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  • FIFO dequeueing in python?

    - by Aaron Ramsey
    hello again everybody— I'm looking to make a functional (not necessarily optimally efficient, as I'm very new to programming) FIFO queue, and am having trouble with my dequeueing. My code looks like this: class QueueNode: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data self.next = None def __str__(self): return str(self.data) class Queue: def__init__(self): self.front = None self.rear = None self.size = 0 def enqueue(self, item) newnode = QueueNode(item) newnode.next = None if self.size == 0: self.front = self.rear = newnode else: self.rear = newnode self.rear.next = newnode.next self.size = self.size+1 def dequeue(self) dequeued = self.front.data del self.front self.size = self.size-1 if self.size == 0: self.rear = None print self.front #for testing if I do this, and dequeue an item, I get the error "AttributeError: Queue instance has no attribute 'front'." I guess my function doesn't properly assign the new front of the queue? I'm not sure how to fix it though. I don't really want to start from scratch, so if there's a tweak to my code that would work, I'd prefer that—I'm not trying to minimize runtime so much as just get a feel for classes and things of that nature. Thanks in advance for any help, you guys are the best.

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  • Python beginer having trouble running code

    - by Protean
    For some reason this code will not seem to run in the interpreter. When I hit F5 nothing happens, not even the debugger seems to recognize it. I assume it has something to do with the class, as when removed the interpreter seems to recognize the rest of the code. Please tell me what I am doing wrong. Edit: I have restarted the interpreter multiple times, any other piece of code I try to load runs fine, just this one is having trouble. print ('Why won't this work?') class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] self.globali = 0 self.orderi = 0 self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self, array): carry, leave = [] for arrayi in array: print ('run', arrayi) if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: leave.append(arrayi) return carry, leave def srt(self, array): globalii = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(array) while len(self.sortedlist) != len(array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(carry) arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(arrayt) elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort(arrayt) else: self.arrayt globalii += 1 self.orderi = globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort(arrayt) self.orderi = 0 else: arrayt = carry carry = [] self.globali += 1 carry, leave += my.sort(arrayt) my = sorting_class() x = ['ac', 'bc' ,'ab', 'da'] my.srt(x)

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  • Why does my buffered GraphicsContext application have a flickering problem?

    - by Bibendum
    import wx class MainFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent,title): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title=title, size=(640,480)) self.mainPanel=DoubleBufferTest(self,-1) self.Show(True) class DoubleBufferTest(wx.Panel): def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1): wx.Panel.__init__(self,parent,id,style=wx.FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE) self.SetBackgroundColour("#FFFFFF") self.timer = wx.Timer(self) self.timer.Start(100) self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.update, self.timer) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self.onPaint) def onPaint(self,event): event.Skip() dc = wx.MemoryDC() dc.SelectObject(wx.EmptyBitmap(640, 480)) gc = wx.GraphicsContext.Create(dc) gc.PushState() gc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("#CFCFCF")) bgRect=gc.CreatePath() bgRect.AddRectangle(0,0,640,480) gc.FillPath(bgRect) gc.PopState() dc2=wx.PaintDC(self) dc2.Blit(0,0,640,480,dc,0,0) def update(self,event): self.Refresh() app = wx.App(False) f=MainFrame(None,"Test") app.MainLoop() I've come up with this code to draw double buffered GraphicsContext content onto a panel, but there's a constant flickering across the window. I've tried different kinds of paths, like lines and curves but it's still there and I don't know what's causing it.

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  • How to repeatedly show a Dialog with PyGTK / Gtkbuilder?

    - by Julian
    I have created a PyGTK application that shows a Dialog when the user presses a button. The dialog is loaded in my __init__ method with: builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file("filename") builder.connect_signals(self) self.myDialog = builder.get_object("dialog_name") In the event handler, the dialog is shown with the command self.myDialog.run(), but this only works once, because after run() the dialog is automatically destroyed. If I click the button a second time, the application crashes. I read that there is a way to use show() instead of run() where the dialog is not destroyed, but I feel like this is not the right way for me because I would like the dialog to behave modally and to return control to the code only after the user has closed it. Is there a simple way to repeatedly show a dialog using the run() method using gtkbuilder? I tried reloading the whole dialog using the gtkbuilder, but that did not really seem to work, the dialog was missing all child elements (and I would prefer to have to use the builder only once, at the beginning of the program). [SOLUTION] As pointed out by the answer below, using hide() does the trick. But one has to take care that the dialog is in fact destroyed if one does not catch its "delete-event". A simple example that works is: import pygtk import gtk class DialogTest: def rundialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.show_all() result = self.dia.run() def destroy(self, widget, data=None): gtk.main_quit() def closedialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.hide() return True def __init__(self): self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) self.window.connect("destroy", self.destroy) self.dia = gtk.Dialog('TEST DIALOG', self.window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL | gtk.DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT) self.dia.vbox.pack_start(gtk.Label('This is just a Test')) self.dia.connect("delete-event", self.closedialog) self.button = gtk.Button("Run Dialog") self.button.connect("clicked", self.rundialog, None) self.window.add(self.button) self.button.show() self.window.show() if __name__ == "__main__": testApp = DialogTest() gtk.main()

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  • Which class should store the lookup table?

