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• Emails not being delivered

  - by Tomtiger11

  Comment pointed out that this may fix my problem, and it did: Why don't mails show up in the recipient's mailspool? I use Postfix with Dovecot, and when I send an email from my gmail to my server, it is received at the server, but not at my email client using POP3. I can verify it being received at the server using the mail command. This is my main.cf: queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix command_directory = /usr/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix mail_owner = postfix myhostname = tom4u.eu myorigin = $myhostname inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 relay_domains = $mydomain alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix setgid_group = postdrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/share/man sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/certs/cert.pem milter_protocol = 2 milter_default_action = accept smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891 non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_non_fqdn_recipient,permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination,permit broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth If you could help me with this, I'd be most grateful, if you need any more information, please ask. var/log/maillog: May 30 22:44:25 tom4u postfix/smtpd[18626]: connect from mail-we0-f181.google.com[74.125.82.181] May 30 22:44:25 tom4u postfix/smtpd[18626]: 318F679B7F: client=mail-we0-f181.google.com[74.125.82.181] May 30 22:44:25 tom4u postfix/cleanup[18631]: 318F679B7F: message-id=<CAA_0zdxY-WUFGOC57K_yVn0G+5hN=8KSXuohJqMDB5Rm7bqu8w@mail.gmail.com> May 30 22:44:25 tom4u opendkim[15006]: 318F679B7F: mail-we0-f181.google.com [74.125.82.181] not internal May 30 22:44:25 tom4u opendkim[15006]: 318F679B7F: not authenticated May 30 22:44:25 tom4u opendkim[15006]: 318F679B7F: DKIM verification successful May 30 22:44:25 tom4u opendkim[15006]: 318F679B7F: s=20120113 d=gmail.com SSL May 30 22:44:25 tom4u postfix/qmgr[16282]: 318F679B7F: from=<[email protected]>, size=1720, nrcpt=1 (queue active) May 30 22:44:25 tom4u postfix/smtpd[18626]: disconnect from mail-we0-f181.google.com[74.125.82.181] May 30 22:44:25 tom4u postfix/local[18632]: 318F679B7F: to=<[email protected]>, relay=local, delay=0.17, delays=0.12/0.01/0/0.03, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox) May 30 22:44:25 tom4u postfix/qmgr[16282]: 318F679B7F: removed May 30 22:45:32 tom4u dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<tom>, method=PLAIN, rip=SNIP, lip=176.31.127.165, mpid=18679 May 30 22:45:32 tom4u dovecot: pop3(tom): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0 May 30 22:46:32 tom4u dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<tom>, method=PLAIN, rip=SNIP, lip=176.31.127.165, mpid=18725 May 30 22:46:32 tom4u dovecot: pop3(tom): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0

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• Linux filesystem with inodes close on the disk

  - by pts

  I'd like to make the ls -laR /media/myfs on Linux as fast as possible. I'll have 1 million files on the filesystem, 2TB of total file size, and some directories containing as much as 10000 files. Which filesystem should I use and how should I configure it? As far as I understand, the reason why ls -laR is slow because it has to stat(2) each inode (i.e. 1 million stat(2)s), and since inodes are distributed randomly on the disk, each stat(2) needs one disk seek. Here are some solutions I had in mind, none of which I am satisfied with: Create the filesystem on an SSD, because the seek operations on SSDs are fast. This wouldn't work, because a 2TB SSD doesn't exist, or it's prohibitively expensive. Create a filesystem which spans on two block devices: an SSD and a disk; the disk contains file data, and the SSD contains all the metadata (including directory entries, inodes and POSIX extended attributes). Is there a filesystem which supports this? Would it survive a system crash (power outage)? Use find /media/myfs on ext2, ext3 or ext4, instead of ls -laR /media/myfs, because the former can the advantage of the d_type field (see in the getdents(2) man page), so it doesn't have to stat. Unfortunately, this doesn't meet my requirements, because I need all file sizes as well, which find /media/myfs doesn't print. Use a filesystem, such as VFAT, which stores inodes in the directory entries. I'd love this one, but VFAT is not reliable and flexible enough for me, and I don't know of any other filesystem which does that. Do you? Of course, storing inodes in the directory entries wouldn't work for files with a link count more than 1, but that's not a problem since I have only a few dozen such files in my use case. Adjust some settings in /proc or sysctl so that inodes are locked to system memory forever. This would not speed up the first ls -laR /media/myfs, but it would make all subsequent invocations amazingly fast. How can I do this? I don't like this idea, because it doesn't speed up the first invocation, which currently takes 30 minutes. Also I'd like to lock the POSIX extended attributes in memory as well. What do I have to do for that? Use a filesystem which has an online defragmentation tool, which can be instructed to relocate inodes to the the beginning of the block device. Once the relocation is done, I can run dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1M count=256 to get the beginning of the block device fetched to the kernel in-memory cache without seeking, and then the stat(2) operations would be fast, because they read from the cache. Is there a way to lock those inodes and/or blocks into memory once they have been read? Which filesystem has such a defragmentation tool?

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• inews failed: "No colon-space in "X-MS-TNEF-Correlator:"

  - by wolfgangsz

  We run a news server for our engineering teams, which is also linked to the code repositories (so that all engineers can subscribe to any changes in the repos or just the projects they are interested in). On quite a regular basis (several times a day) I (as the sysadmin for that server) receive bounces from innd with the above as the first line. The news server simply rejects these messages and the articles don't get posted. Here is an example: inews failed: inews: cannot send article to server: 441 437 No colon-space in "X-MS-TNEF-Correlator:" header inews: article not posted -------- Article Contents Path: aminocom.com!ctaylor From: [email protected] (Cameron Taylor) Newsgroups: amino.qa.reports Content-Language: en-US Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_A2AB95742ADD524795C13EDE8F8CCD201A798C0Eukswaex01_" MIME-Version: 1.0 Subject: [QA REPORT] MDK 400 release 3.4.33 **PRE-RELEASE** Message-ID: Date: Thu, 9 Sep 2010 16:15:16 +0000 X-Received: from uk-swa-ex02.aminocom.com (uk-swa-ex02.aminocom.com [10.171.3.10]) by theoline.aminocom.com (8.14.3/8.13.8) with ESMTP id o89GF8tx019494 for ; Thu, 9 Sep 2010 17:15:08 +0100 X-Received: from uk-swa-ex01.aminocom.com ([10.171.3.9]) by uk-swa-ex02 ([10.171.3.10]) with mapi; Thu, 9 Sep 2010 17:15:18 +0100 X-To: QA Reports X-Thread-Topic: [QA REPORT] MDK 400 release 3.4.33 **PRE-RELEASE** X-Thread-Index: ActQOjBdms0CSJsORNSxRIMSZ4H3Ow== X-Accept-Language: en-US, en-GB X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: X-Auto-Response-Suppress: DR, OOF, AutoReply --_000_A2AB95742ADD524795C13EDE8F8CCD201A798C0Eukswaex01_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable SQA Test Report [QA REPORT] MDK 400 release 3.4.33 **PRE-RELEASE** Status .... (rest of the message is not important) And yes, quite clearly this header doesn't have anything after the colon. The man page for innd doesn't specify why it rejects these messages, it just says it rejects them. So far I have found out these headers are linked to messages in RTF format (coming from Outlook clients), where normally the formatting information would be stored in a winmail.dat attachment. The clients all use MS Exchange 2010 servers to send their mail (identified above as uk-swa-ex02.aminocom.com) which forwards the message to the news server. Does anybody know what advice I need to give these users to avoid their articles getting bounced? Or can I change the behaviour of innd? Or do I need to filter these headers out before innd processes the articles?

