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• Why is a 16-bit register used with BSR instruction in this code snippet?

  - by sharptooth

  In this hardcore article there's a function find_maskwidth() that basically detects the number of bits required to represent itemCount dictinct values: unsigned int find_maskwidth( unsigned int itemCount ) { unsigned int maskWidth, count = itemCount; __asm { mov eax, count mov ecx, 0 mov maskWidth, ecx dec eax bsr cx, ax jz next inc cx mov maskWidth, ecx next: } return maskWidth; } the question is why do they use ax and cx registers instead of eax and ecx?

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• Why this base64 function stop working when increasing max length?

  - by flyout

  I am using this class to encode/decode text to base64. It works fine with MAX_LEN up to 512 but if I increase it to 1024 the decode function returns and empty var. This is the function: char* Base64::encode(char *src) { char* ptr = dst+0; unsigned triad; unsigned int d_len = MAX_LEN; memset(dst,'\0', MAX_LEN); unsigned s_len = strlen(src); for (triad = 0; triad < s_len; triad += 3) { unsigned long int sr = 0; unsigned byte; for (byte = 0; (byte<3)&&(triad+byte<s_len); ++byte) { sr <<= 8; sr |= (*(src+triad+byte) & 0xff); } sr <<= (6-((8*byte)%6))%6; // shift left to next 6bit alignment if (d_len < 4) return NULL; // error - dest too short *(ptr+0) = *(ptr+1) = *(ptr+2) = *(ptr+3) = '='; switch(byte) { case 3: *(ptr+3) = base64[sr&0x3f]; sr >>= 6; case 2: *(ptr+2) = base64[sr&0x3f]; sr >>= 6; case 1: *(ptr+1) = base64[sr&0x3f]; sr >>= 6; *(ptr+0) = base64[sr&0x3f]; } ptr += 4; d_len -= 4; } return dst; } Why could be causing this?

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• Trying to compile a linux-based app on Mac OS X

  - by Scott

  I'm just trying to compile the linux-based FCEUX (NES emulator) on my mac, OS X 10.5 Leopard. I got all the dependencies (SDL, GTK+ 2) going and everything but of all things this is now my problem: Undefined symbols: "_compress", referenced from: SaveSnapshot() in video.o "_gzclose", referenced from: FCEU_fopen(char const*, char const*, char*, char*, int, char const**)in file.o "_crc32", referenced from: CalcCRC32(unsigned int, unsigned char*, unsigned int)in crc32.o _unzReadCurrentFile in unzip.o _unzReadCurrentFile in unzip.o "_uncompress", referenced from: NetplayUpdate(unsigned char*)in netplay.o FCEUSS_LoadFP(EMUFILE*, ENUM_SSLOADPARAMS) in state.o "_compress2", referenced from: FCEUNET_SendFile(unsigned char, char*)in netplay.o FCEUSS_SaveMS(EMUFILE*, int) in state.o "_inflateEnd", referenced from: _unzCloseCurrentFile in unzip.o "_inflate", referenced from: _unzReadCurrentFile in unzip.o "inflateInit2", referenced from: _unzOpenCurrentFile in unzip.o "_gzgetc", referenced from: FCEU_fopen(char const*, char const*, char*, char*, int, char const**)in file.o "_gzopen", referenced from: FCEU_fopen(char const*, char const*, char*, char*, int, char const**)in file.o "_gzread", referenced from: FCEU_fopen(char const*, char const*, char*, char*, int, char const**)in file.o "_gzseek", referenced from: FCEU_fopen(char const*, char const*, char*, char*, int, char const*)in file.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status scons: ** [src/fceux] Error 1 scons: building terminated because of errors. Those are zlib functions. It seems like it is loading the zlib.h ok, but the symbols aren't being linked in? Just to make sure I downloaded the latest zlib and did a make install, no help. I have no clue what's going on here, it seems like it should be pretty basic, that library is nothing special. Help would be appreciated. Thanks.

