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• How can I create an external SSL wrapper/tunnel page for an insecure webpage behind a firewall?

  - by Ross Rogers

  I have an security cam with a built-in webpage inside my home network. That camera is using basic HTTP authentication instead of SSL. I want to be able to access the camera's webpage from outside my network, but I don't want to open an unencrypted video stream to the outside world. Right now, I'm doing some cumbersome ssh tunneling where I bounce off an ssh server like: ssh -N -L 9090:CAMERA_IP:80 [email protected] and then I connect to my web page like: http://localhost:9090 But this is a pain. Now, gentle reader, I beseech you to tell me how I can use linux (Ubuntu) to get a fully encrypted SSL connection to my internal web page without the hassle of creating an ssh tunnel each time. I believe I can use stunnel, but I'm not sure of the command.

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• Difference between Web.Config and Machine.Config File

  - by SAMIR BHOGAYTA

  Two types of configuration files supported by ASP.Net. Configuration files are used to control and manage the behavior of a web application. i) Machine.config ii)Web.config Difference between Machine.Config and Web.Config Machine.Config: i) This is automatically installed when you install Visual Studio. Net. ii) This is also called machine level configuration file. iii)Only one machine.config file exists on a server. iv) This file is at the highest level in the configuration hierarchy. Web.Config: i) This is automatically created when you create an ASP.Net web application project. ii) This is also called application level configuration file. iii)This file inherits setting from the machine.config

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• Secretara si seful

  - by interesante

  Un bancher discuta cu prietenul sau:- Iti inchipui, m-am indragostit de secretara mea!Ea are 20 de ani, eu 65! Ce crezi, sansele mele vor creste daca ii voi spune ca am 50?- Sansele tale vor creste daca ii vei spune ca ai 80!Vezi si alte chestii haioase pe profilul meu de pe acest siteProprietarul unu hotel era nelamurit la calcularea unei facturi. Se decide sa-si intrebe secretara.- Asa-i ca ai terminat Politehnica?- Da, ii raspunde secretara.- Bun, atunci spune-mi, daca ai avea 20.000 de dolari din care ai scadea 14%, cu ce ai mai ramane?- Cu nimic in afara de cercei!

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• Glume super amuzante

  - by haioase

  Un ardelean si un lepros stau in inchisoare. La un moment dat, leprosului ii cade o ureche... o ia si o arunca pe geam. Dupa un timp, leprosului ii cade nasul... il ia si il arunca pe geam. Dupa un timp, leprosului ii cade un deget... il ia si il arunca pe geam... Ardeleanul nu mai suporta: -No, dupa cum bag de sama, 'mneata vrei sa evadezi!– Nu va suparati, ce se da aici? - Nu stiu, domnule, stai sa întrebam. Întrebarea circula pâna la primul din rând. - Nu stiu. Mi s-a facut rau si m-am sprijinit de zid. Când mi-am revenit, era deja coada în spatele meu. - De ce nu pleci atunci? - Pai, acum ca sunt primu...

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• Can't see YouTube videos in either Firefox or Chromium

  - by williepabon

  Dont' know why or if it is related, after upgrading Ubuntu 10.04 kernel ( I guess from 2.6.32-38 to -42) I can's see youtube videos. I checked the flash plug-ins installed and I have: (1) flashplugin-installer, (2) flashplugin-nonfree and (3) flashplugin-nonfree-extrasound. I haven't reinstalled the browsers yet. Here's the code of the plugins installed: williepabon@raquel-desktop:~$ sudo lsb_release -a; uname -a; dpkg -l | egrep 'flash|gnash|swf|spark' [sudo] password for williepabon: No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS Release: 10.04 Codename: lucid Linux raquel-desktop 2.6.32-42-generic #95-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 25 15:57:54 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux ii flashplugin-installer 11.2.202.238ubuntu0.10.04.1 Adobe Flash Player plugin installer ii flashplugin-nonfree 11.2.202.238ubuntu0.10.04.1 Adobe Flash Player plugin installer (transit ii flashplugin-nonfree-extrasound 0.0.svn2431-3 Adobe Flash Player platform support library Any ideas to solve this issue? Thanks.

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• The graphical elements of UIKit – what format are they?

