll accept the answer that proves most useful or supplies a link to the most useful information. Thanks.

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  • Algorithm to generate all possible permutations of a list?

    - by LLer
    Say I have a list of n elements, I know there are n! possible ways to order these elements. What is an algorithm to generate all possible orderings of this list? Example, I have list [a, b, c]. The algorithm would return [[a, b, c], [a, c, b,], [b, a, c], [b, c, a], [c, a, b], [c, b, a]]. I'm reading this here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation#Algorithms_to_generate_permutations But Wikipedia has never been good at explaining. I don't understand much of it.

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  • Bandpass filter of FFT applied image. (Like ImageJ bandpass filter algorithm)

    - by maximus
    There is a good function that I need, which is implemented in Java program: ImageJ I need to understand the algorithm used there. The function has several parameters: link text And before using FFT it converts image to a special one: The Bandpass Filter uses a special algorithm to reduce edge artifacts (before the Fourier transform, the image is extended in size by attaching mirrored copies of image parts outside the original image, thus no jumps occur at the edges) Can you tell me more about this special transform? Actually tiling mirrored image. I am writing on C++ and wish to rewrite that part of the program on C++.

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  • Returning and instance of a Class given its .class (MyClass.class)

    - by jax
    I have an enum that will hold my algorithms. I cannot instantiate these classes because I need the application context which is only available once the application has started. I want to load the class at runtime when I choose by calling getAlgorithm(Context cnx). How do I easily instantiate a class at runtime given its .class (and my constructor takes arguments)? All my classes are subclasses of Algorithm. public enum AlgorithmTypes { ALL_FROM_9_AND_LAST_FROM_10_ID(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class), ALL_FROM_9_AND_LAST_FROM_10_CURRENCY_ID(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class), DIVIDE_BY_9_LESS_THAN_100(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class), TABLES_BEYOND_5_BY_5(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class); private Class<? extends Algorithm> algorithm; AlgorithmTypes(Class<? extends Algorithm> c) { algorithm = c; } public Algorithm getAlgorithm(Context cnx) { return //needs to return the current algoriths constructor which takes the Context Algorithm(Context cnx); } }

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  • 47 memory leaks. STL pointers.

    - by icelated
    I have a major amount of memory leaks. I know that the Sets have pointers and i cannot change that! I cannot change anything, but clean up the mess i have... I am creating memory with new in just about every function to add information to the sets. I have a Cd/ DVD/book: super classes of ITEM class and a library class.. In the library class i have 2 functions for cleaning up the sets.. Also, the CD, DVD, book destructors are not being called.. here is my potential leaks.. library.h #pragma once #include <ostream> #include <map> #include <set> #include <string> #include "Item.h" using namespace std; typedef set<Item*> ItemSet; typedef map<string,Item*> ItemMap; typedef map<string,ItemSet*> ItemSetMap; class Library { public: // general functions void addKeywordForItem(const Item* const item, const string& keyword); const ItemSet* itemsForKeyword(const string& keyword) const; void printItem(ostream& out, const Item* const item) const; // book-related functions const Item* addBook(const string& title, const string& author, int const nPages); const ItemSet* booksByAuthor(const string& author) const; const ItemSet* books() const; // music-related functions const Item* addMusicCD(const string& title, const string& band, const int nSongs); void addBandMember(const Item* const musicCD, const string& member); const ItemSet* musicByBand(const string& band) const; const ItemSet* musicByMusician(const string& musician) const; const ItemSet* musicCDs() const; // movie-related functions const Item* addMovieDVD(const string& title, const string& director, const int nScenes); void addCastMember(const Item* const movie, const string& member); const ItemSet* moviesByDirector(const string& director) const; const ItemSet* moviesByActor(const string& actor) const; const ItemSet* movies() const; ~Library(); void Purge(ItemSet &set); void Purge(ItemSetMap &map); }; here is some functions for adding info using new in library. Keep in mind i am cutting out alot of code to keep this post short. library.cpp #include "Library.h" #include "book.h" #include "cd.h" #include "dvd.h" #include <iostream> // general functions ItemSet allBooks; ItemSet allCDS; ItemSet allDVDs; ItemSetMap allBooksByAuthor; ItemSetMap allmoviesByDirector; ItemSetMap allmoviesByActor; ItemSetMap allMusicByBand; ItemSetMap allMusicByMusician; const ItemSet* Library::itemsForKeyword(const string& keyword) const { const StringSet* kw; ItemSet* obj = new ItemSet(); return obj; const Item* Library::addBook(const string& title, const string& author, const int nPages) { ItemSet* obj = new ItemSet(); Book* item = new Book(title,author,nPages); allBooks.insert(item); // add to set of all books obj->insert(item); return item; const Item* Library::addMusicCD(const string& title, const string& band, const int nSongs) { ItemSet* obj = new ItemSet(); CD* item = new CD(title,band,nSongs); return item; void Library::addBandMember(const Item* musicCD, const string& member) { ItemSet* obj = new ItemSet(); (((CD*) musicCD)->addBandMember(member)); obj->insert((CD*) musicCD); here is the library destructor..... Library::~Library() { Purge(allBooks); Purge(allCDS); Purge(allDVDs); Purge(allBooksByAuthor); Purge(allmoviesByDirector); Purge(allmoviesByActor); Purge(allMusicByBand); Purge(allMusicByMusician); } void Library::Purge(ItemSet &set) { for (ItemSet::iterator it = set.begin(); it != set.end(); ++it) delete *it; set.clear(); } void Library::Purge(ItemSetMap &map) { for (ItemSetMap::iterator it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it) delete it->second; map.clear(); } so, basically item, cd, dvd class all have a set like this: typedef set<string> StringSet; class CD : public Item StringSet* music; and i am deleting it like: but those superclasses are not being called.. Item destructor is. CD::~CD() { delete music; } Do, i need a copy constructor? and how do i delete those objects i am creating in the library class? and how can i get the cd,dvd, destructor called? would the addbandmember function located in the library.cpp cause me to have a copy constructor? Any real help you can provide me to help me clean up this mess instead of telling me not to use pointers in my sets i would really appreciate. How can i delete the memory i am creating in those functions? I cannot delete them in the function!!

