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• Windows Azure VMs - New "Stopped" VM Options Provide Cost-effective Flexibility for On-Demand Workloads

  - by KeithMayer

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/KeithMayer/archive/2013/06/22/windows-azure-vms---new-stopped-vm-options-provide-cost-effective.aspxDidn’t make it to TechEd this year? Don’t worry!  This month, we’ll be releasing a new article series that highlights the Best of TechEd announcements and technical information for IT Pros.  Today’s article focuses on a new, much-heralded enhancement to Windows Azure Infrastructure Services to make it more cost-effective for spinning VMs up and down on-demand on the Windows Azure cloud platform. NEW! VMs that are shutdown from the Windows Azure Management Portal will no longer continue to accumulate compute charges while stopped! Previous to this enhancement being available, the Azure platform maintained fabric resource reservations for VMs, even in a shutdown state, to ensure consistent resource availability when starting those VMs in the future.  And, this meant that VMs had to be exported and completely deprovisioned when not in use to avoid compute charges. In this article, I'll provide more details on the scenarios that this enhancement best fits, and I'll also review the new options and considerations that we now have for performing safe shutdowns of Windows Azure VMs. Which scenarios does the new enhancement best fit? Being able to easily shutdown VMs from the Windows Azure Management Portal without continued compute charges is a great enhancement for certain cloud use cases, such as: On-demand dev/test/lab environments - Freely start and stop lab VMs so that they are only accumulating compute charges when being actively used.  "Bursting" load-balanced web applications - Provision a number of load-balanced VMs, but keep the minimum number of VMs running to support "normal" loads. Easily start-up the remaining VMs only when needed to support peak loads. Disaster Recovery - Start-up "cold" VMs when needed to recover from disaster scenarios. BUT ... there is a consideration to keep in mind when using the Windows Azure Management Portal to shutdown VMs: although performing a VM shutdown via the Windows Azure Management Portal causes that VM to no longer accumulate compute charges, it also deallocates the VM from fabric resources to which it was previously assigned.  These fabric resources include compute resources such as virtual CPU cores and memory, as well as network resources, such as IP addresses.  This means that when the VM is later started after being shutdown from the portal, the VM could be assigned a different IP address or placed on a different compute node within the fabric. In some cases, you may want to shutdown VMs using the old approach, where fabric resource assignments are maintained while the VM is in a shutdown state.  Specifically, you may wish to do this when temporarily shutting down or restarting a "7x24" VM as part of a maintenance activity.  Good news - you can still revert back to the old VM shutdown behavior when necessary by using the alternate VM shutdown approaches listed below.  Let's walk through each approach for performing a VM Shutdown action on Windows Azure so that we can understand the benefits and considerations of each... How many ways can I shutdown a VM? In Windows Azure Infrastructure Services, there's three general ways that can be used to safely shutdown VMs: Shutdown VM via Windows Azure Management Portal Shutdown Guest Operating System inside the VM Stop VM via Windows PowerShell using Windows Azure PowerShell Module Although each of these options performs a safe shutdown of the guest operation system and the VM itself, each option handles the VM shutdown end state differently. Shutdown VM via Windows Azure Management Portal When clicking the Shutdown button at the bottom of the Virtual Machines page in the Windows Azure Management Portal, the VM is safely shutdown and "deallocated" from fabric resources.  Shutdown button on Virtual Machines page in Windows Azure Management Portal  When the shutdown process completes, the VM will be shown on the Virtual Machines page with a "Stopped ( Deallocated )" status as shown in the figure below. Virtual Machine in a "Stopped (Deallocated)" Status "Deallocated" means that the VM configuration is no longer being actively associated with fabric resources, such as virtual CPUs, memory and networks. In this state, the VM will not continue to allocate compute charges, but since fabric resources are deallocated, the VM could receive a different internal IP address ( called "Dynamic IPs" or "DIPs" in Windows Azure ) the next time it is started.  TIP: If you are leveraging this shutdown option and consistency of DIPs is important to applications running inside your VMs, you should consider using virtual networks with your VMs.  Virtual networks permit you to assign a specific IP Address Space for use with VMs that are assigned to that virtual network.  As long as you start VMs in the same order in which they were originally provisioned, each VM should be reassigned the same DIP that it was previously using. What about consistency of External IP Addresses? Great question! External IP addresses ( called "Virtual IPs" or "VIPs" in Windows Azure ) are associated with the cloud service in which one or more Windows Azure VMs are running.  As long as at least 1 VM inside a cloud service remains in a "Running" state, the VIP assigned to a cloud service will be preserved.  If all VMs inside a cloud service are in a "Stopped ( Deallocated )" status, then the cloud service may receive a different VIP when VMs are next restarted. TIP: If consistency of VIPs is important for the cloud services in which you are running VMs, consider keeping one VM inside each cloud service in the alternate VM shutdown state listed below to preserve the VIP associated with the cloud service. Shutdown Guest Operating System inside the VM When performing a Guest OS shutdown or restart ( ie., a shutdown or restart operation initiated from the Guest OS running inside the VM ), the VM configuration will not be deallocated from fabric resources. In the figure below, the VM has been shutdown from within the Guest OS and is shown with a "Stopped" VM status rather than the "Stopped ( Deallocated )" VM status that was shown in the previous figure. Note that it may require a few minutes for the Windows Azure Management Portal to reflect that the VM is in a "Stopped" state in this scenario, because we are performing an OS shutdown inside the VM rather than through an Azure management endpoint. Virtual Machine in a "Stopped" Status VMs shown in a "Stopped" status will continue to accumulate compute charges, because fabric resources are still being reserved for these VMs.  However, this also means that DIPs and VIPs are preserved for VMs in this state, so you don't have to worry about VMs and cloud services getting different IP addresses when they are started in the future. Stop VM via Windows PowerShell In the latest version of the Windows Azure PowerShell Module, a new -StayProvisioned parameter has been added to the Stop-AzureVM cmdlet. This new parameter provides the flexibility to choose the VM configuration end result when stopping VMs using PowerShell: When running the Stop-AzureVM cmdlet without the -StayProvisioned parameter specified, the VM will be safely stopped and deallocated; that is, the VM will be left in a "Stopped ( Deallocated )" status just like the end result when a VM Shutdown operation is performed via the Windows Azure Management Portal.  When running the Stop-AzureVM cmdlet with the -StayProvisioned parameter specified, the VM will be safely stopped but fabric resource reservations will be preserved; that is the VM will be left in a "Stopped" status just like the end result when performing a Guest OS shutdown operation. So, with PowerShell, you can choose how Windows Azure should handle VM configuration and fabric resource reservations when stopping VMs on a case-by-case basis. TIP: It's important to note that the -StayProvisioned parameter is only available in the latest version of the Windows Azure PowerShell Module.  So, if you've previously downloaded this module, be sure to download and install the latest version to get this new functionality. Want to Learn More about Windows Azure Infrastructure Services? To learn more about Windows Azure Infrastructure Services, be sure to check-out these additional FREE resources: Become our next "Early Expert"! Complete the Early Experts "Cloud Quest" and build a multi-VM lab network in the cloud for FREE!  Build some cool scenarios! Check out our list of over 20+ Step-by-Step Lab Guides based on key scenarios that IT Pros are implementing on Windows Azure Infrastructure Services TODAY!  Looking forward to seeing you in the Cloud! - Keith Build Your Lab! Download Windows Server 2012 Don’t Have a Lab? Build Your Lab in the Cloud with Windows Azure Virtual Machines Want to Get Certified? Join our Windows Server 2012 "Early Experts" Study Group