    - by max
    The world contains agents at different locations, with only a single agent at any location. Each agent knows where he's at, but I also need to quickly check if there's an agent at a given location. Hence, I also maintain a map from locations to agents. I have a problem deciding where this map belongs to: class World, class Agent (as a class attribute) or elsewhere. In the following I put the lookup table, agent_locations, in class World. But now agents have to call world.update_agent_location every time they move. This is very annoying; what if I decide later to track other things about the agents, apart from their locations - would I need to add calls back to the world object all across the Agent code? class World: def __init__(self, n_agents): # ... self.agents = {} self.agent_locations = {} for id in range(n_agents): x, y = self.find_location() agent = Agent(self,x,y) self.agents.append(agent) self.agent_locations[x,y] = agent def update_agent_location(self, agent, x, y): del self.agent_locations[agent.x, agent.y] self.agent_locations[x, y] = agent def update(self): # next step in the simulation for agent in self.agents: agent.update() # next step for this agent # ... class Agent: def __init__(self, world, x, y): self.world = world self.x, self.y = x, y def move(self, x1, y1): self.world.update_agent_location(self, x1, y1) self.x, self.y = x1, y1 def update(): # find a good location that is not occupied and move there for x, y in self.valid_locations(): if not self.location_is_good(x, y): continue if self.world.agent_locations[x, y]: # location occupied continue self.move(x, y) I can instead put agent_locations in class Agent as a class attribute. But that only works when I have a single World object. If I later decide to instantiate multiple World objects, the lookup tables would need to be world-specific. I am sure there's a better solution... EDIT: I added a few lines to the code to show how agent_locations is used. Note that it's only used from inside Agent objects, but I don't know if that would remain the case forever.

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  • Problem inserting Pygames on a wxPython panel using Boa Constructor

    - by Kohwalter
    Hello, im new in Python so im hoping to to get some help to figure out what is going wrong. Im trying to run a Pygames from within wxPython panel (made on Boa Constructor). To do that i followed the instructions on the http://wiki.wxpython.org/IntegratingPyGame but still it isn't working. Here is the Panel code that was used to make the integration: class PG_panel(wx.Panel): def __init__(self, ID, name, parent, mypos, mysize): # pygame is imported in this class # make it globally available global pygame #self.Fit() wx.Panel.__init__(self, id=wxID_FRMMAINPANELTABULEIRO, name='panelTabuleiro', parent=self, pos=(16, 96), size=mysize) # pygame uses SDL, set the environment variables os.environ['SDL_WINDOWID'] = str(self.GetHandle()) os.environ['SDL_VIDEODRIVER'] = 'windib' # do the pygame stuff after setting the environment variables import pygame pygame.display.init() # create the pygame window/screen screen = pygame.display.set_mode(464, 464) #(424,450) # start the thread instance self.thread = PG_thread(screen) self.thread.start() def __del__(self): self.thread.stop() And im trying to use that panel on an interface from Boa Constructor, here is the code: class frmMain(wx.Frame): def _init_ctrls(self, prnt): # generated method, don't edit wx.Frame.__init__(self, id=wxID_FRMMAIN, name='frmMain', parent=prnt, pos=wx.Point(660, 239), size=wx.Size(815, 661), style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE, title='Grupo 1 - Jogo de Damas') self._init_utils() self.SetClientSize(wx.Size(799, 623)) self.SetBackgroundColour(wx.Colour(225, 225, 225)) self.SetMinSize(wx.Size(784, 650)) self.Center(wx.BOTH) self.SetMenuBar(self.menuBar1) #here begins my code mysize = (464, 464) mypos = (16, 96) self.panelTabuleiro = PG_panel(wxID_FRMMAINPANELTABULEIRO, 'panelTabuleiro', self, mypos, mysize) The original that was auto-made by the Boa Constructor is the following: self.panelTabuleiro = wx.Panel(id=wxID_FRMMAINPANELTABULEIRO, name='panelTabuleiro', parent=self, pos=wx.Point(16, 96), size=wx.Size(464, 464), style=wx.TAB_TRAVERSAL) self.panelTabuleiro.SetBackgroundColour(wx.Colour(232, 249, 240)) self.panelTabuleiro.SetThemeEnabled(True) self.panelTabuleiro.SetHelpText('Tabuleiro') The error that it gives is: Type error: in method 'new_Panel', expected argument 1 of type 'wxWindow*1 Exception AttributeError: "'PG_panel' object has no attribute 'thread' in ignored Any thoughts ? I appreciate any help. Thank you.

