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• How to count the number of right children in a binary tree?

  - by flopex

  How to count the number of right children in a binary tree? This means that I only want the children marked as right. Ex. (Left | Right) F(Root) G | H T U | I J The right children would be U,H,and J. What would be the algorithm to find these.

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• Will my LinqToSql execution be deffered if i filter with IEnumerable<T> instead of IQueryable<T>?

  - by cottsak

  I have been using these common EntityObjectFilters as a "pipes and filters" way to query from a collection a particular item with an ID: public static class EntityObjectFilters { public static T WithID<T>(this IQueryable<T> qry, int ID) where T : IEntityObject { return qry.SingleOrDefault<T>(item => item.ID == ID); } public static T WithID<T>(this IList<T> list, int ID) where T : IEntityObject { return list.SingleOrDefault<T>(item => item.ID == ID); } } ..but i wondered to myself: "can i make this simpler by just creating an extension for all IEnumerable<T> types"? So i came up with this: public static class EntityObjectFilters { public static T WithID<T>(this IEnumerable<T> qry, int ID) where T : IEntityObject { return qry.SingleOrDefault<T>(item => item.ID == ID); } } Now while this appears to yield the same result, i want to know that when applied to IQueryable<T>s will the expression tree be passed to LinqToSql for evaluating as SQL code or will my qry be evaluated in it's entirety first, then iterated with Funcs? I'm suspecting that (as per Richard's answer) the latter will be true which is obviously what i don't want. I want the same result, but the added benefit of the delayed SQL execution for IQueryable<T>s. Can someone confirm for me what will actually happen and provide simple explanation as to how it would work?

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• Skip Lists -- ever used them?

  - by Head Geek

  I'm wondering whether anyone here has ever used a skip list. It looks to have roughly the same advantages as a balanced binary tree, but is simpler to implement. If you have, did you write your own, or use a pre-written library (and if so, what was its name)?

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• How to check the type of a Parameter in an Expression Tree (similar to 'is' keyword)

  - by Callum Rogers

  How do I check the type of a Parameter in an Expression Tree (and get the Expression Tree equivalent of a bool if it the right type)? If it were normal code, I would do this: if(myObj is int) I see there is a Expression.Convert method but this converts the object instead of just checking its type. EDIT: I found the answer, you use a Expression.TypeIs

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• How to get the size of a binary tree ?

  - by Andrei Ciobanu

  I have a very simple binary tree structure, something like: struct nmbintree_s { unsigned int size; int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); void (*destructor)(void *data); nmbintree_node *root; }; struct nmbintree_node_s { void *data; struct nmbintree_node_s *right; struct nmbintree_node_s *left; }; Sometimes i need to extract a 'tree' from another and i need to get the size to the 'extracted tree' in order to update the size of the initial 'tree' . I was thinking on two approaches: 1) Using a recursive function, something like: unsigned int nmbintree_size(struct nmbintree_node* node) { if (node==NULL) { return(0); } return( nmbintree_size(node->left) + nmbintree_size(node->right) + 1 ); } 2) A preorder / inorder / postorder traversal done in an iterative way (using stack / queue) + counting the nodes. What approach do you think is more 'memory failure proof' / performant ? Any other suggestions / tips ? NOTE: I am probably going to use this implementation in the future for small projects of mine. So I don't want to unexpectedly fail :).

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• How do I remove the leaves of a binary tree?

  - by flopex

  I'm trying to remove all of the leaves. I know that leaves have no children, this is what I have so far. public void removeLeaves(BinaryTree n){ if (n.left == null && n.right == null){ n = null; } if (n.left != null) removeLeaves(n.left); if (n.right != null) removeLeaves(n.right); }

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• Right rotate of tree in Haskell: how is it work?

  - by Roman

  I don't know haskell syntax, but I know some FP concepts (like algebraic data types, pattern matching, higher-order functions ect). Can someone explain please, what does this code mean: data Tree ? = Leaf ? | Fork ? (Tree ?) (Tree ?) rotateR tree = case tree of Fork q (Fork p a b) c -> Fork p a (Fork q b c) As I understand, first line is something like Tree-type declaration (but I don't understand it exactly). Second line includes pattern matching (I don't understand as well why do we need to use pattern matching here). And third line does something absolutely unreadable for non-haskell developer. I've found definition of Fork as fork (f,g) x = (f x, g x) but I can't move further anymore.

