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  • Python script to calculate aded combinations from a dictionary

    - by dayde
    I am trying to write a script that will take a dictionary of items, each containing properties of values from 0 - 10, and add the various elements to select which combination of items achieve the desired totals. I also need the script to do this, using only items that have the same "slot" in common. For example: item_list = { 'item_1': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 2, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c': 2, 'prop_d': 1 }, 'item_2': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 5, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c': 1, 'prop_d':-1 }, 'item_3': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 2, 'prop_b': 5, 'prop_c': 2, 'prop_d':-2 }, 'item_4': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a': 5, 'prop_b': 5, 'prop_c':-5, 'prop_d': 0 }, 'item_5': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a':10, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c':-5, 'prop_d': 0 }, 'item_6': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a':-5, 'prop_b': 2, 'prop_c': 3, 'prop_d': 5 }, 'item_7': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 1, 'prop_b': 3, 'prop_c':-4, 'prop_d': 4 }, 'item_8': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 2, 'prop_b': 2, 'prop_c': 0, 'prop_d': 0 }, 'item_9': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 1, 'prop_c': 4, 'prop_d':-4 }, } The script would then need to select which combinations from the "item_list" dict that using 1 item per "slot" that would achieve a desired result when added. For example, if the desired result was: 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 3, 'prop_c': 8, 'prop_d': 0, the script would select 'item_2', 'item_6', and 'item_9', along with any other combination that worked. 'item_2': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 5, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c': 1, 'prop_d':-1 } 'item_6': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a':-5, 'prop_b': 2, 'prop_c': 3, 'prop_d': 5 } 'item_9': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 1, 'prop_c': 4, 'prop_d':-4 } 'total': 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 3, 'prop_c': 8, 'prop_d': 0 Any ideas how to accomplish this? It does not need to be in python, or even a thorough script, but just an explanation on how to do this in theory would be enough for me. I have tried working out looping through every combination, but that seems to very quickly get our of hand and unmanageable. The actual script will need to do this for about 1,000 items using 20 different "slots", each with 8 properties. Thanks for the help!

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  • Avoiding problem of overwriting files which are in use

    - by zaf
    For example on a high traffic web server. To reduce problems when switching a file I usually rename the old file out and then rename in the new file. I was told some time ago that renaming a file does not change the 'inode data' so that processes reading the file can keep doing so without glitches. And, of course, rather than copying in the new file it is faster and safer to rename a temp copy. Is this still best practice and if not what do you do?

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  • Develop an classic UI or be bold with a newer design?

    - by DeanMc
    Forgive me if this is the wrong place but I am curious as to how other programmers feel about this topic: I am currently working on my portfolio site, it is being designed and built in silverlight 4. I initially started off with a typical stylised e-folio theme much like a standard website in terms of layout and flow. As I work more in the concept stages something has struck me. Am I trying to shoe-horn yesterday into today? What I am talking about is UI expectations. I'm all for clean user interfaces but that does not mean they should not take advantage of new concepts in presentation right? If you where to develop a site in silverlight as your own portfolio piece would you stick to the tried and tested "website" feel or would you try to come up with a UI that is intuitive and complements the technology? I feel that UI discussions are all the more important now that all forms of web development are allowing better methods to engage the user.

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  • C: 8x8 -> 16 bit multiply precision guaranteed by integer promotions?

    - by craig-blome
    I'm trying to figure out if the C Standard (C90, though I'm working off Derek Jones' annotated C99 book) guarantees that I will not lose precision multiplying two unsigned 8-bit values and storing to a 16-bit result. An example statement is as follows: unsigned char foo; unsigned int foo_u16 = foo * 10; Our Keil 8051 compiler (v7.50 at present) will generate a MUL AB instruction which stores the MSB in the B register and the LSB in the accumulator. If I cast foo to a unsigned int first: unsigned int foo_u16 = (unsigned int)foo * 10; then the compiler correctly decides I want a unsigned int there and generates an expensive call to a 16x16 bit integer multiply routine. I would like to argue beyond reasonable doubt that this defensive measure is not necessary. As I read the integer promotions described in 6.3.1.1, the effect of the first line shall be as if foo and 10 were promoted to unsigned int, the multiplication performed, and the result stored as unsigned int in foo_u16. If the compiler knows an instruction that does 8x8-16 bit multiplications without loss of precision, so much the better; but the precision is guaranteed. Am I reading this correctly? Best regards, Craig Blome

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  • Is it possible to create thread-safe collections without locks?