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• Running an rsync sweep before initializing lsyncd for synchronizing instances on EC2

  - by chrisallenlane

  My company uses several EC2 servers that will scale up and down according to the load we're receiving on our sites at any given moment. For the sake of our discussion here, we're running four instances: master.ourdomain.com - the file syncing "hub" of the webservers www1/www2/www3.ourdomain.com - three webservers which turn on or off as dictated by load I'm using lsyncd to keep all of the webservers in sync, and for the most part, it's working quite well. We're using a two-way syncing scheme, such that each webserver syncs against master, and master syncs against each webserver. Thus, the webservers are kept in sync, even though they aren't syncing against each other directly. I'm having one problem that I'm having a hard time solving,though. It occurs under these circumstances: When changes are made on master (perhaps after we've pushed new code), while some of the redundant webservers are sleeping And then a sleeping webserver wakes-up to absorb load Under that circumstance, I would like the following to happen: First, the newly-awoken webserver should sync its file structure - one way - against master, to bring its web application code up-to-date. Then, and only then, should it begin pushing changes in its file structure back to master. Unfortunately, currently, when a sleeping server is started, when lsyncd starts up, it pushes changes back to master before updating its own codebase, thus overwriting new code with old. Thus, before lsyncd starts, I'd like to be able to synchronize the webservers code against master's, perhaps by running a simple one-way rsync against the two machines. We're running lsyncd v.2, and I've tried to make this happen by using the "bash" configuration options documented in the lsyncd manual. My configuration file looks like this: settings = { logfile = "/home/user/log/lsyncd/log.txt", statusFile = "/home/user/log/lsyncd/status.txt", maxProcesses = 2, nodaemon = false, } bash = { onStartup = "rsync [email protected]:/home/user/www /home/user/www" } sync{ default.rsyncssh, source="/home/user/www/", host="[email protected]", targetdir="/home/user/www/", rsyncOpts="-ltus", excludeFrom="/home/user/conf/lsyncd/exclude" } (I've obviously redacted that file somewhat to protect the identities of the guilty.) Simply put, though, this just isn't working. How else might I approach this problem? I was looking at the --delete-after option in man rsync, but I don't think that does what I'm looking for. Are there any suggestions about how I should approach this problem? Thanks for lending your time and expertise. Chris

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• I want to virtualize my workstation (Tier 1), Looking for Bare Metal Hypervisor for consumer grade components

  - by Chase Florell

  I find myself in this similar bind at least once a year. The bind whereby I'm either upgrading a motherboard, or an OS hard drive. It drives me crazy to have to reinstall Windows, Visual Studio, all my addins, reconfigure my settings etc... every single time. I have a layout and I like and I want to stick with it. My question is... Is there a Bare Metal Hypervisor on the market that will enable me to virtualize my consumer grade workstation? I really want to avoid Host/Client virtualization. Bare Metal is definitely a better way to go for my needs. Is this a good approach, or am I going to suffer some other undesirable side effects by doing this? Clarification My machine has very limited purposes. My primary use is Visual Studio 2010 Professional where I develop ASP.NET MVC Web Applications. The second piece of software that I use (that's system intensive) is Photoshop CS3. Beyond that, my applications are limited to Outlook, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, LinqPad, and various other (small) apps. Beyond this, I'm considering working on a node.js project and might run ubuntu on the same hypervisor if possible. System Specs: Gigabyte Motherboard Intel i7 920 12 GB Ram basic 500GB 7200RPM HDD for OS 4 VelociRaptors in Raid 1/0 for build disk Dual GTS250 (512MB) Graphics cards (non SLI) for quad monitors On a side note I also wouldn't be opposed to an alternative suggestion if the limitations are too great. I could install the ESXi (or Zen Server) on my box, and build a separate "thin client" to RDP into the virtual machine. It appears as though RDP supports dual monitors. Edit (Dec 9, 2011) It's been nearly a year since I first asked this question. Since then, there have been a lot of great strides in Hypervisor technology... AND MokaFive is now released for corporate use. I'd love to dig into this question a little more and find out if there is a solid BareMetal Hypervisor for workstations running consumer grade components (IE: not Dell, HP, Lenovo, Etc).

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• Puppet and launchd services?

  - by Joel Westberg

  We have a production environment configured with Puppet, and want to be able to set up a similar environment on our development machines: a mix of Red Hats, Ubuntus and OSX. As might be expected, OSX is the odd man out here, and sadly, I'm having a lot of trouble with getting this to work. My first attempt was using macports, using the following declaration: package { 'rabbitmq-server': ensure => installed, provider => macports, } but this, sadly, generates the following error: Error: /Stage[main]/Rabbitmq/Package[rabbitmq-server]: Could not evaluate: Execution of '/opt/local/bin/port -q installed rabbitmq-server' returned 1: usage: cut -b list [-n] [file ...] cut -c list [file ...] cut -f list [-s] [-d delim] [file ...] while executing "exec dscl -q . -read /Users/$env(SUDO_USER) NFSHomeDirectory | cut -d ' ' -f 2" (procedure "mportinit" line 95) invoked from within "mportinit ui_options global_options global_variations" Next up, I figured I'd give homebrew a try. There is no package provider available by default, but puppet-homebrew seemed promising. Here, I got much farther, and actually managed to get the install to work. package { 'rabbitmq': ensure => installed, provider => brew, } file { "plist": path => "/Library/LaunchDaemons/homebrew.mxcl.rabbitmq.plist", source => "/usr/local/opt/rabbitmq/homebrew.mxcl.rabbitmq.plist", ensure => present, owner => root, group => wheel, mode => 0644, } service { "homebrew.mxcl.rabbitmq": enable => true, ensure => running, provider => "launchd", require => [ File["/Library/LaunchDaemons/homebrew.mxcl.rabbitmq.plist"] ], } Here, I don't get any error. But RabbitMQ doesn't start either (as it does if I do a manual load with launchctl) [... snip ...] Debug: Executing '/bin/launchctl list' Debug: Executing '/usr/bin/plutil -convert xml1 -o /dev/stdout /Library/LaunchDaemons/homebrew.mxcl.rabbitmq.plist' Debug: Executing '/usr/bin/plutil -convert xml1 -o /dev/stdout /var/db/launchd.db/com.apple.launchd/overrides.plist' Debug: /Schedule[weekly]: Skipping device resources because running on a host Debug: /Schedule[puppet]: Skipping device resources because running on a host Debug: Finishing transaction 2248294820 Debug: Storing state Debug: Stored state in 0.01 seconds Finished catalog run in 25.90 seconds What am I doing wrong?

