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• Are R&D mini-projects a good activity for interns?

  - by dukeofgaming

  I'm going to be in charge of hiring some interns for our software department soon (automotive infotainment systems) and I'm designing an internship program. The main productive activity "menu" I'm planning for them consists of: Verification testing Writing Unit Tests (automated, with an xUnit-compliant framework [several languages in our projects]) Documenting Code Updating wiki Updating diagrams & design docs Helping with low priority tickets (supervised/mentored) Hunting down & cleaning compiler/run-time warnings Refactoring/cleaning code against our coding standards But I also have this idea that having them do small R&D projects would be good to test their talent and get them to have fun. These mini-projects would be: Experimental implementations & optimizations Proof of concept implementations for new technologies Small papers (~2-5 pages) doing formal research on the previous two points Apps (from a mini-project pool) These kinds of projects would be pre-defined and very concrete, although new ideas from the interns themselves would be very welcome. Even if a project is too big or is abandoned, the idea would also be to lay the ground work so they can be retaken by another intern or intern team. While I think this is good in concept, I don't know if it could be good in practice, as obviously this would diminish their productivity on "real work" (work with immediate value to the company), but I think it could help bring aboard very bright people and get them to want to stay in the future (which, I think, is the end goal for any internship program). My question here is if these activities are too open ended or difficult for the average intern to accomplish and if R&D is an efficient use of an interns time or if it makes more sense for to assign project work to interns instead.

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• How to Generate a Create Table DDL Script Along With Its Related Tables

  - by Compudicted

  Have you ever wondered when creating table diagrams in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) how slickly you can add related tables to it by just right-clicking on the interesting table name? Have you also ever needed to script those related tables including the master one? And you discovered you have dozens of related tables? Or may be no SSMS at your disposal? That was me one day. Well, creativity to the rescue! I Binged and Googled around until I found more or less what I wanted, but it was all involving T-SQL, yeah, a long and convoluted CROSS APPLYs, then I saw a PowerShell solution that I quickly adopted to my needs (I am not referencing any particular author because it was a mashup): 1: ########################################################################################################### 2: # Created by: Arthur Zubarev on Oct 14, 2012 # 3: # Synopsys: Generate file containing the root table CREATE (DDL) script along with all its related tables # 4: ########################################################################################################### 5:   6: [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO') | out-null 7:   8: $RootTableName = "TableName" # The table name, no schema name needed 9:   10: $srv = new-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server("TargetSQLServerName") 11: $conContext = $srv.ConnectionContext 12: $conContext.LoginSecure = $True 13: # In case the integrated security is not used uncomment below 14: #$conContext.Login = "sa" 15: #$conContext.Password = "sapassword" 16: $db = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database 17: $db = $srv.Databases.Item("TargetDatabase") 18:   19: $scrp = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter($srv) 20: $scrp.Options.NoFileGroup = $True 21: $scrp.Options.AppendToFile = $False 22: $scrp.Options.ClusteredIndexes = $False 23: $scrp.Options.DriAll = $False 24: $scrp.Options.ScriptDrops = $False 25: $scrp.Options.IncludeHeaders = $True 26: $scrp.Options.ToFileOnly = $True 27: $scrp.Options.Indexes = $False 28: $scrp.Options.WithDependencies = $True 29: $scrp.Options.FileName = 'C:\TEMP\TargetFileName.SQL' 30:   31: $smoObjects = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UrnCollection 32: Foreach ($tb in $db.Tables) 33: { 34: Write-Host -foregroundcolor yellow "Table name being processed" $tb.Name 35: 36: If ($tb.IsSystemObject -eq $FALSE -and $tb.Name -eq $RootTableName) # feel free to customize the selection condition 37: { 38: Write-Host -foregroundcolor magenta $tb.Name "table and its related tables added to be scripted." 39: $smoObjects.Add($tb.Urn) 40: } 41: } 42:   43: # The actual act of scripting 44: $sc = $scrp.Script($smoObjects) 45:   46: Write-host -foregroundcolor green $RootTableName "and its related tables have been scripted to the target file." Enjoy!

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• How to document requirements for an API systematically?