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  • how to use listctrl in notebook wxPython

    - by ???
    I have one question.. wxPython listctrl in notebook I created 2 tab use notebook. I added button in first tab and added Listctrl in second tab. If i click the button, Add value in Listctrl to second tab. how to solve this problem? import wx class PageOne(wx.Panel): def __init__(self, parent): wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent) self.query_find_btn = wx.Button(self, 4, "BTN", (40,40)) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.AddList, id = 4) def AddList(self, evt): self.list1.InsertStringItem(0,'Hello') class PageTwo(wx.Panel): def __init__(self, parent): wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent) self.list1 = wx.ListCtrl(self,-1,wx.Point(0,0),wx.Size(400,400),style=wx.LC_REPORT | wx.SUNKEN_BORDER) self.list1.InsertColumn(0,'values') class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, id, title): wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,size=(400,400),pos=wx.Point(100,100), style=wx.SYSTEM_MENU |wx.CAPTION ) p = wx.Panel(self) nb = wx.Notebook(p) MainFrame = PageOne(nb) SecondFrame = PageTwo(nb) nb.AddPage(MainFrame, "One") nb.AddPage(SecondFrame, "Two") sizer = wx.BoxSizer() sizer.Add(nb, 1, wx.EXPAND) p.SetSizer(sizer) class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): self.frame=MyFrame(None,-1,'Unknown.py') self.frame.Centre() self.frame.Show() return True if __name__ == '__main__': app = MyApp(False) app.MainLoop()

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  • Can't remove first node in linked list

    - by carlmonday
    I'm trying to make a linked list class in python (pointless I know, but it's a learning exercise), and the method I have written to remove a node doesn't work if I try to remove the first element of the linked list. If the node to be removed is anywhere else in the linked list the method works fine. Can someone give me some insight as to where I've gone wrong? Here's my code thus far: class Node: def __init__(self, data=None, next=None): self.data = data self.next = next def __repr__(self): return repr(self.data) def printNodes(self): while self: print self.data self = self.next def removeNode(self, datum): """removes node from linked list""" if self.data == datum: return self.next while self.next: if self.next.data == datum: self.next = self.next.next return self self = self.next

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  • Self-healing Cloud vs Failover Boxes

    - by IMB
    Now that self-healing cloud servers are becoming more and more popular, I am currently torn between the decision if I should setup a HAproxy failover for my VPS or if should save myself the trouble and just put my sites on a self-healing cloud server. Does it still make sense to setup your own failover system (HAproxy + 2 or more servers for example) when self healing cloud seems like a practical solution? They seem to do the same job or am I missing something?

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  • Self referencing userdata and garbage collection

    - by drtwox
    Because my userdata objects reference themselves, I need to delete and nil a variable for the garbage collector to work. Lua code: obj = object:new() -- -- Some time later obj:delete() -- Removes the self reference obj = nil -- Ready for collection C Code: typedef struct { int self; // Reference to the object // Other members and function references removed } Object; // Called from Lua to create a new object static int object_new( lua_State *L ) { Object *obj = lua_newuserdata( L, sizeof( Object ) ); // Create the 'self' reference, userdata is on the stack top obj->self = luaL_ref( L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX ); // Put the userdata back on the stack before returning lua_rawgeti( L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, obj->self ); // The object pointer is also stored outside of Lua for processing in C return 1; } // Called by Lua to delete an object static int object_delete( lua_State *L ) { Object *obj = lua_touserdata( L, 1 ); // Remove the objects self reference luaL_unref( L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, obj->self ); return 0; } Is there some way I can set the object to nil in Lua, and have the delete() method called automatically? Alternatively, can the delete method nil all variables that reference the object? Can the self reference be made 'weak'?

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  • Changing pointer of self

    - by rob5408
    I have an object that I alloc/init like normal just to get a instance. Later in my application I want to load state from disk for that object. I figure I could unarchive my class (which conforms to NSCoding) and just swap where my instance points to. To this end I use this code... NSString* pathForDataFile = [self pathForDataFile]; if([[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:pathForDataFile] == YES) { NSLog(@"Save file exists"); NSData *data = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:pathForDataFile]; NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data]; [data release]; Person *tempPerson = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"Person"]; [unarchiver finishDecoding]; [unarchiver release]; if (tempPerson) { [self release]; self = [tempPerson retain]; } } Now when I sprinkled some NSLogs throughout my application I noticed self.person: <Person: 0x3d01a10> (After I create the object with alloc/init) self: <Person: 0x3d01a10> (At the start of this method) tempPerson: <Person: 0x3b1b880> (When I create the tempPerson) self: <Person: 0x3b1b880> (after i point self to the location of the tempPerson) self.person: <Person: 0x3d01a10> (After the method back in the main program) What am I missing?

