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• Meaning of tcp_delack_min

  - by Phi

  Hi, the current Linux Kernel (e.g. 2.6.36) uses Delayed Acknowledgments (delack). In /include/net/tcp.h it says: define TCP_DELACK_MIN ((unsigned)(HZ/25)) So, for a Kernel using a HZ value of 1000, an ACK should be delayed by a minimum of 40 ms. However, RFC 2581 says a TCP implementation should acknowledge every second full sized segment without further delay. Does anybody know whether the Linux Kernel follows that 'should' or whether the TCP_DELACK_MIN value means that even after a full sized segment was received, the ACK continues to be delayed until 40 ms have passed?

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• Folders disappear every timeWindows XP starts up

  - by Reebz

  Whenever my Windows XP machine starts up, subfolders disappear from the first top-level folder, listed alphabetically (eg. from "C:\AA Backups"). The first time it happened I suspected user error (such as an unintentional delete or copy). But I then found it happens on every start-up, sometimes affecting huge numbers of files. Renaming the affected folder (eg to "ZZ Backups") just means that a different folder is affected the next time. Avast found no virus or malware that would seem to be responsible. The missing files are not visible to an undelete utility such as NTFSUndelete. Running "chkdsk/f" found no problems and did not fix the problem. File permissions also appear corrupted - a few files which should be accessible are missing "read" permission. What's happened to this machine?? Any ideas or reports of similar experiences would be most welcome.

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• Database backup regardless of backup made through a control panel?

  - by developer

  I know that all CMS or CMC platforms have some sort of walkthrough for their users to fully backup and restore the database or the whole website. While we all can perform such backups (and there are even plugins which automate the whole procedure) and restore them in necessity (such as when we migrate to a new server), one can also backup the whole website by means of such control panels as Directadmin or Cpanel. Now, I just want to know if it is necessary for us to do database or website backups the way they are described by a specific CMC or CMS developer even after we perform a whole website backup in a control panel such as DA? An example of such CMS platforms is moodle. Moodle Docs describes how we can backup and restore moodle in here. So do we, out of necessity, have to make the backup the way described, or we can simply do it the Control panel way? Thanks

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• Reserve one http slot for /server-status?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have an Apache server which is hanging for some reason. When I normally want to check on the load of an Apache server, I tend to use mod_status via the URL at http://webserver1.example.org/server-status or from the commandline like service httpd fullstatus. However today, the Server is refusing all new connections. Some mysterious problem is causing connections to stall, which means that number of connections fills up all available connections (e.g. The number of connects exceeds the MaxClients setting), and therefore neither http://webserver1.example.org/server-status nor service httpd fullstatus can return anything. Is it possible to configure Apache to reserve one or two slots for the mod_status pages?

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• How do I launch a process as a specific user at startup on OS X?

  - by Scott Bonds

  I would like to run a script as a particular user on startup (not on login). I thought a launchd LaunchDaemon would do it, but 'man launchd' says: "If you wish your service to run as a certain user, in that user's environment, making it a launchd agent is the ONLY supported means of accomplishing this on Mac OS X. In other words, it is not sufficient to perform a setuid(2) to become a user in the truest sense on Mac OS X." They aren't kidding--when I try to run my script as a LaunchDaemon it doesn't work. In particular I'm trying to automate some keychain operations using the 'security' command, and it won't let me change the default keychain when I run the script through LaunchDaemon, though the script works fine when run using sudo from a shell. A LaunchAgent won't work, because the goal is for the proces to run without a user logging in and LaunchAgents only run when someone logs in. I looked at cron and the @reboot directive and that looks promising, but I read that cron is deprecated on OSX.

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• txt file descriptor in lsof

  - by wfaulk

  In my experience, files that have the file descriptor of txt in lsof output are the executable file itself and shared objects. The lsof man page says that it means "program text (code and data)". While debugging a problem, I found a large number of data files (specifically, ElasticSearch database index files) that lsof reported as txt. These are definitely not executable files. The process was ElasticSearch itself, which is a java process, if that helps point someone in the right direction. I want to understand how this process is opening and using these files that gets it to be reported in this way. I'm trying to understand some memory utilization, and I suspect that these open files are related to some metrics I'm seeing in some way. The system is Solaris 10 x86.