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• stl::map insert segmentation fault

  - by Jakub Czaplicki

  Why does this code stop with the segmentation fault : class MapFile { public: /* ... */ std::map <unsigned int, unsigned int> inToOut; }; bool SwitchMapFile::LoadMapFile( const wxString& fileName ) { /* ... */ inToOut.insert( std::make_pair(spmPort,fibreId) ); } but this one works fine : class MapFile { public: /* ... */ }; bool MapFile::LoadMapFile( const wxString& fileName ) { /* ... */ std::map <unsigned int, unsigned int> inToOut; inToOut.insert( std::make_pair(input,output) ); } ?

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• C++ non-member functions for nested template classes

  - by beldaz

  I have been writing several class templates that contain nested iterator classes, for which an equality comparison is required. As I believe is fairly typical, the comparison is performed with a non-member (and non-friend) operator== function. In doing so, my compiler (I'm using Mingw32 GCC 4.4 with flags -O3 -g -Wall) fails to find the function and I have run out of possible reasons. In the rather large block of code below there are three classes: a Base class, a Composed class that holds a Base object, and a Nested class identical to the Composed class except that it is nested within an Outer class. Non-member operator== functions are supplied for each. These classes are in templated and untemplated forms (in their own respective namespaces), with the latter equivalent to the former specialised for unsigned integers. In main, two identical objects for each class are compared. For the untemplated case there is no problem, but for the templated case the compiler fails to find operator==. What's going on? #include <iostream> namespace templated { template<typename T> class Base { T t_; public: explicit Base(const T& t) : t_(t) {} bool equal(const Base& x) const { return x.t_==t_; } }; template<typename T> bool operator==(const Base<T> &x, const Base<T> &y) { return x.equal(y); } template<typename T> class Composed { typedef Base<T> Base_; Base_ base_; public: explicit Composed(const T& t) : base_(t) {} bool equal(const Composed& x) const {return x.base_==base_;} }; template<typename T> bool operator==(const Composed<T> &x, const Composed<T> &y) { return x.equal(y); } template<typename T> class Outer { public: class Nested { typedef Base<T> Base_; Base_ base_; public: explicit Nested(const T& t) : base_(t) {} bool equal(const Nested& x) const {return x.base_==base_;} }; }; template<typename T> bool operator==(const typename Outer<T>::Nested &x, const typename Outer<T>::Nested &y) { return x.equal(y); } } // namespace templated namespace untemplated { class Base { unsigned int t_; public: explicit Base(const unsigned int& t) : t_(t) {} bool equal(const Base& x) const { return x.t_==t_; } }; bool operator==(const Base &x, const Base &y) { return x.equal(y); } class Composed { typedef Base Base_; Base_ base_; public: explicit Composed(const unsigned int& t) : base_(t) {} bool equal(const Composed& x) const {return x.base_==base_;} }; bool operator==(const Composed &x, const Composed &y) { return x.equal(y); } class Outer { public: class Nested { typedef Base Base_; Base_ base_; public: explicit Nested(const unsigned int& t) : base_(t) {} bool equal(const Nested& x) const {return x.base_==base_;} }; }; bool operator==(const Outer::Nested &x, const Outer::Nested &y) { return x.equal(y); } } // namespace untemplated int main() { using std::cout; unsigned int testVal=3; { // No templates first typedef untemplated::Base Base_t; Base_t a(testVal); Base_t b(testVal); cout << "a=b=" << testVal << "\n"; cout << "a==b ? " << (a==b ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n"; typedef untemplated::Composed Composed_t; Composed_t c(testVal); Composed_t d(testVal); cout << "c=d=" << testVal << "\n"; cout << "c==d ? " << (c==d ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n"; typedef untemplated::Outer::Nested Nested_t; Nested_t e(testVal); Nested_t f(testVal); cout << "e=f=" << testVal << "\n"; cout << "e==f ? " << (e==f ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n"; } { // Now with templates typedef templated::Base<unsigned int> Base_t; Base_t a(testVal); Base_t b(testVal); cout << "a=b=" << testVal << "\n"; cout << "a==b ? " << (a==b ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n"; typedef templated::Composed<unsigned int> Composed_t; Composed_t c(testVal); Composed_t d(testVal); cout << "c=d=" << testVal << "\n"; cout << "d==c ? " << (c==d ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n"; typedef templated::Outer<unsigned int>::Nested Nested_t; Nested_t e(testVal); Nested_t f(testVal); cout << "e=f=" << testVal << "\n"; cout << "e==f ? " << (e==f ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n"; // Above line causes compiler error: // error: no match for 'operator==' in 'e == f' } cout << std::endl; return 0; }

