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  • Which programming languages aren't considered high-level?

    - by hilo
    In informatics theory I hear and read about high-level and low-level languages all time. Yet I don't understand why this is still relevant as there aren't any (relevant) low-level languages except assembler in use today. So you get: Low-level Assembler Definitely not low-level C BASIC FORTRAN COBOL ... High-level C++ Ruby Python PHP ... And if assembler is low-level, how could you put for example C into the same list. I mean: C is extremely high-level compared to assembler. Same even for COBOL, Fortran, etc. So why does everybody keep mentioning high and low-level languages if assembler is really the only low-level language.

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  • Skip List vs. Binary Tree

    - by Claudiu
    I recently came across the data structure known as a Skip list. They seem to have very similar behavior to a binary search tree... my question is - why would you ever want to use a skip list over a binary search tree?

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  • Raytracing (LoS) on 3D hex-like tile maps

    - by herenvardo
    Greetings, I'm working on a game project that uses a 3D variant of hexagonal tile maps. Tiles are actually cubes, not hexes, but are laid out just like hexes (because a square can be turned to a cube to extrapolate from 2D to 3D, but there is no 3D version of a hex). Rather than a verbose description, here goes an example of a 4x4x4 map: (I have highlighted an arbitrary tile (green) and its adjacent tiles (yellow) to help describe how the whole thing is supposed to work; but the adjacency functions are not the issue, that's already solved.) I have a struct type to represent tiles, and maps are represented as a 3D array of tiles (wrapped in a Map class to add some utility methods, but that's not very relevant). Each tile is supposed to represent a perfectly cubic space, and they are all exactly the same size. Also, the offset between adjacent "rows" is exactly half the size of a tile. That's enough context; my question is: Given the coordinates of two points A and B, how can I generate a list of the tiles (or, rather, their coordinates) that a straight line between A and B would cross? That would later be used for a variety of purposes, such as determining Line-of-sight, charge path legality, and so on. BTW, this may be useful: my maps use the (0,0,0) as a reference position. The 'jagging' of the map can be defined as offsetting each tile ((y+z) mod 2) * tileSize/2.0 to the right from the position it'd have on a "sane" cartesian system. For the non-jagged rows, that yields 0; for rows where (y+z) mod 2 is 1, it yields 0.5 tiles. I'm working on C#4 targeting the .Net Framework 4.0; but I don't really need specific code, just the algorithm to solve the weird geometric/mathematical problem. I have been trying for several days to solve this at no avail; and trying to draw the whole thing on paper to "visualize" it didn't help either :( . Thanks in advance for any answer

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  • Taking "do the simplest thing that could possible work" too far in TDD: testing for a file-name kno

    - by Support - multilanguage SO
    For TDD you have to Create a test that fail Do the simplest thing that could possible work to pass the test Add more variants of the test and repeat Refactor when a pattern emerge With this approach you're supposing to cover all the cases ( that comes to my mind at least) but I'm wonder if am I being too strict here and if it is possible to "think ahead" some scenarios instead of simple discover them. For instance, I'm processing a file and if it doesn't conform to a certain format I am to throw an InvalidFormatException So my first test was: @Test void testFormat(){ // empty doesn't do anything nor throw anything processor.validate("empty.txt"); try { processor.validate("invalid.txt"); assert false: "Should have thrown InvalidFormatException"; } catch( InvalidFormatException ife ) { assert "Invalid format".equals( ife.getMessage() ); } } I run it and it fails because it doesn't throw an exception. So the next thing that comes to my mind is: "Do the simplest thing that could possible work", so I : public void validate( String fileName ) throws InvalidFormatException { if(fileName.equals("invalid.txt") { throw new InvalidFormatException("Invalid format"); } } Doh!! ( although the real code is a bit more complicated, I found my self doing something like this several times ) I know that I have to eventually add another file name and other test that would make this approach impractical and that would force me to refactor to something that makes sense ( which if I understood correctly is the point of TDD, to discover the patterns the usage unveils ) but: Q: am I taking too literal the "Do the simplest thing..." stuff?