  - by Ross

  For standard interface elements of the Apple's UIKit, how do apple store them? Are they stored as cocca touch code, pdf, images or other? Thanks Ross

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• bitmap data as movie clip

  - by Ross

  Hi, I import my images with imageLoader.contentLoaderInfo.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, onComplete); imageLoader.load(imageRequest); and then try and cast as a movieclip: var newImage:MovieClip = imageLoader.content as MovieClip; addChild(newImage); i keep getting errors, is this possible? Thanks, Ross

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• Calling methods or functions with Jquery

  - by Ross

  So I can call a php page using jquery $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "refresh_news_image.php", data: "name=" + name, success: function(html) { alert(html) $('div.imageHolder').html(html); } }); However this getting a bit messy, I have a few .php files that only really preform very simple tasks. If I want to call a method $images-refresh_image(); is this possible. Failing that I could just create a big file with lots of functions in it? Thanks, Ross

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• How to convert between Enums where values share the same names ?

  - by Ross Watson

  Hi, if I want to convert between two Enum types, the values of which, I hope, have the same names, is there a neat way, or do I have to do it like this...? enum colours_a { red, blue, green } enum colours_b { yellow, red, blue, green } static void Main(string[] args) { colours_a a = colours_a.red; colours_b b; //b = a; b = (colours_b)Enum.Parse(typeof(colours_b), a.ToString()); } Thanks, Ross

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• Memory layout of executable

  - by Ross

  Hi all, When loading an executable then segments like the code, data, bss and so on need to be placed in memory. I am just wondering, if someone could tell me where on a standard x86 for example the libc library is placed. Is that at the top or bottom of memory. My guess is at the bottom, close to the application code, ie., that would look something like this here: --------- 0x1000 Stack | V ^ | Heap ---------- Data + BSS ---------- App Code ---------- libc ---------- 0x0000 Thanks a lot, Ross

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• Most effective way to draw 4 lines on a screen?

  - by Ross

  basic question, but I'm unsure: I want to draw 4 short lines 1px lines on a view. What is the best way to approach this task? Options:- Load an image of the line, can create 4 UIImageViews with it. Create my own subclass of a UIView that draws a line in the draw rect method. Draw elsewhere on another view, another UIImageView that has an UIImage inside it (is this possible?) Another way? Thanks Ross

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• Run script after switching user account "to the same account"

  - by Peter Sivák

  In Ubuntu, when I click on Switch User Account... and then choose the same account to log in (for example if my name is John Smith, I click on switch user account and then log into the John Smith account again), how can I run a script after that? (I know, that I can run a script after "first" login by putting it in /etc/profile file, but this script is not executed again when I choose switch user account and then immediately log in back to the same account.)

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• GDL Presents: Women Techmakers with JESS3

  GDL Presents: Women Techmakers with JESS3 Join Leslie, COO and Co-founder of JESS3, in conversation with Megan Smith and Betsy Masiello, as they discuss Leslie's experience growing a design business from two employees to a transnational operation. Hosts: Megan Smith - Vice President, Google [x] | Betsy Masiello - Policy Manager Guest: Leslie Bradshaw - President, COO and Co-founder, JESS3 From: GoogleDevelopers Views: 0 3 ratings Time: 01:00:00 More in Science & Technology

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• How to count the most recent value based on multiple criteria?

  - by Andrew

  I keep a log of phone calls like the following where the F column is LVM = Left Voice Mail, U = Unsuccessful, S = Successful. A1 1 B1 Smith C1 John D1 11/21/2012 E1 8:00 AM F1 LVM A2 2 B2 Smith C2 John D2 11/22/2012 E1 8:15 AM F2 U A3 3 B3 Harvey C3 Luke D3 11/22/2012 E1 8:30 AM F3 S A4 4 B4 Smith C4 John D4 11/22/2012 E1 9:00 AM F4 S A5 5 B5 Smith C5 John D5 11/23/2012 E5 8:00 AM F5 LVM This is a small sample. I actually have over 700 entries. In my line of work, it is important to know how many unsuccessful (LVM or U) calls I have made since the last Successful one (S). Since values in the F column can repeat, I need to take into consideration both the B and C column. Also, since I can make a successful call with a client and then be trying to contact them again, I need to be able to count from the last successful call. My G column is completely open which is where I would like to put a running total for each client (G5 would = 1 ideally while G4 = 0, G3 = 0, G2 = 2, G1 = 1 but I want these values calculated automatically so that I do not have scroll through 700 names).