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• How does sizeof calculate the size of structures

  - by Gearoid Murphy

  I know that a char and an int are calculated as being 8 bytes on 32 bit architectures due to alignment, but I recently came across a situation where a structure with 3 shorts was reported as being 6 bytes by the sizeof operator. Code is as follows: #include <iostream> using namespace std ; struct IntAndChar { int a ; unsigned char b ; }; struct ThreeShorts { unsigned short a ; unsigned short b ; unsigned short c ; }; int main() { cout<<sizeof(IntAndChar)<<endl; // outputs '8' cout<<sizeof(ThreeShorts)<<endl; // outputs '6', I expected this to be '8' return 0 ; } Compiler : g++ (Debian 4.3.2-1.1) 4.3.2. This really puzzles me, why isn't alignment enforced for the structure containing 3 shorts?

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• Problems getting foreign keys working in MySQL

  - by thehuby

  I've been trying to get a delete to cascade and it just doesn't seem to work. I'm sure I am missing something obvious, can anyone help me find it? I would expect a delete on the 'articles' table to trigger a delete on the corresponding rows in the 'article_section_lt' table. CREATE TABLE articles ( id INTEGER UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, url_stub VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE, h1 VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL UNIQUE, title VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, description VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL, summary VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL DEFAULT "", html_content TEXT, date DATE NOT NULL, updated TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP )ENGINE=INNODB; CREATE TABLE article_sections ( /* blog, news etc */ id INTEGER UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, url_stub VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE, h1 VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, title VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, description VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL, summary VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL DEFAULT "", html_content TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT "" )ENGINE=INNODB; CREATE TABLE article_section_lt ( fk_article_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL REFERENCES articles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, fk_article_section_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL )ENGINE=INNODB;

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• Finding N contiguous zero bits in an integer to the left of the MSB position of another integer

  - by James Morris

  The problem is: given an integer val1 find the position of the highest bit set (Most Significant Bit) then, given a second integer val2 find a contiguous region of unset bits, with the minimum number of zero bits given by width to the left of the position (ie, in the higher bits). Here is the C code for my solution: typedef unsigned int t; unsigned const t_bits = sizeof(t) * CHAR_BIT; _Bool test_fit_within_left_of_msb( unsigned width, t val1, t val2, unsigned* offset_result) { unsigned offbit = 0; unsigned msb = 0; t mask; t b; while(val1 >>= 1) ++msb; while(offbit + width < t_bits - msb) { mask = (((t)1 << width) - 1) << (t_bits - width - offbit); b = val2 & mask; if (!b) { *offset_result = offbit; return true; } if (offbit++) /* this conditional bothers me! */ b <<= offbit - 1; while(b <<= 1) offbit++; } return false; } Aside from faster ways of finding the MSB of the first integer, the commented test for a zero offbit seems a bit extraneous, but necessary to skip the highest bit of type t if it is set. I have also implemented similar algorithms but working to the right of the MSB of the first number, so they don't require this seemingly extra condition. How can I get rid of this extra condition, or even, are there far more optimal solutions? Edit: Some background not strictly required. The offset result is a count of bits from the high bit, not from the low bit as maybe expected. This will be part of a wider algorithm which scans a 2D array for a 2D area of zero bits. Here, for testing, the algorithm has been simplified. val1 represents the first integer which does not have all bits set found in a row of the 2D array. From this the 2D version would scan down which is what val2 represents. Here's some output showing success and failure: t_bits:32 t_high: 10000000000000000000000000000000 ( 2147483648 ) --------- ----------------------------------- *** fit within left of msb test *** ----------------------------------- val1: 00000000000000000000000010000000 ( 128 ) val2: 01000001000100000000100100001001 ( 1091569929 ) msb: 7 offbit:0 + width: 8 = 8 mask: 11111111000000000000000000000000 ( 4278190080 ) b: 01000001000000000000000000000000 ( 1090519040 ) offbit:8 + width: 8 = 16 mask: 00000000111111110000000000000000 ( 16711680 ) b: 00000000000100000000000000000000 ( 1048576 ) offbit:12 + width: 8 = 20 mask: 00000000000011111111000000000000 ( 1044480 ) b: 00000000000000000000000000000000 ( 0 ) offbit:12 iters:10 ***** found room for width:8 at offset: 12 ***** ----------------------------------- *** fit within left of msb test *** ----------------------------------- val1: 00000000000000000000000001000000 ( 64 ) val2: 00010000000000001000010001000001 ( 268469313 ) msb: 6 offbit:0 + width: 13 = 13 mask: 11111111111110000000000000000000 ( 4294443008 ) b: 00010000000000000000000000000000 ( 268435456 ) offbit:4 + width: 13 = 17 mask: 00001111111111111000000000000000 ( 268402688 ) b: 00000000000000001000000000000000 ( 32768 ) ***** mask: 00001111111111111000000000000000 ( 268402688 ) offbit:17 iters:15 ***** no room found for width:13 ***** (iters is the count of iterations of the inner while loop)