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• Graphics card artifacting

  - by White Phoenix

  This is my current build: EVGA X58 (first generation) motherboard Intel i7 965 @ stock clocks 3x 2GB DDR3-1600 Corsair RAM at stock timings and voltages Corsair AX750 80 Plus Gold PSU 1 Optical Drive 1 Seagate 7200.10 500 GB drive 2x Western Digital Caviar Black 1 TB drives OCZ Vertex 1 60 GB EVGA GTX 460 Antec 1200 case HT-Omega Striker 7.1 Sound Card Windows 7 32-bit Professional (PAE Enabled) My graphics card started artifacting while I was playing a game. It artifacted, the display blinked, then I got an NVIDIA driver has crashed and recovered message. Kept going, more artifacts, another crash, but this time my display blanked out and I couldn't do anything. Restarted my computer - artifacting is in the BIOS - got to Windows 7 but it BSOD'd before I could even log in. I restarted the computer again - artifacts cleared themselves out and I managed to get to Win7, but it soon started blinking in and out and artifacting again. Checked the card temps and they're well within range. (50 idle, 70 full load) The ambient temperature here is about 80-85F with high humidity. Tried Safe Mode and it still froze up/BSOD'd. Already tried the following to fix this problem: - Reseat the graphics card and swapped in a different slot. - Removed cover on card and sprayed with compressed air to clean it out. - Swapped around memory and/or went with only using one stick at a time. - Underclocked card I called EVGA Tech Support and they said that the voltage on the 12V rail of my Corsair AX750 PSU was on the high end of the "acceptable" range (12.4V, highest within acceptable range is 12.6V - optimal is obviously 12V). They gave me an RMA number anyway, but I want to get a second opinion from you all before I send this thing off, as shipping from where I live to EVGA is kind of pricey. This PSU is only 6 months old. So that I don't have to play RMA tag, which case would be most likely? I'm strapped for cash at the moment so I want to reduce the amount of RMAs I have to do since shipping is expensive here. Is there any surefire way to test to see if it's really the graphics card or the PSU? I tried unplugging any devices that were connected to the 12V rail (except for my SSD and graphics card) as I do have 3 mechanical hard drives, but the voltage for that rail didn't drop (it remained at 12.4V). I'm fairly sure it isn't the drivers since I'm getting the artifacting at the BIOS too. Right now I'm back in Windows 7 but I don't know for how long until it messes up again. Any ideas?

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• Postfix issues sending mail to addresses under domain located on server

  - by iamthewit

  I recently installed virtualmin on my nice shiny new rackspace cloud. Everything went seemlessly but I've been having some issues getting emails to send properly. The problem seems to be that the server can not send mail to email addresses where the domain is owned by my server. For example, on my server I run multiple virtual domains, lets call this one test.com. When I run the mail command from shell (mail [email protected]) I get the following back from my maillog: Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/pickup[8737]: DC1131612CC: uid=0 from= Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/cleanup[8769]: DC1131612CC: [email protected] Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DC1131612CC: [email protected], size=353, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/error[8771]: DC1131612CC: [email protected], relay=none, delay=0, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (User unknown in virtual alias table) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/cleanup[8769]: DD07D1612D1: [email protected] Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/bounce[8772]: DC1131612CC: sender non-delivery notification: DD07D1612D1 Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DD07D1612D1: from=<, size=2268, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DC1131612CC: removed Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/local[8773]: DD07D1612D1: [email protected], relay=local, delay=0.03, delays=0/0/0/0.03, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to command: /usr/bin/procmail-wrapper -o -a $DOMAIN -d $LOGNAME) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DD07D1612D1: removed when I run mail [email protected] the message is sent and received perfectly fine. I'm a bit of a noob when it comes to servers, but I pick things up fairly quickly, so please excuse any incorrect terminology and my general noobiness. Any help would be greatly appreciated, I've been googling for quite a while but I haven't found a solution yet, I'll add a copy of my main.cf file in a response below cheers guys here is the reformatted postconf, do you want the reformatted main.cf file too, or is this enough? alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no mailbox_command = /usr/bin/procmail-wrapper -o -a $DOMAIN -d $LOGNAME mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man myhostname = server.test.com newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sender_bcc_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/bcc sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

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• How to create NTFS partition in Linux to install Windows 7 from USB?

  - by Michal Stefanow

  I messed up with my computer and need help. Generally: install Windows 7 from USB. Problem: "setup was unable to create a new system partition" When first attempt to install Windows 7 failed I tried Linux live USB, installed distro to HDD, and erased all the existing partitions. Current state (fdisk -l): [writing from other computer so no copy and paste] /dev/sda1 305GB Linux /dev/sda2 7GB Extended /dev/sda5 7GB Linux Swam / Solaris To create a new, NTFS partition: fdisk /dev/sda n (for new) p (for primary) 3 (for partintion number) "No free sectors available" All the HDD was formatted couple of minutes before so there is a lot of free space but how to resize a parition? I cannot find an option for resizing in man fdisk. Some people say I should use gparted but my distro doesn't not contain this package. And my distro doesn't support wireless drivers so I have serious problems with downloading stuff. I tried also using cfdisk but any command results in: "cfdisk bad primary partition 1 partition ends in the final partial cylinder" I tried also removing partition 1 and then creating a new one (so there is no "no free sectors"). I'm receiving a warning: "Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot." After restating: "grub rescue, no known filesystem" It may indicate that some changes have been made BUT when running Windows 7 installed some another error: "Windows cannot be installed to Disk 0 Partition 1" More detailed: "Windows cannot be installed to this hard disk space. Windows must be installed to a partition formatted as NTFS." So formatting drive using Windows 7 installer BUT this time yet another error: "Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. See the setup log files for more information" Apparently I cannot access logs (how?) and I am back to drawing board with my live USB (this time showing partition as HPFS/NTFS). Any suggestions how to install Windows 7? Should I reinstall Linux to HDD, erase existing partitions once again, and use Parted rather than gparted (parted is included in the distro). Or maybe should I create another bootable USB such as PartedMagic to painlessly create partitions? I just want to install Windows 7 from USB, my laptop is semi-operational and I am ready to receive some help regarding fdisk and creating NTFS partitions. UPDATE: I did as suggested (removed all the partitions) and tried to install in unallocated space. Tried to create a new partition and format it. Same error: "setup was unable to create a new system partition" Came to the conclusion it may have something to do with TrueCrypt I have recently installed. Right now trying to FIX MBR (as I haven't got possibility to create rescue disc without optical drive)

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• Why do I sometimes get 'sh: $'\302\211 ... ': command not found' in xterm/sh?

