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  • SafeOffice 500 - how to enable VPN access to another network (out)

    - by Dani
    Hi, I have a safe office 500 box at my edge. (checkpoint's hardware firewall) I'm trying to connect to another office VPN using windows 7 pptp connection. It fails (saying something about enabling GRE). (after authenticating, hangs for a while, than give the error message.) Using the same computer with direct internet access (not behind the firewalls) works fine and I get connected. how do I setup the safe office to enable me to use vpn (pptp) out connections.

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  • Cisco: unable to negotiate IP using IPCP with Windows server

    - by lnk
    I am connecting to Windows server using PPP (for vpn), I establish connection but server does not respond me for my address requests: *Mar 23 00:40:06.055: Vi1 MS-CHAP-V2: I CHALLENGE id 0 len 25 from "MSDC" *Mar 23 00:40:06.063: Vi1 MS CHAP V2: Using hostname from interface CHAP *Mar 23 00:40:06.063: Vi1 MS CHAP V2: Using password from interface CHAP *Mar 23 00:40:06.067: Vi1 MS-CHAP-V2: O RESPONSE id 0 len 69 from "XXX" *Mar 23 00:40:06.087: Vi1 PPP: I pkt type 0xC223, datagramsize 50 link[ppp] *Mar 23 00:40:06.087: Vi1 MS-CHAP-V2: I SUCCESS id 0 len 46 msg is "S=XXX" *Mar 23 00:40:06.087: Vi1 MS CHAP V2 No Password found for : XXX *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 MS CHAP V2 Check AuthenticatorResponse Success for : XXX *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:07.091: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up *Mar 23 00:40:07.091: Vi1 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 1 len 12 magic 0x194CAFCF *Mar 23 00:40:07.103: Vi1 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 1 len 12 magic 0x361B62E5 *Mar 23 00:40:07.103: Vi1 LCP-FS: Received id 1, sent id 1, line up *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 2 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 3 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 4 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:12.211: Vi1 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 2 len 12 magic 0x194CAFCF *Mar 23 00:40:12.219: Vi1 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 2 len 12 magic 0x361B62E5 *Mar 23 00:40:12.219: Vi1 LCP-FS: Received id 2, sent id 2, line up *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 5 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 6 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:17.331: Vi1 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 3 len 12 magic 0x194CAFCF *Mar 23 00:40:17.343: Vi1 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 3 len 12 magic 0x361B62E5 *Mar 23 00:40:17.343: Vi1 LCP-FS: Received id 3, sent id 3, line up You see: My router asks for address, but only keepalives are on line. But the same server works with windows client!! ! version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption service internal ! hostname Router ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ! resource policy ! ip subnet-zero ! ! ip cef vpdn enable ! vpdn-group pptp request-dialin protocol pptp pool-member 1 initiate-to ip XXXX ! ! ! ! ! ! ! bridge irb ! ! interface ATM0 no ip address shutdown no atm ilmi-keepalive dsl operating-mode auto ! interface FastEthernet0 ! interface FastEthernet1 ! interface FastEthernet2 ! interface FastEthernet3 ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address shutdown speed basic-1.0 basic-2.0 basic-5.5 6.0 9.0 basic-11.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 station-role root ! interface Vlan1 no ip address bridge-group 1 ! interface Dialer0 ip address negotiated encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 dialer idle-timeout 0 dialer string XXX dialer persistent dialer vpdn dialer-group 1 keepalive 5 3 no cdp enable ppp authentication ms-chap-v2 optional ppp eap refuse ppp chap hostname XXX ppp chap password 0 XXX ppp ipcp mask request ppp ipcp ignore-map ppp ipcp address accept ! interface BVI1 mac-address XXX.XXX.XXX ip address dhcp ! ip classless ip route 172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Dialer0 ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! control-plane ! bridge 1 protocol vlan-bridge bridge 1 route ip ! line con 0 no modem enable line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! scheduler max-task-time 5000 end

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  • Show command prompt on reboot

    - by LinuxPenseur
    Hi, In one of my linux machines, when i give reboot command at the shell command prompt then press enter, i get another command prompt and then the system reboots. $reboot $ But in one of my office Linux machines, when i give the reboot command, it suddenly reboots without showing another shell command prompt What could be the reason for this? I need the first behavior to be present in my office machine also. Kindly tell me where i should tweak my office machine. Thanks

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  • Remote Desktop over SSH SOCKS proxy to bypass firewall

    - by scrumpyjack
    Hi folks, I'm trying to connect to a Windows server from my Mac using RDC2.1 for Mac. The problem is the server I need to connect to is guarded by the evil dragon - IP-based access control on a completely separate network. I have an IP I can get in on, but it's at my office (i.e. a completely separate network). Because that network isn't set up for VPN, I've set up a SOCKS proxy through an SSH tunnel (which is all working fine). (SSH proxy) Me (on my Mac) ----------> Office Linux box ----> Windows server (home network) (office network) (other network) From my Linux server in my office (the SSH server) I can telnet to port 3389 on the Windows server, no problem. But from my Mac I can't get so much as a squeak out of it. Any ideas?