  - by Heinrich

  I am currently working on a project, where I have to analyze the requirements of two given IT systems, that use cloud computing, for a Cloud API. In other words, I have to analyze what requirements these systems have for a Cloud API, such that they would be able to switch it, while being able to accomplish their current goals. Let me give you an example for some informal requirements of Project A: When starting virtual machines in the cloud through the API, it must be possible to specify the memory size, CPU type, operating system and a SSH key for the root user. It must be possible to monitor the inbound and outbound network traffic per hour per virtual machine. The API must support the assignment of public IPs to a virtual machine and the retrieval of the public IPs. ... In a later stage of the project I will analyze some Cloud Computing standards that standardize cloud APIs to find out where possible shortcomings in the current standards are. A finding could and will probably be, that a certain standard does not support monitoring resource usage and thus is not currently usable. I am currently trying to find a way to systematically write down and classify my requirements. I feel that the way I currently have them written down (like the three points above) is too informal. I have read in a couple of requirements enineering and software architecture books, but they all focus too much on details and implementation. I do really only care about the functionalities provided through the API/interface and I don't think UML diagrams etc. are the right choice for me. I think currently the requirements that I collected can be described as user stories, but is that already enough for a sophisticated requirements analysis? Probably I should go "one level deeper" ... Any advice/learning resources for me?

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• typesetting system

  - by itun

  All my life I used Microsoft Office on Windows for document writing and then Libre(Open)Office on Linux. This is not a bad software, but not perfect and I have some complaints. Now on my usual desktop I have Linux. I heard from people who work a lot with documents of different type and complexity (diagrams, articles, document design, presentation) that latex is a perfect thing. I have spent two days exploring Latex and my opinion as a beginner that it is out-of-date (the concepts of Latex language). The language is not intuitive and sometimes even complex. Can somebody advise another software product for document writing?

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• Python Web Applications: What is the way and the method to handle Registrations, Login-Logouts and Cookies? [on hold]

  - by Phil

  I am working on a simple Python web application for learning purposes. I have chosen a very minimalistic and simple framework. I have done a significant amount of research but I couldn't find a source clearly explaining what I need, which is as follows: I would like to learn more about: User registration User Log-ins User Log-outs User auto-logins I have successfully handled items 1 and 3 due to their simple nature. However, I am confused with item 2 (log-ins) and item 4 (auto-logins). When a user enters username and password, and after hashing with salts and matching it in the DB; What information should I store in the cookies in order to keep the user logged in during the session? Do I keep username+password but encrypt them? Both or just password? Do I keep username and a generated key matching their password? If I want the user to be able to auto-login (when they leave and come back to the web page), what information then is kept in the cookies? I don't want to use modules or libraries that handle these things automatically. I want to learn basics and why something is the way it is. I would also like to point out that I do not mind reading anything you might offer on the topic that explains hows and whys. Possibly with algorithm diagrams to show the process. Some information: I know about setting headers, cookies, encryption (up to some level, obviously not an expert!), request objects, SQLAlchemy etc. I don't want any data kept in a single web application server's store. I want multiple app-servers to be handle a user, and whatever needs to be kept on the server to be done with a Postgres/MySQL via SQLAlchemy (I think, this is called stateless?) Thank you.

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• Making particle bounce off a line with friction

  - by Dlaor

  So I'm making a game and I need a particle to bounce off a line. I've got this so far: public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis) //vec is velocity { Vector2f result = vec - 2f * axis * axis.Dot(vec); return result; } Which works fine, but then I decided I wanted to be able to change the bounciness and friction of the bounce. I got bounciness down... public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis, float bounciness) //Bounciness goes from 0 to 1, 0 being not bouncy and 1 being perfectly bouncy { var reflect = (1 + bounciness); //2f Vector2f result = vec - reflect * axis * axis.Dot(vec); return result; } But when I tried to add friction, everything went to hell and back... public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis, float bounciness, float friction) //Does not work at all! { var reflect = (1 + bounciness); //2f Vector2f subtract = reflect * axis * axis.Dot(vec); Vector2f subtract2 = axis * axis.Dot(vec); Vector2f result = vec - subtract; result -= axis.PerpendicularLeft() * subtract2.Length() * friction; return result; } Any physics guys willing to help me out with this? (if you're not sure what I mean with the friction of a bounce see this: http://www.metanetsoftware.com/technique/diagrams/A-1_particle_collision.swf)

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• Highly robust and scalable search server needed for managing and analyze files

  - by ChrisBenyamin

  Hi everybody, I am looking for a professional search server system with functionality, like e.g. solr http://lucene.apache.org/solr/ holds. Place of action should be a centralized location, whereon many hosts would request data. Furthermore the system should be extensible for implementing statistical procedures. (e.g. a kind of heatmap (or common diagrams) of a (or more) file(s) (which has a guid), that is spread on different hosts.) This software doesn't have to be opensource. thanks. chris

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• What is the value of workflow tools?