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  • How can I use STL sort in c++ to sort some values in the class?

    - by Morteza M.
    I have a class named Graph, in this class I have a member named V, it is a vector. I have a struct named Edge, and a list of Edges. like below: struct Edge{ int u; int v; Edge(int u,int v){ this-u=u; this-v=v; } }; class Graph{ vector < Vertex > V; . . . int edgeCmp(Edge* x,Edge* y){ return (V[x-v].dv].d)?1:0; } void someFunction(){ list backEdges; backEdges.sort(&Graph::edgeCmp); } } But it doesn't work!! may someone help me to do such a thing?

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  • Suggestions on error handling of Win32 C++ code: AtlThrow vs. STL exceptions

    - by EmbeddedProg
    In writing Win32 C++ code, I'd appreciate some hints on how to handle errors of Win32 APIs. In particular, in case of a failure of a Win32 function call (e.g. MapViewOfFile), is it better to: use AtlThrowLastWin32 define a Win32Exception class derived from std::exception, with an added HRESULT data member to store the HRESULT corresponding to value returned by GetLastError? In this latter case, I could use the what() method to return a detailed error string (e.g. "MapViewOfFile call failed in MyClass::DoSomething() method."). What are the pros and cons of 1 vs. 2? Is there any other better option that I am missing? As a side note, if I'd like to localize the component I'm developing, how could I localize the exception what() string? I was thinking of building a table mapping the original English string returned by what() into a Unicode localized error string. Could anyone suggest a better approach? Thanks much for your insights and suggestions.

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  • Writing my own implementation of stl-like Iterator in C++.

    - by Negai
    Good evening everybody, I'm currently trying to understand the intrinsics of iterators in various languages i.e. the way they are implemented. For example, there is the following class exposing the list interface. template<class T> class List { public: virtual void Insert( int beforeIndex, const T item ) throw( ListException ) =0 ; virtual void Append( const T item ) =0; virtual T Get( int position ) const throw( ListException ) =0; virtual int GetLength() const =0; virtual void Remove( int position ) throw( ListException ) =0; virtual ~List() =0 {}; }; According to GoF, the best way to implement an iterator that can support different kinds of traversal is to create the base Iterator class (friend of List) with protected methods that can access List's members. The concrete implementations of Iterator will handle the job in different ways and access List's private and protected data through the base interface. From here forth things are getting confusing. Say, I have class LinkedList and ArrayList, both derived from List, and there are also corresponding iterators, each of the classes returns. How can I implement LinkedListIterator? I'm absolutely out of ideas. And what kind of data can the base iterator class retrieve from the List (which is a mere interface, while the implementations of all the derived classes differ significantly) ? Sorry for so much clutter. Thanks.

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  • Is it OK to mix C and C++ in an interview?

    - by John Pell
    If I am asked in an interview to write down some code, should I completely stick with C++ or is it acceptable to "mix" the two to write easy code as it comes to my mind? I'll explain it: if I'm asked to create a "stack" data type, a C++ class is perfectly suited, while if I need to parse some strings a strtok/sscanf is far easier than STL. On the other hand, if I need a generic container STL and templates are the way to go. Everything can be done in C or in C++, but in an interview I can't code everything or remember every standard/STL function. What is an acceptable tradeoff?

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  • Is there a way to force ContourPlot re-check all the points on the each stage of it's recursion algorithm?

    - by Alexey Popkov
    Hello, Thanks to this excellent analysis of the Plot algorithm by Yaroslav Bulatov, I now understand the reason why Plot3D and ContourPlot fail to draw smoothly functions with breaks and discontinuities. For example, in the following case ContourPlot fails to draw contour x^2 + y^2 = 1 at all: ContourPlot[Abs[x^2 + y^2 - 1], {x, -1, 1}, {y, -1, 1}, Contours -> {0}] It is because the algorithm does not go deeply into the region near x^2 + y^2 = 1. It "drops" this region on an initial stage and do not tries to investigate it further. Increasing MaxRecursion does nothing in this sense. And even undocumented option Method -> {Refinement -> {ControlValue -> .01 \[Degree]}} does not help (but makes Plot3D a little bit smoother). The above function is just a simple example. In real life I'm working with very complicated implicit functions that cannot be solved analytically. Is there a way to get ContourPlot to go deeply into such regions near breaks and discontinuities?

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