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  • PyML 0.7.2 - How to prevent accuracy from dropping after storing/loading a classifier?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    This is a followup from "Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?". The solution to that question was close, but not quite right, (the SparseDataSet is broken, so attempting to save/load with that dataset container type will fail, no matter what. Also, PyML is inconsistent in terms of whether labels should be numbers or strings... it turns out that the oneAgainstRest function is actually not good enough, because the labels need to be strings and simultaneously convertible to floats, because there are places where it is assumed to be a string and elsewhere converted to float) and so after a great deal of hacking and such I was finally able to figure out a way to save and load my multi-class classifier without it blowing up with an error.... however, although it is no longer giving me an error message, it is still not quite right as the accuracy of the classifier drops significantly when it is saved and then reloaded (so I'm still missing a piece of the puzzle). I am currently using the following custom mutli-class classifier for training, saving, and loading: class SVM(object): def __init__(self,features_or_filename,labels=None,kernel=None): if isinstance(features_or_filename,str): filename=features_or_filename; if labels!=None: raise ValueError,"Labels must be None if loading from a file."; with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"rb") as uniquelabelsfile: self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(pickle.load(uniquelabelsfile)))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; self.classifiers=[]; for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers.append(PyML.classifiers.svm.loadSVM(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm"),datasetClass = PyML.VectorDataSet)); else: features=features_or_filename; if labels==None: raise ValueError,"Labels must not be None when training."; self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(labels))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; points = [[float(xij) for xij in xi] for xi in features]; self.classifiers=[PyML.SVM(kernel) for label in self.uniquelabels]; for i in xrange(len(self.uniquelabels)): currentlabel=self.uniquelabels[i]; currentlabels=['+1' if k==currentlabel else '-1' for k in labels]; currentdataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(points,L=currentlabels,positiveClass='+1'); self.classifiers[i].train(currentdataset,saveSpace=False); def accuracy(self,pts,labels): logger=logging.getLogger("ml"); correct=0; total=0; classindexes=[self.labeltoindex[label] for label in labels]; h=self.hypotheses(pts); for idx in xrange(len(pts)): if h[idx]==classindexes[idx]: logger.info("RIGHT: Actual \"%s\" == Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])); correct+=1; else: logger.info("WRONG: Actual \"%s\" != Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])) total+=1; return float(correct)/float(total); def prediction(self,pt): h=self.hypothesis(pt); if h!=None: return self.uniquelabels[h]; return h; def predictions(self,pts): h=self.hypotheses(self,pts); return [self.uniquelabels[x] if x!=None else None for x in h]; def hypothesis(self,pt): bestvalue=None; bestclass=None; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet([pt]); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,0); if (bestvalue==None) or (val>bestvalue): bestvalue=val; bestclass=classidx; return bestclass; def hypotheses(self,pts): bestvalues=[None for pt in pts]; bestclasses=[None for pt in pts]; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(pts); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): for ptidx in xrange(len(pts)): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,ptidx); if (bestvalues[ptidx]==None) or (val>bestvalues[ptidx]): bestvalues[ptidx]=val; bestclasses[ptidx]=classidx; return bestclasses; def save(self,filename): if not os.path.exists(filename): os.makedirs(filename); with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"wb") as uniquelabelsfile: pickle.dump(self.uniquelabels,uniquelabelsfile,pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL); for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers[classidx].save(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm")); I am using the latest version of PyML (0.7.2, although PyML.__version__ is 0.7.0). When I construct the classifier with a training dataset, the reported accuracy is ~0.87. When I then save it and reload it, the accuracy is less than 0.001. So, there is something here that I am clearly not persisting correctly, although what that may be is completely non-obvious to me. Would you happen to know what that is?