  - by user16549

  I'm new to Workflow developement, and I don't think I'm really getting the "big picture". Or perhaps to put it differently, these tools don't currently "click" in my head. So it seems that companies like to create business drawings to describe processes, and at some point someone decided that they could use a state machine like program to actually control processes from a line and boxes like diagram. Ten years later, these tools are huge, extremely complicated (my company is currently playing around with WebSphere, and I've attended some of the training, its a monster, even the so called "minimalist" versions of these workflow tools like Activiti are huge and complicated although not nearly as complicated as the beast that is WebSphere afaict). What is the great benefit in doing it this way? I can kind of understand the simple lines and boxes diagrams being useful, but these things, as far as I can tell, are visual programming languages at this point, complete with conditionals and loops. Programmers here appear to be doing a significant amount of work in the lines and boxes layer, which to me just looks like a really crappy, really basic visual programming language. If you're going to go that far, why not just use some sort of scripting language? Have people thrown the baby out with the bathwater on this? Has the lines and boxes thing been taken to an absurd level, or am I just not understanding the value in all this? I'd really like to see arguments in defense of this by people that have worked with this technology and understand why its useful. I don't see the value in it, but I recognize that I'm new to this as well and may not quite get it yet.

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• Project Management Software / 1 maybe 2 developers

  - by Ominus

  I am looking for software that I can use to "manage" multiple projects (5 - 10). Here are the features I would like but any recommendation is welcome. Bug/Feature tracking on a per project basis. Some way to keep all documents, diagrams, specs, requirements, in one place with the project. Better yet a tool where all these things or most of them could be authored. Task management during the development phase with milestones and estimates/actuals. Git integration I have been doing contract work and i have been doing really well for myself as far as getting projects but its becoming VERY hard to manage everything in an efficient manner. I am trying to learn about best practices when it comes to software programming methodologies and the more I read the more i realize that I am just managing these projects poorly. I am getting things done but the more I take on the less "solid" everything is. I am afraid if I don't get some good solid tools/practices in place I am going to do my customers and myself a disservice. The problem is that there are SO many options that its hard to weed through them all. I was at a point today where I had decided that I would just code my own (there is some irony here)! Obviously everyone has their likes dislikes I would love to hear from some of you lone programmers and how you manage everything since our needs aren't exactly the same thing that a large team might need. I also want a solution that can scale to 2 maybe 3 developers if I end up hiring some people to help with my work load. Thanks again for your usual insights!

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• How did we get saddled with the (hierarchical) filesystem as the basic data structure?

  - by user1936

  I'm self-taught and I don't have a CS degree. The more I've been learning about data structure, the more I wonder, in this day and age, how are we still saddled with the filesystem, with directories and files, as the basic data storage structure on the OS? I understand the simplicity of it, but it seems nowadays that there could be more options available natively. As far as I'm aware, the only project to improve the basic functionality of the filesystem was ReiserFS, where you could tell what line of a file was changed by whom, and when. For instance, if I could have native tagging for files, where I could tag images, diagrams, word-processing documents, an entire code repository, all as belonging to a single project, that would really be helpful to me. Since I'm stuck in the filesystem paradigm, I know that I could put all those into a single folder/directory, but what if they already exist in disparate directories, and they need to stay there? I know there are programs out there that can do this, but why aren't they on the filesystem? Something that would be nice to have is some kind of relational feature in the filesystem, like you get with RDBMSes. I understand that that was supposed to be part of Vista/7, but that fell off the feature list too. Sure, any program can store a binary file and have any data structure it wants in it, by why couldn't the OS offer more complex ways of storing data, beyond the simple heirarchy of the filesystem?

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• How to visualize code?

