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• How can I manage AWS VPC ssh access accounts and keys across multiple instances?

  - by deitch

  I am setting up a standard AWS VPC structure: a public subnet some private subnets, hosts on each, ELB, etc. Operational network access will be via either an ssh bastion host or an openvpn instance. Once on the network (bastion or openvpn), admins use ssh to access the individual instances. From what I can tell all of the docs seem to depend on a single user with sudo rights and a single public ssh key. But is that really best practice? Isn't it much better to have each user access each host under their own name? So I can deploy accounts and ssh public keys to each server, but that rapidly gets unmanageable. How do people recommend managing user accounts? I've looked at: IAM: It doesn't like like IAM has a method for automatically distributing accounts and ssh keys to VPC instances. IAM via LDAP: IAM doesn't have an LDAP API LDAP: set up my own LDAP servers (redundant, of course). Bit of a pain to manage, still better than managing on every host, especially as we grow. Shared ssh key: rely on the VPN/bastion to track user activities. I don't love it, but... What do people recommend? NOTE: I moved this over from accidentally posting in StackOverflow.

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• Apt pin and self hosted apt repo

  - by Hamish Downer

  We have our own apt/deb repository with a handful of packages where we want to control the version. Crucially this includes puppet, which can be sensitive to versions being different. I want our desktops to only get puppet from our repository, but also for people to be able to add their own PPAs, enable backports etc. The current problem we have is backports on Ubuntu Lucid. Some important lines from /etc/apt/sources.list: deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://deb.example.org/apt/ubuntu/lucid/ binary/ And in /etc/apt/preferences.d/puppet: Package: puppet puppet-common Pin: release a=binary Pin-Priority: 800 Package: puppet puppet-common Pin: release a=lucid-backports Pin-Priority: -10 Currently policy says: $ sudo apt-cache policy puppet puppet: Installed: (none) Candidate: (none) Package pin: 2.7.1-1ubuntu3.6~lucid1 Version table: 2.7.1-1ubuntu3.6~lucid1 -10 500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports/main Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 2.6.14-1puppetlabs1 -10 500 http://deb.example.org/apt/ubuntu/lucid/ binary/ Packages 0.25.4-2ubuntu6.8 -10 500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates/main Packages 500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security/main Packages 0.25.4-2ubuntu6 -10 500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main Packages If I use n= instead of a= then I get Package pin: (not found) I'm just plain confused at this point as to what I should use. Any help appreciated.

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• PostgreSQL 8.4 - Tablespace Optimization

  - by FloE

  I'm currently running a PostgreSQL Database with about 1.5 billion rows / 500 GB of data (including indices). There are several schemata: on for the (read only, irregular changes / updates) 'core-model' and one for every user (about 20 persons). The users can access the core and store data in their own schema, so everything is located in one database. The server runs with CentOS and PostgreSQL 8.4 and is used for scientific studies, exploration etc and is running quite well. These days an upgrade of the DB storage hard disks arrive - all with the same performance as the old ones. I'm looking for the best way to distribute the data on these disks. It would be possible to separate frequently used objects (the core-data) from the user schemata, but I'm not sure if this is really worth the effort. It seems to be a much better idea to move the WAL files (pg_xlog directory) to its own partition. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/wal-internals.html What are your opinions? Are there any tablespace- or partitioning-related performance documentations / benchmarks?

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• An easily customizable linux distribution using minimal disk space?

  - by Frank

  I'm looking for a linux distribution that can be easily used to create my own distribution that's the same system with some software installed. So basically I should be able to create an iso which, when installed, will have the linux distribution with my desired installed. More specifically, I plan on installing mysql and a bit of my own software which shouldn't be too big. However, this distribution needs to be extremely small in terms of disk space. The distribution, including mysql should not exceed 100mb. It should, of course still be able to connect to the internet and perform other standard functions. I don't need X/any sort of window manager, and would prefer not to have it since it would increase disk usage. Currently I have tried ttylinux and tiny core linux. I've found that ttylinux, while is extremely small, has almost nothing so that mysql can't even be installed. Tiny core linux, on the other hand is a bit too big. I've found openembedded and linux from scratch, but I would prefer for the install and build process to be much easier. What other distribution would you recommend for my purposes? Minimizing disk usage is the most important, followed by ease of installing and creating the custom distribution.