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  • PyML 0.7.2 - How to prevent accuracy from dropping after stroing/loading a classifier?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    This is a followup from "Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?". The solution to that question was close, but not quite right, (the SparseDataSet is broken, so attempting to save/load with that dataset container type will fail, no matter what. Also, PyML is inconsistent in terms of whether labels should be numbers or strings... it turns out that the oneAgainstRest function is actually not good enough, because the labels need to be strings and simultaneously convertible to floats, because there are places where it is assumed to be a string and elsewhere converted to float) and so after a great deal of hacking and such I was finally able to figure out a way to save and load my multi-class classifier without it blowing up with an error.... however, although it is no longer giving me an error message, it is still not quite right as the accuracy of the classifier drops significantly when it is saved and then reloaded (so I'm still missing a piece of the puzzle). I am currently using the following custom mutli-class classifier for training, saving, and loading: class SVM(object): def __init__(self,features_or_filename,labels=None,kernel=None): if isinstance(features_or_filename,str): filename=features_or_filename; if labels!=None: raise ValueError,"Labels must be None if loading from a file."; with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"rb") as uniquelabelsfile: self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(pickle.load(uniquelabelsfile)))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; self.classifiers=[]; for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers.append(PyML.classifiers.svm.loadSVM(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm"),datasetClass = PyML.VectorDataSet)); else: features=features_or_filename; if labels==None: raise ValueError,"Labels must not be None when training."; self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(labels))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; points = [[float(xij) for xij in xi] for xi in features]; self.classifiers=[PyML.SVM(kernel) for label in self.uniquelabels]; for i in xrange(len(self.uniquelabels)): currentlabel=self.uniquelabels[i]; currentlabels=['+1' if k==currentlabel else '-1' for k in labels]; currentdataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(points,L=currentlabels,positiveClass='+1'); self.classifiers[i].train(currentdataset,saveSpace=False); def accuracy(self,pts,labels): logger=logging.getLogger("ml"); correct=0; total=0; classindexes=[self.labeltoindex[label] for label in labels]; h=self.hypotheses(pts); for idx in xrange(len(pts)): if h[idx]==classindexes[idx]: logger.info("RIGHT: Actual \"%s\" == Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])); correct+=1; else: logger.info("WRONG: Actual \"%s\" != Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])) total+=1; return float(correct)/float(total); def prediction(self,pt): h=self.hypothesis(pt); if h!=None: return self.uniquelabels[h]; return h; def predictions(self,pts): h=self.hypotheses(self,pts); return [self.uniquelabels[x] if x!=None else None for x in h]; def hypothesis(self,pt): bestvalue=None; bestclass=None; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet([pt]); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,0); if (bestvalue==None) or (val>bestvalue): bestvalue=val; bestclass=classidx; return bestclass; def hypotheses(self,pts): bestvalues=[None for pt in pts]; bestclasses=[None for pt in pts]; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(pts); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): for ptidx in xrange(len(pts)): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,ptidx); if (bestvalues[ptidx]==None) or (val>bestvalues[ptidx]): bestvalues[ptidx]=val; bestclasses[ptidx]=classidx; return bestclasses; def save(self,filename): if not os.path.exists(filename): os.makedirs(filename); with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"wb") as uniquelabelsfile: pickle.dump(self.uniquelabels,uniquelabelsfile,pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL); for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers[classidx].save(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm")); I am using the latest version of PyML (0.7.2, although PyML.__version__ is 0.7.0). When I construct the classifier with a training dataset, the reported accuracy is ~0.87. When I then save it and reload it, the accuracy is less than 0.001. So, there is something here that I am clearly not persisting correctly, although what that may be is completely non-obvious to me. Would you happen to know what that is?

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  • How do I add a trailing slash for Django MPTT-based categorization app?

    - by Patrick Beeson
    I'm using Django-MPTT to develop a categorization app for my Django project. But I can't seem to get the regex pattern for adding a trailing slash that doesn't also break on child categories. Here's an example URL: http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/ I'd like to be able to use http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat and have it redirect to the trailing slash version. The same should apply to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat (it should redirect to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/). Here's my urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page from storefront.categories.models import Category from storefront.categories.views import SimpleCategoryView urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^(?P<full_slug>[-\w/]+)', cache_page(SimpleCategoryView.as_view(), 60 * 15), name='category_view'), ) And here is my view: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from django.views.generic import TemplateView, DetailView from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, SingleObjectMixin from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed from storefront.categories.models import Category class SimpleCategoryView(TemplateView): def get_category(self): return Category.objects.get(full_slug=self.kwargs['full_slug']) def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super(SimpleCategoryView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) context["category"] = self.get_category() return context def get_template_names(self): if self.get_category().template_name: return [self.get_category().template_name] else: return ['categories/category_detail.html'] And finally, my model: from django.db import models from mptt.models import MPTTModel from mptt.fields import TreeForeignKey class CategoryManager(models.Manager): def get(self, **kwargs): defaults = {} defaults.update(kwargs) if 'full_slug' in defaults: if defaults['full_slug'] and defaults['full_slug'][-1] != "/": defaults['full_slug'] += "/" return super(CategoryManager, self).get(**defaults) class Category(MPTTModel): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) description = models.TextField(blank=True, help_text='Please use <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">Markdown syntax</a> for all text-formatting and links. No HTML is allowed.') slug = models.SlugField(help_text='Prepopulates from title field.') full_slug = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True) template_name = models.CharField(max_length=70, blank=True, help_text="Example: 'categories/category_parent.html'. If this isn't provided, the system will use 'categories/category_detail.html'. Use 'categories/category_parent.html' for all parent categories and 'categories/category_child.html' for all child categories.") parent = TreeForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, related_name='children') objects = CategoryManager() class Meta: verbose_name = 'category' verbose_name_plural = 'categories' def save(self, *args, **kwargs): orig_full_slug = self.full_slug if self.parent: self.full_slug = "%s%s/" % (self.parent.full_slug, self.slug) else: self.full_slug = "%s/" % self.slug obj = super(Category, self).save(*args, **kwargs) if orig_full_slug != self.full_slug: for child in self.get_children(): child.save() return obj def available_product_set(self): """ Returns available, prioritized products for a category """ from storefront.apparel.models import Product return self.product_set.filter(is_available=True).order_by('-priority') def __unicode__(self): return "%s (%s)" % (self.title, self.full_slug) def get_absolute_url(self): return '/categories/%s' % (self.full_slug)