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• Cisco VPN Client Behind ASA 5505

  - by fdf33

  I'm trying to get connected to another ASA via Cisco VPN Client. I am behind an ASA 5505 myself and I am tryihng to VPN to a 5510. I get the message: Secure VPN Connection terminated locally by the Client. Reason 412: The remote peer is no longer responding. I can connect to the other ASA if I use a normal cheap Linksys. Here's the version of my ASA: Result of the command: "sh ver" Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software Version 8.4(1) Any help would be great. Thanks running-config : Saved : Written by enable_15 at 23:12:32.378 UTC Fri Jul 1 2011 ! ASA Version 8.4(1) ! hostname aaaasa domain-name aaa.local enable password xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted passwd xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted names ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.254.0 ! interface Vlan5 no nameif security-level 50 ip address 172.16.0.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan500 no nameif security-level 100 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! boot system disk0:/asa841-k8.bin ftp mode passive dns domain-lookup inside dns domain-lookup outside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server 4.2.2.2 domain-name aaa.local same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object network obj_any subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 object network A_93.97.168.1 host 93.97.168.1 object network rdp host 192.168.1.2 object network NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.1.0_24 subnet 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 access-list 101 extended permit tcp any host 192.168.1.2 eq 3389 access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any source-quench access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any time-exceeded access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any unreachable access-list 102 extended permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1492 ip local pool VPNPool 192.168.2.200-192.168.2.210 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-641.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 ! object network rdp nat (inside,outside) static interface service tcp 3389 3389 ! nat (inside,outside) after-auto source dynamic any interface access-group 101 in interface outside access-group 102 out interface outside ! router ospf 1 network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 log-adj-changes ! route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 93.97.168.1 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal DES protocol esp encryption des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal 3DES protocol esp encryption 3des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES protocol esp encryption aes protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES192 protocol esp encryption aes-192 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 protocol esp encryption aes-256 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 AES192 AES 3DES DES crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto ca trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 enrollment self subject-name CN=ciscoasa proxy-ldc-issuer crl configure crypto ca certificate chain ASDM_TrustPoint0 certificate 8877d64d 30820248 308201b1 a0030201 02020488 77d64d30 0d06092a 864886f7 0d010105 05003036 3111300f 06035504 03130863 6973636f 61736131 21301f06 092a8648 86f70d01 09021612 63697363 6f617361 2e6e6a64 2e6c6f63 616c301e 170d3131 30353231 30383533 34325a17 0d323130 35313830 38353334 325a3036 3111300f 06035504 03130863 6973636f 61736131 21301f06 092a8648 86f70d01 09021612 63697363 6f617361 2e6e6a64 2e6c6f63 616c3081 9f300d06 092a8648 86f70d01 01010500 03818d00 30818902 818100ea 1aa95141 480e616c efee6816 a96d6511 313b6776 cd3dd57b cd84b4d2 5e108aee 7c980086 4d92e2eb b6c7bf66 4585af0a ccbf153a db9270be c6f5c67b db9dd8d1 2f78d033 3348b056 df4be0da 70e08953 53adf294 9db6c020 597d250f bf448b43 b90179c8 ff0b15d8 744632d9 31c1945f 0b11e258 b4c1d224 692efff4 7b2f5102 03010001 a3633061 300f0603 551d1301 01ff0405 30030101 ff300e06 03551d0f 0101ff04 04030201 86301f06 03551d23 04183016 8014493c 19db183a ab1af9e9 b1e44ad4 2a408b3c 89d1301d 0603551d 0e041604 14493c19 db183aab 1af9e9b1 e44ad42a 408b3c89 d1300d06 092a8648 86f70d01 01050500 03818100 1dd1760a fdd15941 4803fb9a cd6f44a7 2e275854 a1c0fbe1 d19f2cc9 182d43ef a547f854 8df96d15 3ea79c62 cf3fcb1c 5820360b c607dbfc 4de8bb16 19f727e9 b928a085 665816d8 138e4a35 ed610950 7910dd4a 0b1a9dd9 0e26f1c8 b78bc0cc cbf19eb2 4c4c3931 45199ea5 249e3266 661e44fd 7a00d376 dcfc6e4e d43f10b8 quit crypto isakmp nat-traversal 30 crypto ikev2 policy 1 encryption aes-256 integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 10 encryption aes-192 integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 20 encryption aes integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 30 encryption 3des integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 40 encryption des integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 enable outside client-services port 443 crypto ikev2 remote-access trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 telnet timeout 5 ssh 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.1.5-192.168.1.36 inside dhcpd dns 4.2.2.2 interface inside dhcpd enable inside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics host number-of-rate 3 threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept rate-interval 30 burst-rate 400 average-rate 200 ntp server 82.219.4.31 source outside prefer ssl trust-point ASDM_TrustPoint0 outside webvpn enable outside anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-2.4.1012-k9.pkg 1 anyconnect profiles AnyConnectVPN_client_profile disk0:/AnyConnectVPN_client_profile.xml anyconnect profiles SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile disk0:/SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile.xml anyconnect enable tunnel-group-list enable group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN internal group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN attributes wins-server none dns-server value 4.2.2.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2 ssl-client ssl-clientless default-domain value aaa.local webvpn url-list none anyconnect profiles value AnyConnectVPN_client_profile type user group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN internal group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN attributes wins-server none dns-server value 4.2.2.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2 ssl-client default-domain value aaa.local webvpn anyconnect profiles value SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile type user username testuser password xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted privilege 0 username testuser attributes vpn-group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLPOL type remote-access tunnel-group SSLPOL general-attributes default-group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN type remote-access tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN general-attributes address-pool VPNPool default-group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN webvpn-attributes group-alias SSLAnyConnectVPN enable ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect esmtp inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect ip-options inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect sip inspect skinny inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect xdmcp ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context call-home profile CiscoTAC-1 no active destination address http https://tools.cisco.com/its/service/oddce/services/DDCEService destination address email [email protected] destination transport-method http subscribe-to-alert-group diagnostic subscribe-to-alert-group environment subscribe-to-alert-group inventory periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group configuration periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group telemetry periodic daily Cryptochecksum:94a65341aa27d3929d5e92a32ba22120 : end

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• iPhone - how to find a parent View

  - by Oscar Peli

  Hi there, I need some help to find a View inside a hierarchy. Here is how I build up the View stack. Inside my first UITableViewController I push an UIViewController that contains an UITabBarController: [[self navigationController] pushViewController:itemVC animated:YES]; Inside the UITabBarController I add an UITableViewController: ISSTableViewController *graphics = (ISSTableViewController *)[tabBarController.viewControllers objectAtIndex:3]; Inside the didSelectRowAtIndexPath I present a Modal View Controller using a UINavigationController: GraficoViewController *graph = [[GraficoViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"GraficoViewController" bundle:nil]; UINavigationController *navigationController = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:graph]; [self presentModalViewController:navigationController animated:YES]; [navigationController release]; Now the (BIG) question is: I have to hide the NagivationBar of my first UITableViewController inside my last view. I tried with this: [[[[[self parentViewController] parentViewController] parentViewController] navigationController] setNavigationBarHidden:YES]; but it doesn't work. Can someone tell me how I can find my ancestor View??? Thanks.