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• Same album repeatedly updates when syncing iTunes with iPhone

  - by Unsliced

  I have many many albums and tracks purchased via the iTunes store both through iTunes directly and via the iPhone. They all synchronise properly and are on iTunes eventually (i.e. if purcashed originally on the iPhone). There's one album, though, purchased via the iTunes app in June this year. Virtually every time I sync the iPhone it says "updating files" and this album gets updated. The rest of the sync goes just fine, new tracks added, listened to podcasts are removed, playlists are updated (notwithstanding that smart playlists' orderings are now utterly broken) fine - but this album is always getting updated. In finder I've looked at the permissions and nothing seems unusual. FWIW, I'm on Mac OS X 10.5.8, iPhone 3.1.2, iTunes 9.02. Anyone with any ideas? It's not a fundamental problem, but it does means that each sync takes an extra 30-60 seconds, which is annoying!

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• Circumventing a manual HTML login page for "unclassified" websites

  - by auramo

  The IT department just made my life a little bit harder again: they introduced a manual HTML login page for all websites they have not "classified". This means that all the applications which try to access unclassified websites for e.g. downloading plugins do not work. Examples: Eclipse plugin installation, Maven builds etc. What would be the easiest workaround for this? The best I've come up with is try to extend/customize Ruby's httpproxy.rb that comes with Webrick. I would automate the manual login process whenever that login response page is detected. This sounds quite painful, and I think there might/should be simpler options?

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• how to have files created by CMS have the same ownership as SSH user

  - by Cam

  I am having difficulty on our ubuntu server whereby I have an SSH user that when I create files using this user the ownership is web_user:www-data The problem is when a file is uploaded or created using a content management system like joomla. When files are uploaded through Joomla - such as components / modules... The ownership is set to www-data:www-data This means that I need to then chown all new files to web_user:www-data so we can edit the files. Is there a way to set for a directory and sub-directories that all new files created have the ownership of web_user:www-data? Do I need to use something like setuid or setgid? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• how to have files created by CMS have the same ownership as SSH user

  - by Cam

  I am having difficulty on our ubuntu server whereby I have an SSH user that when I create files using this user the ownership is web_user:www-data The problem is when a file is uploaded or created using a content management system like joomla. When files are uploaded through Joomla - such as components / modules... The ownership is set to www-data:www-data This means that I need to then chown all new files to web_user:www-data so we can edit the files. Is there a way to set for a directory and sub-directories that all new files created have the ownership of web_user:www-data? Do I need to use something like setuid or setgid? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Install Trac Without Setting Up a VirtualHost in Apache?

  - by jobu1324

  I'm trying to set up Trac to test out it's functionality, and the only guides I can find online talk about setting up a VirtualHost. Right now I am under the impression that I need access to a DNS server to properly use the VirtualHost directive, and for various reasons I don't have access to one. Is it possible to set up Trac without setting up a VirtualHost? I haven't had any luck. If I run the site with tracd, it works - which means that at least part of it is set up properly. Right now all I have is an Apache Directory directive pointing to /pathToTracSite/htdocs/, and when I visit the trac location, all I get when viewing the site from a browser is an empty directory (which makes sense, because htdocs/ is empty). My server is running Apache2 I know I'm missing a lot here, because I don't understand Apache the Trac system very well - any help would be appreciated.

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• How to defend agains botnet http requests

  - by Killercode

  I have a server with WHM + CPanel and 5 of my costumer got infected with zbot. This means that the domains they have are constantly receiving requests to certain destinations. I tried to use mod_security but seems that it can't filter every requests... I don't really know why? I still see in the access log the connection comming in and it's consuming a LOT of bandwidth and server load Those accounts have already been clean so all of those requests go to error 404 (the ones catched on mod_security I am dropping the connection). Is there anymore ways to defend against this requests?

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• How do I start silverlight on netflix in full screen automatically?

  - by KronoS

  I know that there this great big button that I can click for full screen on the bottom left of the screen. What I'm doing though is launching the direct movie/tv episode in chrome from XBMC using XBMCflicks. It's like pasting the video html address in the address bar and going directly to the video feed. Here's my dilemma, I want a fully working, no need for a keyboard/mouse HTPC, which means I don't want to have to click on the 'full screen' button. Is there a way to run chrome and silverlight automatically in full screen mode when launched?

