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• Web Site Performance and Assembly Versioning

  - by capgpilk

  I originally wanted to write this post in one, but there is quite a large amount of information which can be broken down into different areas, so I am going to publish it in three posts. Minification and Concatination of JavaScript and CSS Files – this post Versioning Combined Files Using Subversion – published shortly Versioning Combined Files Using Mercurial – published shortly Website Performance There are many ways to improve web site performance, two areas are reducing the amount of data that is served up from the web server and reducing the number of files that are requested. Here I will outline the process of minimizing and concatenating your javascript and css files automatically at build time of your visual studio web site/ application. To edit the project file in Visual Studio, you need to first unload it by right clicking the project in Solution Explorer. I prefer to do this in a third party tool such as Notepad++ and save it there forcing VS to reload it each time I make a change as the whole process in Visual Studio can be a bit tedious. Now you have the project file, you will notice that it is an MSBuild project file. I am going to use a fantastic utility from Microsoft called Ajax Minifier. This tool minifies both javascript and css. 1. Import the tasks for AjaxMin choosing the location you installed to. I keep all third party utilities in a Tools directory within my solution structure and source control. This way I know I can get the entire solution from source control without worrying about what other tools I need to get the project to build locally. 1: <Import Project="..\Tools\MicrosoftAjaxMinifier\AjaxMin.tasks" /> 2. Now create ItemGroups for all your js and css files like this. Separating out your non minified files and minified files. This can go in the AfterBuild container. 1: <Target Name="AfterBuild"> 2:  3: <!-- Javascript files that need minimizing --> 4: <ItemGroup> 5: <JSMin Include="Scripts\jqModal.js" /> 6: <JSMin Include="Scripts\jquery.jcarousel.js" /> 7: <JSMin Include="Scripts\shadowbox.js" /> 8: </ItemGroup> 9: <!-- CSS files that need minimizing --> 10: <ItemGroup> 11: <CSSMin Include="Content\Site.css" /> 12: <CSSMin Include="Content\themes\base\jquery-ui.css" /> 13: <CSSMin Include="Content\shadowbox.css" /> 14: </ItemGroup>   1: <!-- Javascript files to combine --> 2: <ItemGroup> 3: <JSCat Include="Scripts\jqModal.min.js" /> 4: <JSCat Include="Scripts\jquery.jcarousel.min.js" /> 5: <JSCat Include="Scripts\shadowbox.min.js" /> 6: </ItemGroup> 7: <!-- CSS files to combine --> 8: <ItemGroup> 9: <CSSCat Include="Content\Site.min.css" /> 10: <CSSCat Include="Content\themes\base\jquery-ui.min.css" /> 11: <CSSCat Include="Content\shadowbox.min.css" /> 12: </ItemGroup>   3. Call AjaxMin to do the crunching. 1: <Message Text="Minimizing JS and CSS Files..." Importance="High" /> 2: <AjaxMin JsSourceFiles="@(JSMin)" JsSourceExtensionPattern="\.js$" 3: JsTargetExtension=".min.js" JsEvalTreatment="MakeImmediateSafe" 4: CssSourceFiles="@(CSSMin)" CssSourceExtensionPattern="\.css$" 5: CssTargetExtension=".min.css" /> This will create the *.min.css and *.min.js files in the same directory the original files were. 4. Now concatenate the minified files into one for javascript and another for css. Here we write out the files with a default file name. In later posts I will cover versioning these files the same as your project assembly again to help performance. 1: <Message Text="Concat JS Files..." Importance="High" /> 2: <ReadLinesFromFile File="%(JSCat.Identity)"> 3: <Output TaskParameter="Lines" ItemName="JSLinesSite" /> 4: </ReadLinesFromFile> 5: <WriteLinestoFile File="Scripts\site-script.combined.min.js" Lines="@(JSLinesSite)" 6: Overwrite="true" /> 7: <Message Text="Concat CSS Files..." Importance="High" /> 8: <ReadLinesFromFile File="%(CSSCat.Identity)"> 9: <Output TaskParameter="Lines" ItemName="CSSLinesSite" /> 10: </ReadLinesFromFile> 11: <WriteLinestoFile File="Content\site-style.combined.min.css" Lines="@(CSSLinesSite)" 12: Overwrite="true" /> 5. Save the project file, if you have Visual Studio open it will ask you to reload the project. You can now run a build and these minified and combined files will be created automatically. 6. Finally reference these minified combined files in your web page. In the next two posts I will cover versioning these files to match your assembly.