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  • Google App Engine python - Self is not defined

    - by sdasdas
    I have a request that maps to this class ChatMsg It takes in 3 get variables, username, roomname, and msg. But it fails on this last line here. class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): # this is line 239 def get(self): username = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('username')) roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) # this is line 242 When it tries to assign roomname, it tells me: <type 'exceptions.NameError'>: name 'self' is not defined Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 239, in <module> class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 242, in ChatMsg roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) what the hell is going on to make self not defined

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  • if (self = [super init]) vs. if ((self = [super init]))

    - by JOM
    Was just doing a code review and started to wonder: I thought if (self = [super init]) checks whether assigning return value of [super init] to variable self was successful or not (value of operation). Thus (self = nil) would actually be TRUE. I thought if ((self = [super init])) checks what is the value of self after assignment (value of variable). Thus ((self = nil)) would be FALSE. Which one is the correct way to use when initializing your own classes? Apple documentation uses the former one (for example here), which style I'm actually using now.

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  • Is it possible to force the WCF test client to accept a self-signed certificate?

    - by Lawrence Johnston
    I have a WCF web service running in IIS 7 using a self-signed certificate (it's a proof of concept to make sure this is the route I want to go). It's required to use SSL. Is it possible to use the WCF Test Client to debug this service without needing a non-self-signed certificate? When I try I get this error: Error: Cannot obtain Metadata from https:///Service1.svc If this is a Windows (R) Communication Foundation service to which you have access, please check that you have enabled metadata publishing at the specified address. For help enabling metadata publishing, please refer to the MSDN documentation at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=65455.WS-Metadata Exchange Error URI: https:///Service1.svc Metadata contains a reference that cannot be resolved: 'https:///Service1.svc'. Could not establish trust relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel with authority ''. The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel. The remote certificate is invalid according to the validation procedure.HTTP GET Error URI: https:///Service1.svc There was an error downloading 'https:///Service1.svc'. The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel. The remote certificate is invalid according to the validation procedure.

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  • Is it Possible to Use Constraints on Hierarchical Data in a Self-Referential Table?

    - by pbarney
    Suppose you have the following table, intended to represent hierarchical data: +--------+-------------+ | Field | Type | +--------+-------------+ | id | int(10) | | parent | int(10) | | name | varchar(45) | +--------+-------------+ The table is self-referential in that the parent_id refers to id. So you might have the following data: +----+--------+---------------+ | id | parent | name | +----+--------+---------------+ | 1 | 0 | fruit | | 2 | 0 | vegetable | | 3 | 1 | apple | | 4 | 1 | orange | | 5 | 3 | red delicious | | 6 | 3 | granny smith | | 7 | 3 | gala | +----+--------+---------------+ Using MySQL, I am trying to impose a (self-referential) foreign key constraint upon the data to cascade on update and prevent deletion of a record if it has any "children." So I used the following: CREATE TABLE `test`.`fruit` ( `id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `parent` INT(10) UNSIGNED, `name` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), CONSTRAINT `fk_parent` FOREIGN KEY (`parent`) REFERENCES `fruit` (`id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE RESTRICT ) ENGINE = InnoDB; From what I understand, this should fit my requirements. (And parent must default to null to allow insertions, correct?) The problem is, if I change the id of a record, it will not cascade: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test`.`fruit`, CONSTRAINT `fk_parent` FOREIGN KEY (`parent`) REFERENCES `fruit` (`id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE) What am I missing? Feel free to correct me if my terminology is screwed up... I'm new to constraints.