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• How to select nth element of particular type in enlive?

  - by Mad Wombat

  I am trying to scrape some data from a page with a table based layout. So, to get some of the data I need to get something like 3rd table inside 2nd table inside 5th table inside 1st table inside body. I am trying to use enlive, but cannot figure out how to use nth-of-type and other selector steps. To make matters worse, the page in question has a single top level table inside the body, but (select data [:body : :table]) returns 6 results for some reason. What the hell am I doing wrong?

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• #pragma directive and its uses in c

  - by sandy101

  Hello , can anyone tell my what does the #pragma can do in the c language . what are its uses and why the above program is not giving the output 'inside v1'& 'inside v2' in the following program ... include void v1(); void v2(); pragma startup v1 pragma exit v2 int main() { printf("inside main\n"); return 0; } void v1() { printf("inside v1\n"); } void v2() { printf("inside v2\n"); } i also want to know what a are the uses of the #pragma directive .... plz help

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• Facebook Iframe App in Safari links to home page. Works OK in other Browsers.

  - by Bathan

  I have a facebook iframe that has several php files in it. In all tested browsers (IE,FFOX,Chrome) the links on the header work fine and go to the php files inside the iframe. When I tried this on Safari the links are reloading the whole app inside the iframe. Is like a recursive call because Its not like im having the home page reloaded inside the iframe but the whole facebook page WITH the iframe.. reloaded inside my iframe. The links are called using javascript with document.location.href="myPage.php"; Tryed placing target "_self" inside the link but this turned out weird : the iframe page was placed on top of everything, as if I had specified "_parent" on the target. Any help?

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• Errors detected when loading a vim plugin from .vimrc

  - by Tejinder

  I have installed vim 7.3 on debian system along with some vimrc i have downloaded from internet. It used to work fine on my other debian machine but here i get these error messages while i load the vim editor. Here are the errors: Error detected while processing /home/tejinder/.vim/plugin/gundo.vim: line 196: E319: Sorry, the command is not available in this version: python << ENDPYTHON line 197: E492: Not an editor command: def asciiedges(seen, rev, parents): line 199: E121: Undefined variable: rev E15: Invalid expression: rev not in seen: line 221: E133: :return not inside a function line 231: E133: :return not inside a function line 233: E133: :return not inside a function line 235: E133: :return not inside a function line 238: E690: Missing "in" after :for line 347: E690: Missing "in" after :for line 356: E690: Missing "in" after :for line 453: E690: Missing "in" after :for line 464: E690: Missing "in" after :for line 469: E133: :return not inside a function line 795: E170: Missing :endfor Press ENTER or type command to continue If anyone could figure out thats going on, please guide me. Thanks a lot. Here is vimrc source: https://github.com/mitsuhiko/dotfiles/tree/master/vim

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• Dismissing the keyboard in a UIScrollView

  - by Nicholas1024

  Alright, I have a couple of UITextFields and UITextViews inside a UIScrollView, and I'd like to set the keyboard to disappear whenever the scrollview is touched or scrolled (except when you touch down inside the text field/view, of course). My current attempt at doing this is replacing the UIScrollView with a subclass, and setting it to call a removeKeyboard function (defined inside the main view controller) inside the touchesBegan method. However, this only removes the keyboard for a normal touch, not when the view is simply scrolled. So, what's the best way to remove the keyboard inside a UIScrollView? Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Global JavaScript Variable Scope: Why doesn't this work?

  - by CoryDorning

  So I'm playing around with JavaScript and came across what I think to be an oddity. Is anyone able to explain the following? (i've included the alerted values as comments) Why is the first alert(msg) inside foo() returning undefined and not outside? var msg = 'outside'; function foo() { alert(msg); // undefined var msg = 'inside'; alert(msg); // inside } foo(); alert(msg); // outside Considering these both work fine: var msg = 'outside'; function foo() { alert(msg); // outside } alert(msg); // outside and: var msg = 'outside'; function foo() { var msg = 'inside'; alert(msg); // inside } alert(msg); // outside

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• Dismissing the keyboard in a UIScrollView

  - by Nicholas1024

  Alright, I have a couple of UITextFields and UITextViews inside a UIScrollView, and I'd like to set the keyboard to disappear whenever the scrollview is touched or scrolled (except when you touch down inside the text field/view, of course). My current attempt at doing this is replacing the UIScrollView with a subclass, and setting it to call a removeKeyboard function (defined inside the main view controller) inside the touchesBegan method. However, this only removes the keyboard for a normal touch, not when the view is simply scrolled. So, what's the best way to remove the keyboard inside a UIScrollView? Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Having trouble returning a value from a method call when sending an array and the program is error out when run in reference to the sort