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• Why does my App.Config codebase not help .NET locate my assembly?

  - by pkolodziej

  I have the following client application and its corresponding config file: namespace Chapter9 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { AppDomain.CurrentDomain.ExecuteAssembly("AssemblyPrivate.exe"); } } } <configuration> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <codeBase href="file://C:\Users\djpiter\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\70536\AssemblyPrivate\bin\Debug\AssemblyPrivate.exe"/> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> </configuration> The AssemblyPrivate.exe does not have a public key, nor is it located in the GAC. As far as I know, the runtime should parse the app.config file before looking for an assembly in the client app directory. The unhandled exception (wrapped for readability) is: Unhandled Exception: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'file:///C:\Users\djpiter\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\70536\Chapter9\bin\Debug\AssemblyPrivate.exe' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. Why it is not working? I need to use dynamic binding (not static). Kind Regards, PK

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• How can I create an Assembly program WITHOUT using libraries?

  - by Newbie

  Hello. I've literally only just started looking to learn Assembly language. I'm using the NASM assembler on Windows Vista. Usually, when I begin to learn a new language, I'll copy someone else's Hello World code and try to understand it line-by-line. However, I'm finding it suprisingy difficult to find a Hello World program that doesn't reference other libraries! You see, there's no point trying to understand each line of the code if it is closely linked with a whole library of additional code! One of the reasons I want to learn Assembly is so that I can have near complete control over the programs I write. I don't want to be depending on any libraries. And so my question is this: Can anyone give me NASM-compatible Assembly code to a completely stand-alone Hello World program that can output to the Windows Vista console? Alternatively, I appreciate that a library may be required to tell the pogram WHERE to print the output (ie. the Windows console). Other than that, I can't see why any libraries should be required. Am I overlooking anything?

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• Confusion of the "stack" in Assembly-level programming

  - by Bigyellow Bastion

  What is the "stack" exactly? I've read articles, tried comprehending it through my understanding, experience, and educated guessing of programming and computers, but I'm a bit perplexed here. The "stack" is a region in RAM? Or is it some other space I'm uncertain of here? The processor pushes bits through registers on to the stack in RAM, or do I have it wrong here? Also, the processor moves the bits from the RAM to the register to "process" it, such as maybe a compare, arithmetic, etc. But what actually can help understand, in some visual or verbal description or both, of how to implement the idea of a "stack" here? Is the stack actually the same in terminology with a "machine stack" meaning it's in RAM? I'm sorry, I don't want to solicit debate or arguments, but I really could use some help here if anyone can straighten things out. TO ADD: I know what a software stack is. I know about LIFO, FIFO, etc. I just want to gain a better understanding of the Assembly-level stack, what it is, where it is, how exactly it works, etc. Thanks for reading!