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  • Rewriting UNIX cal(1)

    - by dharmatech
    Hello, Today I was testing out SRFI 19 and wrote a simple version of the UNIX cal(1) command. Here's a version in R6RS Scheme which runs in Ikarus and Ypsilon. A few example runs. Schemers: How would you write it? Use your favorite implementation. Ruby and Python: I'm guessing that y'all have elegant date and time libraries. I'm sure you can put the Schemers to shame. ;-) Let's see what ya got. I'd also like to see Haskell and golfed versions. Is there a Stack Overflow tag for re-implementations of UNIX commands? :-) Ed

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  • Data validation best practices: how can I better construct user feedback?

    - by Cory Larson
    Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user. I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative. StackOverflow might not be the proper channel for diving into this subject, but like I've mentioned, we all run into this at some point or another. There are so many StackExchange sites now; if there is a better one, feel free to share! Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are: Content Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected? How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?) Grammar How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"? Delivery This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user? Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly? Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)? Logging Do you bother logging validation errors? Internationalization Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users? I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interest in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc. I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like. I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me.

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  • Code Golf - Banner Generation

    - by Claudiu
    When thanking someone, you don't want to just send them an e-mail saying "Thanks!", you want to have something FLASHY: Input: THANKS!! Output: TTT H H AAA N N K K SSS !!! !!! T H H A A NNN K K S !!! !!! T HHH AAA NNN KK SSS !!! !!! T H H A A N N K K S T H H A A N N K K SSS !!! !!! Write a program to generate a banner. You only have to generate upper-case A-Z along with spaces and exclamation points (what is a banner without an exclamation point?). All characters are made up of a 3x5 grid of the same character (so the S is a 3x5 grid made of S). All output should be on one row (so no newlines). Here are all the letters you need: Input: ABCDEFGHIJKL Output: AAA BBB CCC DD EEE FFF GGG H H III JJJ K K L A A B B C D D E F G H H I J K K L AAA BBB C D D EE FF G G HHH I J KK L A A B B C D D E F G G H H I J J K K L A A BBB CCC DD EEE F GGG H H III JJJ K K LLL Input: MNOPQRSTUVWX Output: M M N N OOO PPP QQQ RR SSS TTT U U V V W W X X MMM NNN O O P P Q Q R R S T U U V V W W X M M NNN O O PPP Q Q RR SSS T U U V V WWW X M M N N O O P QQQ R R S T U U V V WWW X M M N N OOO P QQQ R R SSS T UUU V WWW X X Input: YZ! Output: Y Y ZZZ !!! Y Y Z !!! YYY Z !!! Y Z YYY ZZZ !!! The winner is the shortest source code. Source code should read input from stdin, output to stdout. You can assume input will only contain [A-Z! ]. If you insult the user on incorrect input, you get a 10 character discount =P. I was going to require these exact 27 characters, but to make it more interesting, you can choose how you want them to look - whatever makes your code shorter! To prove that your letters do look like normal letters, show the output of the last three runs.

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  • method for specialized pathfinding?

    - by rlbond
    I am working on a roguelike in my (very little) free time. Each level will basically be a few rectangular rooms connected together by paths. I want the paths between rooms to be natural-looking and windy, however. For example, I would not consider the following natural-looking: B X X X XX XX XX AXX I really want something more like this: B X XXXX X X X X AXXXXXXXX These paths must satisfy a few properties: I must be able to specify an area inside which they are bounded, I must be able to parameterize how windy and lengthy they are, The lines should not look like they started at one path and ended at the other. For example, the first example above looks as if it started at A and ended at B, because it basically changed directions repeatedly until it lined up with B and then just went straight there. I was hoping to use A*, but honestly I have no idea what my heuristic would be. I have also considered using a genetic algorithm, but I don't know how practical that method might end up. My question is, what is a good way to get the results I want? Please do not just specify a method like "A*" or "Dijkstra's algorithm," because I also need help with a good heuristic.