    - by Andrey
    This is pure just for interest question, any sort of questions are welcome. So is it possible to create thread-safe collections without any locks? By locks I mean any thread synchronization mechanisms, including Mutex, Semaphore, and even Interlocked, all of them. Is it possible at user level, without calling system functions? Ok, may be implementation is not effective, i am interested in theoretical possibility. If not what is the minimum means to do it? EDIT: Why immutable collections don't work. This of class Stack with methods Add that returns another Stack. Now here is program: Stack stack = new ...; ThreadedMethod() { loop { //Do the loop stack = stack.Add(element); } } this expression stack = stack.Add(element) is not atomic, and you can overwrite new stack from other thread. Thanks, Andrey

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  • iPhone: Tracking/Identifying individual touches

    - by FlorianZ
    I have a quick question regarding tracking touches on the iPhone and I seem to not be able to come to a conclusion on this, so any suggestions / ideas are greatly appreciated: I want to be able to track and identify touches on the iphone, ie. basically every touch has a starting position and a current/moved position. Touches are stored in a std::vector and they shall be removed from the container, once they ended. Their position shall be updated once they move, but I still want to keep track of where they initially started (gesture recognition). I am getting the touches from [event allTouches], thing is, the NSSet is unsorted and I seem not to be able to identify the touches that are already stored in the std::vector and refer to the touches in the NSSet (so I know which ones ended and shall be removed, or have been moved, etc.) Here is my code, which works perfectly with only one finger on the touch screen, of course, but with more than one, I do get unpredictable results... - (void) touchesBegan:(NSSet*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent*)event { [self handleTouches:[event allTouches]]; } - (void) touchesEnded:(NSSet*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent*)event { [self handleTouches:[event allTouches]]; } - (void) touchesMoved:(NSSet*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent*)event { [self handleTouches:[event allTouches]]; } - (void) touchesCancelled:(NSSet*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent*)event { [self handleTouches:[event allTouches]]; } - (void) handleTouches:(NSSet*)allTouches { for(int i = 0; i < (int)[allTouches count]; ++i) { UITouch* touch = [[allTouches allObjects] objectAtIndex:i]; NSTimeInterval timestamp = [touch timestamp]; CGPoint currentLocation = [touch locationInView:self]; CGPoint previousLocation = [touch previousLocationInView:self]; if([touch phase] == UITouchPhaseBegan) { Finger finger; finger.start.x = currentLocation.x; finger.start.y = currentLocation.y; finger.end = finger.start; finger.hasMoved = false; finger.hasEnded = false; touchScreen->AddFinger(finger); } else if([touch phase] == UITouchPhaseEnded || [touch phase] == UITouchPhaseCancelled) { Finger& finger = touchScreen->GetFingerHandle(i); finger.hasEnded = true; } else if([touch phase] == UITouchPhaseMoved) { Finger& finger = touchScreen->GetFingerHandle(i); finger.end.x = currentLocation.x; finger.end.y = currentLocation.y; finger.hasMoved = true; } } touchScreen->RemoveEnded(); } Thanks!

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  • Is there any way to code breakpoints/debugging?

    - by froadie
    I've been wondering this for a while - is there a way to code/program breakpoints...? Conditionally? For example, can I specify something like - "when this variable becomes this value, break and open the debugger"? (Would be quite useful, especially in long loops when you want to debug loop execution of a late loop value.) I suppose this may be IDE-specific since debugging is implemented differently in different IDEs... I'd be interested to know how to do this in any IDE, but specifically in Eclipse and Visual Studio.

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  • Problem with date_select when using :discard option. (Rails)

    - by MikeH
    I'm using a date_select with the option :discard_year => true If a user selects a date in the date select, and then he comes back and returns the select to the prompt values of Month and Day, Rails automatically sets the select values to January 1. I know this is the intended functionality if a month is selected and a day is left blank, but that's not the case here. In my example, the user sets both the month and day back to the prompt. By Rails forcing January 1, I'm getting bad results. I've tried every parameter available in the api. :default = nil, :include_blank = true. None of those change the behavior I'm describing. I've isolated the root of the problem, which is this: Because I'm discarding the :year parameter, when the user tries to return the month and day to the prompt values, Rails doesn't see an empty prompt select. It perhaps sees a year selected with empty month and day, which it then sets to January 1. This is the case because the :discard_year parameter does in fact set a date in the database, it just removes it from the view. How can I code around this problem?