  - by programmerNOOB

  I am getting the following output when this program is run: Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 0: 111111111 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 0: 20000 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 1: 555555555 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 1: 50000 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 2: 333333333 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 2: 5464166 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 3: 222222222 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 3: 645641 Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer 4: 444444444 Please enter the gross income for taxpayer 4: 29000 Taxpayer # 1 SSN: 111111111, Income is $20,000.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 2 SSN: 555555555, Income is $50,000.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 3 SSN: 333333333, Income is $5,464,166.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 4 SSN: 222222222, Income is $645,641.00, Tax is $0.00 Taxpayer # 5 SSN: 444444444, Income is $29,000.00, Tax is $0.00 Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Failed to compare two elements in the array. --- System.ArgumentException: At least one object must implement IComparable. at System.Collections.Comparer.Compare(Object a, Object b) at System.Collections.Generic.ObjectComparer`1.Compare(T x, T y) at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.SwapIfGreaterWithItems(T[] keys, IComparer`1 comparer, Int32 a, Int32 b) at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.QuickSort(T[] keys, Int32 left, Int32 right, IComparer`1 comparer) at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.Sort(T[] keys, Int32 index, Int32 length, IComparer`1 comparer) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Collections.Generic.ArraySortHelper`1.Sort(T[] keys, Int32 index, Int32 length, IComparer`1 comparer) at System.Array.Sort[T](T[] array, Int32 index, Int32 length, IComparer`1 comparer) at System.Array.Sort[T](T[] array) at Assignment5.Taxpayer.Main(String[] args) in Program.cs:line 150 Notice the 0s at the end of the line that should be the tax amount??? Here is the code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace taxes { class Rates { // Create a class named rates that has the following data members: private int incLimit; private double lowTaxRate; private double highTaxRate; // use read-only accessor public int IncomeLimit { get { return incLimit; } } public double LowTaxRate { get { return lowTaxRate; } } public double HighTaxRate { get { return highTaxRate; } } //A class constructor that assigns default values public Rates() { int limit = 30000; double lowRate = .15; double highRate = .28; incLimit = limit; lowTaxRate = lowRate; highTaxRate = highRate; } //A class constructor that takes three parameters to assign input values for limit, low rate and high rate. public Rates(int limit, double lowRate, double highRate) { } // A CalculateTax method that takes an income parameter and computes the tax as follows: public int CalculateTax(int income) { int limit = 0; double lowRate = 0; double highRate = 0; int taxOwed = 0; // If income is less than the limit then return the tax as income times low rate. if (income < limit) taxOwed = Convert.ToInt32(income * lowRate); // If income is greater than or equal to the limit then return the tax as income times high rate. if (income >= limit) taxOwed = Convert.ToInt32(income * highRate); return taxOwed; } } //end class Rates // Create a class named Taxpayer that has the following data members: public class Taxpayer { //Use get and set accessors. string SSN { get; set; } int grossIncome { get; set; } // Use read-only accessor. public int taxOwed { get { return taxOwed; } } // The Taxpayer class should be set up so that its objects are comparable to each other based on tax owed. class taxpayer : IComparable { public int taxOwed { get; set; } public int income { get; set; } int IComparable.CompareTo(Object o) { int returnVal; taxpayer temp = (taxpayer)o; if (this.taxOwed > temp.taxOwed) returnVal = 1; else if (this.taxOwed < temp.taxOwed) returnVal = -1; else returnVal = 0; return returnVal; } // End IComparable.CompareTo } //end taxpayer IComparable class // **The tax should be calculated whenever the income is set. // The Taxpayer class should have a getRates class method that has the following. public static void GetRates() { // Local method data members for income limit, low rate and high rate. int incLimit = 0; double lowRate; double highRate; string userInput; // Prompt the user to enter a selection for either default settings or user input of settings. Console.Write("Would you like the default values (D) or would you like to enter the values (E)?: "); /* If the user selects default the default values you will instantiate a rates object using the default constructor * and set the Taxpayer class data member for tax equal to the value returned from calling the rates object CalculateTax method.*/ userInput = Convert.ToString(Console.ReadLine()); if (userInput == "D" || userInput == "d") { Rates rates = new Rates(); rates.CalculateTax(incLimit); } // end if /* If the user selects to enter the rates data then prompt the user to enter values for income limit, low rate and high rate, * instantiate a rates object using the three-argument constructor passing those three entries as the constructor arguments and * set the Taxpayer class data member for tax equal to the valuereturned from calling the rates object CalculateTax method. */ if (userInput == "E" || userInput == "e") { Console.Write("Please enter the income limit: "); incLimit = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.Write("Please enter the low rate: "); lowRate = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine()); Console.Write("Please enter the high rate: "); highRate = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine()); Rates rates = new Rates(incLimit, lowRate, highRate); rates.CalculateTax(incLimit); } } static void Main(string[] args) { Taxpayer[] taxArray = new Taxpayer[5]; Rates taxRates = new Rates(); // Implement a for-loop that will prompt the user to enter the Social Security Number and gross income. for (int x = 0; x < taxArray.Length; ++x) { taxArray[x] = new Taxpayer(); Console.Write("Please enter the Social Security Number for taxpayer {0}: ", x + 1); taxArray[x].SSN = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("Please enter the gross income for taxpayer {0}: ", x + 1); taxArray[x].grossIncome = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); } Taxpayer.GetRates(); // Implement a for-loop that will display each object as formatted taxpayer SSN, income and calculated tax. for (int i = 0; i < taxArray.Length; ++i) { Console.WriteLine("Taxpayer # {0} SSN: {1}, Income is {2:c}, Tax is {3:c}", i + 1, taxArray[i].SSN, taxArray[i].grossIncome, taxRates.CalculateTax(taxArray[i].grossIncome)); } // end for // Implement a for-loop that will sort the five objects in order by the amount of tax owed Array.Sort(taxArray); Console.WriteLine("Sorted by tax owed"); for (int i = 0; i < taxArray.Length; ++i) { Console.WriteLine("Taxpayer # {0} SSN: {1}, Income is {2:c}, Tax is {3:c}", i + 1, taxArray[i].SSN, taxArray[i].grossIncome, taxRates.CalculateTax(taxArray[i].grossIncome)); } } //end main } // end Taxpayer class } //end Any clues as to why the dollar amount is coming up as 0 and why the sort is not working?

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• Differences Between NHibernate and Entity Framework