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  • How to show validation messages in MVC?

    - by Ian Boyd
    When a user tries to click:        Save and they have entered in some invalid data, i want to notify them. This can be with methods such as: directing their attention to the thing that needs their attention with a balloon hint automatically dropping down a combo-box triggering an animation showing a modal dialog box etc What is the mechanism where a controller tells the view to show a validation message for some controls, given that different views have different notification methods? p.s. the controller doesn't know the order that controls are physically arranged in the view (e.g. LTR locale wants to notify the user in a top-down-left-to-right visual order, while RTL locale wants to notify the user in a bottom-up-right-to-left order)

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  • Code Golf: Word Search Solver

    - by Maxim Z.
    Note: This is my first Code Golf challenge/question, so I might not be using the correct format below. I'm not really sure how to tag this particular question, and should this be community wiki? Thanks! This Code Golf challenge is about solving word searches! A word search, as defined by Wikipedia, is: A word search, word find, word seek, word sleuth or mystery word puzzle is a word game that is letters of a word in a grid, that usually has a rectangular or square shape. The objective of this puzzle is to find and mark all the words hidden inside the box. The words may be horizontally, vertically or diagonally. Often a list of the hidden words is provided, but more challenging puzzles may let the player figure them out. Many word search puzzles have a theme to which all the hidden words are related. The word searches for this challenge will all be rectangular grids with a list of words to find provided. The words can be written vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. Input/Output The user inputs their word search and then inputs a word to be found in their grid. These two inputs are passed to the function that you will be writing. It is up to you how you want to declare and handle these objects. Using a strategy described below or one of your own, the function finds the specific word in the search and outputs its starting coordinates (simply row number and column number) and ending coordinates. If you find two occurrences of the word, you must output both's set of coordinates. Example Input: A I Y R J J Y T A S V Q T Z E X B X G R Z P W V T B K U F O E A F L V F J J I A G B A J K R E S U R E P U S C Y R S Y K F B B Q Y T K O I K H E W G N G L W Z F R F H L O R W A R E J A O S F U E H Q V L O A Z B J F B G I F Q X E E A L W A C F W K Z E U U R Z R T N P L D F L M P H D F W H F E C G W Z B J S V O A O Y D L M S T C R B E S J U V T C S O O X P F F R J T L C V W R N W L Q U F I B L T O O S Q V K R O W G N D B C D E J Y E L W X J D F X M Word to find: codegolf Output: row 12, column 8 --> row 5, column 1 Strategies Here are a few strategies you might consider using. It is completely up to you to decide what strategy you want to use; it doesn't have to be in this list. Looking for the first letter of the word; on each occurrence, looking at the eight surrounding letters to see whether the next letter of the word is there. Same as above, except looking for a part of a word that has two of the same letter side-by-side. Counting how often each letter of the alphabet is present in the whole grid, then selecting one of the least-occurring letters from the word you have to find and searching for the letter. On each occurrence of the letter, you look at its eight surrounding letters to see whether the next and previous letters of the word is there.

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  • Low latency programming

    - by Sambatyon
    I've been reading a lot about low latency financial systems (especially since the famous case of corporate espionage) and the idea of low latency systems has been in my mind ever since. There are a million applications that can use what these guys are doing, so I would like to learn more about the topic. The thing is I cannot find anything valuable about the topic. Can anybody recommend books, sites, examples on low latency systems?

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  • What problems have you solved using genetic algorithms/genetic programming?

    - by knorv
    Genetic algorithms (GA) and genetic programming (GP) are interesting areas of research. I'd like to know about specific problems you - the SO reader - have solved using GA/GP and what libraries/frameworks you used if you didn't roll your own. Questions: What problems have you used GA/GP to solve? What libraries/frameworks did you use? I'm looking for first-hand experiences, so please do not answer unless you have that.