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• xerces-c: Xml parsing multiple files

  - by user459811

  I'm atempting to learn xerces-c and was following this tutorial online. http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/XML-Xerces-C.html I was able to get the tutorial to compile and run through a memory checker (valgrind) with no problems however when I made alterations to the program slightly, the memory checker returned some potential leak bytes. I only added a few extra lines to main to allow the program to read two files instead of one. int main() { string configFile="sample.xml"; // stat file. Get ambigious segfault otherwise. GetConfig appConfig; appConfig.readConfigFile(configFile); cout << "Application option A=" << appConfig.getOptionA() << endl; cout << "Application option B=" << appConfig.getOptionB() << endl; // Added code configFile = "sample1.xml"; appConfig.readConfigFile(configFile); cout << "Application option A=" << appConfig.getOptionA() << endl; cout << "Application option B=" << appConfig.getOptionB() << endl; return 0; } I was wondering why is it when I added the extra lines of code to read in another xml file, it would result in the following output? ==776== Using Valgrind-3.6.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==776== Command: ./a.out ==776== Application option A=10 Application option B=24 Application option A=30 Application option B=40 ==776== ==776== HEAP SUMMARY: ==776== in use at exit: 6 bytes in 2 blocks ==776== total heap usage: 4,031 allocs, 4,029 frees, 1,092,045 bytes allocated ==776== ==776== 3 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 2 ==776== at 0x4C28B8C: operator new(unsigned long) (vg_replace_malloc.c:261) ==776== by 0x5225E9B: xercesc_3_1::MemoryManagerImpl::allocate(unsigned long) (MemoryManagerImpl.cpp:40) ==776== by 0x53006C8: xercesc_3_1::IconvGNULCPTranscoder::transcode(unsigned short const*, xercesc_3_1::MemoryManager*) (IconvGNUTransService.cpp:751) ==776== by 0x4038E7: GetConfig::readConfigFile(std::string&) (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== by 0x403B13: main (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== ==776== 3 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 2 of 2 ==776== at 0x4C28B8C: operator new(unsigned long) (vg_replace_malloc.c:261) ==776== by 0x5225E9B: xercesc_3_1::MemoryManagerImpl::allocate(unsigned long) (MemoryManagerImpl.cpp:40) ==776== by 0x53006C8: xercesc_3_1::IconvGNULCPTranscoder::transcode(unsigned short const*, xercesc_3_1::MemoryManager*) (IconvGNUTransService.cpp:751) ==776== by 0x40393F: GetConfig::readConfigFile(std::string&) (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== by 0x403B13: main (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== ==776== LEAK SUMMARY: ==776== definitely lost: 6 bytes in 2 blocks ==776== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== ==776== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==776== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)

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• Ways to divide the high/low byte from a 16bit address?