  - by amn

  Sometimes when I simply type a valid command like 'find ...', or anything really, I get back the following, which is completely unexpected and confusing (... is command name I type): sh: $'\302\211...': command not found There is some corruption going on I think. I don't use color in my prompt, I am using the Bash shell in POSIX mode as sh (chsh to /bin/sh and so on - $SHELL is sh). What is going on and why does this keep happening? Anything I can debug? I think this is more of an xterm issue than sh, or at least a combination of the two. Files, for context: My /etc/profile, as distributed with Arch Linux x86-64: # /etc/profile #Set our umask umask 022 # Set our default path PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin" export PATH # Load profiles from /etc/profile.d if test -d /etc/profile.d/; then for profile in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do test -r "$profile" && . "$profile" done unset profile fi # Source global bash config if test "$PS1" && test "$BASH" && test -r /etc/bash.bashrc; then . /etc/bash.bashrc fi # Termcap is outdated, old, and crusty, kill it. unset TERMCAP # Man is much better than us at figuring this out unset MANPATH My /etc/shrc, which I created as a way to have sh parse some file on startup, when non-login shell. This is achieved using ENV variable set in /etc/environment with the line ENV=/etc/shrc: PS1='\u@\H \w \$ ' alias ls='ls -F --color' alias grep='grep -i --color' [ -f ~/.shrc ] && . ~/.shrc My ~/.profile, I am launching X when logging in through first virtual tty: [[ -z $DISPLAY && $XDG_VTNR -eq 1 ]] && exec xinit -- -dpi 111 My ~/.xinitc, as you can see I am using the system as a Virtual Box guest: xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources VBoxClient-all awesome & exec xterm And finally, my ~/.Xresources, no fancy stuff here I guess: *faceName: Inconsolata *faceSize: 10 xterm*VT100*translations: #override <Btn1Up>: select-end(PRIMARY, CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER0) xterm*colorBDMode: true xterm*colorBD: #ff8000 xterm*cursorColor: S_red Since ~/.profile references among other things /etc/bash.bashrc, here is its content: # # /etc/bash.bashrc # # If not running interactively, don't do anything [[ $- != *i* ]] && return PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ ' PS2='> ' PS3='> ' PS4='+ ' case ${TERM} in xterm*|rxvt*|Eterm|aterm|kterm|gnome*) PROMPT_COMMAND=${PROMPT_COMMAND:+$PROMPT_COMMAND; }'printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"' ;; screen) PROMPT_COMMAND=${PROMPT_COMMAND:+$PROMPT_COMMAND; }'printf "\033_%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"' ;; esac [ -r /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ] && . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion I have no idea what that case statement does, by the way, it does look a bit suspicious though, but then again, who am I to know.

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• How to disable or tune filesystem cache sharing for OpenVZ?

  - by gertvdijk

  For OpenVZ, an example of container-based virtualization, it seems that host and all guests are sharing the filesystem cache. This sounds paradoxical when talking about virtualization, but this is actually a feature of OpenVZ. It makes sense too. Because only one kernel is running, it's possible to benefit from sharing the same pages of filesystem cache in memory. And while it sounds beneficial, I think a set up here actually suffers in performance from it. Here's why I think why: my machines aren't actually sharing any files on disk so I can't benefit from this feature in OpenVZ. Several OpenVZ machines are running MySQL with MyISAM tables. MyISAM relies on the system's filesystem cache for caching of data files, unlike InnoDB's buffer pool. Also some virtual machines are known to do heavy and large I/O operations on the same filesystem in the host. For example, when running cat *.MYD > /dev/null on some large database in one machine, I saw the filesystem cache lowering in another, monitored by htop. This essentially flushes all the useful filesystem cache in guests (FIFO) and so it flushes the MySQL caches in the guests. Now users are complaining that MySQL is very slow. And it is. Some simple SELECT queries take several seconds on times disk I/O is heavily used by other machines. So, simply put: Is there a way to avoid filesystem cache being wiped out by other virtual machines in container-based virtualization? Some thoughts: Choosing algorithm for flushing filesystem cache in the kernel. (possible? how?) Reserving a certain amount of pages for a single VM. (seems no option for filesystem cache type of pages that reading man vzctl) Will running MySQL on another filesystem get me anywhere? If not, I think my alternatives are: Use KVM for MySQL-MyISAM running VMs. KVM actually assigns memory to the VM and does not allow swapping out caches unless using a balloon driver. Move to InnoDB and tune the buffer pools, dirty pages, etc. This is now considered to be 'nice to have' on the long-term as not everyone responsible for administration of the system understands InnoDB. more suggestions welcome. System software: Proxmox (now 1.9, could be upgraded to 2.x). One big LV assigned for the VMs.

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• Ubuntu and Postfix Configuration Issues

  - by Obi Hill

  I recently installed postfix on Ubuntu Natty. I'm having a problem with the configuration. Firstly here is my postfix configuration file: # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. mydomain = $myorigin myhostname = mail.nairanode.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 mydestination = $myorigin, $myhostname, localhost.localdomain, , localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all #mynetworks_style = host # ADDITIONAL unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_$ # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.n$ # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_do$ # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes Here is also my /etc/postfix/aliases: # See man 5 aliases for format postmaster: root Here is also my /etc/mailname: nairanode.com I've also updated my hostname to nairanode.com However, when I run postalias /etc/postfix/aliases I get the following : postalias: warning: valid_hostname: invalid character 47(decimal): /etc/mailname postalias: fatal: file /etc/postfix/main.cf: parameter mydomain: bad parameter value: /etc/mailname Is there something I'm doing wrong?! I noticed that when I replace myorigin = /etc/mailname with myorigin = nairanode.com in my postfix config, I don't see any errors anymore after calling postalias. Is this a bug or something?!

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• APC PHP cache size does not exceed 32MB, even though settings allow for more

  - by hardy101

  I am setting up APC (v 3.1.9) on a high-traffic WordPress installation on CentOS 6.0 64 bit. I have figured out many of the quirks with APC, but something is still not quite right. No matter what settings I change, APC never actually caches more than 32MB. I'm trying to bump it up to 256 MB. 32MB is a default amount for apc.shm_size, so I am wondering if it's stuck there somehow. I have run the following echo '2147483648' > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax to increase my system's shared memory to 2G (half of my 4G box). Then ran ipcs -lm which returns ------ Shared Memory Limits -------- max number of segments = 4096 max seg size (kbytes) = 2097152 max total shared memory (kbytes) = 8388608 min seg size (bytes) = 1 Also made a change in /etc/sysctl.conf then ran sysctl -p to make the settings stick on the server. Rebooted, too, for good measure. In my APC settings, I have mmap enabled (which happens by default in recent versions of APC). php.ini looks like: apc.stat=0 apc.shm_size="256M" apc.max_file_size="10M" apc.mmap_file_mask="/tmp/apc.XXXXXX" apc.ttl="7200" I am aware that mmap mode will ignore references to apc.shm_segments, so I have left it out with default 1. phpinfo() indicates the following about APC: Version 3.1.9 APC Debugging Disabled MMAP Support Enabled MMAP File Mask /tmp/apc.bPS7rB Locking type pthread mutex Locks Serialization Support php Revision $Revision: 308812 $ Build Date Oct 11 2011 22:55:02 Directive Local Value apc.cache_by_default On apc.canonicalize O apc.coredump_unmap Off apc.enable_cli Off apc.enabled On On apc.file_md5 Off apc.file_update_protection 2 apc.filters no value apc.gc_ttl 3600 apc.include_once_override Off apc.lazy_classes Off apc.lazy_functions Off apc.max_file_size 10M apc.mmap_file_mask /tmp/apc.bPS7rB apc.num_files_hint 1000 apc.preload_path no value apc.report_autofilter Off apc.rfc1867 Off apc.rfc1867_freq 0 apc.rfc1867_name APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS apc.rfc1867_prefix upload_ apc.rfc1867_ttl 3600 apc.serializer default apc.shm_segments 1 apc.shm_size 256M apc.slam_defense On apc.stat Off apc.stat_ctime Off apc.ttl 7200 apc.use_request_time On apc.user_entries_hint 4096 apc.user_ttl 0 apc.write_lock On apc.php reveals the following graph, no matter how long the server runs (cache size fluctuates and hovers at just under 32MB. See image http://i.stack.imgur.com/2bwMa.png You can see that the cache is trying to allocate 256MB, but the brown piece of the pie keeps getting recycled at 32MB. This is confirmed as refreshing the apc.php page shows cached file counts that move up and down (implying that the cache is not holding onto all of its files). Does anyone have an idea of how to get APC to use more than 32 MB for its cache size?? **Note that the identical behavior occurs for eaccelerator, xcache, and APC. I read here: http://www.litespeedtech.com/support/forum/archive/index.php/t-5072.html that suEXEC could cause this problem.