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• Structure of a .NET Assembly

  - by Om Talsania

  Assembly is the smallest unit of deployment in .NET Framework.When you compile your C# code, it will get converted into a managed module. A managed module is a standard EXE or DLL. This managed module will have the IL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) code and the metadata. Apart from this it will also have header information.The following table describes parts of a managed module.PartDescriptionPE HeaderPE32 Header for 32-bit PE32+ Header for 64-bit This is a standard Windows PE header which indicates the type of the file, i.e. whether it is an EXE or a DLL. It also contains the timestamp of the file creation date and time. It also contains some other fields which might be needed for an unmanaged PE (Portable Executable), but not important for a managed one. For managed PE, the next header i.e. CLR header is more importantCLR HeaderContains the version of the CLR required, some flags, token of the entry point method (Main), size and location of the metadata, resources, strong name, etc.MetadataThere can be many metadata tables. They can be categorized into 2 major categories.1. Tables that describe the types and members defined in your code2. Tables that describe the types and members referenced by your codeIL CodeMSIL representation of the C# code. At runtime, the CLR converts it into native instructions

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• NDepend query methods/types in framework assembly being used by other assemblies/types

  - by icelava

  I am trying to determine which types or methods in a base framework assembly are being used by other assemblies in the application system. I cannot seem to find a straight-cut query to do that. What i have to do is first determine which assemblies are directly using the framework assembly, then manually list them in a second query SELECT TYPES FROM ASSEMBLIES "IBM.Data.DB2" WHERE IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:FirstDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:SecondDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:ThirdDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:FourthDirectUsedByAssebmly" Is there a better/faster way to query for this? Additionally, the query results are focused on the matched types only. The Dependency graph or matrix exported only shows details of those. I do not know how to render a graph that shows those types or methods plus show the dependent types/methods from other assemblies that are consuming them?

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• The maven assembly plugin is not using the finalName for installing with attach=true?

  - by Roland Wiesemann

  I have configured following assembly: <build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2-beta-5</version> <executions> <execution> <id>${project.name}-test-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <finalName>${project.name}-test</finalName> <filters> <filter>src/assemble/test/distribution.properties</filter> </filters> <descriptors> <descriptor>src/assemble/distribution.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> <attach>true</attach> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>${project.name}-prod-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <finalName>${project.name}-prod</finalName> <filters> <filter>src/assemble/prod/distribution.properties</filter> </filters> <descriptors> <descriptor>src/assemble/distribution.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> <attach>true</attach> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> This produced two zip-files: distribution-prod.zip distribution-test.zip My expectation for the property attach=true is, that the two zip-files are installed with the name as given in property finalName. But the result is, only one file is installed (attached) to the artifact. The maven protocol is: distrib-0.1-SNAPSHOT.zip distrib-0.1-SNAPSHOT.zip The plugin is using the artifact-id instead of property finalName! Is this a bug? The last installation is overwriting the first one. What can i do to install this two files with different names? Thanks for your investigation. Roland

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• Are their any suggestions for this new assembly language?