  - by Ricardo Peres

  Introduction NHibernate and Entity Framework are two of the most popular O/RM frameworks on the .NET world. Although they share some functionality, there are some aspects on which they are quite different. This post will describe this differences and will hopefully help you get started with the one you know less. Mind you, this is a personal selection of features to compare, it is by no way an exhaustive list. History First, a bit of history. NHibernate is an open-source project that was first ported from Java’s venerable Hibernate framework, one of the first O/RM frameworks, but nowadays it is not tied to it, for example, it has .NET specific features, and has evolved in different ways from those of its Java counterpart. Current version is 3.3, with 3.4 on the horizon. It currently targets .NET 3.5, but can be used as well in .NET 4, it only makes no use of any of its specific functionality. You can find its home page at NHForge. Entity Framework 1 came out with .NET 3.5 and is now on its second major version, despite being version 4. Code First sits on top of it and but came separately and will also continue to be released out of line with major .NET distributions. It is currently on version 4.3.1 and version 5 will be released together with .NET Framework 4.5. All versions will target the current version of .NET, at the time of their release. Its home location is located at MSDN. Architecture In NHibernate, there is a separation between the Unit of Work and the configuration and model instances. You start off by creating a Configuration object, where you specify all global NHibernate settings such as the database and dialect to use, the batch sizes, the mappings, etc, then you build an ISessionFactory from it. The ISessionFactory holds model and metadata that is tied to a particular database and to the settings that came from the Configuration object, and, there will typically be only one instance of each in a process. Finally, you create instances of ISession from the ISessionFactory, which is the NHibernate representation of the Unit of Work and Identity Map. This is a lightweight object, it basically opens and closes a database connection as required and keeps track of the entities associated with it. ISession objects are cheap to create and dispose, because all of the model complexity is stored in the ISessionFactory and Configuration objects. As for Entity Framework, the ObjectContext/DbContext holds the configuration, model and acts as the Unit of Work, holding references to all of the known entity instances. This class is therefore not lightweight as its NHibernate counterpart and it is not uncommon to see examples where an instance is cached on a field. Mappings Both NHibernate and Entity Framework (Code First) support the use of POCOs to represent entities, no base classes are required (or even possible, in the case of NHibernate). As for mapping to and from the database, NHibernate supports three types of mappings: XML-based, which have the advantage of not tying the entity classes to a particular O/RM; the XML files can be deployed as files on the file system or as embedded resources in an assembly; Attribute-based, for keeping both the entities and database details on the same place at the expense of polluting the entity classes with NHibernate-specific attributes; Strongly-typed code-based, which allows dynamic creation of the model and strongly typing it, so that if, for example, a property name changes, the mapping will also be updated. Entity Framework can use: Attribute-based (although attributes cannot express all of the available possibilities – for example, cascading); Strongly-typed code mappings. Database Support With NHibernate you can use mostly any database you want, including: SQL Server; SQL Server Compact; SQL Server Azure; Oracle; DB2; PostgreSQL; MySQL; Sybase Adaptive Server/SQL Anywhere; Firebird; SQLLite; Informix; Any through OLE DB; Any through ODBC. Out of the box, Entity Framework only supports SQL Server, but a number of providers exist, both free and commercial, for some of the most used databases, such as Oracle and MySQL. See a list here. Inheritance Strategies Both NHibernate and Entity Framework support the three canonical inheritance strategies: Table Per Type Hierarchy (Single Table Inheritance), Table Per Type (Class Table Inheritance) and Table Per Concrete Type (Concrete Table Inheritance). Associations Regarding associations, both support one to one, one to many and many to many. However, NHibernate offers far more collection types: Bags of entities or values: unordered, possibly with duplicates; Lists of entities or values: ordered, indexed by a number column; Maps of entities or values: indexed by either an entity or any value; Sets of entities or values: unordered, no duplicates; Arrays of entities or values: indexed, immutable. Querying NHibernate exposes several querying APIs: LINQ is probably the most used nowadays, and really does not need to be introduced; Hibernate Query Language (HQL) is a database-agnostic, object-oriented SQL-alike language that exists since NHibernate’s creation and still offers the most advanced querying possibilities; well suited for dynamic queries, even if using string concatenation; Criteria API is an implementation of the Query Object pattern where you create a semi-abstract conceptual representation of the query you wish to execute by means of a class model; also a good choice for dynamic querying; Query Over offers a similar API to Criteria, but using strongly-typed LINQ expressions instead of strings; for this, although more refactor-friendlier that Criteria, it is also less suited for dynamic queries; SQL, including stored procedures, can also be used; Integration with Lucene.NET indexer is available. As for Entity Framework: LINQ to Entities is fully supported, and its implementation is considered very complete; it is the API of choice for most developers; Entity-SQL, HQL’s counterpart, is also an object-oriented, database-independent querying language that can be used for dynamic queries; SQL, of course, is also supported. Caching Both NHibernate and Entity Framework, of course, feature first-level cache. NHibernate also supports a second-level cache, that can be used among multiple ISessionFactorys, even in different processes/machines: Hashtable (in-memory); SysCache (uses ASP.NET as the cache provider); SysCache2 (same as above but with support for SQL Server SQL Dependencies); Prevalence; SharedCache; Memcached; Redis; NCache; Appfabric Caching. Out of the box, Entity Framework does not have any second-level cache mechanism, however, there are some public samples that show how we can add this. ID Generators NHibernate supports different ID generation strategies, coming from the database and otherwise: Identity (for SQL Server, MySQL, and databases who support identity columns); Sequence (for Oracle, PostgreSQL, and others who support sequences); Trigger-based; HiLo; Sequence HiLo (for databases that support sequences); Several GUID flavors, both in GUID as well as in string format; Increment (for single-user uses); Assigned (must know what you’re doing); Sequence-style (either uses an actual sequence or a single-column table); Table of ids; Pooled (similar to HiLo but stores high values in a table); Native (uses whatever mechanism the current database supports, identity or sequence). Entity Framework only supports: Identity generation; GUIDs; Assigned values. Properties NHibernate supports properties of entity types (one to one or many to one), collections (one to many or many to many) as well as scalars and enumerations. It offers a mechanism for having complex property types generated from the database, which even include support for querying. It also supports properties originated from SQL formulas. Entity Framework only supports scalars, entity types and collections. Enumerations support will come in the next version. Events and Interception NHibernate has a very rich event model, that exposes more than 20 events, either for synchronous pre-execution or asynchronous post-execution, including: Pre/Post-Load; Pre/Post-Delete; Pre/Post-Insert; Pre/Post-Update; Pre/Post-Flush. It also features interception of class instancing and SQL generation. As for Entity Framework, only two events exist: ObjectMaterialized (after loading an entity from the database); SavingChanges (before saving changes, which include deleting, inserting and updating). Tracking Changes For NHibernate as well as Entity Framework, all changes are tracked by their respective Unit of Work implementation. Entities can be attached and detached to it, Entity Framework does, however, also support self-tracking entities. Optimistic Concurrency Control NHibernate supports all of the imaginable scenarios: SQL Server’s ROWVERSION; Oracle’s ORA_ROWSCN; A column containing date and time; A column containing a version number; All/dirty columns comparison. Entity Framework is more focused on Entity Framework, so it only supports: SQL Server’s ROWVERSION; Comparing all/some columns. Batching NHibernate has full support for insertion batching, but only if the ID generator in use is not database-based (for example, it cannot be used with Identity), whereas Entity Framework has no batching at all. Cascading Both support cascading for collections and associations: when an entity is deleted, their conceptual children are also deleted. NHibernate also offers the possibility to set the foreign key column on children to NULL instead of removing them. Flushing Changes NHibernate’s ISession has a FlushMode property that can have the following values: Auto: changes are sent to the database when necessary, for example, if there are dirty instances of an entity type, and a query is performed against this entity type, or if the ISession is being disposed; Commit: changes are sent when committing the current transaction; Never: changes are only sent when explicitly calling Flush(). As for Entity Framework, changes have to be explicitly sent through a call to AcceptAllChanges()/SaveChanges(). Lazy Loading NHibernate supports lazy loading for Associated entities (one to one, many to one); Collections (one to many, many to many); Scalar properties (thing of BLOBs or CLOBs). Entity Framework only supports lazy loading for: Associated entities; Collections. Generating and Updating the Database Both NHibernate and Entity Framework Code First (with the Migrations API) allow creating the database model from the mapping and updating it if the mapping changes. Extensibility As you can guess, NHibernate is far more extensible than Entity Framework. Basically, everything can be extended, from ID generation, to LINQ to SQL transformation, HQL native SQL support, custom column types, custom association collections, SQL generation, supported databases, etc. With Entity Framework your options are more limited, at least, because practically no information exists as to what can be extended/changed. It features a provider model that can be extended to support any database. Integration With Other Microsoft APIs and Tools When it comes to integration with Microsoft technologies, it will come as no surprise that Entity Framework offers the best support. For example, the following technologies are fully supported: ASP.NET (through the EntityDataSource); ASP.NET Dynamic Data; WCF Data Services; WCF RIA Services; Visual Studio (through the integrated designer). Documentation This is another point where Entity Framework is superior: NHibernate lacks, for starters, an up to date API reference synchronized with its current version. It does have a community mailing list, blogs and wikis, although not much used. Entity Framework has a number of resources on MSDN and, of course, several forums and discussion groups exist. Conclusion Like I said, this is a personal list. I may come as a surprise to some that Entity Framework is so behind NHibernate in so many aspects, but it is true that NHibernate is much older and, due to its open-source nature, is not tied to product-specific timeframes and can thus evolve much more rapidly. I do like both, and I chose whichever is best for the job I have at hands. I am looking forward to the changes in EF5 which will add significant value to an already interesting product. So, what do you think? Did I forget anything important or is there anything else worth talking about? Looking forward for your comments!