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• a couple of questions about proxy server,vpn & how they works

  - by Q8Y

  I have a couple of questions that are related to security. Correct me if i'm wrong :) If I want to request something (ex: visiting www.google.com): my computer will request that then it will to the ISP then to my ISP proxy server that will take the request and act as a middle man in this situation ask for the site (www.google.com) and retrieve it then the proxy will send it back to me. I know that its being done like that. So, my question is that, in this situation my ISP knows everything and what I did request, and the proxy server is set by default (when I ask for an internet subscription). So, if I use here another proxy (lets assume that is a highly anonymous and my ISP can't detect my IP address from it), would I visit my ISP and then from my ISP it will redirect me to the new proxy server that I provide? Will it know that there is someone using another proxy? Or will it go to another network rather than my ISP? Because I didn't get the view clearly. This question is related to the first one. When I use a VPN, I know that VPN provides for me a tunneling, encryption and much more features that a proxy can't. So my data is travelling securely and my ISP can't know what I'm doing. But my questions are: From where is the tunneling started? Does it start after I visit the ISP network (since they are the one that are responsible for forwarding my data and requests)? If so, then not all my connection is tunneled in this way, there is a part that is not being tunneled. Since, every time I need to do anything I have to go to my ISP and ask to do that. Correct me if I misunderstand this. I know that VPN can let my computer be virtually in another place and access its resources (ex: be like in my office while I'm in my home. This is done via VPN). If I use a VPN service provider so that I can access the internet securely and without being monitored by my ISP. In this case, where is my encrypted data saved? Is it saved in my ISP or in the VPN service provider? If I use a VPN, does anyone on the internet know what I'm doing or who I am? Even the VPN service provider? Can they know me? I think they should know the person that is asking for this VPN service, am I right?

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• How to tune system settings for mongoDB on Linux?

  - by jsh

  Trying to squeeze a lot out of one question here -- please bear with me. Although the MongoDB man pages make several useful recommendations about system settings like ulimit (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/), and other production factors (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/administration/production-notes/) they seem mysteriously silent on things like virtual memory and swap settings. The closest we get to a hint is that "...the operating system’s virtual memory subsystem manages MongoDB’s memory..." (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/faq/fundamentals/#does-mongodb-require-a-lot-of-ram). Running the same job - high writes and high reads on about 10,000,000 records in a single collection -- on my 4-processor, 4GB RAM macbook and an 8-core ubuntu box with 64GB RAM I saw dramatically WORSE read performance on the linux box with factory settings, and could hear the disk constantly spinning, indicating high I/O and presumably swapping. Yes, other things were happening on the box, but there was plenty of free RAM, disk space, etc.; furthermore, I did not see evidence that Mongo was expanding to take advantage of all that free RAM as it is touted to do. Linux box default settings were as follows: vm.swappiness =60 vm.dirty_background_ratio = 10 vm.dirty_ratio = 20 vm.dirty_expire_centisecs =3000 vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=500 I hazarded some guesses looking at docs and blogs for other types of databases (Oracle, MYSQL, etc.), experimented, and adjusted as below. vm.swappiness=10 vm.dirty_background_ratio=5 vm.dirty_ratio=5 vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=250 vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500 I saw some immediate apparent improvements in read time. However, when I ran my test jobs again, read performance continued to be painfully sluggish during heavy writes. Then, I REBUILT the collection from an available data source - and suddenly I can read at 1ms or less per record WHILE doing the write job! So the question is really two-fold: 1) What are appropriate VM settings for MongoDB on Linux? 2) (bonus) Does Mongo do some checking or optimization with the OS while data is being built? In other words, if I have built a large data set with suboptimal VM or I/O settings, does Mongo make assumptions during the memory-mapping process that will fail to take advantage of optimizations down the road? Obviously I don't fully grok memory mapping under the hood (I was hoping I wouldn't have to). Any help appreciated...thanks! -j

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• MySQL won't start, reinstall fails on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Evils

  My problem started yesterday night when I tried to change the my.cnf config on my ubuntu 12.04 x64 System. I simply tried to changed the bind-address parameter from 127.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.0. A simple restart after a reboot gave this error: stop: Unknown instance: start: Job failed to start I tried to start mysql then by using 'mysqld' which outputs this: 130701 11:05:59 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist 130701 11:05:59 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: 5.5.31 started; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306 130701 11:06:00 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1'; 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'. 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ? 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Aborting 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete Meanwhile I already tried to reinstall and purge the complete mysql package which results in another error which says that dpkg cant change the admins password. While this error appeared another error came with it. When trying to install something new with apt, it always says 'fopen: permission denied' right after it tries to update my man-db. This is my dmesg output: [ 6879.687998] type=1400 audit(1372669683.397:36): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=9336 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 6881.323215] init: mysql main process (9340) terminated with status 1 [ 6881.323316] init: mysql respawning too fast, stopped Any help will be appreciated as this is a productive server which renders useless without mysql.

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• ssh, "Last Login", `last` and OS X