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  • Group policy to disable notifications of particular errors?

    - by resolver101
    How do i disable the notifications of particular errors? A little background to my issue. During the installation of the Kaspersky, it disables all the windows firewall for all except the domain. I have remedied this by creating an offline policy in Kaspersky which enables the Kaspersky firewall when out of the office (ie not connected to the office network). The problem now is that users in the office now see a notification showing that the firewall is disabled even though it’s enabled in all scenarios. It’s just that work and home show as disabled when the clients are connected to the office LAN. I’ve looked into the notifications and you can disable the notification (not recommended) but I don’t want to do this incase other relevant messages are stopped from being displayed. http://blogs.technet.com/b/networking/archive/2010/12/16/disabling-firewall-alerts-in-the-action-center.aspx

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  • Windows Server 2008 R2 backup includes volume with MSSQL data

    - by J F
    I'm using wbadmin to schedule image backup every night on a Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard server. Ever since installing MS-SQL 2008 Express R2, wbadmin wants to also backup the volume where the MS-SQL data files are located (L:). I'm using -allCritical to make sure bare metal restore will work. command-line: wbadmin start backup -backupTarget:\\myserver\backup$\myserver\%DATE% -include:C: -allCritical -quiet I don't want to do this, because I'm backing up MS-SQL manually elsewhere. It worked just fine only taking C: before I installed MS-SQL.

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  • Providing internet access to users in an Enterprise (MPLS ) Network

    - by Vivek Bernard
    Scenario I'm planning to setup a typical Head Office - Branch Office(s) Network Setup. there will be 25 branch offices in India of two will be overseas (one in US and the other in UK). All these will be connected via MPLS. Additional details: No of Concurrent users in each office is going to be 25 tranlating to 650 users The requirement is to provide "proxied" internet connectivity to the branch offices. How should I go about doing it? Plan A: Buying an internet leased line in the Head Office and distribute it through an internal proxy server to all the branches Plan B Buying separate internet lines for all the branches and setup individual proxies to all the branch offices.

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  • Where do vendors publish internal transfer rates of HDDs?

    - by red888
    So I've started to dig into storage fundamentals and found that in order to calculate the IOPS of a HDD you need to know the internal transfer rate of the drive (time it takes data to move from the platters to internal disk's cache). I went on newegg and even a few vendor sites and could not find this info published for any HDDs. Is it sometimes called something else? Take this link to a seagate HDD for instance. Nowhere do I see "internal transfer rate", but I do see something called "Sustained Data Rate OD"- is that the same thing? Just so you know where I'm getting this info (Book: "Information Storage and Management Storing, Managing..."): Consider an example with the following specifications provided for a disk: The average seek time is 5 ms in a random I/O environment; therefore, T = 5 ms. Disk rotation speed of 15,000 revolutions per minute or 250 revolutions per second — from which rotational latency (L) can be determined, which is one-half of the time taken for a full rotation or L = (0.5/250 rps expressed in ms). 40 MB/s internal data transfer rate, from which the internal transfer time (X) is derived based on the block size of the I/O — for example, an I/O with a block size of 32 KB; therefore X = 32 KB/40 MB. Consequently, the time taken by the I/O controller to serve an I/O of block size 32 KB is (TS) = 5 ms + (0.5/250) + 32 KB/40 MB = 7.8 ms. Therefore, the maximum number of I/Os serviced per second or IOPS is (1/TS) = 1/(7.8 × 10^-3) = 128 IOPS.

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  • Where can I download Microsoft VC80.CRT version 8.0.50608.0 ?

    - by Leonel
    Hi, I've just installed Microsoft Office Home and Student 2007 in Windows XP SP3 When trying to run MS word or any other office app (Excel, PowerPoint), I get the following message: this application has failed to start because the application configuration is incorrect This also happens with other applications, for instance, Acrobat Reader. A bit of Googling around this error message suggests that this might be due to a mismatch of library versions. In fact, most of the articles and forum messages I found mention a programmer writing an application in Visual C++ and sending it to someone else, who then runs into that error. This is hardly my case ! I looked into Office's files and the manifest file for Excel suggests that Office is trying to use Microsoft VC80.CRT version 8.0.50608.0. However, in my Windows System folder, I can only find the assemblies for 8.0.50727.762 My next step will be trying to find version 8.0.50608.0. How can I find and download it ?