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• Tell postfix to merge three Authentication-Results:-Lines into one?

  - by Peter

  I am running a postfix mta with debian wheezy. I am using postfix-policyd-spf-python, openkdim and opendmarc. When receiving e-mails from google (google apps with own domain) for example, the header looks like this: [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; dkim=pass reason="1024-bit key; insecure key" header.d=yyy.com [email protected] header.b=OswLe0N+; dkim-adsp=pass; dkim-atps=neutral<br> [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=yyy.com (client-ip=2a00:1450:400c:c00::242; helo=mail-wg0-x242.google.com; [email protected]; [email protected]) [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; dmarc=pass header.from=yyy.com<br> [...] This means any of these programs creates it's own Authentication-Results:-Line. Is it possible to tell postfix to merge this into one single Authentication-Results:-Line? When I send an e-mail to google, it says: [...] Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected]; dmarc=pass (p=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=xxx.com [...] And this is exactly what I want. Just one Authentication-Results-Header. How can I do this? Thanks. Regards, Peter

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• Redirect specific domains with DNS

  - by user66377

  Currently we filter internet content using OpenDNS, our internal Windows DC/DNS servers point to the router's DNS, which then points to the OpenDNS servers. This works well to block all computer's on the network equally. New issue. We now need to separate what computers can go to what sites. So facebook is blocked for everyone right now, but I need to open it up to the 3 community computers now. The 3 community computers will be on an untrusted network seperate from the company computers so they can have their own DNS server, from their own router. The issue is though they still must connect to the internet using the same IP address. So OpenDNS sees the same IP and blocks them the same way. We are looking into getting a second IP, but it's not likely an option without going up to the next major level with our ISP which we don't want to do. My thought is this. Can I setup a DNS server on the untrusted network, and then depending on the request that comes in, have it send it to either OpenDNS or our ISP's DNS? Example www.facebook.com and www.youtube.com are both on the OpenDNS blacklist. So if they go to www.youtube.com, the local DNS server goes to the ISP's DNS to get the IP and thus the client gets the right IP and can go to the site. This would be manually entered for each allowed site thus creating a white list. Then if they go to www.facebook.com, since the local DNS server does not find an entry, it sends the request to OpenDNS, which then sees the site is on the blacklist, and thus sends the it's blocked webpage. The local DNS server can be either Bind on Linux or MS DNS on Window 2008. If this can be done, can you give some direction as well as I've never setup a DNS such as this before. Thanks

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• Widespread misinterpretation of DNS rules in resolving wildcards

  - by Dominic Sayers

  [EDITED to add: This problem has gone away on its own. I believe Cloudflare's name resolution may have been to blame. See my own answer below] Here is a snippet of my zone file *.example.com. 300 IN CNAME proxy.herokuapp.com. foo.example.com. 300 IN A 111.111.111.111 If I dig @8.8.8.8 foo.example.com I get the answer I expect: ;; ANSWER SECTION: foo.example.com. 30 IN A 111.111.111.111 The same is true of all other public DNS servers I've tried. However, when I try to set up a check with Pingdom to a URL on foo.example.com it instead sends the traffic to my Heroku app referenced by the *.example.com RR. The same is true of checks set up on New Relic, Errplane and traffic generated by the Heroku app itself. So on the one side, all public DNS servers interpret the zone file one way. Yet four service providers all interpret it a different way, one that differs to the standard suggested by RFC 4592. My question is: are these reputable, mature service providers all wrong? Or is it little me?