  - by Noctis Skytower

  Greetings! Last semester in college, my teacher in the Computer Languages class taught us the esoteric language named Whitespace. In the interest of learning the language better with a very busy schedule (midterms), I wrote an interpreter and assembler in Python. An assembly language was designed to facilitate writing programs easily, and a sample program was written with the given assembly mnemonics. Now that it is summer, a new project has begun with the objective being to rewrite the interpreter and assembler for Whitespace 0.3, with further developments coming afterwards. Since there is so much extra time than before to work on its design, you are presented here with an outline that provides a revised set of mnemonics for the assembly language. This post is marked as a wiki for their discussion. Have you ever had any experience with assembly languages in the past? Were there some instructions that you thought should have been renamed to something different? Did you find yourself thinking outside the box and with a different paradigm than in which the mnemonics were named? If you can answer yes to any of those questions, you are most welcome here. Subjective answers are appreciated! Stack Manipulation (IMP: [Space]) Stack manipulation is one of the more common operations, hence the shortness of the IMP [Space]. There are four stack instructions. hold N Push the number onto the stack copy Duplicate the top item on the stack copy N Copy the nth item on the stack (given by the argument) onto the top of the stack swap Swap the top two items on the stack drop Discard the top item on the stack drop N Slide n items off the stack, keeping the top item Arithmetic (IMP: [Tab][Space]) Arithmetic commands operate on the top two items on the stack, and replace them with the result of the operation. The first item pushed is considered to be left of the operator. add Addition sub Subtraction mul Multiplication div Integer Division mod Modulo Heap Access (IMP: [Tab][Tab]) Heap access commands look at the stack to find the address of items to be stored or retrieved. To store an item, push the address then the value and run the store command. To retrieve an item, push the address and run the retrieve command, which will place the value stored in the location at the top of the stack. save Store load Retrieve Flow Control (IMP: [LF]) Flow control operations are also common. Subroutines are marked by labels, as well as the targets of conditional and unconditional jumps, by which loops can be implemented. Programs must be ended by means of [LF][LF][LF] so that the interpreter can exit cleanly. L: Mark a location in the program call L Call a subroutine goto L Jump unconditionally to a label if=0 L Jump to a label if the top of the stack is zero if<0 L Jump to a label if the top of the stack is negative return End a subroutine and transfer control back to the caller exit End the program I/O (IMP: [Tab][LF]) Finally, we need to be able to interact with the user. There are IO instructions for reading and writing numbers and individual characters. With these, string manipulation routines can be written. The read instructions take the heap address in which to store the result from the top of the stack. print chr Output the character at the top of the stack print int Output the number at the top of the stack input chr Read a character and place it in the location given by the top of the stack input int Read a number and place it in the location given by the top of the stack Question: How would you redesign, rewrite, or rename the previous mnemonics and for what reasons?

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• Are there any suggestions for these new assembly mnemonics?

  - by Noctis Skytower

  Greetings! Last semester in college, my teacher in the Computer Languages class taught us the esoteric language named Whitespace. In the interest of learning the language better with a very busy schedule (midterms), I wrote an interpreter and assembler in Python. An assembly language was designed to facilitate writing programs easily, and a sample program was written with the given assembly mnemonics. Now that it is summer, a new project has begun with the objective being to rewrite the interpreter and assembler for Whitespace 0.3, with further developments coming afterwards. Since there is so much extra time than before to work on its design, you are presented here with an outline that provides a revised set of mnemonics for the assembly language. This post is marked as a wiki for their discussion. Have you ever had any experience with assembly languages in the past? Were there some instructions that you thought should have been renamed to something different? Did you find yourself thinking outside the box and with a different paradigm than in which the mnemonics were named? If you can answer yes to any of those questions, you are most welcome here. Subjective answers are appreciated! Stack Manipulation (IMP: [Space]) Stack manipulation is one of the more common operations, hence the shortness of the IMP [Space]. There are four stack instructions. hold N Push the number onto the stack copy Duplicate the top item on the stack copy N Copy the nth item on the stack (given by the argument) onto the top of the stack swap Swap the top two items on the stack drop Discard the top item on the stack drop N Slide n items off the stack, keeping the top item Arithmetic (IMP: [Tab][Space]) Arithmetic commands operate on the top two items on the stack, and replace them with the result of the operation. The first item pushed is considered to be left of the operator. add Addition sub Subtraction mul Multiplication div Integer Division mod Modulo Heap Access (IMP: [Tab][Tab]) Heap access commands look at the stack to find the address of items to be stored or retrieved. To store an item, push the address then the value and run the store command. To retrieve an item, push the address and run the retrieve command, which will place the value stored in the location at the top of the stack. save Store load Retrieve Flow Control (IMP: [LF]) Flow control operations are also common. Subroutines are marked by labels, as well as the targets of conditional and unconditional jumps, by which loops can be implemented. Programs must be ended by means of [LF][LF][LF] so that the interpreter can exit cleanly. L: Mark a location in the program call L Call a subroutine goto L Jump unconditionally to a label if=0 L Jump to a label if the top of the stack is zero if<0 L Jump to a label if the top of the stack is negative return End a subroutine and transfer control back to the caller halt End the program I/O (IMP: [Tab][LF]) Finally, we need to be able to interact with the user. There are IO instructions for reading and writing numbers and individual characters. With these, string manipulation routines can be written. The read instructions take the heap address in which to store the result from the top of the stack. print chr Output the character at the top of the stack print int Output the number at the top of the stack input chr Read a character and place it in the location given by the top of the stack input int Read a number and place it in the location given by the top of the stack Question: How would you redesign, rewrite, or rename the previous mnemonics and for what reasons?