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  • Generating easy-to-remember random identifiers

    - by Carl Seleborg
    Hi all, As all developers do, we constantly deal with some kind of identifiers as part of our daily work. Most of the time, it's about bugs or support tickets. Our software, upon detecting a bug, creates a package that has a name formatted from a timestamp and a version number, which is a cheap way of creating reasonably unique identifiers to avoid mixing packages up. Example: "Bug Report 20101214 174856 6.4b2". My brain just isn't that good at remembering numbers. What I would love to have is a simple way of generating alpha-numeric identifiers that are easy to remember. Examples would be "azil3", "ulmops", "fel2way", etc. I just made these up, but they are much easier to recognize when you see many of them at once. I know of algorithms that perform trigram analysis on text (say you feed them a whole book in German) and that can generate strings that look and feel like German words. This requires lots of data, though, and makes it slightly less suitable for embedding in an application just for this purpose. Do you know of anything else? Thanks! Carl

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  • Number of different elements in an array.

    - by AB
    Is it possible to compute the number of different elements in an array in linear time and constant space? Let us say it's an array of long integers, and you can not allocate an array of length sizeof(long). P.S. Not homework, just curious. I've got a book that sort of implies that it is possible.

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  • How to balance number of ratings versus the ratings themselves?

    - by zneak
    Hello guys, For a school project, we'll have to implement a ranking system. However, we figured that a dumb rank average would suck: something that one user ranked 5 stars would have a better average that something 188 users ranked 4 stars, and that's just stupid. So I'm wondering if any of you have an example algorithm of "smart" ranking. It only needs to take in account the rankings given and the number of rankings. Thanks!

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  • Volatile fields in C#

    - by Danny Chen
    From the specification 10.5.3 Volatile fields: The type of a volatile field must be one of the following: A reference-type. The type byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, char, float, bool, System.IntPtr, or System.UIntPtr. An enum-type having an enum base type of byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, or uint. First I want to confirm my understanding is correct: I guess the above types can be volatile because they are stored as a 4-bytes unit in memory(for reference types because of its address), which guarantees the read/write operation is atomic. A double/long/etc type can't be volatile because they are not atomic reading/writing since they are more than 4 bytes in memory. Is my understanding correct? And the second, if the first guess is correct, why a user defined struct with only one int field in it(or something similar, 4 bytes is ok) can't be volatile? Theoretically it's atomic right? Or it's not allowed simply because that all user defined structs(which is possibly more than 4 bytes) are not allowed to volatile by design?

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  • Is using a FSM a good design for general text parsing?

    - by eSKay
    I am reading a file that is filled with hex numbers. I have to identify a particular pattern, say "aaad" (without quotes) from it. Every time I see the pattern, I generate some data to some other file. This would be a very common case in designing programs - parsing and looking for a particular pattern. I have designed it as a Finite State Machine and structured structured it in C using switch-case to change states. This was the first implementation that occured to me. DESIGN: Are there some better designs possible? IMPLEMENTATION: Do you see some problems with using a switch case as I mentioned?

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  • The Definition of Regular Languages

    - by AraK
    Good Day, I have tried, and burned my brain to understand the definition of Regular Languages in Discrete Mathematics and its Applications(Rosen) without reaching the goal of understanding why the definition is like that in this book. On page(789), I am rephrasing the definition: Type 3 grammars are defined as: w1 --> w2 Where w1 is a non-terminal, and w2 is of the form: w2 = aB w2 = a Where B is a non-terminal, and a is a terminal. A special case is when w1 is the starting symbol and w2 is lambda(the empty string): w1 = S S --> lambda Two questions I couldn't find an answer for. First, Why can't w2 be of the form Ba. Second, Why lambda is only allowed for the starting symbol only. The book states that, regular languages are equivalent to Finite State Automaton, and we can easily see that a we can build FSA for both cases. I took a look at other resources, and these restrictions don't exist in these resources. Thanks,

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  • Code-Golf: Friendly Number Abbreviator