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  • How do I analyze an Apache Bench result?

    - by Alan Hoffmeister
    I need some help with analyzing a log from Apache Bench: Benchmarking texteli.com (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Completed 600 requests Completed 700 requests Completed 800 requests Completed 900 requests Completed 1000 requests Finished 1000 requests Server Software: Server Hostname: texteli.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: /4f84b59c557eb79321000dfa Document Length: 13400 bytes Concurrency Level: 200 Time taken for tests: 37.030 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 13524000 bytes HTML transferred: 13400000 bytes Requests per second: 27.01 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 7406.024 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 37.030 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 356.66 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 27 37 19.5 34 319 Processing: 80 6273 1673.7 6907 8987 Waiting: 47 3436 2085.2 3345 8856 Total: 115 6310 1675.8 6940 9022 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 6940 66% 6968 75% 6988 80% 7007 90% 7025 95% 7078 98% 8410 99% 8876 100% 9022 (longest request) What this results can tell me? Isn't 27 rps too slow?

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  • Slow RDP after server joins domain

    - by Chris Grove
    We're having RDP issues with Amazon cloud servers that we recently joined to an Active Directory domain. The setup is: A local office network A virtual private cloud in Amazon An IPSec tunnel between the two networks A number of Windows 2008 R2 servers on both networks An AD domain (call it abc.net), with one domain controller in each network. The domain controllers are both new, fresh installs. Before we had the domain set up we had local accounts for the cloud computers which were used for RDP access. Our idea was to get all of the servers on to the domain so we could use domain logins instead of per-server local logins. Before the cloud servers were in the domain, RDP (from the office network or through a VPN to the cloud) worked great. After we joined the cloud servers to the domain, RDP from the office became very slow - a few minutes to log in, long frequent pauses when the interface is unresponsive, generally just a slow and frustrating experience. This is a problem regardless of whether a domain or local login is used for RDP. Oddly, when outside of the office network and connecting to the cloud directly with the VPN, RDP is still very responsive. Any idea why RDP from office to cloud is suddenly very slow after the cloud servers join the domain? What can I look at in our configuration to address this? Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • outlook freezes on splash screen - loading profile

    - by sammarcow
    I have a user with a frustrating application crash issue without Outlook: Windows 7 x64 Outlook 2010 crashes on the splash screen with the message "loading profile." I have deleted the users .ost file in "..\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook\" and this crash occurs for multiple users including those with administrator privileges. I have also tried running outlook at the command prompt as an admin with the /safe command-line switch. I tried the repair utility in "programs and features by clicking Change after selecting Microsoft Office:" ~~ Microsoft office failed to successfully repair your product . I tried to uninstall Microsoft Office ~~ Microsoft Office failed to successfully uninstall this product. I am trying to avoid reimaging the machine for obvious reasons. Is there anything else I can try or insight any one has on this issue?

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  • Windows Server 2003 Router, Good approach [closed]

    - by jM2.me
    Possible Duplicate: Windows Server 2003 Router with PortForwarding Situation We have Verizon Fios 25/25 Internet Connection, Server acting as a router, and around 12 office computers. Task Portforward port 29000 from office computer. Problem Once I connected wan and lan cables I just had to set static lan ip (on server) and plug in switch with office computers into second nic. Then just right click on wan nic and select share internet connection. All office computers were assigned with an IP address 192.168.0.XXX and Gateway 192.168.0.1 (server). Now I have to open port and portfoward it from computer 192.168.0.190 (static ip, manual). Using this guide http://www.rosscode.com/blog/index.php?title=port_forwarding_in_windows_2003&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 I faced a problem. Before enabling "RRA" I had to unshare internet connection (wan interface) and was able to setup network. Now how do I setup a network within "RRA" and share internet with private network? Thank you much

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  • Why "scope link" ipv6 address can be pinged via interfaces which they are not active on

    - by olagu
    [root@2_01 ~]# /sbin/ip -6 addr show pubeth0 inet6 2001:1::6/64 scope global inet6 2001:1::1/64 scope global inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8/64 scope link [root@v2_01 ~]# /sbin/ip -6 addr show pubeth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f906/64 scope link [root@2_01 ~]# ping6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8%pubeth1 PING fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8%pubeth1(fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.259 ms --- fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8%pubeth1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 286ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.259/0.259/0.259/0.000 ms [root@2_01 ~]# ping6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8%pubeth0 PING fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8%pubeth0(fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms --- fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8%pubeth0 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 390ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.057/0.057/0.057/0.000 ms Why can I ping6 "fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:f9e8" via pubeth1?

