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• Statistics: combinations in Python

  - by Morlock

  I need to compute combinatorials (nCr) in Python but cannot find the function to do that in 'math', 'numyp' or 'stat' libraries. Something like a function of the type: comb = calculate_combinations(n, r) I need the number of possible combinations, not the actual combinations, so itertools.combinations does not interest me. Finally, I want to avoid using factorials, as the numbers I'll be calculating the combinations for can get to big and the factorials are going to be monstruous. This seems like a REALLY easy to answer question, however I am being drowned in questions about generating all the actual combinations, which is not what I want. :) Many thanks

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• Right way to create [self]respawning app in python

  - by grapescan

  I am using jabber bot written in python to log some MUC talks. Sometimes it drops on some network or XMPP problems. In this case I have to start it again by myself. The goal is to make it "self-respawning". I have some variants about how to do it. Bot is one process. Another process monitors its activity and starts it if bot died. Main process spawns bot subprocess and controls it. Also I think daemonizing bot process is useful here. Platform is Linux, as you could guess. What is the right way to solve this problem?

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• python dict update diff

  - by adam

  Does python have any sort of built in functionality of notifying what dictionary elements changed upon dict update? For example I am looking for some functionality like this: >>> a = {'a':'hamburger', 'b':'fries', 'c':'coke'} >>> b = {'b':'fries', 'c':'pepsi', 'd':'ice cream'} >>> a.diff(b) {'c':'pepsi', 'd':'ice cream'} >>> a.update(b) >>> a {'a':'hamburger', 'b':'fries', 'c':'pepsi', 'd':'ice cream'} I am looking to get a dictionary of the changed values as shown in the result of a.diff(b)

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• python multithread "maximum recursion depth exceed"

  - by user293487

  I use Python multithread to realize Quicksort. Quicksort is implement in a function. It is a recursive function. Each thread calls Quicksort to sort the array it has. Each thread has its own array that stores the numbers needs to be sorted. If the array size is smaller (<10,000). It runs ok. However, if the array size is larger, it shows the "maximum recursion depth exceed". So, I use setrecursionlimit () function to reset the recursion depth to 1500. But the program crash directly...

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• Fast way to test if a port is in use using Python

  - by directedition

  I have a python server that listens on a couple sockets. At startup, I try to connect to these sockets before listening, so I can be sure that nothing else is already using that port. This adds about three seconds to my server's startup (which is about .54 seconds without the test) and I'd like to trim it down. Since I'm only testing localhost, I think a timeout of about 50 milliseconds is more than ample for that. Unfortunately, the socket.setdefaulttimeout(50) method doesn't seem to work for some reason. How I can trim this down?

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• Reading and parsing email from Gmail using C#, C++ or Python

  - by jpnavarini

  I have to do a Windows application that from times to times access a Gmail account and checks if there is a new email. In case there is, it must read the email body and subject (a simple text email, without images or attachments). Please, do not use paid libs, and in case of any other libs used, give the download path. And I need the email body and subject only. So if the long and complex message that comes from Gmail could be parsed and only two strings containing the subject and the body, it would be perfect. Finally, I only have to get the new messages arrived since the last execution. So the read messages could be marked as "read" and only the new ones (marked as "new") are considered. The code can be written in Python or C++, but I prefer it in C#. Thank you for the help.

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• Edit Distance in Python

  - by Alice

  I'm programming a spellcheck program in Python. I have a list of valid words (the dictionary) and I need to output a list of words from this dictionary that have an edit distance of 2 from a given invalid word. I know I need to start by generating a list with an edit distance of one from the invalid word(and then run that again on all the generated words). I have three methods, inserts(...), deletions(...) and changes(...) that should output a list of words with an edit distance of 1, where inserts outputs all valid words with one more letter than the given word, deletions outputs all valid words with one less letter, and changes outputs all valid words with one different letter. I've checked a bunch of places but I can't seem to find an algorithm that describes this process. All the ideas I've come up with involve looping through the dictionary list multiple times, which would be extremely time consuming. If anyone could offer some insight, I'd be extremely grateful. Thanks!