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• Apache MaxClients reaching max and locking the server

  - by Rodrigo Sieiro

  Hi. I currently have an Apache2 server running with mpm-prefork and mod_php on a OpenVZ VPS with 512M real / 1024M burstable RAM (no swap). After running some tests, I found that the maximum process size Apache gets is 23M, so I've set MaxClients to 25 (23M x 25 = 575 MB, ok for me). I decided to run some load tests on my server, and the results left me puzzled. I'm using ab on my desktop machine requesting the main page from a wordpress blog. When I run ab with 24 concurrent connections, everything seems fine. Sure, CPU goes up, free RAM goes down, and the result is about 2-3s response time per request. But if I run ab with 25 concurrent connections (my server limit), Apache just hangs after a couple of seconds. It starts processing the requests, then it stops responding, CPU goes back to 100% idle and ab times out. Apache log says it reached MaxClients. When this happens, Apache keeps itself locked up with 25 running processes (they're all in "W" if I check server status) and only after the TimeOut setting the processes start to die and the server starts responding again (in my case it's set to 45). My question: is that expected behaviour? Why Apache just dies when it reaches MaxClients? If it works with 24 connections, shouldn't it work with 25, just taking maybe more time to respond each request and queueing up the rest? It sounds kinda strange to me that any kid running ab can alone kill a webserver just by setting the concurrent connections to the servers MaxClients.

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• Apache reaching MaxClients and locking the server

  - by Rodrigo Sieiro

  Hi. I currently have an Apache2 server running with mpm-prefork and mod_php on a OpenVZ VPS with 512M real / 1024M burstable RAM (no swap). After running some tests, I found that the maximum process size Apache gets is 23M, so I've set MaxClients to 25 (23M x 25 = 575 MB, ok for me). I decided to run some load tests on my server, and the results left me puzzled. I'm using ab on my desktop machine requesting the main page from a wordpress blog. When I run ab with 24 concurrent connections, everything seems fine. Sure, CPU goes up, free RAM goes down, and the result is about 2-3s response time per request. But if I run ab with 25 concurrent connections (my server limit), Apache just hangs after a couple of seconds. It starts processing the requests, then it stops responding, CPU goes back to 100% idle and ab times out. Apache log says it reached MaxClients. When this happens, Apache keeps itself locked up with 25 running processes (they're all in "W" if I check server status) and only after the TimeOut setting the processes start to die and the server starts responding again (in my case it's set to 45). My question: is that expected behaviour? Why Apache just dies when it reaches MaxClients? If it works with 24 connections, shouldn't it work with 25, just taking maybe more time to respond each request and queueing up the rest? It sounds kinda strange to me that any kid running ab can alone kill a webserver just by setting the concurrent connections to the servers MaxClients.

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• Virtualbox HTTP load testing, host CPU overload issues

  - by aschuler

  I'm doing HTTP load testing benchmarks (using Apache Benchmark and Siege) on a small Java EE 1.7.0 / Tomcat 7.0.26 application running on a Debian Squeeze 6.0.4 x64 virtualized with Virtualbox 4.1.8. The computer host is Ubuntu 11.10 x64. I've modified those parameters in the Tomcat server.xml : <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="200000" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="2000" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="50" /> The application executed on the server takes around 300ms. This app is running well until a certain amount of concurrent connections like those one : ab -n 500 -c 150 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080/myapp/ ab -n 1000 -c 50 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080/myapp/ siege -b -c 100 -r 20 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080/myapp/ A lot of socket connection timed out happens and this completly overload the host processor (but the CPU load inside the VM is normal). Doing an htop on the host, i can see that the Virtualbox processus is running under 300% CPU and never come down even after the load test is finished. (I've allocated 4 processors to the VM, if I allocate only one processor, CPU load goes under 100%). Restarting Tomcat don't do anything, i'm forced to restart the whole VM. I've tryed to launch those ab/siege commands locally on the VM and everything goes well. I first thought it was related to a linux network limit as explained here: Running some benchmarks using ab, and tomcat starts to really slow down So I've modified those TCP parameters : echo 15 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout echo 30 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse It seems to be better, but it continues to overload the host CPU and output socket connections time out at a certain amount of concurrent connections. I'm wondering if this is not related to how Virtualbox handles external concurrent connections.

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• What is optimal hardware configuration for heavy load LAMP application

  - by Piotr K.

  I need to run Linux-Apache-PHP-MySQL application (Moodle e-learning platform) for a large number of concurrent users - I am aiming 5000 users. By concurrent I mean that 5000 people should be able to work with the application at the same time. "Work" means not only do database reads but writes as well. The application is not very typical, since it is doing a lot of inserts/updates on the database, so caching techniques are not helping to much. We are using InnoDB storage engine. In addition application is not written with performance in mind. For instance one Apache thread usually occupies about 30-50 MB of RAM. I would be greatful for information what hardware is needed to build scalable configuration that is able to handle this kind of load. We are using right now two HP DLG 380 with two 4 core processors which are able to handle much lower load (typically 300-500 concurrent users). Is it reasonable to invest in this kind of boxes and build cluster using them or is it better to go with some more high-end hardware? I am particularly curious how many and how powerful servers are needed (number of processors/cores, size of RAM) what network equipment should be used (what kind of switches, network cards) any other hardware, like particular disc storage solutions, etc, that are needed Another thing is how to put together everything, that is what is the most optimal architecture. Clustering with MySQL is rather hard (people are complaining about MySQL Cluster, even here on Stackoverflow).

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• java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread

  - by Brad

  I consistently get this exception when trying to run my Junit tests on my mac: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread at java.lang.Thread.start0(Native Method) at java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:658) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.addIfUnderMaximumPoolSize(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:727) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:657) at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:92) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.ApiProxyLocalImpl$PrivilegedApiAction.run(ApiProxyLocalImpl.java:197) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.ApiProxyLocalImpl$PrivilegedApiAction.run(ApiProxyLocalImpl.java:184) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.ApiProxyLocalImpl.doAsyncCall(ApiProxyLocalImpl.java:172) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.ApiProxyLocalImpl.makeAsyncCall(ApiProxyLocalImpl.java:138) The same set of unit tests pass perfectly fine on ubuntu and windows. Some information about my system resources on the mac: $ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited file size (blocks, -f) unlimited max locked memory (kbytes, -l) unlimited max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 1 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 266 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited $ java -version java version "1.6.0_24" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_24-b07-334-10M3326) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 19.1-b02-334, mixed mode) The reason I dont think this is an application issue is because the same tests pass in different environments. I have tried setting heap to 1024m, 512m and setting the stack to 64k and 128k (and each of these combinations) with no luck. My open files was originally 256 and I have bumped this to 1024. I have been googling around for a bit and all posts say to decrease heap size and increase stack size but that doesnt seem to help. Anyone have anymore ideas? EDIT: Here are is some environment information on my ubuntu box: $ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 20 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 16382 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) unlimited virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited $ java -version java version "1.6.0_24" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_24-b07) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 19.1-b02, mixed mode)