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• CryptSvc not matched by Windows 7 Firewall rule

  - by theultramage

  I am using Windows Firewall in conjunction with a third-party tool to get notified about new outbound connection attempts (Windows Firewall Notifier or Windows Firewall Control). The way these tools do it is by setting the firewall to deny by default, and to add an auditing policy to log blocked connections into the Security event log. Then they watch the log, and display notification about newly added entries. netsh advfirewall set allprofiles firewallpolicy blockinbound,blockoutbound auditpol /set /subcategory:{0CCE9226-69AE-11D9-BED3-505054503030} /failure:enable With this configuration in place, I now need to craft outbound allow rules for applications and system services. Here is the rule for CryptSvc, the service frequently used for certificate validation and revocation checking: netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Windows Cryptographic Services" action=allow enable=yes profile=any program="%SystemRoot%\system32\svchost.exe" service="CryptSvc" dir=out protocol=tcp remoteport=80,443 The problem is, this rule does not work. Unless I change the scope to "all programs and services" (which is really unhealthy), connection denied events like the following will keep appearing in the security log: Event 5157, Microsoft Windows security auditing. The Windows Filtering Platform has blocked a connection. Application Information: Process ID: 1476 (<- svchost.exe with CryptSvc and nothing else) Application Name: \device\harddiskvolume1\windows\system32\svchost.exe Network Information: Direction: Outbound Source Address: 192.168.0.1 Source Port: 49616 Destination Address: 2.16.52.16 Destination Port: 80 Protocol: 6 (<- TCP) To make sure it's CryptSvc, I have let the connection through and reviewed its traffic; I also configured CryptSvc to run in its own svchost instance to make it more obvious: ;sc config CryptSvc type= share sc config CryptSvc type= own So... why is it not matching the firewall rule, and how to fix that?

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• Map FTP folder to folder on different FTP server

  - by jolt

  In my team we work a lot with FTP. We upload and download files from several different servers daily. Currently every member of the team manages access credentials to each FTP server locally on their own machine. I am looking for a way to set up a central FTP server that we can connect to, and from there, navigate to folders that each represent one of the other FTP servers that we connect to daily. Something like this: In-house central FTP server: |- FolderA --> server A root folder |- FolderB --> server B root folder |- FolderC --> server C root folder A setup like this, would mean that we can manage access credentials on the central FTP server, and team members would only need to have the access credentials to the central FTP server, and from there they could navigate to the other servers through these "virtual" folders. We could potentially develop our own custom FTP server that just forward requests to the remote FTP servers, but i feel like something like this (or something similar) would already have been done. So I'm looking for pointers that could help us find software for Windows that could help us to simplify our current setup. Thank you! Similar (unanswered) question here: FTP management server

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• Upgrade an Ubuntu 8.04 installation with VMware Server 1.0.8 and lots of guest OSes to Something Els

  - by Glyph

  I have an Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) host machine which is running a whole slew of virtual machines in VMWare Server 1.0.8. Among other guest OSes, there is every release version of Ubuntu since 6.06, OpenSolaris 2009.06, and Windows XP. Right now I access these VMs from a variety of client OSes as well; Linux and Windows via the VMWare server console, and MacOS via X-forwarding the host machine's server console. I'd like to upgrade the host to Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx), but from what I can tell, getting VMWare Server 1.x to work on a more recent version of Linux is a real pain. While VMware Server 2.x is a bit easier, it's still not packaged as Debian packages, so installing security updates is a big chore. As long as I'm upgrading anyway, I'd like to move to a virtualization solution that will allow me to automate applying updates. The options that I'm aware of right now are KVM (managed via virt-manager) and VirtualBox (as managed by its own tools or via its own libvirt bindings), but I'm open to other suggestions. For each option, I'd like to know how do I convert my guest images to the new format? am I going to have to re-activate my Windows guests (alternatively, "If the virtual hardware is different by default, can I avoid re-activation by changing some virtualization configuration to provide me with more similar virtual hardware") what are the management options like for each client OS (mac, linux, windows)? Thanks.