  - by allentown

  I have hit the googles as much as I can on this, being specific to OS X, I am not finding an answer. Nothing is wrong, but curiosity levels are high. $ssh [email protected] Password: Last login: Wed Apr 7 21:28:03 2010 from my-laptop.local ^lonely tylenol^ Line 1 is my command line 2 is the shell asking for the password line 3 is where my question comes from line 4 comes out of /etc/motd I can find nothing in ~/ of an of the .bash* files that contains the string "Last Login", and would like to alter it. It performs some type of hostname lookup, which I can not determine. If I ssh to another host: $ssh [email protected] Last login: Wed Apr 7 21:14:51 2010 from 123-234-321-123-some.cal.isp.net.example hi there, you are on box 456 line 1 is my command line 2 is again, where my question comes from line 3 is from /etc/motd *The dash'd IP address is not reversed On this remote host, I have ~/.ssh and it's corresponding keys set up, so there was no password request Where is the "Last Login:" coming from, where does the date stamp come from, and most importantly, where does the hostname come from? While on [email protected] (box 456) $echo hostname remote.location.example456.com Or with dig, to make sure I have rDNS/PTR set up, for which I am not authoritative, but my ISP has correctly set... $dig -x 123.234.321.123 PTR remote.location.example456.com or $dig PTR 123.321.234.123.in-addr.arpa. +short remote.location.example456.com. my previous hostname used to be 123-234-321-123-some.cal.isp.net.example, which I set with hostname -s remote.location.example456.com, because it was obnoxious to see such a long name. That solves the value of $echo hostname which now returns remote.location.example456.com. Mac OS X, 10.6 is this case, does seem to honor: touch ~/.hushlogin If leave that file empty, I get nothing on the shell when I login. I want to know what controls the host resolution of the IP, and how it is all working. For example, running last reports a huge list of my logins, which have obtusely long hostnames, when they would be preferable to just be remote.location.example456.com. More confusing to me, reading the man page for wtmp and lastlog, it looks like lastlog is not used on OS X, /var/log/lastlog does not exist. Actually, none of these exist on 10.5 or 10.6: /var/run/utmp The utmp file. /var/log/wtmp The wtmp file. /var/log/lastlog The lastlog file. If I am to assume that the system is doing some kind of reverse lookup, I certainly do not know what it is, as it is not an accurate one.

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• Issue using a "used" SSD as a Windows 8.1 Boot Drive

  - by EpiGrad

  So, I'm something of a Mac person, but decided to take a stab at this whole "build yourself a PC" thing - right now, the thing is assembled, posts just fine, and can get to the BIOS. The problem is the drive I want to use - I intended to use a 80 GB Corsair SSD I've had sitting around as the boot drive, and a new Samsung SSD for games and the like. So I boot using a Windows 8.1 install USB stick, and if the Samsung drive is plugged in, it happily offers to install Windows on it. The Corsair drive though, it's flipped out - I reformatted it as a blank NTFS drive (it was HFS for Mac purposes) and the BIOS can't see it, nor can the Windows installer. What's wrong, and how do I fix it? The tools at my disposal are: The current ASUS BIOS that came with my motherboard (a Z87I-Deluxe), a Mac running the latest OS X which can also boot to Windows 7 if needed via either Parallels or Bootcamp. Update 1: Update: Based on a friend's suggestion to switch SATA ports, Windows 8.1's installer can now see the drive as Drive 0, Partition 1, a 83.8 GB "Primary" partition. But when I click it and hit "Next", I get the following error: "We couldn't create a new partition or locate an existing one. For more information, see the Setup log files" - not that it gives any clue how to access those. Update 2: Following a trail of Google suggestions, I ended up going into advanced tools and just reformatting the drive as follows: Start DISKPART. Type LIST DISK and identify your SSD disk number (from 0 to n disks). Type SELECT DISK <n> where <n> is your SSD disk number. Type CLEAN Type CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY Type ACTIVE Type FORMAT FS=NTFS QUICK Type ASSIGN Type EXIT twice (one to get out of DiskPart, the other to exit the command line tool) Per these instructions. This goes well enough, but now I can select the disk for installation, and I get a new error: "Windows 8 cannot be installed to this disk. The selected disk has an MBR partition table. On EFI systems, Windows can only be installed to GP disks." So, Googling that, I do the following: select disk 0 clean convert gpt exit ...and we might have fixed it. Windows is at least trying to install now.

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• Undelivered Mail Returned to Sender

  - by Alex

  When sending to [email protected] via PHP mail() function, I receive mails. When sending emails from external machines, I receive the following (e.g., sending from [email protected]. [mail.ru is Russian gmail]): This is the mail system at host fallback2.mail.ru. I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below. For further assistance, please send mail to <postmaster> If you do so, please include this problem report. You can delete your own text from the attached returned message. The mail system <[email protected]>: lost connection with mail.mydomain.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] while receiving the initial server greeting Reporting-MTA: dns; fallback2.mail.ru X-mPOP-Fallback_MX-Queue-ID: D8C19F2411F1 X-mPOP-Fallback_MX-Sender: rfc822; [email protected] Arrival-Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2013 10:09:21 +0400 (MSK) Final-Recipient: rfc822; [email protected] Original-Recipient: rfc822;[email protected] Action: failed Status: 4.4.2 Diagnostic-Code: X-mPOP-Fallback_MX; lost connection with mail.tld.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] while receiving the initial server greeting Here is my postfix main.cf: command_directory = /usr/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix myhostname = mail.mydomain.com mydomain = mydomain.com myorigin = mydomain.com inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 in_flow_delay = 1s alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases mail_name = mydomain.com daemon debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix setgid_group = postdrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/share/man sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES bounce_queue_lifetime = 4h maximal_queue_lifetime = 4h delay_warning_time = 1h strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes show_user_unknown_table_name = no allow_percent_hack = no swap_bangpath = no smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_error_sleep_time = 20 smtpd_soft_error_limit = 1 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 3 smtpd_junk_command_limit = 2 mydestination = mydomain.com, localhost.localdomain, localhost smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_inet_interfaces smtpd_recipient_limit = 100 virtual_alias_domains = mydomain.com virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination Why emails from external server are not being delivered? Thank you! Update In a log, the following lines appear a lot of times Oct 30 10:48:29 mydomain postfix/smtpd[16216]: connect from fallback5.mail.ru[94.100.176.59] Oct 30 10:48:29 mydomain postfix/smtpd[16216]: warning: SASL: Connect to private/auth failed: Connection refused Oct 30 10:48:29 mydomain postfix/smtpd[16216]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms It appears I have to configure SASL? I would understand if I would like to send emails from postfix, but why do I need it to receive emails?

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• How to install RAID drivers on already installed Windows 7?

  - by happysencha

  64-bit Windows 7 Ultimate 6GB RAM Intel i7 920 Intel X25-M SSD 80GB 2,5" Club 3D Radeon HD5750 GA-EX58-UD4P Motherboard I've been running fine with Windows 7 installed on the SSD. I wanted to create an mirrored Raid-1 setup for backups using two hard disks, so I ordered two Samsung HD203WI. This motherboard supports two different RAID controllers, the Intel's ICH10R and Gigabyte's SATA2 SATA controller. There are 6 SATA ports behind the ICH10R and 2 SATA ports for the Gigabyte controller. I googled around and seemed that the ICH10R is a better choice and since then I've been trying to make it work. When I activate the [RAID] mode from BIOS, the Windows 7 gives BSOD exactly as described by this guy: "Windows 7 will start to boot, it gets to the screen where there are 4 colors coming together and it blue screens and restarts no matter what I do." First thing I did: turned off the RAID and booted to Windows and tried to install the SATA RAID drivers from Gigabyte. I launch the driver installation program and it gives "This computer does not meet the minimum requirements for installing the software" error. I then tried Intel's Rapid Storage Technology drivers (which apparently is the same as the one offered at Gigabyte's site), but it resulted in exactly the same error. I then detached the new Samsung hard disks from the SATA ports, but left the [RAID] enabled in BIOS. To my surprise, it still BSOD'd, so at this point I knew it is an OS/driver issue. Also, I tried with the Gigabyte's RAID enabled (while the ICH10R RAID disabled) and it booted just fine. So then I thought, that maybe I can't install the RAID drivers from within the OS. So I caused the BSOD on purpose once again, and then with ICH10R RAID activated and Samsung hard disks attached, I choose the Windows 7 Recovery mode in the boot menu. It sees some problem(s), tries to repair, does not succeed and does not ask for drivers (which I put on a USB stick) to install. I also tried to use the command-line in the recovery: "rundll32 syssetup, SetupInfObjectInstallAction DefaultInstall 128 iaStor.inf" but it gave "Installation failed." So I'm clueless how should I proceed. Do I really need to re-install Windows 7 and load RAID drivers in the Win7 setup? I don't want to install any OS on the RAID, the Windows 7 is and will be on the SSD. I just want to have a RAID-1 backup using those two hard disks. I mean why would I need to re-install operating system to add RAID setup?