  - by Grissiom

  Hello, I'm developing a software on 8051 processor. A frequent job is to divide the high and low byte of a 16bit address. I want to see there are how many ways to achieve it. The ways I come up so far are: (say ptr is a 16bit pointer, and int is 16bit int) ADDH = (unsigned int) ptr >> 8; ADDL = (unsigned int) ptr & 0x00FF; and ADDH = ((unsigned char *)&ptr)[0]; ADDL = ((unsigned char *)&ptr)[1]; Does anyone have any other bright ideas? ;) And anyone can tell me which way is more efficient?

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• A follow up on type coercion in C++, as it may be construed by type conversion

  - by David

  This is a follow up to my previous question. Consider that I write a function with the following prototype: int a_function(Foo val); Where foo is believed to be a type defined unsigned int. This is unfortunately not verifiable for lack of documentation. So, someone comes along and uses a_function, but calls it with an unsigned int as an argument. Here the story takes a turn. Foo turns out to actually be a class, which can take an unsigned int as a single argument of unsigned int in an explicit constructor. Is it a standard and reliable behavior for the compiler to render the function call by doing a type conversion on the argument. I.e. is the compiler supposed to recognize the mismatch and insert the constructor? Or should I get a compile time error reporting the type mismatch.

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• C++ Map of Vector of Structs?

  - by garsh0p

  So here's a snippet of my code: struct dv_nexthop_cost_pair { unsigned short nexthop; unsigned int cost; }; map<unsigned short, vector<struct dv_nexthop_cost_pair> > dv; I'm getting the following compiler error: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of `map' with no type What's the proper way to declare this?

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• MySQL and INT auto_increment fields

  - by PHPguy

  Hello folks, I'm developing in LAMP (Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP) since I remember myself. But one question was bugging me for years now. I hope you can help me to find an answer and point me into the right direction. Here is my challenge: Say, we are creating a community website, where we allow our users to register. The MySQL table where we store all users would look then like this: CREATE TABLE `users` ( `uid` int(2) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'User ID', `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Password is saved as a 32-bytes hash, never in plain text', `email` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `created` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL default '0' COMMENT 'Timestamp of registration', `updated` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL default '0' COMMENT 'Timestamp of profile update, e.g. change of email', PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; So, from this snippet you can see that we have a unique and automatically incrementing for every new user 'uid' field. As on every good and loyal community website we need to provide users with possibility to completely delete their profile if they want to cancel their participation in our community. Here comes my problem. Let's say we have 3 registered users: Alice (uid = 1), Bob (uid = 2) and Chris (uid = 3). Now Bob want to delete his profile and stop using our community. If we delete Bob's profile from the 'users' table then his missing 'uid' will create a gap which will be never filled again. In my opinion it's a huge waste of uid's. I see 3 possible solutions here: 1) Increase the capacity of the 'uid' field in our table from SMALLINT (int(2)) to, for example, BIGINT (int(8)) and ignore the fact that some of the uid's will be wasted. 2) introduce the new field 'is_deleted', which will be used to mark deleted profiles (but keep them in the table, instead of deleting them) to re-utilize their uid's for newly registered users. The table will look then like this: CREATE TABLE `users` ( `uid` int(2) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'User ID', `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Password is saved as a 32-bytes hash, never in plain text', `email` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `is_deleted` int(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0' COMMENT 'If equal to "1" then the profile has been deleted and will be re-used for new registrations', `created` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL default '0' COMMENT 'Timestamp of registration', `updated` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL default '0' COMMENT 'Timestamp of profile update, e.g. change of email', PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 3) Write a script to shift all following user records once a previous record has been deleted. E.g. in our case when Bob (uid = 2) decides to remove his profile, we would replace his record with the record of Chris (uid = 3), so that uid of Chris becomes qual to 2 and mark (is_deleted = '1') the old record of Chris as vacant for the new users. In this case we keep the chronological order of uid's according to the registration time, so that the older users have lower uid's. Please, advice me now which way is the right way to handle the gaps in the auto_increment fields. This is just one example with users, but such cases occur very often in my programming experience. Thanks in advance!