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• MS Word 2010: Hide citation title when 2 publications by same first author from different years are in one citation block

  - by srunni

  I'm trying to hide the display of the titles for two publications by the same first author from different years that are in the same citation block. By default, the title is shown in citations when there are two publications by the same author in a given document. The easiest way to get around this is to right click on the citation, click "Edit Citation", and then suppress the title. However, the issue with this is that if there are 2 citations in 1 citation block (i.e., "(Smith, J., et al. 2010, Smith, J., et al. 2011)" rather than "(Smith, J., et al. 2010) (Smith, J., et al. 2011)"), then using that suppress option only suppresses the title for the first citation (in this case, the 2010 publication). OTOH, if I try to initially insert the publications in separate citation blocks, I can suppress the title in both citations, but I can't cut and paste one into the other's citation block. I can click "Cut" and the citation that was just cut disappears, but the "Paste" option is not available when my cursor is in the second citation block. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Problem with displaying and downloading email attachments using the zend framework

  - by Ali

  Hi guys I'm trying to display emails in my inbox and their respective attachments. At the same time I also wish to be able to download the attachments however I'm kinda stuck here. Here is the code I use to display the attachments: $one_message = $mail->getMessage($i); $one_message->id = $i; $one_message->UID = $mail->getUniqueId($i); // get the contact of this message $email = array_pop(extract_emails_from($one_message->from)); $one_message->contactFrom = $contact_manager->get_person_from_email($email); $one_message->parts = array(); foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($mail->getMessage($i)) as $ii=>$part) { try { $tpart = $part; $one_message->parts[$ii] = $tpart; // put the part of the message indexed with what I assume is its position if (strtok($part->contentType, ';') == 'text/html') { $b = $part->getContent(); $h2t->set_html($b); $one_message->body = $h2t->get_text(); } if (strtok($part->contentType, ';') == 'text/plain') { $b = $part->getContent(); $one_message->body = $part->getContent(); } } catch (Zend_Mail_Exception $e) { // ignore } } And I display the attachments using the following link: ?action=download&element=email-attachment&box=inbox&uid=<?php echo $one_message->UID;?>&id=<?php echo $one_message->id;?>&part=<?php echo $ii;?> The part variable is the index taken from the loop above However when I try to download using the exact same code as above modified slightly: $id = $_GET['id']; $pid = $_GET['part']; $one_message = $mail->getMessage($id); foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($mail->getMessage($id)) as $ii=>$part) { if($pid == $ii): $content = base64_decode($part->getContent()); $cnt_typ = explode(";" , $part->contentType); $name = explode("=",$cnt_typ[1]); $filename = $name[1];//It is the file name of the attachement in browser //This for avoiding " from the file name when sent from yahoomail $filename = str_replace('"'," ",$filename); $filename = trim($filename); header("Cache-Control: public"); header("Content-Type: ".$cn_typ[1]); header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"" . $filename . "\""); header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary"); echo $content; exit; endif; } For some reason it doesn't work at all. I did a var dump and noticed that in the for loop with the reverseiterator teh indexes $ii returned are 1 - 2 - 2 !! Whats going on here how can the indexes be repeated? How can I tell one part from the others?

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• VMware ARP/Mac Networking

  - by Ross Wilson

  Hi Guys, I am very interested in how VMware networking works. I have scoured the VMware website and read their data sheets, this has given me some basic knowledge. I now have some questions. Lets assume that we have a physical server running the VMware hypervisor. The physical server is running a Virtual Machine. The physical box has one physical NIC. The NIC is connected to a switch, as so is a desktop client. Now, this is where my first question lies. The VM has an IP address: 192.168.1.1. How do desktop clients on the network communicate with this VM? So, the client pings 192.168.1.1. The ping packet is sent to the switch. The switch checks its MAC address table and sees that 192.168.1.1 is associated with the MAC address of the physical NIC. Correct? I then assume that the ping packet is sent to the server's physical NIC, where the hypervisor routes the packet to the VM thats using 192.168.1.1? Please could you give me a run down as to how VM networking works? Many thanks, Ross

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• How can I select the pixels from an image in opencv?

  - by ajith

  This is refined version of my previous question. Actually I want to do following operation... summation for all k|(i,j)?wk [(Ii-µk)*(Ij-µk)], where wk is a 3X3 window, µk is the mean of wk, Ii & Ij are the intensities of the image at i and j. I dont know how to select Ii & Ij separately from an image which is 2 dimensional[Iij]...or does the equation mean anything else?