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• How to add a another value to a key in python

  - by Nanowatt

  First I'm sorry this might be a dumb question but I'm trying to self learn python and I can't find the answer to my question. I want to make a phonebook and I need to add an email to an already existing name. That name has already a phone number attached. I have this first code: phonebook = {} phonebook ['ana'] = '12345' phonebook ['maria']= '23456' , '[email protected]' def add_contact(): name = raw_input ("Please enter a name:") number = raw_input ("Please enter a number:") phonebook[name] = number Then I wanted to add an email to the name "ana" for example: ana: 12345, [email protected]. I created this code but instead of addend a new value (the email), it just changes the old one, removing the number: def add_email(): name = raw_input("Please enter a name:") email = raw_input("Please enter an email:") phonebook[name] = email I tried .append() too but it didn't work. Can you help me? And I'm sorry if the code is bad, I'm just trying to learn and I'm a bit noob yet :)

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• Python GUI Scraper hanging issues.

  - by bball

  I wrote a scraper using python a while back, and it worked fine in the command line. I have made a GUI for the application now, but I am having trouble with one issue. When I attempt to update text inside the gui (e.g. 'fetching URL 12/50'), I am unable seeing as the function within the scraper is grabbing 100+ links. Also when going from one scraping function, to a function that should update the gui, to another function, the gui update function seems to be skipped over while the next scrape function is run. An example would be: scrapeLinksA() #takes 20 seconds updateInfo("LinksA done") scrapeLinksB() #takes another 20 seconds in the above example, updateInfo is never executed, unless I end the program with a KeyboardInterrupt. I'm thinking my solution is threading, but I'm not sure. What can I do to fix this? I am using: PyQt4 urllib2 BeautifulSoup

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• how to match a regulas expresion like (%i1) in python pexpect

  - by mike

  I want to use maxima from python using pexpect, whenever maxima starts it will print a bunch of stuff of this form: $ maxima Maxima 5.27.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net using Lisp SBCL 1.0.57-1.fc17 Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING. Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter. The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information. (%i1) i would like to start up pexpect like so: import pexpect cmd = 'maxima' child = pexpect.spawn(cmd) child.expect (' match all that stuff up to and including (%i1)') child.sendline ('integrate(sin(x),x)') chil.expect( match (%o1 ) ) print child.before how do i match the starting banner up to the prompt (%i1)? and so on, also maxima increments the (%i1)'s by one as the session goes along, so the next expect would be: child.expect ('match (%i2)') child.sendline ('integrate(sin(x),x)') chil.expect( match (%o2 ) ) print child.before how do i match the (incrementing) integers?

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• Python: wxpython wx.media.MediaCtrl - millisecond seek capability

  - by PPTim

  I've been searching for a media player that can display sub-second resolution in videos. Some pointed me to the Frame stepping functionality in MPC, but I'd like even more than that. I know from previous experience with wxPython that the wx.media.MediaCtrl both displays and (as fast as i can click with the mouse anyway) stops the video with millisecond-precision. The code is here, and runs no-problem with python +wxpython module. Has anyone come across other video players that handle this functionality, or has seen a more robust/developed video player written with wxPython that allows for this level of precision? This is possibily a one-off task so I'd like to use existing solutions if possible. Thanks.

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• Not-quite-JSON string deserialization in Python

  - by cpharmston

  I get the following text as a string from an XML-based REST API 'd':4 'ca':5 'sen':1 'diann':2,6,8 'feinstein':3,7,9 that I'm looking to deserialize into a pretty little Python dictionary: { 'd': [4], 'ca': [5], 'sen': [1], 'diann': [2, 6, 8], 'feinstein': [3, 7, 9] } I'm hoping to avoid using regular expressions or heavy string manipulation, as this format isn't documented and may change. The best I've been able to come up with: members = {} for m in elem.text.split(' '): m = m.split(':') members[m[0].replace("'", '')] = map(int, m[1].split(',')) return members Obviously a terrible approach, but it works, and that's better than anything else I've got right now. Any suggestions on better approaches?

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• Generate fixed length hash in python for url parameter

  - by LeRoy

  I am working in python on appengine. I am trying to create what is equivalent to the "v" value in the youtube url's (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhMN0wlITLk) for retrieving specific entities. The datastore auto generates a key but it is way too long (34 digits). I have experimented with hashlib to build my own, but again I get a long string. I would like to keep it to under 11 digits (I am not dealing with a huge number of entities) and letters and numbers are acceptable. It seems like there should be a pretty standard solution. I am probably just missing it.