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  • why can't i delete this file on my pc

    - by ooo
    i am trying to install some software and it requires removing the following file: cd %SYSTEMROOT%\assembly\GAC rename Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.Old the problem is when i do the rename it looks like its successful but it doesn't seem to actually delete Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook i tried to explicitally do: del Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook and again it looks like it works but then when i do a "dir" i still see that file. Do you have any suggestions on why this wouldn't allow me to delete this file. I have outlook closed when i am doing this so i wouldn't think outlook is locking the file.

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  • View Webserver Form Internal and Extenal

    - by Just4Net
    We have a web server hosted out of our office, and it works fine when people access the site from outside the office. The problem is that when people are inside the office and go to the website (www.example.com) it's very slow, as it goes out over the internet and comes back in. Or LAN is Windows with Active Directory and our web server is CentOS with its own internet connection. How can I set when users in my office want see website opens it from local network instead of going out of one internet connection and back in through the other?

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  • How do I assess the capacity of my link for Active Directory needs?

    - by adon
    I'm working for a company that has a head office and some remote sites. We have an Active Directory server in the head office and we now want all of the users in the remote sites to join and work on the domain at the head office. I want to assess our bandwidth to see if we have enough to carry all the traffic between offices smoothly. What can I do or which tool can I use for the assessment and statistics?

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  • Announcing RSS feeds of Microsoft All-In-One Code Framework code samples

    - by Jialiang
    Today, we are not only announcing Sample Browser v2 CTP, but we are also excited to announce the availability of RSS feeds of All-In-One Code Framework code samples. By using these feeds, you can easily track and download the new code samples. English RSS feeds All code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/rss.xml ASP.NET code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/ASPNET.xml Silverlight code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Silverlight.xml Azure code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Azure.xml COM code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/COM.xml Data Platform code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Data%20Platform.xml Library code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Library.xml Office dev code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Office.xml VSX code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/VSX.xml Windows 7 code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%207.xml Windows Forms code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20Forms.xml Windows General code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20General.xml Windows Service code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20Service.xml Windows Shell code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20Shell.xml Windows UI code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20UI.xml WPF code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/WPF.xml ??RSS?? ??????:http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/rss.xml ASP.NET????:http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/ASPNET.xml Silverlight????:http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Silverlight.xml Azure ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Azure.xml COM ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/COM.xml Data Platform ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Data%20Platform.xml Library ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Library.xml Office dev ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Office.xml VSX ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/VSX.xml Windows 7 ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%207.xml Windows Forms ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20Forms.xml Windows General ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20General.xml Windows Service ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20Service.xml Windows Shell ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20Shell.xml Windows UI ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20UI.xml WPF ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/WPF.xml

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  • Can&rsquo;t eject external USB or Firewire drive in Windows 7

    - by Kelly Jones
    As a SharePoint developer, I work a lot with Virtual Machines (presently using Windows Virtual PC, with Windows 7).  I’m using these VMs with my laptop, and in order to get better performance, I’ve moved them to external hard drives.  (These drives have faster RPMs, larger caches, and a larger capacity, than the internal drive.)  I have one large external drive at home, another similar drive at the office, and a small, slow portable drive that I carry with me. So, at the end of each day at the office, I copy the files from the external drive to my portable drive and then once I get home, I copy them from the portable to the larger external drive I leave at home.  I do this for a couple of reasons: so I can work at home and secondly, so I have backup copies.  (Often, I feel like I’m in the movie “Office Space” when copying the files before I leave the office). Anyway, after the files are copied, I safely eject the external drives, and then hibernate my laptop.  I’ve been doing this for over a year now, but within the last couple of months I started to have issues disconnecting the drives.  Intermittently, some application/process would have a lock on some file on the drive that would keep Windows from safely ejecting it. After looking into it, I found that it was actually the Windows search service that was accessing the drive! Since I wasn’t using Windows search to look for stuff on these drives, I removed them as locations to index. To do this in Windows 7, you need to go to Indexing Options (just type “Indexing” into the search box in the Start menu…).  One of the choices displayed will then be Indexing Options, so click on it and you should then see a window similar to this:   Click on the Modify button and you’ll see this window: Notice the different drives listed above.  My “FreeAgent XTreme (F:)” drive was checked for some reason, which was causing the indexing service to scan the drive looking for new files to make available in the search results.  Ever since I unchecked this box, I’ve been able to safely eject the drive.