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• Difference in performance: local machine VS amazon medium instance

  - by user644745

  I see a drastic difference in performance matrix when i run it with apache benchmark (ab) in my local machine VS production hosted in amazon medium instance. Same concurrent requests (5) and same total number of requests (111) has been run against both. Amazon has better memory than my local machine. But there are 2 CPUs in my local machine vs 1 CPU in m1.medium. My internet speed is very low at the moment, I am getting Transfer rate as 25.29KBps. How can I improve the performance ? Do not know how to interpret Connect, Processing, Waiting and total in ab output. Here is Localhost: Server Hostname: localhost Server Port: 9999 Document Path: / Document Length: 7631 bytes Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 1.424 seconds Complete requests: 111 Failed requests: 102 (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 102, Exceptions: 0) Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 860808 bytes HTML transferred: 847155 bytes Requests per second: 77.95 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 64.148 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 12.830 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 590.30 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.5 0 1 Processing: 14 63 99.9 43 562 Waiting: 14 60 96.7 39 560 Total: 14 63 99.9 43 563 And this is production: Document Path: / Document Length: 7783 bytes Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 33.883 seconds Complete requests: 111 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 877566 bytes HTML transferred: 863913 bytes Requests per second: 3.28 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 1526.258 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 305.252 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 25.29 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 290 297 14.0 293 413 Processing: 897 1178 63.4 1176 1391 Waiting: 296 606 135.6 588 1171 Total: 1191 1475 66.0 1471 1684

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• Performance: Nginx SSL slowness or just SSL slowness in general?

  - by Mauvis Ledford

  I have an Amazon Web Services setup with an Apache instance behind Nginx with Nginx handling SSL and serving everything but the .php pages. In my ApacheBench tests I'm seeing this for my most expensive API call (which cache via Memcached): 100 concurrent calls to API call (http): 115ms (median) 260ms (max) 100 concurrent calls to API call (https): 6.1s (median) 11.9s (max) I've done a bit of research, disabled the most expensive SSL ciphers and enabled SSL caching (I know it doesn't help in this particular test.) Can you tell me why my SSL is taking so long? I've set up a massive EC2 server with 8CPUs and even applying consistent load to it only brings it up to 50% total CPU. I have 8 Nginx workers set and a bunch of Apache. Currently this whole setup is on one EC2 box but I plan to split it up and load balance it. There have been a few questions on this topic but none of those answers (disable expensive ciphers, cache ssl, seem to do anything.) Sample results below: $ ab -k -n 100 -c 100 https://URL This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking URL.com (be patient).....done Server Software: nginx/1.0.15 Server Hostname: URL.com Server Port: 443 SSL/TLS Protocol: TLSv1/SSLv3,AES256-SHA,2048,256 Document Path: /PATH Document Length: 73142 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 12.204 seconds Complete requests: 100 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Keep-Alive requests: 0 Total transferred: 7351097 bytes HTML transferred: 7314200 bytes Requests per second: 8.19 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 12203.589 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 122.036 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 588.25 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 65 168 64.1 162 268 Processing: 385 6096 3438.6 6199 11928 Waiting: 379 6091 3438.5 6194 11923 Total: 449 6264 3476.4 6323 12196 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 6323 66% 8244 75% 9321 80% 9919 90% 11119 95% 11720 98% 12076 99% 12196 100% 12196 (longest request)

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• Autologin 2 Windows users OR Login another user from the desktop

  - by fpdragon

  I'm using two windows users on my HTPC at the same time. One is just for watching videos and one for administration via remote. This setup is quite ideal for me since windows can handle multiple concurrent logins and the win "rdp concurrent hack" (Google). The problem is, I want both users to be logged in automatically when the pc was started. It shall be possible to watch tv and also the admin user shall be automatically logged in to start my scripts and other tasks, even if I haven't logged in via remote desktop manually. Later, when I want to admin my htpc I can just rdp connect the admin user without interrupting the video playback on the actual HTPC's screen and check my cleanup tasks, downloads, ... witch already executed for this admin user. But right now I found no solution to automatically login user A from a user B desktop and I also found no solution to autologin both users immediately at startup. As a workaround I have to fire up my other notebook machine and login one time with the remote user via rdp. From this time on the remote admin user is running concurrent with the main user in the background of the machine. The other workaround would be... after startup switch user from main user to admin user and then back again. But that also requires manual steps. I'm on a Windows 8 System right now but all infos for Win7 or XP would be also interesting. thanks a lot for all ideas. PS: just to prevent useless posts... don't tell me that only one user can be logged in to windows. ;)

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• Remote Desktop Services Licensing - Does server have to have a RDS role?

  - by transistor1

  I recently set up a "micro" size Windows 2008 Datacenter server on Amazon AWS. My small group needs several concurrent RDS users to be able to access the machine. Without installing the "Remote Desktop Server" role, it allows 2 concurrent connections. I read on MS' website that in order to set up multiple users, we needed to install the RDS role. I did so, but now the application we are trying to share is running much slower than it was before. Prior to the role installation, it was taking about 5 seconds to open; now it is taking a few minutes to open -- without any other users logged on except me. My assumption is that the RDS role may be too much for this micro instance to handle, and currently, changing to another size instance is not an option (it may be possible later if we were to receive enough funding). This leads me to the following questions: 1) Is it a sensible assessment to assume that it is the RDS role is slowing things down, or are there other things that I could look at to speed it up? We are talking about a machine with ~600MB of memory. 2) If I revert back to the pre-RDS role, is there any legitimate way (in terms of purchasing RDS licenses) to get more than 2 concurrent desktops? I did read this, and am not questioning that the answerer is knowlegeable; but someone else may have some other experience. I am also making it clear that we want to do this in a legitimate way. Thanks in advance for any assistance that can be provided! EDIT: if it is helpful in answering the question, the application in question is a Lotus Approach database. Also, I am asking this from a technical perspective: not a legal one. I want to know if it is possible to install valid licenses without the RDS role.