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• In-order tree traversal

  - by Chris S

  I have the following text from an academic course I took a while ago about in-order traversal (they also call it pancaking) of a binary tree (not BST): In-order tree traversal Draw a line around the outside of the tree. Start to the left of the root, and go around the outside of the tree, to end up to the right of the root. Stay as close to the tree as possible, but do not cross the tree. (Think of the tree — its branches and nodes — as a solid barrier.) The order of the nodes is the order in which this line passes underneath them. If you are unsure as to when you go “underneath” a node, remember that a node “to the left” always comes first. Here's the example used (slightly different tree from below) However when I do a search on google, I get a conflicting definition. For example the wikipedia example: Inorder traversal sequence: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I (leftchild,rootnode,right node) But according to (my understanding of) definition #1, this should be A, B, D, C, E, F, G, I, H Can anyone clarify which definition is correct? They might be both describing different traversal methods, but happen to be using the same name. I'm having trouble believing the peer-reviewed academic text is wrong, but can't be certain.

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• Why is TreeSet<T> an internal type in .NET?

  - by Justin Niessner

  So, I was just digging around Reflector trying to find the implementation details of HashSet (out of sheer curiosity based on the answer to another question here) and noticed the following: internal class TreeSet<T> : ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback Without looking too deep into the details, it looks like a Self-Balancing Binary Search Tree. My question is, is there anybody out there with the insight as to why this class is internal? Is it simply because the other collection types use it internally and hide the complexities of a BST from the general masses...or am I way off base?

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• Chess board position numbers in 6-rooted-binary tree?

  - by HH

  The maximum number of adjacent vertices is 6 that corresponds to the number of roots. By the term root, I mean the number of children for each node. If adjacent square is empty, fill it with Z-node. So every square will have 6 nodes. How can you formulate it with binary tree? Is the structure just 6-rooted-binary tree? What is the structure called if nodes change their positions? Suppose partially ordered list where its units store a large randomly expanding board. I want a self-adjusting data structure, where it is easy to calculate distances between nodes. What is its name?

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• Convert a post-order binary tree traversal index to an level-order (breadth-first) index

  - by strfry

  Assuming a complete binary tree, each node can be adressed with the position it appears in a given tree traversal algorithm. For example, the node indices of a simple complete tree with height 3 would look like this: breadth first (aka level-order): 0 / \ 1 2 / \ / \ 3 4 5 6 post-order dept first: 6 / \ 2 5 / \ / \ 0 1 3 4 The height of the tree and an index in the post-order traversal is given. How can i calculate the breadth first index from this information?

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• Balanced Search Tree Query, Asymtotic Analysis..

  - by AGeek

  Hi, The situation is as follows:- We have n number and we have print them in sorted order. We have access to balanced dictionary data structure, which supports the operations serach, insert, delete, minimum, maximum each in O(log n) time. We want to retrieve the numbers in sorted order in O(n log n) time using only the insert and in-order traversal. The answer to this is:- Sort() initialize(t) while(not EOF) read(x) insert(x,t); Traverse(t); Now the query is if we read the elements in time "n" and then traverse the elements in "log n"(in-order traversal) time,, then the total time for this algorithm (n+logn)time, according to me.. Please explain the follow up of this algorithm for the time calculation.. How it will sort the list in O(nlogn) time?? Thanks.

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• C# expression tree for ordinary code

  - by rwallace

  It's possible to create an expression tree, if you declare it as such. But is it possible to get an expression tree for an ordinary chunk of code such as a method or property getter? What I'm trying to do is, let's say for an order processing system, I have a class for order items: class Item : Entity { [Cascade] public Document document { get; set; } public int line { get; set; } public Product product { get; set; } public string description { get; set; } public decimal qty { get; set; } public decimal price { get; set; } public decimal net { get { return qty * price; } } public VatCode vat_code { get; set; } } where the net value equals qty * price, so I'd like to declare it as such, either with a property or method, and then also have the framework introspect that expression so it can generate appropriate SQL for defining a corresponding calculated column in a corresponding database view. The most obvious way to do this would be to get the expression tree for a property getter or a method, but I can't find any indication how to do this, or that it is possible. (I have found a way to get a method body as a byte stream, but that's not what's desired here.) If that isn't possible, I suppose the recommended solution would be to declare something like a static field that is an expression tree, and compile/run it at run time for internal use, and also introspect as normal for SQL generation?

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• How can I find the common ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree?

  - by Siddhant

  The Binary Tree here is not a Binary Search Tree. Its just a Binary Tree. The structure could be taken as - struct node { int data; struct node *left; struct node *right; }; The maximum solution I could work out with a friend was something of this sort - Consider this binary tree (from http://lcm.csa.iisc.ernet.in/dsa/node87.html) : The inorder traversal yields - 8, 4, 9, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 7 And the postorder traversal yields - 8, 9, 4, 5, 2, 6, 7, 3, 1 So for instance, if we want to find the common ancestor of nodes 8 and 5, then we make a list of all the nodes which are between 8 and 5 in the inorder tree traversal, which in this case happens to be [4, 9, 2]. Then we check which node in this list appears last in the postorder traversal, which is 2. Hence the common ancestor for 8 and 5 is 2. The complexity for this algorithm, I believe is O(n) (O(n) for inorder/postorder traversals, the rest of the steps again being O(n) since they are nothing more than simple iterations in arrays). But there is a strong chance that this is wrong. :-) But this is a very crude approach, and I'm not sure if it breaks down for some case. Is there any other (possibly more optimal) solution to this problem?