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  • Play mp3 using Python, PyQt, and Phonon

    - by KeyboardInterrupt
    I been trying all day to figure out the Qt's Phonon library with Python. My long term goal is to see if I could get it to play a mms:// stream, but since I can't find an implementation of this done anywhere, I will figure that part out myself. (figured I'd put it out there if anyone knew more about this specifically, if not no big deal.) Anyway, I figured I'd work backwards from a working example I found online. This launches a file browser and will play the mp3 file specified. I wanted to strip out the file browser stuff and get it down to the essentials of executing the script and having it play an Mp3 file with a hardcoded path. I'm assuming my problem is a misunderstanding of setCurrentSource() and specifying the data types. (see: http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/static/Docs/PyQt4/html/phonon-mediasource.html#fileName) I'm keeping my question kind of broad because ANY help with understanding Phonon would be greatly appreciated. import sys from PyQt4.QtGui import QApplication, QMainWindow, QDirModel, QColumnView from PyQt4.QtGui import QFrame from PyQt4.QtCore import SIGNAL from PyQt4.phonon import Phonon class MainWindow(QMainWindow): m_model = QDirModel() def __init__(self): QMainWindow.__init__(self) self.m_fileView = QColumnView(self) self.m_media = None self.setCentralWidget(self.m_fileView) self.m_fileView.setModel(self.m_model) self.m_fileView.setFrameStyle(QFrame.NoFrame) self.connect(self.m_fileView, SIGNAL("updatePreviewWidget(const QModelIndex &)"), self.play) def play(self, index): self.delayedInit() self.m_media.setCurrentSource( Phonon.MediaSource(self.m_model.filePath(index))) self.m_media.play() def delayedInit(self): if not self.m_media: self.m_media = Phonon.MediaObject(self) audioOutput = Phonon.AudioOutput(Phonon.MusicCategory, self) Phonon.createPath(self.m_media, audioOutput) def main(): app = QApplication(sys.argv) QApplication.setApplicationName("Phonon Tutorial 2 (Python)") mw = MainWindow() mw.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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  • Python Tkinter comparing PhotoImage objects

    - by Kyle Schmidt
    In a simple LightsOut game, when I click on a light I need to toggle the image on a button. I'm doing this with Tkinter, so I thought I'd just check and see what image is currently on the button (either 'on.gif' or 'off.gif') and set it to the other one, like this: def click(self,x,y): if self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on This ends up always being True - I can turn a lgiht off, but never turn it back on. Did some research, realized that I should probably be using cmp: def click(self,x,y): if cmp(self.buttons[x][y].image,self.on) == 0: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on But that gave me the exact same result. Both self.on and self.off are PhotoImage objects. Aside from keeping a separate set of lists which tracks what type of light is in each position and redrawing them every click, is there a way to directly compare two PhotoImage objects like this?

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  • PyGTK: Trouble with size of ScrolledWindow

    - by canavanin
    Hi everyone! I am using PyGTK and the gtk.Assistant. On one page I have placed a treeview (one column, just strings) in a gtk.ScrolledWindow (I wanted the vertical scrollbar, since the list contains about 35 items). Everything is working fine; the only thing that bugs me is that I have not been able to figure out from the documentation how to set the size of the scrolled window. Currently only three items are displayed at a time; I would like to set this number to 10 or so. Below is the code. As you can see I have tried using a gtk.Adjustment to influence the scrolled window's size, but as - once more - I have been incompetent at retrieving the required info from the documentation, I don't actually know what values should be put into there. self.page7 = gtk.VBox() # The gtk.Adjustment: page_size = gtk.Adjustment(lower=10, page_size=100) # just used some arbitrary numbers here >_< scrolled_win = gtk.ScrolledWindow(page_size) scrolled_win.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC) # only display scroll bars when required self.character_traits_treeview = gtk.TreeView() self.character_traits_treestore = gtk.TreeStore(str) self.character_traits_treeview.set_model(self.character_traits_treestore) tc = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Character traits") self.character_traits_treeview.append_column(tc) cr = gtk.CellRendererText() tc.pack_start(cr, True) tc.add_attribute(cr, "text", 0) self.character_trait_selection = self.character_traits_treeview.get_selection() self.character_trait_selection.connect('changed', self.check_number_of_character_trait_selections) self.character_trait_selection.set_mode(gtk.SELECTION_MULTIPLE) self.make_character_traits_treestore() # adding the treeview to the scrolled window: scrolled_win.add(self.character_traits_treeview) self.page7.pack_start(scrolled_win, False, False, 0) self.assistant.append_page(self.page7) self.assistant.set_page_title(self.page7, "Step 7: Select 2-3 character traits") self.assistant.set_page_type(self.page7, gtk.ASSISTANT_PAGE_CONTENT) self.assistant.set_page_complete(self.page7, False) def check_number_of_character_trait_selections(self, blah): # ... def make_character_traits_treestore(self): # ... I know I should RTFM, but as I can't make head or tail of it, and as further searching, too, has been to no avail, I'm just hoping that someone on here can give me a hint. Thanks a lot in advance! PS: Here are the links to: the gtk.ScrolledWindow documentation the gtk.Adjustment documentation

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  • What it is that will completely change the scene as we know it today?