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• GooglePlayServicesNotAvailable: GooglePlayServices not available due to error 1

  - by Mathias Lin

  I'm on Galaxy S III with Android 4.0.4, Google Play installed. In my app I try to get a token from the Google Play services, as described on https://developers.google.com/android/google-play-services/authentication. Since it's all quite new (the Google pages were last updated this week), there's not much documentation to be found, especially about each specific error code. final String token = GoogleAuthUtil.getToken(this, "[email protected]", "scope"); gives me an exception: 09-30 11:24:36.075: ERROR/GoogleAuthUtil(11984): GooglePlayServices not available due to error 1 09-30 11:24:36.105: ERROR/AuthTokenCheck_(11984): Error 1 com.google.android.gms.auth.GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityException: GooglePlayServicesNotAvailable at com.google.android.gms.auth.GoogleAuthUtil.f(Unknown Source) at com.google.android.gms.auth.GoogleAuthUtil.getToken(Unknown Source) at com.google.android.gms.auth.GoogleAuthUtil.getToken(Unknown Source) at mobi.app.activity.AuthTokenCheck.getAndUseAuthTokenBlocking(AuthTokenCheck.java:148) at mobi.app.activity.AuthTokenCheck$1.doInBackground(AuthTokenCheck.java:61) at android.os.AsyncTask$2.call(AsyncTask.java:264) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:305) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:137) at android.os.AsyncTask$SerialExecutor$1.run(AsyncTask.java:208) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1076) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:569) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:856) https://developers.google.com/android/google-play-services/reference/com/google/android/gms/auth/package-summary tells me: GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityExceptions are special instances of UserRecoverableAuthExceptions which are thrown when the expected Google Play services app is not available for some reason. But what exactly does that mean? And how to resolve it? I've added the Google Play services extras in my SDK and the jar to my project, marked as 'exported'. I'm also wondering what the "Google Play services app" exactly is. Unfortunately it's all not very clearly described at https://developers.google.com/android/google-play-services/. The Google Play services component is delivered as an APK through the Google Play Store, so updates to Google Play services are not dependent on carrier or OEM system image updates. Newer devices will also have Google Play services as part of the device's system image, but updates are still pushed to these newer devices through the Google Play Store. Isn't "Google Play services" app the same as the "Google Play" app? Another question I have, due to lack of documentation: what is the scope parameter for? The documentation just says the following, but not defining what an 'authentication scope' exactly is: scope String representing the authentication scope.

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• C# convert an IOrderedEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, int>> into a Dictionary<string, int>

  - by Kache4

  I was following the answer to another question, and I got: // itemCounter is a Dictionary<string, int>, and I only want to keep // key/value pairs with the top maxAllowed values if (itemCounter.Count > maxAllowed) { IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, int>> sortedDict = from entry in itemCounter orderby entry.Value descending select entry; sortedDict = sortedDict.Take(maxAllowed); itemCounter = sortedDict.ToDictionary<string, int>(/* what do I do here? */); } Visual Studio's asking for a parameter Func<string, int> keySelector. I tried following a few semi-relevant examples I've found online and put in k => k.Key, but that gives a compiler error: 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<string,int>>' does not contain a definition for 'ToDictionary' and the best extension method overload 'System.Linq.Enumerable.ToDictionary<TSource,TKey>(System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource>, System.Func<TSource,TKey>)' has some invalid arguments

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• Strange Play Framework 2.2 exceptions after trying to add MySQL / slick

  - by Mike Cialowicz

  I'm working on a Play 2.2 application, and things have gone a bit south on me since I've tried adding my DB layer. Below are my build.sbt dependencies. As you can see I use mysql-connector-java and play-slick: libraryDependencies ++= Seq( jdbc, anorm, cache, "joda-time" % "joda-time" % "2.3", "mysql" % "mysql-connector-java" % "5.1.26", "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-slick" % "0.5.0.8", "com.aetrion.flickr" % "flickrapi" % "1.1" ) My application.conf has some similarly simple DB stuff in it: db.default.url="jdbc:mysql://localhost/myDb" db.default.driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" db.default.user="root" db.default.pass="" This is what it looks like when my Play server starts: [info] play - Listening for HTTP on /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:9000 (Server started, use Ctrl+D to stop and go back to the console...) [info] Compiling 1 Scala source to C:\bbq\cats\in\space [info] play - database [default] connected at jdbc:mysql://localhost/myDb [info] play - Application started (Dev) So, it appears that Play can connect to the MySQL DB just fine (I think). However, I get this exception when I make any request to my server: [error] p.nettyException - Exception caught in Netty java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: akka.actor.ActorSystem.dispatcher()Lscala/concurren t/ExecutionContext; at play.core.Invoker$.<init>(Invoker.scala:24) ~[play_2.10.jar:2.2.0] at play.core.Invoker$.<clinit>(Invoker.scala) ~[play_2.10.jar:2.2.0] at play.api.libs.concurrent.Execution$Implicits$.defaultContext$lzycompu te(Execution.scala:7) ~[play_2.10.jar:2.2.0] at play.api.libs.concurrent.Execution$Implicits$.defaultContext(Executio n.scala:6) ~[play_2.10.jar:2.2.0] at play.api.libs.concurrent.Execution$.<init>(Execution.scala:10) ~[play _2.10.jar:2.2.0] at play.api.libs.concurrent.Execution$.<clinit>(Execution.scala) ~[play_ 2.10.jar:2.2.0] The odd thing is that the 2nd request (to the exact same URL, same controller, no changes) comes back with a different error: [error] p.nettyException - Exception caught in Netty java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class play.api.libs.concurr ent.Execution$ at play.core.server.netty.PlayDefaultUpstreamHandler.handleAction$1(Play DefaultUpstreamHandler.scala:194) ~[play_2.10.jar:2.2.0] at play.core.server.netty.PlayDefaultUpstreamHandler.messageReceived(Pla yDefaultUpstreamHandler.scala:169) ~[play_2.10.jar:2.2.0] at com.typesafe.netty.http.pipelining.HttpPipeliningHandler.messageRecei ved(HttpPipeliningHandler.java:62) ~[netty-http-pipelining.jar:na] at org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContentDecoder.messageReceived (HttpContentDecoder.java:108) ~[netty-3.6.5.Final.jar:na] at org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels.fireMessageReceived(Channels.java:29 6) ~[netty-3.6.5.Final.jar:na] at org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.FrameDecoder.unfoldAndFireMessage Received(FrameDecoder.java:459) ~[netty-3.6.5.Final.jar:na] The URL / controller that I'm requesting just renders a static web page and doesn't do anything of any significance. It was working just fine before I started adding my DB layer. I'm rather stuck. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks. I'm using Scala 2.10.2, Play 2.2.0, and MySQL Server 5.6.14.0 (community edition).

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• LIST<> AddRange throwing ArgumentException

  - by Tim

  Hi all, I have a particular method that is occasionally crashing with an ArgumentException: Destination array was not long enough. Check destIndex and length, and the array's lower bounds.: at System.Array.Copy(Array sourceArray, Int32 sourceIndex, Array destinationArray, Int32 destinationIndex, Int32 length, Boolean reliable) at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.CopyTo(T[] array, Int32 arrayIndex) at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.InsertRange(Int32 index, IEnumerable`1 collection) at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.AddRange(IEnumerable`1 collection) The code that is causing this crash looks something like this: List<MyType> objects = new List<MyType>(100); objects = FindObjects(someParam); objects.AddRange(FindObjects(someOtherParam); According to MSDN, List<.AddRange() should automatically resize itself as needed: If the new Count (the current Count plus the size of the collection) will be greater than Capacity, the capacity of the List<(Of <(T)) is increased by automatically reallocating the internal array to accommodate the new elements, and the existing elements are copied to the new array before the new elements are added. Can someone think of a circumstance in which AddRange could throw this type of exception?

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