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• Delete an object from a tree

  - by mqpasta

  I have a Find function in order to find an element from a BST private Node Find(ref Node n, int e) { if (n == null) return null; if (n.Element == e) return n; if (e > n.Element) return Find(ref n.Right, e); else return Find(ref n.Left, e); } and I use following code in order to get a node and then set this node to null. Node x = bsTree.Find(1); x = null; bsTree.Print(); supposedly, this node should be deleted from Tree as it is set to null but it still exists in tree. I had done this before but this time missing something and no idea what.

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• Tree iterator, can you optimize this any further?

  - by Ron

  As a follow up to my original question about a small piece of this code I decided to ask a follow up to see if you can do better then what we came up with so far. The code below iterates over a binary tree (left/right = child/next ). I do believe there is room for one less conditional in here (the down boolean). The fastest answer wins! The cnt statement can be multiple statements so lets make sure this appears only once The child() and next() member functions are about 30x as slow as the hasChild() and hasNext() operations. Keep it iterative <-- dropped this requirement as the recursive solution presented was faster. This is C++ code visit order of the nodes must stay as they are in the example below. ( hit parents first then the children then the 'next' nodes). BaseNodePtr is a boost::shared_ptr as thus assignments are slow, avoid any temporary BaseNodePtr variables. Currently this code takes 5897ms to visit 62200000 nodes in a test tree, calling this function 200,000 times. void processTree (BaseNodePtr current, unsigned int & cnt ) { bool down = true; while ( true ) { if ( down ) { while (true) { cnt++; // this can/will be multiple statesments if (!current->hasChild()) break; current = current->child(); } } if ( current->hasNext() ) { down = true; current = current->next(); } else { down = false; current = current->parent(); if (!current) return; // done. } } }

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• Is there an algorithm for finding an item that matches certain properties, like a 20 questions game?

  - by lala

  A question about 20 questions games was asked here: However, if I'm understanding it correctly, the answers seem to assume that each question will go down a hierarchal branching tree. A binary tree should work if the game went like this: Is it an animal? Yes. Is it a mammal? Yes. Is it a feline? Yes. Because feline is an example of a mammal and mammal is an example of an animal. But what if the questions go like this? Is it a mammal? Yes. Is it a predator? Yes. Does it have a long nose? No. You can't branch down a tree with those kinds of questions, because there are plenty of predators that aren't mammals. So you can't have your program just narrow it down to mammal and have predators be a subset of mammals. So is there a way to use a binary search tree that I'm not understanding or is there a different algorithm for this problem?

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• Finding the index of a given value in a pre-sorted array

  - by bobo

  Today, I went for an interview and the interviewer asked me how I would find the index of a given value (number) in a pre-sorted array like this: $preSortedArr=array(23,32,36,41,45,54); He also said that using recursion is not allowed. I think the function should look like this: function findIndexByValue($preSortedArray,$value){ //some codes here } What solution do you think he was expecting from me? EDIT: sorry, I forgot to add that, he originally asked me to write psuedo codes but I said I don't know. I tried to write in PHP, but I think he's expecting a language-independent solution.

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• How do I add an object to a binary tree based on the value of a member variable?

  - by Max

  How can I get a specific value from an object? I'm trying to get a value of an instance for eg. ListOfPpl newListOfPpl = new ListOfPpl(id, name, age); Object item = newListOfPpl; How can I get a value of name from an Object item?? Even if it is easy or does not interest you can anyone help me?? Edited: I was trying to build a binary tree contains the node of ListOfPpl, and need to sort it in the lexicographic. Here's my code for insertion on the node. Any clue?? public void insert(Object item){ Node current = root; Node follow = null; if(!isEmpty()){ root = new Node(item, null, null); return; }boolean left = false, right = false; while(current != null){ follow = current; left = false; right = false; //I need to compare and sort it if(item.compareTo(current.getFighter()) < 0){ current = current.getLeft(); left = true; }else { current = current.getRight(); right = true; } }if(left) follow.setLeft(new Node(item, null, null)); else follow.setRight(new Node(item, null, null)); }

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• How to reflect over T to build an expression tree for a query?