  - by gablin

  I've mostly only had to read my own code. As such, I've had no need to visualize the code as I already know how each and every class and module communicate with one another. But the few times I've had to read someone else's code - let us now assume we are talking about at least one larger module which contains several internal classes - I've almost always found myself wishing "This would have been so much easier to understand if I could just visualize it!" So what are the common methods or tools for enabling this? Which do you use, and why do you prefer them over the others? I've heard stuff like UML, module and class diagrams, but I imagine there are more. Furthermore, any of these is most likely better than anything I can devise on my own. EDIT: For those who answer with "Use pen and paper and just draw it": This isn't very helpful unless you explain this further. What exactly am I supposed to draw? A box for each class? Should I include the public methods? What about its fields? How should I draw connections that explain how one class uses another? What about modules? What if the language isn't object-oriented but functional or logical, or even just imperative (C, for instance)? What about global variables and functions? Is there an already-standardized way of drawing this, or do I need to think up of a method of my own? You get the drift.

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• Should I listen to my employer and use CASE tools?

  - by omsharp

  My employer (Not a Developer) thinks that CASE tools will help us improve our development process and documentation. I am not sure about that, we are a small team of 5 developers building mobile banking solutions for local clients. I think CASE tools will be a waste of time and money as they need to be purchased and we will need some time before we get used to them and be efficient working with them for modeling and stuff. Code generation is another issue, I really think that the CASE generated code won't be as good as code written by good developers. I think that if we stick with agile princeliness, design patterns, use TDD, and keep our code clean. we should be good. And as far as Analysis and Design, I think simple UML diagrams on whiteboard should do the trick. Documentation is good and important, but should be made as little as possible and we should not focus on Docs and forget the code. This is what i think. Am I correct? or should I listen to my employer and start researching for an appropriate CASE Tool?

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• 2D animations for Android, IOS, web

  - by David Phillips

  Working on Windows 7 platform, I'm interested in creating an app that could run on Android devices (phone or tablet), IOS devices (iPhone, iPad), and the web. First target would be Android. Do you remember those old Arthur Murray footstep diagrams to teach dancing? I want to do the same thing, but animate the steps, so the user can play them all, as well as step forward or backward thru them at their own pace. Perhaps one could generate an animated GIF and then play it on the platform. So there would seem to be two parts to this: 1) A good way to generate the animation images. I can, for example, see using SketchUp - something I know - for this. But is there something better it would be worth investing in? And, 2) How to play the result, including options for playback speed control, and even forward/backward stepping? Ideally a single, or easily adaptable player to the three different OS platforms.

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• Aligning Numbered Bullet Points in Word 2007

  - by Frustratedwithbullets

  Hello, I am putting together a very large business manual which incorportaes numbered heading, steps to follow, diagrams, etc. When using the bullet points, they align perfectly as I work through the processes. However when I include a diagram, or something different from the "norm" of text, the alignment changes. I would like all the bullets points to be aligned in the whole document regardless of where they appear in the document. Is there a way to save the settings so that the bullets always appear in the same position? Currently I am having to reset the indents by dragging the tabs on the ruler. This will be a large document, so I don't want to manually adjust the numbered bullets every time. Help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks very much.

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• Information I need to know as a Java Developer [on hold]

  - by Woy

  I'm a java developer. I'm trying to get more knowledge to become a better programmer. I've listed a number of technologies to learn. Instead of what I've listed, what technologies would you suggest to learn as well for a Junior Java Developer? I realize, there's a lot of things to study. Java: - how a garbage collector works - resource management - network programming - TCP/IP HTTP - transactions, - consistency: interfaces, classes collections, hash codes, algorithms, comp. complexity concurrent programming: synchronizing, semafores steam management metability: thread-safety byte code manipulations, reflections, Aspect-Oriented Programming as base to understand frameworks such as Spring etc. Web stack: servlets, filters, socket programming Libraries: JDK, GWT, Apache Commons, Joda-Time, Dependency Injections: Spring, Nano Tools: IDE: very good knowledge - debugger - profiler - web analyzers: Wireshark, firebugs - unit testing SQL/Databases: Basics SELECTing columns from a table Aggregates Part 1: COUNT, SUM, MAX/MIN Aggregates Part 2: DISTINCT, GROUP BY, HAVING + Intermediate JOINs, ANSI-89 and ANSI-92 syntax + UNION vs UNION ALL x NULL handling: COALESCE & Native NULL handling Subqueries: IN, EXISTS, and inline views Subqueries: Correlated ITH syntax: Subquery Factoring/CTE Views Advanced Topics Functions, Stored Procedures, Packages Pivoting data: CASE & PIVOT syntax Hierarchical Queries Cursors: Implicit and Explicit Triggers Dynamic SQL Materialized Views Query Optimization: Indexes Query Optimization: Explain Plans Query Optimization: Profiling Data Modelling: Normal Forms, 1 through 3 Data Modelling: Primary & Foreign Keys Data Modelling: Table Constraints Data Modelling: Link/Corrollary Tables Full Text Searching XML Isolation Levels Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs), Logical and Physical Transactions: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, Error Handling