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• Why is Linux choosing the wrong source ip address

  - by Scheintod

  and what to do to let it choose the right one? This all happens inside an OpenVZ container: The Host is Debian/Wheezy with Redhat/OpenVZ Kernel: root@mycl2:~# uname -a Linux mycl2 2.6.32-openvz-042stab081.5-amd64 #1 SMP Mon Sep 30 16:40:27 MSK 2013 x86_64 GNU/Linux The container has two (virtual) network interfaces. One in public and one in private address-space: root@mycl2:~# ifconfig lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.0.2 P-t-P:127.0.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:475 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:775 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:32059 (31.3 KiB) TX bytes:56309 (54.9 KiB) venet0:0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:80.123.123.29 P-t-P:80.123.123.29 Bcast:80.123.123.29 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 venet0:1 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.0.1.29 P-t-P:10.0.1.29 Bcast:10.0.1.29 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 The route to the private network is set manually: root@mycl2:~# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 venet0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 venet0 Tring to ping others on the private network leads to the wrong source address been choosen: root@mycl2:~# ip route get 10.0.1.26 10.0.1.26 dev venet0 src 80.123.123.29 cache mtu 1500 advmss 1460 hoplimit 64 Why is this and what can I do about it? EDIT: If I create the route with (thanks to Joshua) ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 dev venet0 src 10.0.1.29 it is working. But according to man ip-route the src parameter should only set the source-ip if this route is chosen. But if this route is chosen then the source-ip would be that anyway.

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• HttpWebRequest and Ignoring SSL Certificate Errors

  - by Rick Strahl

  Man I can't believe this. I'm still mucking around with OFX servers and it drives me absolutely crazy how some these servers are just so unbelievably misconfigured. I've recently hit three different 3 major brokerages which fail HTTP validation with bad or corrupt certificates at least according to the .NET WebRequest class. What's somewhat odd here though is that WinInet seems to find no issue with these servers - it's only .NET's Http client that's ultra finicky. So the question then becomes how do you tell HttpWebRequest to ignore certificate errors? In WinInet there used to be a host of flags to do this, but it's not quite so easy with WebRequest. Basically you need to configure the CertificatePolicy on the ServicePointManager by creating a custom policy. Not exactly trivial. Here's the code to hook it up: public bool CreateWebRequestObject(string Url) {    try     {        this.WebRequest =  (HttpWebRequest) System.Net.WebRequest.Create(Url);         if (this.IgnoreCertificateErrors)            ServicePointManager.CertificatePolicy = delegate { return true; };}One thing to watch out for is that this an application global setting. There's one global ServicePointManager and once you set this value any subsequent requests will inherit this policy as well, which may or may not be what you want. So it's probably a good idea to set the policy when the app starts and leave it be - otherwise you may run into odd behavior in some situations especially in multi-thread situations.Another way to deal with this is in you application .config file. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} <configuration>   <system.net>     <settings>       <servicePointManager           checkCertificateName="false"           checkCertificateRevocationList="false"                />     </settings>   </system.net> </configuration> This seems to work most of the time, although I've seen some situations where it doesn't, but where the code implementation works which is frustrating. The .config settings aren't as inclusive as the programmatic code that can ignore any and all cert errors - shrug. Anyway, the code approach got me past the stopper issue. It still amazes me that theses OFX servers even require this. After all this is financial data we're talking about here. The last thing I want to do is disable extra checks on the certificates. Well I guess I shouldn't be surprised - these are the same companies that apparently don't believe in XML enough to generate valid XML (or even valid SGML for that matter)...© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in .NET  CSharp  HTTP  

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• ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4

  - by JohnMerlino

  A remote machine running fedora uses openvpn, and multiple developers were successfully able to connect to it via their client openvpn. However, I am running Ubuntu 12.04 and I am having trouble connecting to the server via vpn. I copied ca.crt, home.key, and home.crt from the server to my local machine to /etc/openvpn folder. My client.conf file looks like this: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote xx.xxx.xx.130 1194 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nogroup # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca ca.crt cert home.crt key home.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 But when I start server and look in /var/log/syslog, I notice the following error: May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 172.27.12.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.27.12.37 And I am unable to connect to the server via openvpn: $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host xxx.xx.xx.130 port 22: No route to host What may I be doing wrong?

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• OBIEE 11.1.1 - OBIEE 11g Full Sample App on VMware Player 4