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• postfix is unable to send emails to external domains

  - by BoCode

  Whenever i try to send an email from my server, i get the following error: Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtpd[6730]:connect from unknown[a.b.c.d] Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: warning: host X.com[x.y.z.d]:25 greeted me with my own hostname xyz.biz Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: warning: host X.com[x.y.z.d]:25 replied to HELO/EHLO with my own hostname xyz.biz Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: 2017F1B00C54: to=<[email protected]>, relay=X.com[x.y.z.d]:25, delay=0.98, delays=0.17/0/0.81/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for X.com loops back to myself) this is the output of postconf -n: address_verify_poll_delay = 1s alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = body_checks_size_limit = 40980000 command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix connection_cache_ttl_limit = 300000s daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 1 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 default_delivery_slot_cost = 2 default_destination_concurrency_limit = 10 default_destination_recipient_limit = 1 default_minimum_delivery_slots = 3 default_process_limit = 10000 default_recipient_refill_delay = 1s default_recipient_refill_limit = 10 disable_dns_lookups = yes enable_original_recipient = no hash_queue_depth = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no in_flow_delay = 0 inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 initial_destination_concurrency = 100 local_header_rewrite_clients = mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq manpage_directory = /usr/share/man master_service_disable = milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 6 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.localdomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = xyz.biz myhostname = xyz.biz mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters qmgr_message_active_limit = 500 qmgr_message_recipient_limit = 500 qmgr_message_recipient_minimum = 1 queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix queue_run_delay = 300s readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix.20.10.2/README_FILE receive_override_options = no_header_body_checks sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix.2.10.2/examples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail service_throttle_time = 1s setgid_group = postdrop smtp_always_send_ehlo = no smtp_connect_timeout = 1s smtp_connection_cache_time_limit = 30000s smtp_connection_reuse_time_limit = 30000s smtp_delivery_slot_cost = 2 smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = 10000 smtp_destination_rate_delay = 0s smtp_destination_recipient_limit = 1 smtp_minimum_delivery_slots = 1 smtp_recipient_refill_delay = 1s smtp_recipient_refill_limit = 1000 smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 200 smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100000 smtpd_client_new_tls_session_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_delay_open_until_valid_rcpt = no smtpd_delay_reject = no smtpd_discard_ehlo_keywords = silent-discard, dsn smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891 smtpd_peername_lookup = no unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 what could be the issue?

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• DNS server and fallback outside home

  - by Jens

  I have my own DNS server at home to access local names, and that is working fine. Then I have my laptop, now obviously my laptop leaves the home now and then, therefore it accesses different nets outside my home, and my DNS server is not accessible there... So I figured that I would just add Google as secondary DNS... But actually, when I do that, then suddenly I can't access my local stuff, the page won't resolve (at home that is, obviously), like my laptop is getting a quicker response from Google's DNS or something, because it can't find anything on the addresses I use locally. If I then remove the secondary DNS, and keeps my own, then it works fine again... So do I somehow need to seperate what DNS's to use on what nets? I already use sepperate DNS settings when I connect using my 3G modem, but when I use hotspots it seems to use the same settings regardless (at least in the train), also can it differ wired connections?... Is there another solution? OS: Windows 7 Ultimate, x64 EDIT: Currently trying this "hack/fix" out for the time being: http://blog.johnruiz.com/2011/12/windows-does-not-always-honor-dns-order.html

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• Epson Artisan 800 on Ubuntu/Linux

  - by Tim Lytle

  Update for Ubuntu 10.04: Printing should work 'out-of-box', scanning still needs the newer sane backend. Looking for a known good way to setup an Epson Artisan 800 on Ubuntu specifically or any linux box in general. It is a printer/scanner with ethernet/wifi/usb. I'd like to use it as a network printer/scanner being able to do both from my Windows and Ubuntu machines; however, if it needs to be physically connected to a computer (preferably the Ubuntu machine) that is doable (again, then sharing print/scan functions to the network). Basically, I'm looking for someone who has used this printer/scanner (or similar) in a multi-platform environment to share how the set it up and how well it worked. Updated: A little more information, like most printers (I expect) the documentation for the printer basically says, "don't use plug-n-play, run our setup CD from your Windows/Mac system", to do anything (set it up for network use even). I guess that's to make it easy for anyone else to setup, but when you're looking to use it with an unsupported (by Epson's documentation) OS, you're just stuck on your own. What I was hoping for was someone who could say, "Forget the bundled software, do [this] to set it up on wifi manually, install [this] to connect to the scanner from [os], printing works with [this] driver - at least that's how I set it up." I'll will (and have so far) use the information here, and post my own setup when I'm done, if there's no one else out there with that experience.