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• How would you adblock using Python?

  - by regomodo

  I'm slowly building a web browser in PyQt4 and like the speed i'm getting out of it. However, I want to combine easylist.txt with it. I believe adblock uses this to block http requests by the browser. How would you go about it using python/PyQt4? [edit1] Ok. I think i've setup Privoxy. I haven't setup any additional filters and it seems to work. The PyQt4 i've tried to use looks like this self.proxyIP = "127.0.0.1" self.proxyPORT= 8118 proxy = QNetworkProxy() proxy.setType(QNetworkProxy.HttpProxy) proxy.setHostName(self.proxyIP) proxy.setPort(self.proxyPORT) QNetworkProxy.setApplicationProxy(proxy) However, this does absolutely nothing and I cannot make sense of the docs and can not find any examples. [edit2] I've just noticed that i'f I change self.proxyIP to my actual local IP rather than 127.0.0.1 the page doesn't load. So something is happening.

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• Generate n-dimensional random numbers in Python

  - by Magsol

  I'm trying to generate random numbers from a gaussian distribution. Python has the very useful random.gauss() method, but this is only a one-dimensional random variable. How could I programmatically generate random numbers from this distribution in n-dimensions? For example, in two dimensions, the return value of this method is essentially distance from the mean, so I would still need (x,y) coordinates to determine an actual data point. I suppose I could generate two more random numbers, but I'm not sure how to set up the constraints. I appreciate any insights. Thanks!

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• Convert data retrieved from MySQL database into JSON object using Python/Django

  - by rohanbk

  I have a MySQL database called People which contains the following schema <id,name,foodchoice1,foodchoice2>. The database contains a list of people and the two choices of food they wish to have at a party (for example). I want to create some kind of Python web-service that will output a JSON object. An example of output should be like: { "guestlist": [ {"id":1,"name":"Bob","choice1":"chicken","choice2":"pasta"},{"id":2,"name":"Alice","choice1":"pasta","choice2":"chicken"} ], "partyname": "My awesome party", "day": "1", "month": "June", "2010": "null" } Basically every guest is stored into a dictionary 'guestlist' along with their choices of food. At the end of the JSON object is just some additional information that only needs to be mentioned once. The question that I have is regarding the method that I need to utilize to grab the data from my database, and create the JSON object. Do I need to use a standard Model/View structure of Django or can I get away with something that is much simpler since what I need to do is really simple?

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• Python encoding - Nothing works

  - by Luiz Fernando

  I've been looking the answers here in this web site, but nothing have worked so far. The problem is: In the database, strings are saved like that one: at &#8730;s = 7 TeV with. And the reason is that the "escape" JavaScript function was used. I was not able to "unescape" these strings in Python yet. I tried to use "eval", "decode", "re.sub" and others, but without success. So please, which function can I use to get it right?

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• in-memory database in Python

  - by Claudiu

  I'm doing some queries in Python on a large database to get some stats out of the database. I want these stats to be in-memory so other programs can use them without going to a database. I was thinking of how to structure them, and after trying to set up some complicated nested dictionaries, I realized that a good representation would be an SQL table. I don't want to store the data back into the persistent database, though. Are there any in-memory implementations of an SQL database that supports querying the data with SQL syntax?

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• Python character count

  - by user74283

  I have been going over python tutorials in this resource. Everything is pretty clear in the below code which counts number of characters. Only section that i dont understand is the section where count assigned to a list and multiplied by 120. Can anyone explain what is the purpose of this in plain english please. def display(i): if i == 10: return 'LF' if i == 13: return 'CR' if i == 32: return 'SPACE' return chr(i) infile = open('alice_in_wonderland.txt', 'r') text = infile.read() infile.close() counts = 128 * [0] for letter in text: counts[ord(letter)] += 1 outfile = open('alice_counts.dat', 'w') outfile.write("%-12s%s\n" % ("Character", "Count")) outfile.write("=================\n") for i in range(len(counts)): if counts[i]: outfile.write("%-12s%d\n" % (display(i), counts[i])) outfile.close()