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  • In what programing language are the things i actualy care about writin? [closed]

    - by David
    To be more specific and less subjective: In what language are video games like Halo 3/COD 4/ mario cart written? Microsoft word for windows? for mac? The animation software used by big movie studios to make movies like toystory and monsters inc? The software that helps pilots control the F22 raptor? The software that watches the stock market? The software in the computer in my car? The software that makes the internet work? (this one is a bit vague, if more specificness is needed then google specifically) robots?

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  • 3 dimensional bin packing algorithms

    - by BuschnicK
    I'm faced with a 3 dimensional bin packing problem and am currently conducting some preliminary research as to which algorithms/heuristics are currently yielding the best results. Since the problem is NP hard I do not expect to find the optimal solution in every case, but I was wondering: 1) what are the best exact solvers? Branch and Bound? What problem instance sizes can I expect to solve with reasonable computing resources? 2) what are the best heuristic solvers? 3) What off-the-shelf solutions exist to conduct some experiments with?

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  • Bitwise Interval Arithmetic

    - by KennyTM
    I've recently read an interesting thread on the D newsgroup, which basically asks, Given two signed integers a ∈ [amin, amax], b ∈ [bmin, bmax], what is the tightest interval of a | b? I'm think if interval arithmetics can be applied on general bitwise operators (assuming infinite bits). The bitwise-NOT and shifts are trivial since they just corresponds to -1 − x and 2n x. But bitwise-AND/OR are a lot trickier, due to the mix of bitwise and arithmetic properties. Is there a polynomial-time algorithm to compute the intervals of bitwise-AND/OR? Note: Assume all bitwise operations run in linear time (of number of bits), and test/set a bit is constant time. The brute-force algorithm runs in exponential time. Because ~(a | b) = ~a & ~b and a ^ b = (a | b) & ~(a & b), solving the bitwise-AND and -NOT problem implies bitwise-OR and -XOR are done. Although the content of that thread suggests min{a | b} = max(amin, bmin), it is not the tightest bound. Just consider [2, 3] | [8, 9] = [10, 11].)

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  • Decision Tree code golf

    - by Chris Jester-Young
    In Google Code Jam 2009, Round 1B, there is a problem called Decision Tree that lent itself to rather creative solutions. Post your shortest solution; I'll update the Accepted Answer to the current shortest entry on a semi-frequent basis, assuming you didn't just create a new language just to solve this problem. :-P Current rankings: 107 Perl 121 PostScript (binary) 136 Ruby 154 Arc 160 PostScript (ASCII85) 170 PostScript 192 Python 199 Common Lisp 214 LilyPond 222 JavaScript 273 Scheme 280 R 312 Haskell 314 PHP 339 m4 346 C 406 Fortran 462 Java 476 Java (well, kind of) 718 OCaml 759 F# 1741 sed C++ not qualified for now

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  • Scrape HTML tables from a given URL into CSV

    - by dreeves
    I seek a tool that can be run on the command line like so: tablescrape 'http://someURL.foo.com' [n] If n is not specified and there's more than one HTML table on the page, it should summarize them (header row, total number of rows) in a numbered list. If n is specified or if there's only one table, it should parse the table and spit it to stdout as CSV or TSV. Potential additional features: To be really fancy you could parse a table within a table, but for my purposes -- fetching data from wikipedia pages and the like -- that's overkill. The Perl module HTML::TableExtract can do this and may be good place to start for writing the tool I have in mind. An option to asciify any unicode. An option to apply an arbitrary regex substitution for fixing weirdnesses in the parsed table. Related questions: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/259091/how-can-i-scrape-an-html-table-to-csv http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1403087/how-can-i-convert-an-html-table-to-csv http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2861/options-for-html-scraping

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  • Solving the NP-complete problem in XKCD