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• What is the meanning of 'idx_categories_desc_categories_name' in osCommerce

  - by Sumant

  while working on osCommerce-3 i got the table structure for category & categories_description as CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `osc_categories` ( `categories_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `categories_image` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `parent_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `sort_order` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `date_added` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `last_modified` datetime DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`categories_id`), KEY `idx_categories_parent_id` (`parent_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `osc_categories_description` ( `categories_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `language_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `categories_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`categories_id`,`language_id`), KEY `idx_categories_desc_categories_id` (`categories_id`), KEY `idx_categories_desc_language_id` (`language_id`), KEY `idx_categories_desc_categories_name` (`categories_name`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; here i am not getting the meanning of indexing "idx_categories_desc_categories_id", "idx_categories_desc_language_id", "idx_categories_desc_categories_name" What is the use of this indexing.What does it mean?

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• C Programming: malloc() inside another function

  - by vikramtheone

  Hi Guys, I need help with malloc() inside another function. I'm passing a pointer and size to the function from my main() and I would like to allocate memory for that pointer dynamically using malloc() from inside that called function, but what I see is that.... the memory which is getting allocated is for the pointer declared withing my called function and not for the pointer which is inside the main(). How should I pass a pointer to a function and allocate memory for the passed pointer from inside the called function? Can anyone throw light on this? Help!!! Vikram I have written the following code and I get the output as shown below SOURCE: main() { unsigned char *input_image; unsigned int bmp_image_size = 262144; if(alloc_pixels(input_image, bmp_image_size)==NULL) printf("\nPoint2: Memory allocated: %d bytes",_msize(input_image)); else printf("\nPoint3: Memory not allocated"); } signed char alloc_pixels(unsigned char *ptr, unsigned int size) { signed char status = NO_ERROR; ptr = NULL; ptr = (unsigned char*)malloc(size); if(ptr== NULL) { status = ERROR; free(ptr); printf("\nERROR: Memory allocation did not complete successfully!"); } printf("\nPoint1: Memory allocated: %d bytes",_msize(ptr)); return status; } PROGRAM OUTPUT: Point1: Memory allocated ptr: 262144 bytes Point2: Memory allocated input_image: 0 bytes

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• SQL query to get latest record for all distinct items in a table

  - by David Buckley

  I have a table of all sales defined like: mysql> describe saledata; +-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | SaleDate | datetime | NO | | NULL | | | StoreID | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | | Quantity | int(10) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | | Price | decimal(19,4) | NO | | NULL | | | ItemID | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | +-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ I need to get the last sale price for all items (as the price may change). I know I can run a query like: SELECT price FROM saledata WHERE itemID = 1234 AND storeID = 111 ORDER BY saledate DESC LIMIT 1 However, I want to be able to get the last sale price for all items (the ItemIDs are stored in a separate item table) and insert them into a separate table. How can I get this data? I've tried queries like this: SELECT storeID, itemID, price FROM saledata WHERE itemID IN (SELECT itemID from itemmap) ORDER BY saledate DESC LIMIT 1 and then wrap that into an insert, but it's not getting the proper data. Is there one query I can run to get the last price for each item and insert that into a table defined like: mysql> describe lastsale; +-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | StoreID | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | | Price | decimal(19,4) | NO | | NULL | | | ItemID | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | +-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

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• MySQL query puzzle - finding what WOULD have been the most recent date

  - by Hank

  I've looked all over and haven't yet found an intelligent way to handle this, though I feel sure one is possible: One table of historical data has quarterly information: CREATE TABLE Quarterly ( unique_ID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, date_posted DATE NOT NULL, datasource TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, data FLOAT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (unique_ID)); Another table of historical data (which is very large) contains daily information: CREATE TABLE Daily ( unique_ID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, date_posted DATE NOT NULL, datasource TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, data FLOAT NOT NULL, qtr_ID INT UNSIGNED, PRIMARY KEY (unique_ID)); The qtr_ID field is not part of the feed of daily data that populated the database - instead, I need to retroactively populate the qtr_ID field in the Daily table with the Quarterly.unique_ID row ID, using what would have been the most recent quarterly data on that Daily.date_posted for that data source. For example, if the quarterly data is 101 2009-03-31 1 4.5 102 2009-06-30 1 4.4 103 2009-03-31 2 7.6 104 2009-06-30 2 7.7 105 2009-09-30 1 4.7 and the daily data is 1001 2009-07-14 1 3.5 ?? 1002 2009-07-15 1 3.4 && 1003 2009-07-14 2 2.3 ^^ then we would want the ?? qtr_ID field to be assigned '102' as the most recent quarter for that data source on that date, and && would also be '102', and ^^ would be '104'. The challenges include that both tables (particularly the daily table) are actually very large, they can't be normalized to get rid of the repetitive dates or otherwise optimized, and for certain daily entries there is no preceding quarterly entry. I have tried a variety of joins, using datediff (where the challenge is finding the minimum value of datediff greater than zero), and other attempts but nothing is working for me - usually my syntax is breaking somewhere. Any ideas welcome - I'll execute any basic ideas or concepts and report back.