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• Sending mail from Python using SMTP

  - by Eli Bendersky

  I'm using the following method to send mail from Python using SMTP. Is it the right method to use or are there gotchas I'm missing ? from smtplib import SMTP import datetime debuglevel = 0 smtp = SMTP() smtp.set_debuglevel(debuglevel) smtp.connect('YOUR.MAIL.SERVER', 26) smtp.login('USERNAME@DOMAIN', 'PASSWORD') from_addr = "John Doe <[email protected]>" to_addr = "[email protected]" subj = "hello" date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime( "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M" ) message_text = "Hello\nThis is a mail from your server\n\nBye\n" msg = "From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\nDate: %s\n\n%s" % ( from_addr, to_addr, subj, date, message_text ) smtp.sendmail(from_addr, to_addr, msg) smtp.quit()

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• Easy to use time-stamps in Python

  - by Morlock

  I'm working on a journal-type application in Python. The application basically permits the user write entries in the journal and adds a time-stamp for later querying the journal. As of now, I use the time.ctime() function to generate time-stamps that are visually friendly. The journal entries thus look like: Thu Jan 21 19:59:47 2010 Did something Thu Jan 21 20:01:07 2010 Did something else Now, I would like to be able to use these time-stamps to do some searching/querying. I need to be able to search, for example, for "2010", or "feb 2010", or "23 feb 2010". My questions are: 1) What time module(s) should I use: time vs datetime? 2) What would be an appropriate way of creating and using the time-stamp objects? Many thanks!

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• python unichr problem

  - by jacob

  I've got some problem with unichr() on my server. Please see below: On my server (Ubuntu 9.04): >>> print unichr(255) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xff' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) On my desktop (Ubuntu 9.10): >>> print unichr(255) ÿ I'm fairly new to python so I don't know how to solve this. Anyone care to help? Thanks.

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• Next step for Python app using Sqlite db

  - by ChrisC

  I want to write a db program in Python using Sqlite. I have the db table structure planned, and am ready to move to the next step, which I think is to work any bugs out of the db structure. I am totally inexperienced in development except for writing the original db (written in MS Access), and an Intro to C++ class (OOP concepts and console C++ programs). Is it time to test the db structure? If so, what's the best way, and what tool(s) should I use? Thank you.

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• Python UTF-16 encoding hex representation

  - by Romeno

  I have a string in Python 2.7.2 say u"\u0638". When I write it to file: f = open("J:\\111.txt", "w+") f.write(u"\u0638".encode('utf-16')) f.close() In hex it looks like: FF FE 38 06 When i print such a string to stdout i will see: '\xff\xfe8\x06'. The querstion: Where is \x38 in the string output to stdout? In other words why the string output to stdout is not '\xff\xfe\x38\x06'? If I write the string to file twice: f = open("J:\\111.txt", "w+") f.write(u"\u0638".encode('utf-16')) f.write(u"\u0638".encode('utf-16')) f.close() The hex representation in file contains byte order mark (BOM) \xff\xfe twice: FF FE 38 06 FF FE 38 06 I wonder what is the techique to avoid writting BOM in UTF-16 encoded strings?

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• Resizing image with Python with locked aspect ratio

  - by David Vinklar

  How should I resize an image with Python script so that it would automatically adjust the Height ratio to the Width used? I'm using the following code: def Do(Environment): # Resize App.Do( Environment, 'Resize', { 'AspectRatio': 1.33333, 'CurrentDimensionUnits': App.Constants.UnitsOfMeasure.Pixels, 'CurrentResolutionUnits': App.Constants.ResolutionUnits.PixelsPerIn, 'Height': 1440, 'MaintainAspectRatio': True, 'Resample': True, 'ResampleType': App.Constants.ResampleType.SmartSize, 'ResizeAllLayers': True, 'Resolution': 72, 'Width': 1920, }) Using this code works perfectly if the aspect ratio of an image is the same as the one defined in the code - i.e. 1.33333. But how should I make it work with images that do not have this ratio? For me, what is important is that the new Width is 1920; Height has to be able to adjust automatically. Any ideas which part of my code should be altered and how?

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