    - by Adam Tuttle
    The problem/comic in question: http://xkcd.com/287/ I'm not sure this is the best way to do it, but here's what I've come up with so far. I'm using CFML, but it should be readable by anyone. <cffunction name="testCombo" returntype="boolean"> <cfargument name="currentCombo" type="string" required="true" /> <cfargument name="currentTotal" type="numeric" required="true" /> <cfargument name="apps" type="array" required="true" /> <cfset var a = 0 /> <cfset var found = false /> <cfloop from="1" to="#arrayLen(arguments.apps)#" index="a"> <cfset arguments.currentCombo = listAppend(arguments.currentCombo, arguments.apps[a].name) /> <cfset arguments.currentTotal = arguments.currentTotal + arguments.apps[a].cost /> <cfif arguments.currentTotal eq 15.05> <!--- print current combo ---> <cfoutput><strong>#arguments.currentCombo# = 15.05</strong></cfoutput><br /> <cfreturn true /> <cfelseif arguments.currentTotal gt 15.05> <cfoutput>#arguments.currentCombo# > 15.05 (aborting)</cfoutput><br /> <cfreturn false /> <cfelse> <!--- less than 15.05 ---> <cfoutput>#arguments.currentCombo# < 15.05 (traversing)</cfoutput><br /> <cfset found = testCombo(arguments.currentCombo, arguments.currentTotal, arguments.apps) /> </cfif> </cfloop> </cffunction> <cfset mf = {name="Mixed Fruit", cost=2.15} /> <cfset ff = {name="French Fries", cost=2.75} /> <cfset ss = {name="side salad", cost=3.35} /> <cfset hw = {name="hot wings", cost=3.55} /> <cfset ms = {name="moz sticks", cost=4.20} /> <cfset sp = {name="sampler plate", cost=5.80} /> <cfset apps = [ mf, ff, ss, hw, ms, sp ] /> <cfloop from="1" to="6" index="b"> <cfoutput>#testCombo(apps[b].name, apps[b].cost, apps)#</cfoutput> </cfloop> The above code tells me that the only combination that adds up to $15.05 is 7 orders of Mixed Fruit, and it takes 232 executions of my testCombo function to complete. Is there a better algorithm to come to the correct solution? Did I come to the correct solution?

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  • I18N: Does Time always come after Date?

    - by Ian Boyd
    Does the time always come after the date, with a space in between, in every culture on earth? i see that Microsoft FCL assumes that it does: public string get_FullDateTimePattern() { if (this.fullDateTimePattern == null) { this.fullDateTimePattern = this.LongDatePattern + " " + this.LongTimePattern; } return this.fullDateTimePattern; } Is this an assumption i can make in every development language for every culture?

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  • Why use "foo" in coding examples? [closed]

    - by ThePower
    Possible Duplicates: To foo bar, or not to foo bar: that is the question. Bit of a general question here, but it's something I would like to know! Whenever I am looking for resolutions to my C# problems online, I always come across "foo" being used as an example. Does this represent anything or is it just one of those unexplained catchy object names, used by many people in examples?

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  • Are preprocessors obsolete in modern languages?

    - by Earlz
    Hello, I'm making a simple compiler for a simple pet language I'm creating and coming from a C background(though I'm writing it in Ruby) I wondered if a preprocessor is necessary. What do you think? Is a "dumb" preprocessor still necessary in modern languages? Would C#'s conditional compilation capabilities be considered a "preprocessor"? Does every modern language that doesn't include a preprocessor have the utilities necessary to properly replace it? (for instance, the C++ preprocessor is now mostly obsolete(though still depended upon) because of templates.)

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  • Who likes short shorts?

    - by kiwicptn
    I got $2 change instead of $3 today and that got me thinking about short for some reason. What can do (these days ;-p) with a variable of the short primitive type (16 bits signed)? Any good reason to keep them around?

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  • Do fluent interfaces violate the Law of Demeter?

    - by Jakub Šturc
    The wikipedia article about Law of Demeter says: The law can be stated simply as "use only one dot". However a simple example of a fluent interface may look like this: static void Main(string[] args) { new ZRLabs.Yael.Pipeline("cat.jpg") .Rotate(90) .Watermark("Monkey") .RoundCorners(100, Color.Bisque) .Save("test.png"); } So does this goes together?

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