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• Why is SMF manifest losing configuration data when exported on SmartOS?

  - by Scott Lowe

  I'm running a server process under SMF (Server Management Facility) on Joyent's Base64 1.8.1 SmartOS image. For those not aqauinted with SmartOS, it is a cloud-based distribution of IllumOS with KVM. But essentially it is like Solaris and inherits from OpenSolaris. So even if you've not used SmartOS, I'm hoping to tap into some Solaris knowledge on ServerFault. My issue is that I want an unprivileged user to be allowed to restart a service that they own. I have worked out how to do that by using RBAC and adding an authorisation to /etc/security/auth_attr and associating that authorisation with my user. I then added the following to my SMF manifest for the service: <property_group name='general' type='framework'> <!-- Allow to be restarted--> <propval name='action_authorization' type='astring' value='solaris.smf.manage.my-server-process' /> <!-- Allow to be started and stopped --> <propval name='value_authorization' type='astring' value='solaris.smf.manage.my-server-process' /> </property_group> And this works well when imported. My unprivileged user is allowed to restart, start and stop its own server process (this is for automated code deployments). However, if I export the SMF manifest, this configuration data is gone... all I see in that section is this: <property_group name='general' type='framework'> <property name='action_authorization' type='astring'/> <property name='value_authorization' type='astring'/> </property_group> Does anybody know why this is happening? Is my syntax wrong, or am I simply not using SMF incorrectly?

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• nginx error page and internal directives not working as expected

  - by Romain

  I'd like to setup my nginx server to return a specific error page on HTTP 50x status codes, and I'd like this page to be unavailable by a direct request from users (e.g., http//mysite/internalerror). For that, I'm using nginx's internal directive, but I must be missing something, as when I put that directive on my /internalerror location, nginx returns a custom 404 error (which isn't even my own 404 error page) when a page crashes. So, to summarize, here's what seems to happen: GET /Home nginx passes the query to Python I'm simulating an application bug to get the 502 error code nginx tries to return /InternalError from its error_page rule because of the internal rule, it finally fails back to a custom 404 error code <-- why? the documentation says error_page directives are not concerned by internal: http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#internal Here's an extract from nginx.conf with a few comments to point things out: error_page 404 /NotFound; error_page 500 502 503 504 =500 /InternalError; # HTTP 500 Error page declaration location / { try_files /Maintenance.html $uri @pythonbackend; } location @pythonbackend { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass unix:///tmp/uwsgi.sock; } location ~* \.(py|pyc)$ { # This internal location works OK and returns my own 404 error page internal; } location /__Maintenance.html { # This one also works fine internal; } location ~* /internalerror { # This one doesn't work and returns nginx's 404 error page when I trigger an error somewhere on my site internal; } Thanks very much for your help!!

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• Persistent routes for DD-WRT PPTP VPN client

  - by Tim Kemp

  My home network in the USA is behind a Buffalo router (G300NH) running their version of DD-WRT. I use the built-in PPTP VPN client to connect to a VPN provider in the UK. I route certain traffic over the VPN (so it has a UK source address, for various entirely legal reasons) which I achieved by following the instructions in the DD-WRT docs and my VPN provider's own instructions. I placed two commands like this in the firewall script: route add -net xxx.xxx.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev ppp0 route add -net yyy.yyy.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev ppp0 I didn't put any of the iptables rules in since it my setup doesn't seem to need them. It works like a charm. Traffic to the xxx subnets goes over the VPN, everything else goes out over my ISPs own pipes. The problem comes when the VPN drops, which it does occasionally. DD-WRT does a fine job of reconnecting it automatically, but the routes are trashed every time that happens. How do I automate the process of re-establishing my routes? I thought about static routes, but the IP address of the VPN connection is dynamically assigned (which is why I'm using dev ppp0). Many thanks, Tim

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• How do I setup routing for 2 companies with different Internet connections on the same LAN?