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• Why is MediaWiki auto-linking the word “files”

  - by dfrankow

  Our MediaWiki installation is auto-linking the word "files". So Here are some files: a, b, c would result in the word "files" being linked to http://ourhost/mediawiki/files. Why is that happening and how do I make it stop? I can use the nowiki tag, but perhaps it does not surprise you that the word "files" appears often, and it is aggravating to use that tag all the time. Here is some info on our MediaWiki installation from Special:Version. Yes, it's old. Installed software Product Version MediaWiki 1.16.5 PHP 5.2.14-pl0-gentoo (apache2handler) MySQL 5.0.84 Installed extensions Parser hooks GoogleDocs4MW (Version 1.1) Adds tag for Google Docs' spreadsheets display Jack Phoenix SyntaxHighlight (Version 1.0.8.6) Provides syntax highlighting using GeSHi Highlighter Brion Vibber, Tim Starling, Rob Church and Niklas Laxström WebServiceSequenceDiagram(Version 1.0) Render inline sequence diagrams using websequencediagrams.com Eddie Olsson Other MWSearch MWSearch plugin Kate Turner and Brion Vibber Extension functions efLucenePrefixSetup Parser extension tags gallery, googlespreadsheet, html, nowiki, pre, sequencediagram, source and syntaxhighlight Parser function hooks anchorencode, basepagename, basepagenamee, defaultsort, displaytitle, filepath, formatdate, formatnum, fullpagename, fullpagenamee, fullurl, fullurle, gender, grammar, int, language, lc, lcfirst, localurl, localurle, namespace, namespacee, ns, nse, numberingroup, numberofactiveusers, numberofadmins, numberofarticles, numberofedits, numberoffiles, numberofpages, numberofusers, numberofviews, padleft, padright, pagename, pagenamee, pagesincategory, pagesize, plural, protectionlevel, special, subjectpagename, subjectpagenamee, subjectspace, subjectspacee, subpagename, subpagenamee, tag, talkpagename, talkpagenamee, talkspace, talkspacee, uc, ucfirst and urlencode

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• Is there a software like AutoCAD, but only 2D, not 3D?

  - by Saeed Neamati

  I love AutuCAD. It's powerful, easy to use, and fits engineering mind. It rocks when you want to draw 2D diagrams and shapes and one the cool features I like about it, is its snapping power. You draw a simple rectangle, then you can very easily create a circumscribe circle around it. However, new version of it are becoming really heavy (in size) and need high tech hardware, because of its powerful 3D capabilities, and rendering engines coming with it. I only want the 2D part of AutoCAD. Is there any software out there, which resembles AutoCAD (like having a console, where you can type L and get the line tool, or having snapping capability, etc.), but is small in size? In other words, what software can be named as AutoCAD 2D alternative?

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• Dependency diagramming / mapping tool [closed]

  - by Lars

  I am looking for a tool that allows me to easily create and maintain dependency maps of our mission critical servers, apps, processes, etc. It needs to be intuitive and easy to work with and be able to generate diagrams that clearly show the dependencies graphically. What would be some good tools for this? I have looked at videos for AssetGen Sysmap and BluePrint from Pathwaysystems.com, and they both seem to fit my needs, but there has got to be more good systems like them that I can look at. I want to make sure I pick the best system for our needs (and limited budget).