    - by David Murdoch
    Based on this question: Is there a way to round numbers into a friendly format? THE CHALLENGE - UPDATED! (removed hundreds abbreviation from spec) The shortest code by character count that will abbreviate an integer (no decimals). Code should include the full program. Relevant range is from 0 - 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (the upper limit for signed 64 bit integer). The number of decimal places for abbreviation will be positive. You will not need to calculate the following: 920535 abbreviated -1 place (which would be something like 0.920535M). Numbers in the tens and hundreds place (0-999) should never be abbreviated (the abbreviation for the number 57 to 1+ decimal places is 5.7dk - it is unneccessary and not friendly). Remember to round half away from zero (23.5 gets rounded to 24). Banker's rounding is verboten. Here are the relevant number abbreviations: h = hundred (102) k = thousand (103) M = million (106) G = billion (109) T = trillion (1012) P = quadrillion (1015) E = quintillion (1018) SAMPLE INPUTS/OUTPUTS (inputs can be passed as separate arguments): First argument will be the integer to abbreviate. The second is the number of decimal places. 12 1 => 12 // tens and hundreds places are never rounded 1500 2 => 1.5k 1500 0 => 2k // look, ma! I round UP at .5 0 2 => 0 1234 0 => 1k 34567 2 => 34.57k 918395 1 => 918.4k 2134124 2 => 2.13M 47475782130 2 => 47.48G 9223372036854775807 3 => 9.223E // ect... . . . Original answer from related question (javascript, does not follow spec): function abbrNum(number, decPlaces) { // 2 decimal places => 100, 3 => 1000, etc decPlaces = Math.pow(10,decPlaces); // Enumerate number abbreviations var abbrev = [ "k", "m", "b", "t" ]; // Go through the array backwards, so we do the largest first for (var i=abbrev.length-1; i>=0; i--) { // Convert array index to "1000", "1000000", etc var size = Math.pow(10,(i+1)*3); // If the number is bigger or equal do the abbreviation if(size <= number) { // Here, we multiply by decPlaces, round, and then divide by decPlaces. // This gives us nice rounding to a particular decimal place. number = Math.round(number*decPlaces/size)/decPlaces; // Add the letter for the abbreviation number += abbrev[i]; // We are done... stop break; } } return number; }

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  • What is the best euphemism for a non-developer?

    - by Edward Tanguay
    I'm writing a description for a piece of software that targets the user who is "not technically minded", i.e. a person who uses "browser/office/email" and has a low tolerance for anything technical, he just "wants it to work" without being involved in any of the technical details. What is the best non-disparaging term you have seen to describe this kind of user? non-technical user low-tech user office user normal user technically challenged user non-developer computer joe Surely there is some official, politically-correct retronym for this kind of user that the press and software marketing use.

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  • Name of several objects that have the same type

    - by Tomek Tarczynski
    Lets assume we have a class car. How would You name parameters of function that takes two different cars? void Race(Car first, Car second); or maybe void Race(Car car1, Car car2); The same situation with function that takes car and list of cars as a parameters. I'm used to name 'cars' for list of cars, so it is inconvenient to use names like: void Race(Car car, List<Car> cars); Any suggestions about names?

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  • Sharing storage between servers

    - by El Yobo
    I have a PHP based web application which is currently only using one webserver but will shortly be scaling up to another. In most regards this is pretty straightforward, but the application also stores a lot of files on the filesystem. It seems that there are many approaches to sharing the files between the two servers, from the very simple to the reasonably complex. These are the options that I'm aware of Simple network storage NFS SMB/CIFS Clustered filesystems Lustre GFS/GFS2 GlusterFS Hadoop DFS MogileFS What I want is for a file uploaded via one webserver be immediately available if accessed through the other. The data is extremely important and absolutely cannot be lost, so whatever is implemented needs to a) never lose data and b) have very high availability (as good as, or better, than a local filesystem). It seems like the clustered filesystems will also provide faster data access than local storage (for large files) but that isn't of vita importance at the moment. What would you recommend? Do you have any suggestions to add or anything specifically to look out for with the above options? Any suggestions on how to manage backup of data on the clustered filesystems?

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  • Code Golf: Spider webs

    - by LiraNuna
    The challenge The shortest code by character count to output a spider web with rings equal to user's input. A spider web is started by reconstructing the center ring: \_|_/ _/ \_ \___/ / | \ Then adding rings equal to the amount entered by the user. A ring is another level of a "spider circles" made from \ / | and _, and wraps the center circle. Input is always guaranteed to be a single positive integer. Test cases Input 1 Output \__|__/ /\_|_/\ _/_/ \_\_ \ \___/ / \/_|_\/ / | \ Input 4 Output \_____|_____/ /\____|____/\ / /\___|___/\ \ / / /\__|__/\ \ \ / / / /\_|_/\ \ \ \ _/_/_/_/_/ \_\_\_\_\_ \ \ \ \ \___/ / / / / \ \ \ \/_|_\/ / / / \ \ \/__|__\/ / / \ \/___|___\/ / \/____|____\/ / | \ Input: 7 Output: \________|________/ /\_______|_______/\ / /\______|______/\ \ / / /\_____|_____/\ \ \ / / / /\____|____/\ \ \ \ / / / / /\___|___/\ \ \ \ \ / / / / / /\__|__/\ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / /\_|_/\ \ \ \ \ \ \ _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \___/ / / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \ \/_|_\/ / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \/__|__\/ / / / / / \ \ \ \ \/___|___\/ / / / / \ \ \ \/____|____\/ / / / \ \ \/_____|_____\/ / / \ \/______|______\/ / \/_______|_______\/ / | \ Code count includes input/output (i.e full program).

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