  - by Clint Miller

  Here's the setup: 2 companies (A & B) share office space and a LAN. A 2nd ISP is brought in and company A wants it's own Internet connection (ISP A) and company B wants it's own Internet connection (ISP B). VLANs are deployed internally to separate the 2 company's networks (company A: VLAN 1, company B: VLAN 2, shared VOIP: VLAN 3). With separate VLANs it's simple enough to use separate DHCP servers (or separate scopes on the same server) to assign the default gateway to each company's gateway for their Internet connection. Static routes can be created on each gateway to point traffic destined for the other company's VLAN or the voice VLAN so that all nodes are reachable as expected. However, I think this is a form of asymmetrical routing, right? (The path from node A1 to node B1 is not the same as the path back from node B1 to node A1). Can I setup policy-based routing to correct this? In that case, can I assign the same default gateway to every device on all VLANs and create a routing policy on a L3 switch to look at the source address and forward traffic to the appropriate next hop? In that case, I want the routing logic to go like this: If the destination address is known, forward the traffic (traffic destined for a different VLAN). If the destination address is unknown, forward the traffic to ISP A's gateway if the source address is on VLAN A; or forward the traffic to ISP B's gateway if the source address is VLAN B. Am I thinking about this problem in the correct way? Is there another way to solve this problem that I am overlooking?

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• How to diagnose website performance/app pool recycling with Windows 2008/IIS7

  - by ilasno

  Ok, so there are various symptoms here (clients and and our own employees complaining of intermittent slowdowns, getting 'kicked out' to login page or just having a save request not properly save the submitted data). The environment: Windows Server 2008 (Datacenter), Service Pack 2, 64-bit, 2x2.8 GHz processors, 7.5 GB RAM MS SQL Server 2008 (running on the same machine) IIS 7 There are ~10 websites running on the server, each in their own application pool - most of these pools are running in Integrated mode, 2 are in Classic, all are on .NET 2.0 and all run as ApplicationPoolIdentity. I'm trying to analyze, diagnose, and troubleshoot and am struggling with where to get more info about what could be happening. Here are some steps i have already taken: Set each application pool to recycle once per day, and removed any other automatic recycling Set a Virtual Memory Limit for each to 1024000KB (1GB) Enabled ALL 'Generate Recycle Event Log Entry' entries (Config Changes, Isapi Reported Unhealthy, Manual Recycle, Private Memory Limit Exceeded, Regular Time Interval, Request Limit Exceeded, Specific Time, Virtual Memory Limit Exceeded) I have seen the app pool processes recycle (in Task Manager) - a new one will start up, and then the first one dies off - and this has happened without the memory or time going over the settings. This is a fairly new server, and most of these came from Windows Server 2003/IIS6. Any 'next steps' for setting up information gathering, logging, diagnosing, etc. would be much appreciated! j

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• SSO "Portal"

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  Pursuant to my question on alleviating the password explosion, I've contacted some of the services to whom we are paying money to access their websites to ask if we could authenticate our own users, and some of them said yes and send me specs on how to do so. (One of the sites called such a system a page a "portal"; I've never heard the term used in quite that way.) It is simple enough that I am tempted to roll my own. The largest complication is that one site wants us to store a key for every user in our database (and I think the LDAP database makes sense) after their initial login. So, non-trivial, but doable. The nature of these sorts of tasks, I expect, is that if they start out small and simple, they don't end that way. There must be some software that addresses this that is readily extended, surely. In my searching, I've come across: SimpleSAMLphp JOSSO RubyCAS-Server Shibboleth Pubcookie OpenID [Wow, gee. I'd missed some of those in my previous searches! The wikipedia page on Central Authentication Services is useful, and the section on Alternatives to OpenID makes it look like there is a lot of choice.] Can anyone recommend any of these, or suggest ones to avoid? Internally, we are authenticating using Apple's Open Directory [ == OpenLDAP + Kerberos + Password Server (which, I believe, == SAML) ]. As far as extending/tweaking/advanced configuration of a system, I am able to program in Python, C++, can do some basic PHP, and may be able to remember some Java. Looks like I need to pick up Ruby at some point. Addendum: I would also like users to be able to change their passwords over the web (and for certain users to change passwords of other users).