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• SourceMonitor Beta Test Version 3.3.2.261 now available

  - by TATWORTH

  Source Monitor is a useful independent utility for producing code metrics. Beta Test Version 3.3.2.261 has been released.Download and test Source Monitor beta (Version 3.3.2.261 - 2.30 MBytes)  via HTTP"The Beta page is at http://www.campwoodsw.com/smbeta.htmlHere is the official description of it>The freeware program Source Monitor lets you see inside your software source code to find out how much code you have and to identify the relative complexity of your modules. For example, you can use Source Monitor to identify the code that is most likely to contain defects and thus warrants formal review. Source Monitor, written in C++, runs through your code at high speed. Source Monitor provides the following: Collects metrics in a fast, single pass through source files.Measures metrics for source code written in C++, C, C#, VB.NET, Java, Delphi, Visual Basic (VB6) or HTML.Includes method and function level metrics for C++, C, C#, VB.NET, Java, and Delphi. Offers Modified Complexity metric option. Saves metrics in checkpoints for comparison during software development projects.Displays and prints metrics in tables and charts, including Kiviat diagrams.Operates within a standard Windows GUI or inside your scripts using XML command files.Exports metrics to XML or CSV (comma-separated-value) files for further processing with other tools.

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• Excel DataFlow UML Viewer/Navigator/Visualiser tool/ hint

  - by Arjang

  Not sure what to call it but, is there a birds eye view tool for excel to show the data flow between excel sheets/cels etc? I have inherited some huge reports and looking at each cell to see where it's data comes from or what sheet/cell dependencies it has is a nightmare. Or even just something with excel that show the dependencies within a sheet of cells to each other etc. Or Any other visualization tool that can show the data flow between cells ( I tried visio but it seemed it is only for making diagrams of data not the data model of excel itself ). Or at least if I am within a cell and see a formula referring to other sheets and cells, is there a quick way to navigate there and back? Like code navigation in VS? Thank you for your help

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• How to handle class dependency with interfaces and implementatons

  - by lealand

  I'm using ObjectAid with Eclipse to generate UML class diagrams for my latest Java project, and I currently have a handful of situations like this, where I have a dependency between two interfaces, as well as one of the implementations of one of the interfaces. Here, foo is the graphics library I'm using. In the previous example, FooCanvas draws ITexture objects to the screen, and both FooCanvas and its interface, ICanvas, take ITexture objects as arguments to their methods. The method in the canvas classes which cause this dependency is the following: void drawTexture(ITexture texture, float x, float y); Additionally, I tried a variation on the method signature using Java's generics: <T extends ITexture> void drawTexture(T texture, float x, float y); The result of this was a class diagram where the only dependencies where between the interfaces and the implementing classes, and no dependency by a canvas object on a texture. I'm not sure if this is more ideal or not. Is the dependency of both the interface and implementation on another interface an expected pattern, or is it typical and/or possible to keep the implementation 'isolated' from its interfaces dependencies? Or is the generic method the ideal solution?

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• Which order to define getters and setters in? [closed]

  - by N.N.

  Is there a best practice for the order to define getters and setters in? There seems to be two practices: getter/setter pairs first getters, then setters (or the other way around) To illuminate the difference here is a Java example of getter/setter pairs: public class Foo { private int var1, var2, var3; public int getVar1() { return var1; } public void setVar1(int var1) { this.var1 = var1; } public int getVar2() { return var2; } public void setVar2(int var2) { this.var2 = var2; } public int getVar3() { return var3; } public void setVar3(int var3) { this.var3 = var3; } } And here is a Java example of first getters, then setters: public class Foo { private int var1, var2, var3; public int getVar1() { return var1; } public int getVar2() { return var2; } public int getVar3() { return var3; } public void setVar1(int var1) { this.var1 = var1; } public void setVar2(int var2) { this.var2 = var2; } public void setVar3(int var3) { this.var3 = var3; } } I think the latter type of ordering is clearer both in code and in class diagrams but I do not know if that is enough to rule out the other type of ordering.