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• Assembly.CodeBase: when is it no file-URI?

  - by Marc Wittke

  Assembly.Location gives a plain path to the assembly. Unfortunately this is empty when running in a shadowed environment, such as unit test or ASP.NET. Hovever, the Codebase property is available and provides a URI that can be used instead. In which cases it returns no URI starting with file:///? Or in other words: what are the cases in which this won't work or will return unusable results? Assembly assembly = GetType().Assembly; Uri codeBaseUri = new Uri(assembly.CodeBase); string path = codeBaseUri.LocalPath;

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• Hiding an internal interface in a "friend" assembly

  - by dmo

  I have two assemblies: A and B. A has InternalsVisibleTo set for B. I would like to make calls from A to get information that can only be known by a type defined in B in a way that keeps things internal. I can do this using an internal interface defined in A and implemented explicitly in B. Assembly A internal interface IHasData { Data GetData(); } class ClassA { DoSomething(IHasData); } Assembly B public abstract class ClassB : IHasData { Data IHasData.GetData() { /** do something internal **/ } } The trouble comes when someone references assembly B and derives from ClassB - they get the error: "The type 'AssemblyA.IHasData' is defined in an assembly that is not referenced" even though that type should be invisible to them. If I look at the public type definition I see what I expect - ClassB with no interfaces implemented. Why do I get this error? All of the implementation is in assembly B. I could use IHasData internally in ClassB and that wouldn't require assembly A to be referenced. Can someone help me understand what is going on?

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• Assembly Level Language? Unlock iPhone 3GS with latest Baseband. Need Opinion

  - by getkenny

  Hi Guys, So its more like advice i need. I got 2 iPhone 3GS (Bootloader 06.02 and BB 05.11) which are lying around useless cause it was bought it from US and now i am in Dubai. Cannot use the phone because there is no unlock. Now rather than waiting and relying on other people to provide a unlock for the baseband , i was thinking of learning what it takes to unlock a iPhone. I currently don't even know what i got to learn to do this. I understand from soem reading around that i will need to learn ARM to understand the baseband and try to find a exploit: is it correct? I really want to help people out in getting their iPhones working. Also the iPhones cost was $645 each (16GB) so its not like Apple is going to loose any money of it, the person who bought it for me thought that if your not buying with an AT&T contract it means that it is unlocked but it is not true. I need help, i am willing to learn and you guys are the best bunch around to give me advice. Regards.

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• Globalization, Localization And Why My Application Stopped Launching

  - by Paulo Morgado

  When I was localizing a Windows Phone application I was developing, I set the argument on the constructor of the AssemblyCultureAttribute for the neutral culture (en-US in this particular case) for my application. As it was late at night (or early in the dawn ) I went to sleep and, on the next day, the application wasn’t launching although it compiled just fine. I’ll have to confess that it took me a couple of nights to figure out what I had done to my application. Have you figured out what I did wrong? The documentation for the AssemblyCultureAttribute states that: The attribute is used by compilers to distinguish between a main assembly and a satellite assembly. A main assembly contains code and the neutral culture's resources. A satellite assembly contains only resources for a particular culture, as in [assembly:AssemblyCultureAttribute("de")]. Putting this attribute on an assembly and using something other than the empty string ("") for the culture name will make this assembly look like a satellite assembly, rather than a main assembly that contains executable code. Labeling a traditional code library with this attribute will break it, because no other code will be able to find the library's entry points at runtime. So, what I did was marking the once main assembly as a satellite assembly for the en-US culture which made it impossible to find its entry point. To set the the neutral culture for the assembly resources I should haveused (and eventually did) the NeutralResourcesLanguageAttribute. According to its documentation: The NeutralResourcesLanguageAttribute attribute informs the ResourceManager of the application's default culture, and also informs the ResourceManager that the default culture's resources are found in the main application assembly. When looking up resources in the same culture as the default culture, the ResourceManager automatically uses the resources located in the main assembly instead of searching for a satellite assembly. This improves lookup performance for the first resource you load, and can reduce your working set.