  - by Alex

  Hi all, I'm trying to build a generic class to work with entities from EF. This class talks to repositories, but it's this class that creates the expressions sent to the repositories. Anyway, I'm just trying to implement one virtual method that will act as a base for common querying. Specifically, it will accept a an int and it only needs to perform a query over the primary key of the entity in question. I've been screwing around with it and I've built a reflection which may or may not work. I say that because I get a NotSupportedException with a message of LINQ to Entities does not recognize the method 'System.Object GetValue(System.Object, System.Object[])' method, and this method cannot be translated into a store expression. So then I tried another approach and it produced the same exception but with the error of The LINQ expression node type 'ArrayIndex' is not supported in LINQ to Entities. I know it's because EF will not parse the expression the way L2S will. Anyway, I'm hopping someone with a bit more experience can point me into the right direction on this. I'm posting the entire class with both attempts I've made. public class Provider<T> where T : class { protected readonly Repository<T> Repository = null; private readonly string TEntityName = typeof(T).Name; [Inject] public Provider( Repository<T> Repository) { this.Repository = Repository; } public virtual void Add( T TEntity) { this.Repository.Insert(TEntity); } public virtual T Get( int PrimaryKey) { // The LINQ expression node type 'ArrayIndex' is not supported in // LINQ to Entities. return this.Repository.Select( t => (((int)(t as EntityObject).EntityKey.EntityKeyValues[0].Value) == PrimaryKey)).Single(); // LINQ to Entities does not recognize the method // 'System.Object GetValue(System.Object, System.Object[])' method, // and this method cannot be translated into a store expression. return this.Repository.Select( t => (((int)t.GetType().GetProperties().Single( p => (p.Name == (this.TEntityName + "Id"))).GetValue(t, null)) == PrimaryKey)).Single(); } public virtual IList<T> GetAll() { return this.Repository.Select().ToList(); } protected virtual void Save() { this.Repository.Update(); } }

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• Best tree/heap data structure for fixed set of nodes with changing values + need top 20 values?

  - by user350139

  I'm writing something like a game in C++ where I have a database table containing the current score for each user. I want to read that table into memory at the start of the game, quickly change each user's score while the game is being played in response to what each user does, and then when the game ends write the current scores back to the database. I also want to be able to find the 20 or so users with the highest scores. No users will be added or deleted during the short period when the game is being played. I haven't tried it yet, but updating the database might take too much time during the period when the game is being played. Fixed set of users (might be 10,000 to 50,000 users) Will map user IDs to their score and other user-specific information. User IDs will be auto_increment values. If the structure has a high memory overhead that's probably not an issue. If the program crashes during gameplay it can just be re-started. Quickly get a user's current score. Quickly add to a user's current score (and return their current score) Quickly get 20 users with highest score. No deletes. No inserts except when the structure is first created, and how long that takes isn't critical. Getting the top 20 users will only happen every five or ten seconds, but getting/adding will happen much more frequently. If not for the last, I could just create a memory block equal to sizeof(user) * max(user id) and put each user at user id * sizeof(user) for fast access. Should I do that plus some other structure for the Top 20 feature, or is there one structure that will handle all of this together?

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• LINQ Expression help with Func TEntity,TType

  - by Chris Conway

  I have a repository method that accepts an order by parameter in the form: public IEnumerable<TEntity> Get<TEntity>(Expression<Func<TEntity,string>> orderBy) Now that works fine when trying to sort by a property of type string, var entities = rep.Get(x => x.Name); but what if i want to sort by double or int or any other type. Doing something like var entities = rep.Get(x => x.Price); obviously throws a compile error saying I can't convert double to string. How can I make this more generic so I can sort by any property in my entity, or at least the properties where the type implements IComparable or something similar?

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• binary tree number of nodes with a given level

  - by sadatwins

  i need to write a program that counts the number of nodes from a certain level given in binary tree i mean < numberofnodes(int level){} i tried writing it without any success because i don't how to get to a certain level then go to count number of nodes

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• Haskell Binary Tree Function (map)

  - by Bizarro

  How can i define a Haskell function which will apply a function to every value in a binary tree? So i know that it is similar to the map function - and that its type would be: mapT :: (a - b) - Tree a - Tree b but thats about it...

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• Create an Action<T> to "set" a property, when I am provided with the LINQ Expression for the "get"

  - by Alex

  I'd like to be able to generate a compiled expression to set a property, given the lambda expression that provides the "get" method for a property. Here's what I'm looking for: public Action<int> CreateSetter<T>(Expression<Func<T, int>> getter) { // returns a compiled action using the details of the getter expression tree, or null // if the write property is not defined. } I'm still trying to understand the various types of Expression classes, so if you can point me in the right direction that would be great.

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