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• No video signal and server shuts down

  - by Ilya

  I have a brand new server. The motherboard is Intel S2600CP4, two 8-core Intel E5-2600 processors. RAM is 8 DIMM slots of 8 GB each (KVR1600D3D4R11SK4/32GI, I installed them into the blue slots), Power supply is 1050W Corsair. Most of the time the server won't start up - the fans are spinning, but I don't have video signal. And it keeps restarting on its own every 3 mins. But maybe after 30 mins it will eventually load and show something on the screen. I even was able to install ESXi 5.0 (vSphere) on it. It recognizes both CPUs and all of the 64GB of RAM. But even then it worked only for around 5 hours and then restarted on its own. What's the problem? That's a very expensive peace of hardware and I can't afford purchasing a new motherboard/CPU. By the way, on the front panel the "System Status" LED is constantly amber (not blinking), even when the server started successfully. And also in the BIOS I can see lots of "processor 01 unable to apply microcode update 8160" fatal errors. Please help me with issue, I will really appreciate this!

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• One Active Directory, Multiple Remote Desktop Services (Server 2012 solution)

  - by Trinitrotoluene

  What I am trying to do is quite complex, so I figured I'd throw it out to a wider audience to see if anyone can find a flaw. What I am trying to do (as an MSP/VAR) is design a solution that will give multiple companies a session based remote desktop (companies that need to be kept completely seperate), using only a handful of servers. This is how I imagine it at the moment: CORE SERVER - Server 2012 Datacentre (All below are HyperV servers) Server1: Cloud-DC01 (Active Directory Domain Services for mycloud.local) Server2: Cloud-EX01 (Exchange Server 2010 running multi tenant mode) Server3: Cloud-SG01 (Remote Desktop Gateway) CORE SERVER 2 - Server 2012 Datacentre (All below are HyperV servers) Server1: Cloud-DC02 (Active Directory Domain Services for mycloud.local) Server2: Cloud-TS01 (Remote Desktop Session Host for Company A) Server3: Cloud-TS02 (Remote Desktop Session Host for Company B) Server4: Cloud-TS03 (Remote Desktop Session Host for Company C) What I thought about doing was setting up each Organisation in their own OU (perhaps creating their OU structure based on the Excahnge 2010 tenant OU structure so the accounts are linked). Each company would get a Remote Desktop Session Host server that would also serve as a file server. This server would be seperated from the rest on its own range. The server Cloud-SG01 would have access to all these networks and route the traffic to the appropriate network when a client connects and authenticated so they are pushed onto the correct server (Based on session collections in 2012). I won't lie this is something I have come up with quite quickly so there may well be something gapingly obvious that I am missing. Any feedback would be appreciated.

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• Excluding files from web logs

  - by Ray

  I originally tried this question on StackOverflow, but it was suggested that serverfault was a better choice. So, here it is... Looking through my web logs, I see a lot of entries that don't interest me. Some of them are commonly used images, css files, and scripts, which I can easily exclude by un-checking the 'log visits' check box in IIS for the folder properties. I would also like to exclude log entries for certain common requests which are not in their own folders. Mostly, 'favicon.ico'. 'scriptresource.axd', and 'webresource.axd'. These (especially scriptresource.axd) make up almost a third of a typical log file on my site. So, the question is, how do I tell IIS not to log these requests? And is there any reason that this is a bad idea? The purpose of doing this is to reduce the log file size and the amount of work the server has to do, to make the log file more manageable when I need to dig in to them for troubleshooting, and for my own curiosity. I realize that log file parsers can skip the junk, but I am interested in reducing the raw files, before parsing.

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• Any non-custom way to manage iptables with fail2ban and libvirt+kvm?