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• Maven: How to create assembly with snapshot artifacts without timestamps file name?

  - by marabol

  I've a repository containing snapshot artifacts with timestamps. I want to create an assembly, that contains the dependencies. This works fine. But the artifact names contains the timestamp. So i wonder how to remove the timestamp from filename for the assembly only. I've used this dependencySet: <outputFileNameMapping>${artifact.artifactId}-${artifact.version}.${artifact.extension}</outputFileNameMapping> But version seams to contain already the timestamp. So is there any chance to get a 1.1.1-SNAPSHOT instead of 1.1.1-20100323.071348-182?

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• How can I programmatically obtain the company info used to digitally sign an assembly in .NET?

  - by chaiguy

  As a means of simple security, I was previously checking the digital signature of a downloaded update package for my program against its public key to ensure that it originated from me. However, as I'm using cheap code signing certs (Tucows), I am unable to renew an existing cert and therefore the keys change every time I need to renew. Therefore, a more reliable means would be to verify the organization information embedded in the signed assembly (which is displayed in the UAC dialog) against my well-known organization string, as this will continue to be the same. Does anyone know how to obtain this information from a digitally-signed assembly?

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• How do I combine an unmanaged dll and a managed assembly into one file?

  - by Lasse V. Karlsen

  SQLite from PHX Software has combined a managed assembly (System.Data.SQLite) with an unmanaged dll (the SQLite 32- or 64-bit dll) into one file, and managed to link them together. How do I do this? Do I need to embed the managed assembly into the unmanaged dll, or vice versa? ie. my questions are: In which order do I need to do this? What tools or knowledge do I need in order to do this? How (if different) do I link to the exported functions from the unmanaged dll in my managed code? The reason I ask this is that I want to build a managed zLib wrapper. I know there is managed classes in .NET but from experience they're a bit limited (and a bit boneheaded in that they don't do proper buffering), so I'd like to create my own copy, also because I want to learn how to do this. So does anyone know what I need to do and how?

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• Is there an easy way to sign a C++ CLI assembly in VS 2010?

  - by jyoung

  Right now I am setting the Linker/Advanced/KeyFile option. I am getting the "mt.exe : general warning 810100b3: is a strong-name signed assembly and embedding a manifest invalidates the signature. You will need to re-sign this file to make it a valid assembly.". Reading from the web, it sounds like I have to set the delay signing option, download the SDK, and run sn.exe as a post build event. Surely there must be an easier way to do this common operation in VS2010?

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• Is it possible to include inline assembly in Google Go code?

  - by Ton van den Heuvel

  Is it possible to include inline assembly in Google Go code?

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• Are there a Code Conventions for Assembly (mainly PIC)?

  - by O Engenheiro

  Are there a Code Conventions for Assembly (mainly PIC)?

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• Sort an array via x86 Assembly (embedded in C++)?? Possible??

  - by Mark V.

  I am playing around with x86 assembly for the first time and I can't figure out how to sort an array (via insertion sort).. I understand the algorithm, but assembly is confusing me as I primarily use Java & C++. Heres all I have so far int ascending_sort( char arrayOfLetters[], int arraySize ) { char temp; __asm{ push eax push ebx push ecx push edx push esi push edi //// ??? pop edi pop esi pop edx pop ecx pop ebx pop eax } } Basically nothing :( Any ideas?? Thanks in advance.