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• context.getContextResolved appliaction stopped - begginner in java

  - by Szymad

  I have a problem with my app. I'm trying to execute query, but app stops every time. This error occurs while trying to execute query. I'm learing from Android Pro 3 book, but code presented in this book is deprecated. package com.example.contactsabuout; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.provider.Contacts; import android.provider.ContactsContract; import android.app.Activity; import android.database.Cursor; import android.util.Log; import android.content.Context; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private static Context context; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); MainActivity.context = getApplicationContext(); Log.v("INFO", "Completed: onCreate."); } public static Context getAppContext() { return MainActivity.context; } public void doQuery(View view) { Uri peopleBaseUri = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI; Log.v("II","Button clicked."); Log.v("II", "Uri for ContactsContract.Contacts: " + peopleBaseUri); Context context = getAppContext(); Log.v("II", "Got context: " + context); Cursor cur; Log.v("II", "Created cursor: cur"); cur = context.getContentResolver().query(peopleBaseUri, null, null, null, null); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } } FROM LogCat 10-28 17:45:02.513: V/INFO(4677): Completed: onCreate. 10-28 17:45:02.613: D/libEGL(4677): loaded /system/lib/egl/libGLES_android.so 10-28 17:45:02.653: D/libEGL(4677): loaded /system/lib/egl/libEGL_adreno200.so 10-28 17:45:02.723: D/libEGL(4677): loaded /system/lib/egl/libGLESv1_CM_adreno200.so 10-28 17:45:02.723: D/libEGL(4677): loaded /system/lib/egl/libGLESv2_adreno200.so 10-28 17:45:03.014: I/Adreno200-EGLSUB(4677): <ConfigWindowMatch:2078>: Format RGBA_8888. 10-28 17:45:03.054: D/OpenGLRenderer(4677): Enabling debug mode 0 10-28 17:45:03.254: D/OpenGLRenderer(4677): has fontRender patch 10-28 17:45:03.274: D/OpenGLRenderer(4677): has fontRender patch 10-28 17:45:12.873: V/II(4677): Button clicked. 10-28 17:45:12.873: V/II(4677): Uri for ContactsContract.Contacts: content://com.android.contacts/contacts, rest will be null 10-28 17:45:12.873: V/II(4677): Got context: android.app.Application@40d83d90 10-28 17:45:12.873: V/II(4677): Created cursor: cur 10-28 17:45:12.933: D/AndroidRuntime(4677): Shutting down VM 10-28 17:45:12.933: W/dalvikvm(4677): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x40aaf228) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method of the activity 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3071) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:3538) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:14330) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:608) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:156) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4977) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:784) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:551) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3066) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): ... 11 more 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: reading com.android.providers.contacts.HtcContactsProvider2 uri content://com.android.contacts/contacts from pid=4677, uid=10155 requires android.permission.READ_CONTACTS 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1332) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:182) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:136) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.content.ContentProviderProxy.query(ContentProviderNative.java:406) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at android.content.ContentResolver.query(ContentResolver.java:315) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): at com.example.contactsabuout.MainActivity.doQuery(MainActivity.java:47) 10-28 17:45:12.953: E/AndroidRuntime(4677): ... 14 more I'm trying to learn android.

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• how to use iterator in c++?

  - by tsubasa

  I'm trying to calculate distance between 2 points. The 2 points I stored in a vector in c++: (0,0) and (1,1). I'm supposed to get results as 0 1.4 1.4 0 but the actual result that I got is 0 1 -1 0 I think there's something wrong with the way I use iterator in vector. Could somebody help? I posted the code below. typedef struct point { float x; float y; } point; float distance(point *p1, point *p2) { return sqrt((p1->x - p2->x)*(p1->x - p2->x) + (p1->y - p2->y)*(p1->y - p2->y)); } int main() { vector <point> po; point p1; p1.x=0; p1.y=0; point p2; p2.x=1; p2.y=1; po.push_back(p1); po.push_back(p2); vector <point>::iterator ii; vector <point>::iterator jj; for (ii=po.begin(); ii!=po.end(); ii++) { for (jj=po.begin(); jj!=po.end(); jj++) { cout<<distance(ii,jj)<<" "; } } return 0; }

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• How can i interpret a time value in ascii into a numerical value?

  - by Bilal

  I have a file which is as follows: 15:03:21 II 0.88 0.64 15:03:31 II 0.88 0.64 15:03:42 II 0.40 0.40 etc. after loading the file in matlab, I want to be able to read the first column (which corresponds to time) and interpret them as numerical values. At the moment, they are interpreted as a string of ascii characters and i can't perform any mathematical operations on them. Does anyone have any suggestions as to how i can read the time as numbers instead of a string of ascii characters?