  - by user809526

  The Full Sample App is designed to run on Virtual Box. Let's describe how to run it on VMware Player 4. Open Virtualization Format Tool http://communities.vmware.com/community/vmtn/server/vsphere/automationtools/ovf VMware Player Documentation https://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/player_pubs.html Full Sample App Deployment Guide sampleapp107-vbimage-deployguide-453583.pdf INSTALL VMplayer 4.0.0 as root LINUX # sh VMware-Player-4.0.0-471780.x86_64.bundle (A new VM is not needed and can be deleted later after that installation is completed. "I will install OS later" - blank hard disk Guest: linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5-64bits => rename to RHEL target: eg /a/root/vmware/ Max disk size: 5 GB (will be deleted) Disk: Single file Dummy RHEL.vmk, RHEL.vmdk is generated. "Delete VM from Disk" in VM Player.) Copy Full Sample App files to target /a/root/vmware/ WARNING: Select a target eg /a/root/vmware/ with lots of free space, 95 GB. Check checksums (md5sum). Please do it! ff85c7eacf7fb8c382e98da875e879e1  Sampleapp_v107_GA-disk1.vmdk 973258cb3c7d64ab03ae853278cf2233  Sampleapp_v107_GA-disk2.vmdk e576be16e36d810479736bfb15d050f5  Sampleapp_v107_GA-disk3.vmdk 3455df77279e53e07d5fee6712f1597d  Sampleapp_v107_GA-disk4.vmdk OVF FILE   Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf CONVERSION $ cd /a/root/vmware/ LINUX $ /usr/bin/ovftool -tt=ovf --compress=1 -dm=monolithicSparse Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf .  [dot] Opening OVF source: Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf Warning: No manifest file Opening OVF target: . Writing OVF package: Sampleapp_v107_GA/Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf Disk Transfer Completed                   Completed successfully WINDOWS CYGWIN $ /cygdrive/c/VMwarePlayer/OVFTool/ovftool.exe -tt=ovf --compress=1 -dm=monolithicSparse Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf .  [dot] Opening OVF source: Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf Warning: No manifest file Opening OVF target: . Writing OVF package: Sampleapp_v107_GA\Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf Disk Transfer Completed Completed successfully /a/root/vmware$ du -sk 49095328    .   [50 GB already occupied] IMPORT - First start of VM Player 4: /usr/bin/vmplayer "Open a Virtual Machine" Browse to /a/root/vmware/Sampleapp_v107_GA/Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf [the new generated .ovf] "Import Virtual Machine" dialog Name: Sampleapp_v107_GA Location: /a/root/vmware/Sampleapp_v107_GA/storage [was /home/tdubois/vmware/Sampleapp_v107_GA] "Import" "The import failed because /a/root/vmware/Sampleapp_v107_GA/Sampleapp_v107_GA.ovf did not pass OVF specification conformance or virtual hardware compliance checks. Click Retry to relax OVF specification..." "Retry" ; Long import /a/root/vmware/Sampleapp_v107_GA/storage/Sampleapp_v107_GA.vmx and new .vmdk files are created. /a/root/vmware$ du -sk 95551384    .   [95 GB occupied] Full Sample App GUEST SETUP "Edit VM settings" min 3GB, 2+ processors, network bridged. For OBIEE + Essbase testing use 8 GB RAM hardware. At first time lauch of Full Sample App, leave OEL booting for several minutes undisturbed. Problem with X display server may occur [/usr/bin/Xorg ; man Xorg]. "Failed to start the X server.... Would you like to view the X server output to diagnose the problem?" "No" [tab key] "Would you like to try to configure the X server? Note that you will need the root password for this." "Yes" [oracle] X Display Settings 800x600 saved in /etc/X11/xorg.conf "Trying to restart the X server" Login as root/oracle in guest OEL. In guest OEL, Virtual Machine > Install VMware Tools... Extract archive VMwareTools-8.8.0-471268.tar.gz all files in writable local directory eg /root In Terminal run Perl script # cd /root/vmware-tools-distrib ; ./vmware-install.pl [keep all default answers] Set keyboard layout System > Preferences > Keyboard > Layouts Restart X server eg System > Log Out root... , relogin Modify X resolution System > Preferences > Screen Resolution Full Sample App OEL login: oracle/oracle ; root/oracle [default US keyboard layout] Credentials are described in the 'sampleapp107-vbimage-deployguide-453583.pdf' The large files in /a/root/vmware/ /a/root/vmware/Sampleapp_v107_GA/ may be removed. FAILURE REMARK: Adding the 4 original Sampleapp_v107_GA-disks[1234].vmdk to VM Player does NOT work as described below. "Edit VM settings" "Remove" "Hard Disk" "Edit VM settings" "Add" "Hard Disk" "Next" "Use an existing virtual disk" "Browse" "Finish" "Keep existing format" "Ok" for each 4 disks settings one by one. Start VM Player 4. "You do not have write access to a partition" Allow all Sampleapp_v107 OEL linux launches. OEL stalls silently after 'Checking filesystems'.

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• Ask How-To Geek: Dropbox in the Start Menu, Understanding Symlinks, and Ripping TV Series DVDs

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  This week we take a look at how to incorporate Dropbox into your Windows Start Menu, understanding and using symbolic links, and how to rip your TV series DVDs right to unique and high-quality episode files. Once a week we dip into our reader mailbag and help readers solve their problems, sharing the useful solutions with you in the process. Read on to see our fixes for this week’s reader dilemmas. Add Drobox to Your Start Menu Dear How-To Geek, I use Dropbox all the time and would like to add it right onto my start menu along side the other major shortcuts like Documents, Pictures, etc. It seems like adding Dropbox into the menu should be part of the Dropbox installation package! Sincerely, Dropboxing in Des Moines Dear Dropboxing, We agree, it would be a nice installation option. As it stands you’re going to have to do a little simple hacking to get Dropbox nestled neatly into your start menu. The hack isn’t super elegant but when you’re done you’ll have the link you want and it’ll look like it was there all along. Check out this step-by-step guide here in order to take an existing Library shortcut and rework it to be a Dropbox link. Understanding and Using Symbolic Links Dear How-To Geek, I was talking to a coworker the other day about an issue I’d been having with a media center application I’m running. He suggested using symbolic links to better organize my media and make it easier for the application to access my collection. I had no idea what he was talking about and never got a chance to bug him about it later. Can you clear up this whole symbolic links business for me? I’ve been using computers for years and I’ve never even heard of it! Sincerely, Symbolic Who? Dear Symbolic, Symbolic links aren’t commonly used by many Windows users which is why you likely haven’t run into the concept. Symbolic links are essentially supercharged shortcuts—the newly introduced Windows library system is really just a type of symbolic link system. You can use symbolic links to do all sorts of neat stuff like link folders to your Dropbox folder, organize media, and more. The concept of symbolic links is pretty simple but the execution can be really tricky. We’d suggest reading over our guide to creating symbolic links in Windows 7, Windows XP, and Ubunutu to get a clearer idea what you’re getting into. Rip Your TV DVDs into Handy Episode Files Dear How-To Geek, My wife got me an iPod for Christmas and I still haven’t got around to filling it up. I have tons of entire TV show seasons on DVD and would like to get them on the iPod but I have absolutely no idea where to start. How do I get the shows off the discs? I thought it would be as easy to import the TV shows into iTunes as it is to import tracks off a CD but I was totally wrong. I tried downloading some applications to rip them but those didn’t work at all. Very frustrating! Surely there is an easy and/or automated way to do this, right? Sincerely, Free My DVDs Dear DVDs, Oh man is this a frustration we can relate to. It’s inordinately difficult to get movies and TV shows off physical media and into digital (and portable media player-friendly) formats. There are a multitude of ways to rip DVDs and quite a few applications out there (some good, some mediocre, and some outright malware). We’d recommend a two-part punch to solve your ripping woes. You’ll need a copy of DVDFab to strip away the protections on the discs and rip the disc and Handbrake to load the disc image and convert the files. It’s not quite as smooth as the CD-to-iTunes workflow but it’s still pretty easy. Check out all the steps and settings you’ll want to toggle here. Have a question you want to put before the How-To Geek staff? Shoot us an email at [email protected] and then keep an eye out for a solution in the Ask How-To Geek column. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC Internet Explorer 9 RC Now Available: Here’s the Most Interesting New Stuff Here’s a Super Simple Trick to Defeating Fake Anti-Virus Malware How to Change the Default Application for Android Tasks Stop Believing TV’s Lies: The Real Truth About "Enhancing" Images The How-To Geek Valentine’s Day Gift Guide Inspire Geek Love with These Hilarious Geek Valentines Google’s New Personal Blocklist Extension Kills Search Engine Spam KeyCounter Tracks Your Keystrokes and Mouse Clicks Add Custom LED Ambient Lighting to Your PC or Media Center The Trackor Monitors Amazon Prices; Integrates with Chrome, Firefox, and Safari Four Awesome TRON Legacy Themes for Chrome and Iron Anger is Illogical – Old School Style Instructional Video [Star Trek Mashup]

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