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• Were the first assemblers written in machine code?

  - by The111

  I am reading the book The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles, which contains projects encompassing the build of a computer from boolean gates all the way to high level applications (in that order). The current project I'm working on is writing an assembler using a high level language of my choice, to translate from Hack assembly code to Hack machine code (Hack is the name of the hardware platform built in the previous chapters). Although the hardware has all been built in a simulator, I have tried to pretend that I am really constructing each level using only the tools available to me at that point in the real process. That said, it got me thinking. Using a high level language to write my assembler is certainly convenient, but for the very first assembler ever written (i.e. in history), wouldn't it need to be written in machine code, since that's all that existed at the time? And a correlated question... how about today? If a brand new CPU architecture comes out, with a brand new instruction set, and a brand new assembly syntax, how would the assembler be constructed? I'm assuming you could still use an existing high level language to generate binaries for the assembler program, since if you know the syntax of both the assembly and machine languages for your new platform, then the task of writing the assembler is really just a text analysis task and is not inherently related to that platform (i.e. needing to be written in that platform's machine language)... which is the very reason I am able to "cheat" while writing my Hack assembler in 2012, and use some preexisting high level language to help me out.

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• What does the ".align" x86 Assembler directive do exactly? [migrated]

  - by Sinister Clock

  I will list exactly what I do not understand, and show you the parts I can not understand as well. First off, The .Align Directive .align integer, pad. The .align directive causes the next data generated to be aligned modulo integer bytes 1.~ ? : What is implied with "causes the next data generated to be aligned modulo integer bytes?" I can surmise that the next data generated is a memory-to-register transfer, no? Modulo would imply the remainder of a division. I do not understand "to be aligned modulo integer bytes"....... What would be a remainder of a simple data declaration, and how would the next data generated being aligned by a remainder be useful? If the next data is aligned modulo, that is saying the next generated data, whatever that means exactly, is the remainder of an integer? That makes absolutely no sense. What specifically would the .align, say, .align 8 directive issued in x86 for a data byte compiled from a C char, i.e., char CHARACTER = 0; be for? Or specifically coded directly with that directive, not preliminary Assembly code after compiling C? I have debugged in Assembly and noticed that any C/C++ data declarations, like chars, ints, floats, etc. will insert the directive .align 8 to each of them, and add other directives like .bss, .zero, .globl, .text, .Letext0, .Ltext0. What are all of these directives for, or at least my main asking? I have learned a lot of the main x86 Assembly instructions, but never was introduced or pointed at all of these strange directives. How do they affect the opcodes, and are all of them necessary?

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• GAC Assembly Missing in Add Reference dialog

  - by Frederick

  I have an Interop assembly lying in GAC; Windows Explorer clearly shows it listed in the C:\WINDOWS\assembly folder. Yet, when I try to add a reference to it in from Visual Studio, I can't see it anywhere in the Add Reference dialog. If this is happened to you too, what is the reason for this? And how do I fix this? (The assembly is actually located in C:\WINDOWS\assembly\GAC_MSIL folder, if you must know.)

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• JSON.Net: deserializing polymorphic types without specifying the assembly