    - by Eyewan
    Have you ever thought about what it is that it might be next in programming and IT industries that will completely change the scene as we know it today. Do you ever pause and think of something like that, what could it be? I think that it is really important for developers to have the awareness about such thing. That is what drives us to continually learn and improve ourselves, always something new awaits us just around the corner and everything is going to change in blink of an eye.

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  • How can I change 'self.view' within a button method created outside of 'loadView'

    - by Scott
    Hey guys. So I am creating buttons dynamically within loadView. Each of these buttons is given an action using the @Selector method, such as : [button addTarget:self action:@selector(showCCView) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; Now that showCCView method is defined outside of loadView, where this above statement is located. The point of the method is to change the view currently on the screen (so set self.view = ccView). It gives me an error every time I try and access self.view outside of loadView, and even sometimes when I try and access it at random places within loadView, it just has been acting really weird. I tried to change it around so I wouldn't have to deal with this either. I had made a function + (void) showView: (UIView*) oldView: (UIView*) newView; but this didn't work out either because the @Selector was being real prissy about using it with a function that needed two parameters. Any help please? Here is my code: // // SiteOneController.m // InstantNavigator // // Created by dni on 2/22/10. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import "SiteOneController.h" @implementation SiteOneController + (UIView*) ccContent { UIView *ccContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; ccContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [ccContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Constitution Center Content"]]; return ccContent; } // Button Dimensions int a = 62; int b = 80; int c = 200; int d = 30; // NPSIN Green Color + (UIColor*)myColor1 { return [UIColor colorWithRed:0.0f/255.0f green:76.0f/255.0f blue:29.0f/255.0f alpha:1.0f]; } // Creates Nav Bar with default Green at top of screen with given String as title + (UINavigationBar*)myNavBar1: (NSString*)input { UIView *test = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; UINavigationBar *navBar = [[UINavigationBar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, test.bounds.size.width, 45)]; navBar.tintColor = [SiteOneController myColor1]; UINavigationItem *navItem; navItem = [UINavigationItem alloc]; navItem.title = input; [navBar pushNavigationItem:navItem animated:false]; return navBar; } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// // Implement loadView to create a view hierarchy programmatically, without using a nib. - (void)loadView { //hard coded array of content for each site // CC NSMutableArray *allccContent = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *cc1 = @"House Model"; NSString *cc2 = @"James Dexter History"; [allccContent addObject: cc1]; [cc1 release]; [allccContent addObject: cc2]; [cc2 release]; // FC NSMutableArray *allfcContent = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *fc1 = @"Ghost House"; NSString *fc2 = @"Franklins Letters"; NSString *fc3 = @"Franklins Business"; [allfcContent addObject: fc1]; [fc1 release]; [allfcContent addObject: fc2]; [fc2 release]; [allfcContent addObject: fc3]; [fc3 release]; // PC NSMutableArray *allphContent = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *ph1 = @"Changing Occupancy"; NSString *ph2 = @"Sketches"; NSString *ph3 = @"Servant House"; NSString *ph4 = @"Monument"; NSString *ph5 = @"Virtual Model"; [allphContent addObject: ph1]; [ph1 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph2]; [ph2 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph3]; [ph3 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph4]; [ph4 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph5]; [ph5 release]; // Each content page's view //UIView *ccContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; UIView *fcContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; UIView *phContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; //ccContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; fcContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; phContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; //[ccContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Constitution Center Content"]]; [fcContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Franklin Court Content"]]; [phContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Presidents House Content"]]; //allocate the view self.view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; //set the view's background color self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [self.view addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Sites"]]; NSMutableArray *sites = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *one = @"Constution Center"; NSString *two = @"Franklin Court"; NSString *three = @"Presidents House"; [sites addObject: one]; [one release]; [sites addObject: two]; [two release]; [sites addObject: three]; [three release]; NSString *ccName = @"Constitution Center"; NSString *fcName = @"Franklin Court"; NSString *element; int j = 0; for (element in sites) { UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //setframe (where on screen) //separation is 15px past the width (45-30) button.frame = CGRectMake(a, b + (j*45), c, d); [button setTitle:element forState:UIControlStateNormal]; button.backgroundColor = [SiteOneController myColor1]; /*- (void) fooFirstInput:(NSString*) first secondInput:(NSString*) second { NSLog(@"Logs %@ then %@", first, second); } - (void) performMethodsViaSelectors { [self performSelector:@selector(fooNoInputs)]; [self performSelector:@selector(fooOneInput:) withObject:@"first"]; [self performSelector;@selector(fooFirstInput:secondInput:) withObject:@"first" withObject:@"second"];*/ //UIView *old = self.view; if (element == ccName) { [button addTarget:self action:@selector(showCCView) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; } else if (element == fcName) { } else { } [self.view addSubview: button]; j++; } } // This method show the content views for each of the sites. /*+ (void) showCCView { self.view = [SiteOneController ccContent]; }*/

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