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• Abstracting functionality

  - by Ralf Westphal

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/08/22/abstracting-functionality.aspxWhat is more important than data? Functionality. Yes, I strongly believe we should switch to a functionality over data mindset in programming. Or actually switch back to it. Focus on functionality Functionality once was at the core of software development. Back when algorithms were the first thing you heard about in CS classes. Sure, data structures, too, were important - but always from the point of view of algorithms. (Niklaus Wirth gave one of his books the title “Algorithms + Data Structures” instead of “Data Structures + Algorithms” for a reason.) The reason for the focus on functionality? Firstly, because software was and is about doing stuff. Secondly because sufficient performance was hard to achieve, and only thirdly memory efficiency. But then hardware became more powerful. That gave rise to a new mindset: object orientation. And with it functionality was devalued. Data took over its place as the most important aspect. Now discussions revolved around structures motivated by data relationships. (John Beidler gave his book the title “Data Structures and Algorithms: An Object Oriented Approach” instead of the other way around for a reason.) Sure, this data could be embellished with functionality. But nevertheless functionality was second. When you look at (domain) object models what you mostly find is (domain) data object models. The common object oriented approach is: data aka structure over functionality. This is true even for the most modern modeling approaches like Domain Driven Design. Look at the literature and what you find is recommendations on how to get data structures right: aggregates, entities, value objects. I´m not saying this is what object orientation was invented for. But I´m saying that´s what I happen to see across many teams now some 25 years after object orientation became mainstream through C++, Delphi, and Java. But why should we switch back? Because software development cannot become truly agile with a data focus. The reason for that lies in what customers need first: functionality, behavior, operations. To be clear, that´s not why software is built. The purpose of software is to be more efficient than the alternative. Money mainly is spent to get a certain level of quality (e.g. performance, scalability, security etc.). But without functionality being present, there is nothing to work on the quality of. What customers want is functionality of a certain quality. ASAP. And tomorrow new functionality needs to be added, existing functionality needs to be changed, and quality needs to be increased. No customer ever wanted data or structures. Of course data should be processed. Data is there, data gets generated, transformed, stored. But how the data is structured for this to happen efficiently is of no concern to the customer. Ask a customer (or user) whether she likes the data structured this way or that way. She´ll say, “I don´t care.” But ask a customer (or user) whether he likes the functionality and its quality this way or that way. He´ll say, “I like it” (or “I don´t like it”). Build software incrementally From this very natural focus of customers and users on functionality and its quality follows we should develop software incrementally. That´s what Agility is about. Deliver small increments quickly and often to get frequent feedback. That way less waste is produced, and learning can take place much easier (on the side of the customer as well as on the side of developers). An increment is some added functionality or quality of functionality.[1] So as it turns out, Agility is about functionality over whatever. But software developers’ thinking is still stuck in the object oriented mindset of whatever over functionality. Bummer. I guess that (at least partly) explains why Agility always hits a glass ceiling in projects. It´s a clash of mindsets, of cultures. Driving software development by demanding small increases in functionality runs against thinking about software as growing (data) structures sprinkled with functionality. (Excuse me, if this sounds a bit broad-brush. But you get my point.) The need for abstraction In the end there need to be data structures. Of course. Small and large ones. The phrase functionality over data does not deny that. It´s not functionality instead of data or something. It´s just over, i.e. functionality should be thought of first. It´s a tad more important. It´s what the customer wants. That´s why we need a way to design functionality. Small and large. We need to be able to think about functionality before implementing it. We need to be able to reason about it among team members. We need to be able to communicate our mental models of functionality not just by speaking about them, but also on paper. Otherwise reasoning about it does not scale. We learned thinking about functionality in the small using flow charts, Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams, pseudo code, or UML sequence diagrams. That´s nice and well. But it does not scale. You can use these tools to describe manageable algorithms. But it does not work for the functionality triggered by pressing the “1-Click Order” on an amazon product page for example. There are several reasons for that, I´d say. Firstly, the level of abstraction over code is negligible. It´s essentially non-existent. Drawing a flow chart or writing pseudo code or writing actual code is very, very much alike. All these tools are about control flow like code is.[2] In addition all tools are computationally complete. They are about logic which is expressions and especially control statements. Whatever you code in Java you can fully (!) describe using a flow chart. And then there is no data. They are about control flow and leave out the data altogether. Thus data mostly is assumed to be global. That´s shooting yourself in the foot, as I hope you agree. Even if it´s functionality over data that does not mean “don´t think about data”. Right to the contrary! Functionality only makes sense with regard to data. So data needs to be in the picture right from the start - but it must not dominate the thinking. The above tools fail on this. Bottom line: So far we´re unable to reason in a scalable and abstract manner about functionality. That´s why programmers are so driven to start coding once they are presented with a problem. Programming languages are the only tool they´ve learned to use to reason about functional solutions. Or, well, there might be exceptions. Mathematical notation and SQL may have come to your mind already. Indeed they are tools on a higher level of abstraction than flow charts etc. That´s because they are declarative and not computationally complete. They leave out details - in order to deliver higher efficiency in devising overall solutions. We can easily reason about functionality using mathematics and SQL. That´s great. Except for that they are domain specific languages. They are not general purpose. (And they don´t scale either, I´d say.) Bummer. So to be more precise we need a scalable general purpose tool on a higher than code level of abstraction not neglecting data. Enter: Flow Design. Abstracting functionality using data flows I believe the solution to the problem of abstracting functionality lies in switching from control flow to data flow. Data flow very naturally is not about logic details anymore. There are no expressions and no control statements anymore. There are not even statements anymore. Data flow is declarative by nature. With data flow we get rid of all the limiting traits of former approaches to modeling functionality. In addition, nomen est omen, data flows include data in the functionality picture. With data flows, data is visibly flowing from processing step to processing step. Control is not flowing. Control is wherever it´s needed to process data coming in. That´s a crucial difference and needs some rewiring in your head to be fully appreciated.[2] Since data flows are declarative they are not the right tool to describe algorithms, though, I´d say. With them you don´t design functionality on a low level. During design data flow processing steps are black boxes. They get fleshed out during coding. Data flow design thus is more coarse grained than flow chart design. It starts on a higher level of abstraction - but then is not limited. By nesting data flows indefinitely you can design functionality of any size, without losing sight of your data. Data flows scale very well during design. They can be used on any level of granularity. And they can easily be depicted. Communicating designs using data flows is easy and scales well, too. The result of functional design using data flows is not algorithms (too low level), but processes. Think of data flows as descriptions of industrial production lines. Data as material runs through a number of processing steps to be analyzed, enhances, transformed. On the top level of a data flow design might be just one processing step, e.g. “execute 1-click order”. But below that are arbitrary levels of flows with smaller and smaller steps. That´s not layering as in “layered architecture”, though. Rather it´s a stratified design à la Abelson/Sussman. Refining data flows is not your grandpa´s functional decomposition. That was rooted in control flows. Refining data flows does not suffer from the limits of functional decomposition against which object orientation was supposed to be an antidote. Summary I´ve been working exclusively with data flows for functional design for the past 4 years. It has changed my life as a programmer. What once was difficult is now easy. And, no, I´m not using Clojure or F#. And I´m not a async/parallel execution buff. Designing the functionality of increments using data flows works great with teams. It produces design documentation which can easily be translated into code - in which then the smallest data flow processing steps have to be fleshed out - which is comparatively easy. Using a systematic translation approach code can mirror the data flow design. That way later on the design can easily be reproduced from the code if need be. And finally, data flow designs play well with object orientation. They are a great starting point for class design. But that´s a story for another day. To me data flow design simply is one of the missing links of systematic lightweight software design. There are also other artifacts software development can produce to get feedback, e.g. process descriptions, test cases. But customers can be delighted more easily with code based increments in functionality. ? No, I´m not talking about the endless possibilities this opens for parallel processing. Data flows are useful independently of multi-core processors and Actor-based designs. That´s my whole point here. Data flows are good for reasoning and evolvability. So forget about any special frameworks you might need to reap benefits from data flows. None are necessary. Translating data flow designs even into plain of Java is possible. ?