  - by Frank Schwieterman

  I see that using JSON.Net, I can decode polymorphic objects if a $type attribute specifies the specific type of the JSON object. In all the examples I've seen, $type includes the namespace. Is it possible to make this work including just a simple typename without the assembly? I'd be happy to specify a default assembly to the JsonSerializer if thats possible I am able to deserialize the JSON using: public class SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder : SerializationBinder { private readonly Assembly _assembly; private Dictionary _typesBySimpleName = new Dictionary(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); private Dictionary _simpleNameByType = new Dictionary(); public SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder(Assembly assembly) { _assembly = assembly; _typesBySimpleName = new Dictionary<string, Type>(); foreach (var type in _assembly.GetTypes().Where(t => t.IsPublic)) { if (_typesBySimpleName.ContainsKey(type.Name)) throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot user PolymorphicBinder on a namespace where multiple public types have same name."); _typesBySimpleName[type.Name] = type; _simpleNameByType[type] = type.Name; } } public override Type BindToType(string assemblyName, string typeName) { Type result; if (_typesBySimpleName.TryGetValue(typeName.Trim(), out result)) return result; return null; } public override void BindToName(Type serializedType, out string assemblyName, out string typeName) { string name; if (_simpleNameByType.TryGetValue(serializedType, out name)) { typeName = name; assemblyName = null;// _assembly.FullName; } else { typeName = null; assemblyName = null; } } } ... public static JsonSerializerSettings GetJsonSerializationSettings() { var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings(); settings.Binder = new SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder(typeof(MvcApplication).Assembly); settings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Objects; return settings; } .... var serializer = JsonSerializer.Create(settings); I haven't been able to make this work with MVC though, I'm configuring json deserialization per the code below in Application_Start, and the object is deserialized, but using the base type one. GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.Binder = new SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder(this.GetType().Assembly); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All; GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.TypeNameAssemblyFormat = FormatterAssemblyStyle.Simple;

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• Low level programming - what's in it for me?

  - by back2dos

  For years I have considered digging into what I consider "low level" languages. For me this means C and assembly. However I had no time for this yet, nor has it EVER been neccessary. Now because I don't see any neccessity arising, I feel like I should either just schedule some point in time when I will study the subject or drop the plan forever. My Position For the past 4 years I have focused on "web technologies", which may change, and I am an application developer, which is unlikely to change. In application development, I think usability is the most important thing. You write applications to be "consumed" by users. The more usable those applications are, the more value you have produced. In order to achieve good usability, I believe the following things are viable Good design: Well-thought-out features accessible through a well-thought-out user interface. Correctness: The best design isn't worth anything, if not implemented correctly. Flexibility: An application A should constantly evolve, so that its users need not switch to a different application B, that has new features, that A could implement. Applications addressing the same problem should not differ in features but in philosophy. Performance: Performance contributes to a good user experience. An application is ideally always responsive and performs its tasks reasonably fast (based on their frequency). The value of performance optimization beyond the point where it is noticeable by the user is questionable. I think low level programming is not going to help me with that, except for performance. But writing a whole app in a low level language for the sake of performance is premature optimization to me. My Question What could low level programming teach me, what other languages wouldn't teach me? Am I missing something, or is it just a skill, that is of very little use for application development? Please understand, that I am not questioning the value of C and assembly. It's just that in my everyday life, I am quite happy that all the intricacies of that world are abstracted away and managed for me (mostly by layers written in C/C++ and assembly themselves). I just don't see any concepts, that could be new to me, only details I would have to stuff my head with. So what's in it for me? My Conclusion Thanks to everyone for their answers. I must say, nobody really surprised me, but at least now I am quite sure I will drop this area of interest until any need for it arises. To my understanding, writing assembly these days for processors as they are in use in today's CPUs is not only unneccesarily complicated, but risks to result in poorer runtime performance than a C counterpart. Optimizing by hand is nearly impossible due to OOE, while you do not get all kinds of optimizations a compiler can do automatically. Also, the code is either portable, because it uses a small subset of available commands, or it is optimized, but then it probably works on one architecture only. Writing C is not nearly as neccessary anymore, as it was in the past. If I were to write an application in C, I would just as much use tested and established libraries and frameworks, that would spare me implementing string copy routines, sorting algorithms and other kind of stuff serving as exercise at university. My own code would execute faster at the cost of type safety. I am neither keen on reeinventing the wheel in the course of normal app development, nor trying to debug by looking at core dumps :D I am currently experimenting with languages and interpreters, so if there is anything I would like to publish, I suppose I'd port a working concept to C, although C++ might just as well do the trick. Again, thanks to everyone for your answers and your insight.

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