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• What does "every two minutes" mean in cron?

  - by Ambrose

  I've got two scripts in cron set to run every two minutes: */2 -- the thing is, they're out of step. One runs at 1,3,5,7,9 minutes, etc. and the other at 0,2,4,6,8. This is not a mission-critical problem, but means I've got two status reports, one a bit stale compared to the other. What does cron do exactly? Run the first one in crontab document order, waiting till it's finished to run the second one? Is there any way I can make the run at the same time, or as close as possible?

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• tcpdump dns output codes

  - by tim

  Captured on the nameserver: 21:54:35.391126 IP resolver.7538 > server.domain: 57385% [1au] A? www.domain.de. (42) What das the percent sign in 57385% mean? As far as I can see 57385 is the clients sequence number, a plus would mean RD bit set. Second question: what does the ARCOUNT do in the query? As I understand the tcpdump man page the [1au] means tcpdump treats this as a protocol anomalie - as would I. I see this in a lot of queries.

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• How to setup dhcp3-server to advertise the DNS server the server itself has got from DHCP?

  - by Ivan

  The Ubuntu 10.04 server has eth0 Internet interface configured by means of an ISP's DHCP. At the same time the server has static eth0 LAN interface to which it provides masquerading (NAT) and LAN-internal DHCP service (dhcp3-server). As far as I've understood the manual, I had to hardcode DNS servers to advertise through LAN DHCP with option domain-name-servers in dhcpd.conf. But what if the ISP changes his DNS server IP silently (we use a SOHO-class ISP, so this won't surprise me much)? Can I configure dhcpd to advertise the DNS server the server uses itself, the one gotten by its DHCP client mechanism?

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• Running a webserver behind a firewall, is it secure?

  - by i.am.intern

  Currently we have a Linux-based firewall which NAT-ing our public IP address to give internet access to our staff's PCs and a Windows Server 2003 for internal filesharing. I want to host Redmine/SVN (a bugtracker) internally behind this firewall using a Linux server. This webserver will be accessed by our clients externally so they can post bug reports. This means that I have to open port 80 & 22 at the firewall to give access to the webserver and me to SSH it from home. However, let's say I'm using password-based SSH for the webserver and somebody cracked it. Does that mean the cracker could ping and access other servers and PCs in the network?

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• What is the largest flatscreen monitor available for PC use?

  - by Avery Payne

  I'll qualify this specifically (by order of preference): must have the highest diagonal measurement, widescreen or "normal" aspect ratio doesn't matter here, just the diagonal. must have the highest resolution available, which means 72 inches of 1280x1024 won't cut it. must not have a TV tuner built into it, I'm not looking for a TV set, this is a monitor! must be available at a retail outlet that caters to the general public, i.e. Best Buy, Sears, Costco (all of these examples are in the U.S., although you can suggest something from whatever chain is in your area/nation/geography). Non-retail or non-physical venues like eBay, or businesses that only cater to other businesses, do not qualify under this requirement. I should be able to walk into this place and purchase it, not just whip up an order online. If you are unsure about this requirement, just ask yourself: can I physically see it before I open my wallet and purchase it?

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• Installing Ubuntu next to Windows XP

  - by jess

  I have iso image for Ubuntu 11.0.4 on a CD. My OS is windows XP. I have 3 partions c, E and F. Windows is installed on C, and F has data. E is empty drive. Now, after I start installation , I choose the third option. Then click forward and I am shown three figures -- /dev/sda1 52427(total)/50931(used) /dev/sda5 52427(total)/3221(used) -- surprised, since it should be empty. I had used wubi to install earlier but have uninstalled. /dev/sda5 215206(total)/37545(used) Now, it means I need to choose sda5. Now how should I go about creating 3 partions for /(root), /home and /swap. Click edit partion and give size for each of them?