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• Native Endians and Auto Conversion

  - by KnickerKicker

  so the following converts big endians to little ones uint32_t ntoh32(uint32_t v) { return (v << 24) | ((v & 0x0000ff00) << 8) | ((v & 0x00ff0000) >> 8) | (v >> 24); } works. like a charm. I read 4 bytes from a big endian file into char v[4] and pass it into the above function as ntoh32 (* reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *> (v)) that doesn't work - because my compiler (VS 2005) automatically converts the big endian char[4] into a little endian uint32_t when I do the cast. AFAIK, this automatic conversion will not be portable, so I use uint32_t ntoh_4b(char v[]) { uint32_t a = 0; a |= (unsigned char)v[0]; a <<= 8; a |= (unsigned char)v[1]; a <<= 8; a |= (unsigned char)v[2]; a <<= 8; a |= (unsigned char)v[3]; return a; } yes the (unsigned char) is necessary. yes it is dog slow. there must be a better way. anyone ?

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• std::map insert segmentation fault

  - by Jakub Czaplicki

  Why does this code stop with segmentation fault : class MapFile { public: /* ... */ std::map <unsigned int, unsigned int> inToOut; }; bool MapFile::LoadMapFile( const wxString& fileName ) { /* ... */ inToOut.insert( std::make_pair(input,output) ); } but this one works fine : class MapFile { public: /* ... */ }; bool MapFile::LoadMapFile( const wxString& fileName ) { /* ... */ std::map <unsigned int, unsigned int> inToOut; inToOut.insert( std::make_pair(input,output) ); } ?

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• C++'s std::string pools, debug builds? std::string and valgrind problems

  - by Den.Jekk

  Hello, I have a problem with many valgrind warnings about possible memory leaks in std::string, like this one: 120 bytes in 4 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 4,192 of 4,687 at 0x4A06819: operator new(unsigned long) (vg_replace_malloc.c:230) by 0x383B89B8B0: std::string::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::allocator<char> const&) (in /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.8) by 0x383B89C3B4: (within /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.8) by 0x383B89C4A9: std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, unsigned long, std::allocator<char> const&) (in /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.8) I'm wondering: does std::string (GCC 4.1.2) use any memory pools? if so, is there any way to disable the pools (in form of a debug build etc.)? Regards, Den

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• JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT [..] substitute

  - by FRKT

  Hello, I'd like to find a substitute for using SELECT DISTINCT in a derived table. Let's say I have three tables: CREATE TABLE `trades` ( `tradeID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `employeeID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL, `corporationID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL, `profit` int(11) NOT NULL, KEY `tradeID` (`tradeID`), KEY `employeeID` (`employeeID`), KEY `corporationID` (`corporationID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 CREATE TABLE `corporations` ( `corporationID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`corporationID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 CREATE TABLE `employees` ( `employeeID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`employeeID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 Let's say I'd like to find out how much profit a specific employee has generated. Simple: SELECT SUM(profit) FROM trades JOIN employees ON trades.employeeID = employees.employeeID AND employees.employeeID = 1; It gets trickier if I'd like to query how much revenue a specific corporation has, however. I cannot simply replicate the aforementioned query, because two or more employees from the same company might be involved in the same trade. This query should do the trick: SELECT SUM(profit) FROM trades JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT tradeID FROM trades WHERE trades.corporationID = 1) ... unfortunately, DISTINCT JOINs seem crazy ineffective. Is there any alternative I can use to determine how much revenue a corporation has, taking into account that a corporation might be listed several times with the same tradeID?