  - by Peter Hansen

  I have an Ubuntu 9.04 server running libvirt/kvm and fail2ban (for SSH attacks). Both libvirt and fail2ban integrate with iptables in different ways. Libvirt uses (I think) some XML config and during startup (?) configures forwarding to the VM subnet. Fail2ban installs a custom chain (probably at init) and periodically modifies it to ban/unban probable attackers. I also need to install my own rules to forward various ports to servers running in VMs and on other machines, and set up rudimentary security (e.g. drop all INPUT traffic except the few ports I want open), and of course I'd like the ability to add/remove rules safely without restarting. It seems to me iptables is a powerful tool that's sorely lacking some sort of standardized way of juggling all this stuff. Every project, and every sysadmin, seems to do it differently! (And I think there's lots of "cargo cult" admin going on here, with people cloning crude approaches like "use iptables-save like so".) Short of figuring out the gory details of exactly how both of these (and potentially other) tools manipulate the netfilter tables, and developing my own scripts or just manually executing iptables commands, is there any way to safely work with iptables while not breaking the functionality of these other tools? Any nascent standards or projects defined to bring sanity to this area? Even a helpful web page I missed that might cover at least these two packages together?

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• Has anyone managed to build php5-xapian on Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by jetboy

  As Xapian's been dropped from the Ubuntu repositories, I'm attempting to build my own .deb from the instructions here: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.search.xapian.general/8855 http://beeznest.wordpress.com/2011/07/06/howto-build-your-own-binaries-of-php-xapian-bindings-for-debian/ I can only get things to progress beyond the first few seconds by leaving out 'rm debian/control', but if I do, it looks as if the Python and Ruby bindings are building and passing their versions of smoketest correctly. However, the PHP part of the build is failing with this error: /home/charlie/xapian-bindings-1.2.8/php/smoketest.php:38: include(xapian.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory FAIL: smoketest.php There's a xapian.php file in /home/charlie/xapian-bindings-1.2.8/php/php5/ but if I copy it to /home/charlie/xapian-bindings-1.2.8/php/ or change the path to it in smoketest.php, the build fails right near the start with: dpkg-source: error: aborting due to unexpected upstream changes Unfortunately I'm out of my comfort zone building from source. Anyone got any ideas? Edit post James' answer: Builds fine if I follow instructions exactly. I built it on a test VM initially, but that didn't build the PHP package as PHP itself wasn't installed. Obvious gotcha, but worth mentioning. Installing generated the following error: Setting up php5-xapian (1.2.8-1) ... Processing triggers for libapache2-mod-php5 ... dpkg (subprocess): unable to execute installed post-installation script (/var/lib/dpkg/info/libapache2-mod-php5.postinst): Permission denied ssion denied dpkg: error processing libapache2-mod-php5 (--install): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Errors were encountered while processing: libapache2-mod-php5 It's only a script for restarting Apache. Stopping Apache before running sudo dpkg -i php5-xapian_*.deb prevents the error. Xapian now shows up in phpinfo(). Job done. Thanks.

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• InstantSSL's certificate no different than a self signed certificate under Nginx with an IP accessed address

  - by Absolute0

  I ordered an ssl certificate from InstantSSL and got the following pair of files: my_ip.ca-bundle, my_ip.crt I also previously generated my own key and crt files using openssl. I concatenated all the crt files: cat my_previously_generted.crt my_ip.ca_bundle my_ip.crt chained.crt And configured nginx as follows: server { ... listen 443; ssl on; ssl_certificate /home/dmsf/csr/chained.crt; ssl_certificate_key /home/dmsf/csr/csr.nopass.key; ... } I don't have a domain name as per the clients request. When I open the browser with https://my_ip chrome gives me this error: The site's security certificate is not trusted! You attempted to reach my_ip, but the server presented a certificate issued by an entity that is not trusted by your computer's operating system. This may mean that the server has generated its own security credentials, which Google Chrome cannot rely on for identity information, or an attacker may be trying to intercept your communications. You should not proceed, especially if you have never seen this warning before for this site.

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