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• Visual Studio DataSet Designer Refresh Tables

  - by LnDCobra

  In visual studio datasource designer(The screen where you have all the UML Diagrams including relations) is there any way to refresh a table and its relations/foreign key constraints without refreshing the whole table? The way I am doing it at the moment is removing the table and adding it again. This adds all the relations and refreshes all fields. Also if I change a fields data type, is there a way to automatically refresh all the fields in the datasource? Again without deleting the table and adding it again. Reason for this is because some of my TableAdapters have quite a number of complex queries attached to them and when I remove the table the adapter gets removed as well including all its queries. I am using Visual Studio 2008 and connecting to a MySQL database.

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• Angle and Length of Wind Barb Flags

  - by Kristopher Johnson

  I am working on an application that displays surface winds. Wind speed and direction will be displayed using "wind barb" symbols, as described here: Plotted Winds My question: Are there any standards for the angles and lengths of the "flags" in relation to the the wind-barb "pole"? Eyeballing the diagrams I've seen, I think that an angle of 60 degrees and a flag length about a third as long as the pole length would look fine, but if there are any officially defined standards for these symbols, I'd like to follow them. Note: This app will not be used for navigation, so it is not very important that it look exactly like an official chart. I just don't want it to be ugly, or to look obviously wrong to a knowledgeable user.

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