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• Comparing floats in their bit representations

  - by sczizzo

  Say I want a function that takes two floats (x and y), and I want to compare them using not their float representation but rather their bitwise representation as a 32-bit unsigned int. That is, a number like -495.5 has bit representation 0b11000011111001011100000000000000 or 0xC3E5C000 as a float, and I have an unsigned int with the same bit representation (corresponding to a decimal value 3286614016, which I don't care about). Is there any easy way for me to perform an operation like <= on these floats using only the information contained in their respective unsigned int counterparts?

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• Type for use in template object to compare double values

  - by DaClown

  I got this n-dimensional point object: template <class T, unsigned int dimension> class Obj { protected: T coords[dimension]; static const unsigned int size = dimension; public: Obj() { }; Obj(T def) { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; ++i) coords[i]=def; }; Obj(const Obj& o) { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; ++i) coords[i] = o.coords[i]; } const Obj& operator= (const Obj& rhs) { if (this != &rhs) for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; ++i) coords[i] = rhs.coords[i]; return *this; } virtual ~Obj() { }; T get (unsigned int id) { if (id >= size) throw std::out_of_range("out of range"); return coords[id]; } void set (unsigned int id, T t) { if (id >= size) throw std::out_of_range("out of range"); coords[id] = t; } }; and a 3D point class which uses Obj as base class: template <class U> class Point3DBase : public Obj<U,3> { typedef U type; public: U &x, &y, &z; public: Point3DBase() : x(Obj<U,3>::coords[0]), y(Obj<U,3>::coords[1]), z(Obj<U,3>::coords[2]) { }; Point3DBase(U def) : Obj<U,3>(def), x(Obj<U,3>::coords[0]), y(Obj<U,3>::coords[1]), z(Obj<U,3>::coords[2]) { }; Point3DBase(U x_, U y_, U z_) : x(Obj<U,3>::coords[0]), y(Obj<U,3>::coords[1]), z(Obj<U,3>::coords[2]) { x = x_; y = y_; z= z_; }; Point3DBase(const Point3DBase& other) : x(Obj<U,3>::coords[0]), y(Obj<U,3>::coords[1]), z(Obj<U,3>::coords[2]) { x = other.x; y = other.y; z = other.z; } // several operators ... }; The operators, basically the ones for comparison, use the simple compare-the-member-object approach like: virtual friend bool operator== (const Point3DBase<U> &lhs, const Point3DBase<U> rhs) { return (lhs.x == rhs.x && lhs.y == rhs.y && lhs.z == rhs.z); } Then it occured to me that for the comparion of double values the simply equality approach is not very useful since double values should be compared with an error margin. What would be the best approach to introduce an error margin into the point? I thought about an epsDouble type as template parameter but I can't figure out how to achieve this.

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• Better data-structure design

  - by Tempname

  Currently in my application I have a single table that is giving me a bit of trouble. The issue at hand is I have a value object that is mapped to this table. When the data is returned to me as an array of value objects, I have to then loop through this array and begin my recursion by matching the ParentID to parent ObjectID's. The column ParentID is either null (acts a parent) or it holds the value of an ObjectID. I know there has to be a better way to create this data structure so that I do not have to do recursive loops to match ParentID's with their ObjectID's. Any help with this is greatly appreciated. Here is the table in describe form: +----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+ | ObjectID | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | ObjectHeight | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectWidth | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectX | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectY | decimal(6,2) | NO | | NULL | | | ObjectLabel | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | | | TemplateID | int(11) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | ObjectTypeID | int(11) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | ParentID | int(11) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | | | CreationDate | datetime | YES | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | | | LastModifyDate | timestamp | YES | | NULL | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+e

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• Types questions in ANSI C

  - by shaharg

  Hi, I having few questions about typed in ANSI C: 1. what's the difference between "\x" in the beginning of a char to 0x in the beginning of char (or in any other case for this matter). AFAIK, they both means that this is hexadecimal.. so what's the difference. when casting char to (unsigned), not (unsigned char) - what does it mean? why (unsigned)'\xFF' != 0xFF? Thanks!

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