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• Association end is not mapped in ADO entity framework

  - by Sean

  I am just starting out with ADO.net Entity Framework I have mapped two tables together and receive the following error: Error 1 Error 11010: Association End 'OperatorAccess' is not mapped. E:\Visual Studio\projects\Brandi II\Brandi II\Hospitals.edmx 390 11 Brandi II Not sure what it is I am doing wrong

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• base class , inheritate class sizeof()

  - by user1279988

  why sizeof(X) is 4 and sizeof(Y) is 8? and another question, in class X, only the int(i) count as sizeof() 4? member function does take any memory space? Plz tell me, thanks! class X { int i; public: X() { i = 0; } void set(int ii) { i = ii; } int read() const { return i; } int permute() { return i = i * 47; } }; class Y : public X { int i; // Different from X's i public: Y() { i = 0; } int change() { i = permute(); // Different name call return i; } void set(int ii) { i = ii; X::set(ii); // Same-name function call } }; cout << "sizeof(X) = " << sizeof(X) << endl; cout << "sizeof(Y) = "

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• To ref or not to ref

  - by nmarun

  So the question is what is the point of passing a reference type along with the ref keyword? I have an Employee class as below: 1: public class Employee 2: { 3: public string FirstName { get; set; } 4: public string LastName { get; set; } 5:  6: public override string ToString() 7: { 8: return string.Format("{0}-{1}", FirstName, LastName); 9: } 10: } In my calling class, I say: 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee.FirstName = "Smith"; 18: employee.LastName = "Doe"; 19: } 20: }   After having a look at the code, you’ll probably say, Well, an instance of a class gets passed as a reference, so any changes to the instance inside the CallSomeMethod, actually modifies the original object. Hence the output will be ‘John-Doe’ on the first call and ‘Smith-Doe’ on the second. And you’re right: So the question is what’s the use of passing this Employee parameter as a ref? 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(ref employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(ref Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee.FirstName = "Smith"; 18: employee.LastName = "Doe"; 19: } 20: } The output is still the same: Ok, so is there really a need to pass a reference type using the ref keyword? I’ll remove the ‘ref’ keyword and make one more change to the CallSomeMethod method. 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee = new Employee 18: { 19: FirstName = "Smith", 20: LastName = "John" 21: }; 22: } 23: } In line 17 you’ll see I’ve ‘new’d up the incoming Employee parameter and then set its properties to new values. The output tells me that the original instance of the Employee class does not change. Huh? But an instance of a class gets passed by reference, so why did the values not change on the original instance or how do I keep the two instances in-sync all the times? Aah, now here’s the answer. In order to keep the objects in sync, you pass them using the ‘ref’ keyword. 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(ref employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(ref Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee = new Employee 18: { 19: FirstName = "Smith", 20: LastName = "John" 21: }; 22: } 23: } Viola! Now, to prove it beyond doubt, I said, let me try with another reference type: string. 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: string name = "abc"; 6: Console.WriteLine(name); 7: CallSomeMethod(ref name); 8: Console.WriteLine(name); 9: } 10:  11: private static void CallSomeMethod(ref string name) 12: { 13: name = "def"; 14: } 15: } The output was as expected, first ‘abc’ and then ‘def’ - proves the 'ref' keyword works here as well. Now, what if I remove the ‘ref’ keyword? The output should still be the same as the above right, since string is a reference type? 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: string name = "abc"; 6: Console.WriteLine(name); 7: CallSomeMethod(name); 8: Console.WriteLine(name); 9: } 10:  11: private static void CallSomeMethod(string name) 12: { 13: name = "def"; 14: } 15: } Wrong, the output shows ‘abc’ printed twice. Wait a minute… now how could this be? This is because string is an immutable type. This means that any time you modify an instance of string, new memory address is allocated to the instance. The effect is similar to ‘new’ing up the Employee instance inside the CallSomeMethod in the absence of the ‘ref’ keyword. Verdict: ref key came to the rescue and saved the planet… again!

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• SQLAuthority News Free eBook Download Introducing Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2

  Microsoft Press has published FREE eBook on the most awaiting release of SQL Server 2008 R2. The book is written by Ross Mistry and Stacia Misner. Ross is my personal friend and one of the most active book writer in SQL Server Domain. When I see his name on any book, I am sure that [...]...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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