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• Restoring files from blueprint on command

  - by Nick

  I am setting up a server. I already have rented a machine running centOS 6 but I have run into a bit of a technical problem with configuring the server software: The server will have some files that it will try to read/write to them but what I need is a way to have a blueprint of these files and everytime the server restarts the files that it used get deleted and replaced by the blueprints. I have heared of a RAM disks or Virtual File Systems but didnt quite understand how they work or how to set them up. The server software is written in java which means bash commands can be run from it. I cannot modify what happens when the server shuts down entirely what I can do is run a command before the server runs the final shutdown save

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• How to change Winamp's default skin to Bento?

  - by glasnt

  If I install Winamp through automated means (e.g. Using http://ninite.com/), it is automatically installed using the default 'boxy' skin. I can't work out how to interface with this skin as easily as the new 'Bento' skin. In addition, there doesn't seem to be an option to download the Bento skin, or change the skin from Default to Bento without uninstalling and reinstalling it again. Is there a menu option or a downloadable skin that is the default Bento skin? Or do I have to re-install to get this 'new default' skin?

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• virsh console and tty size

  - by pehrs

  I have a virtualization server to which I connect over ssh. If I now change the size of the window it will automatically propagate to the server. It's most easily seen using stty -a, checking the columns and row values. I then use virsh console to connect to the serial interface on a KVM based virtual machine. When I now change the size of the window it does not propagate to the virtual server. This is most easily seen by checking stty -a, which is not updated on the virtual machine when I change window size. This means that line breaks does not work correctly in the terminal and any application that relies on window size for formatting (emacs, man, etc) gets messed up unless the window size on the client matches the default size on the server. A workaround is to manually set the window size to match the client window using stty, but I wonder if there is any way to get this information to propagate and set the window size in the virtual machine automatically.

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• When can an FTP server close its passive connections?

  - by Don Kirkby

  Does the FTP protocol allow the server to close any of its passive connections while the client is still connected? Can it tell when the client is finished receiving and then close the connection? I'm including an FTP server in my application using the pyftpdlib Python project. I've got it to work in active and passive mode, but I'm a bit concerned about when it closes its passive connections. I've tried connecting to it with both FileZilla and the default ftp command in Ubuntu, and in both cases, I get a new passive port for every request. That is, if I sit in the root folder and type ls 10 times, I use up 10 ports. This means that I have to allocate a big block of passive ports for the FTP server to use so it won't run out. As soon as the client disconnects, the server releases all the passive connections associated with that client and those ports can be reused. However, a long-running connection could use up a lot of ports.

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• Poppler installation

  - by Menopia

  I downloaded the new poppler 0.15 tar ball and i built it from source successfully but when trying dpkg -l | grep poppler it outputs ii libpoppler-dev 0.14.3-0ubuntu1.1 PDF rendering library -- development files ii libpoppler-glib-dev 0.14.3-0ubuntu1.1 PDF rendering library -- development files (GLib interface) ii libpoppler-glib4 0.12.4-1ubuntu1 PDF rendering library (GLib-based shared library) ii libpoppler-glib5 0.14.3-0ubuntu1.1 PDF rendering library (GLib-based shared library) ii libpoppler5 0.12.4-1ubuntu1 PDF rendering library rc libpoppler6 0.14.2.is.0.14.1-0ubuntu1 PDF rendering library ii libpoppler7 0.14.3-0ubuntu1.1 PDF rendering library ii poppler-utils 0.14.3-0ubuntu1.1 PDF utilitites (based on libpoppler) So AFAIK this means that the new version is not installed !!

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• Why is the size of windows off by 226x238 if defined via the Window Rules?

  - by Bobby

  I have installed Sawfish 1.8.2 from source on my new Ubuntu 12.04 installation following the Debian instructions, but I had this problem also with the stock 1.5.3. Whenever I define dimensions in the Window Rules for a window, the size is off by exactly 226x238 pixels, which means that 100x100 turns into 326x328. That's a very odd behavior, given that Sawfish is saving and loading the dimensions of the windows correctly (if saved via the window menu). Some additional system information: $ uname -a Linux Dagon 3.2.0-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 18:54:21 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux $ sawfish --version sawfish version 1.8.2 nvidia proprietary driver, 9600GT Two monitors, 1920x1080 + 1440x900 in one session. Positionng the windows is working fine, only the dimensions are off by that odd number. Does somebody have an idea why?

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