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  • guvcview recording video and audio out of synchronisation in Ubuntu 10.10

    - by SIJAR
    I finally got Guvcview, a great software for Logitech webcam and it does all the stuff that one wants out of it. But I'm not satisfy with the video recording, video and audio out of synchronisation also video seems to be in slow motion. Please help so that I can tweak in and get a good video recording with the webcam. Below is the log of Guvcview ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- guvcview 1.4.1 video_device: /dev/video0 vid_sleep: 0 cap_meth: 1 resolution: 640 x 480 windowsize: 1024 x 715 vert pane: 578 spin behavior: 0 mode: mjpg fps: 1/25 Display Fps: 0 bpp: 0 hwaccel: 1 avi_format: 4 sound: 1 sound Device: 4 sound samp rate: 0 sound Channels: 0 Sound delay: 0 nanosec Sound Format: 85 Pan Step: 2 degrees Tilt Step: 2 degrees Video Filter Flags: 0 image inc: 0 profile(default):/home/sijar/default.gpfl starting portaudio... bt_audio_service_open: connect() failed: Connection refused (111) bt_audio_service_open: connect() failed: Connection refused (111) bt_audio_service_open: connect() failed: Connection refused (111) bt_audio_service_open: connect() failed: Connection refused (111) Cannot connect to server socket err = No such file or directory Cannot connect to server socket jack server is not running or cannot be started language catalog= dir:/usr/share/locale type:UTF-8 lang:en_US.utf8 cat:guvcview.mo mjpg: setting format to 1196444237 capture method = 1 video device: /dev/video0 libv4lconvert: warning more framesizes then I can handle! libv4lconvert: warning more framesizes then I can handle! /dev/video0 - device 1 libv4lconvert: warning more framesizes then I can handle! libv4lconvert: warning more framesizes then I can handle! Init. UVC Camera (046d:0825) (location: usb-0000:00:1d.7-5) { pixelformat = 'YUYV', description = 'YUV 4:2:2 (YUYV)' } { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 160, height = 120 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 176, height = 144 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 320, height = 176 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 320, height = 240 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 352, height = 288 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 432, height = 240 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 544, height = 288 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, { discrete: width = 640, height = 360 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, 1/25, 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/5, ... repeats a couple of times ... vid:046d pid:0825 driver:uvcvideo Adding control for Pan (relative) UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error: Operation not permitted checking format: 1196444237 VIDIOC_G_COMP:: Invalid argument compression control not supported fps is set to 1/25 drawing controls control[0]: 0x980900 Brightness, 0:255:1, default 128 control[0]: 0x980901 Contrast, 0:255:1, default 32 control[0]: 0x980902 Saturation, 0:255:1, default 32 control[0]: 0x98090c White Balance Temperature, Auto, 0:1:1, default 1 control[0]: 0x980913 Gain, 0:255:1, default 0 control[0]: 0x980918 Power Line Frequency, 0:2:1, default 2 control[0]: 0x98091a White Balance Temperature, 0:10000:10, default 4000 control[0]: 0x98091b Sharpness, 0:255:1, default 24 control[0]: 0x98091c Backlight Compensation, 0:1:1, default 1 control[0]: 0x9a0901 Exposure, Auto, 0:3:1, default 3 control[0]: 0x9a0902 Exposure (Absolute), 1:10000:1, default 166 control[0]: 0x9a0903 Exposure, Auto Priority, 0:1:1, default 0 resolutions of format(2) = 19 frame rates of 1º resolution=6 Def. Res: 0 numb. fps:6 --------------------------------------- device #0 Name = Intel 82801DB-ICH4: Intel 82801DB-ICH4 (hw:0,0) Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 2, Max outputs = 2 Def. low input latency = 0.012 Def. low output latency = 0.012 Def. high input latency = 0.046 Def. high output latency = 0.046 Def. sample rate = 44100.00 --------------------------------------- device #1 Name = Intel 82801DB-ICH4: Intel 82801DB-ICH4 - MIC ADC (hw:0,1) Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 2, Max outputs = 0 Def. low input latency = 0.011 Def. low output latency = -1.000 Def. high input latency = 0.043 Def. high output latency = -1.000 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #2 Name = Intel 82801DB-ICH4: Intel 82801DB-ICH4 - MIC2 ADC (hw:0,2) Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 2, Max outputs = 0 Def. low input latency = 0.011 Def. low output latency = -1.000 Def. high input latency = 0.043 Def. high output latency = -1.000 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #3 Name = Intel 82801DB-ICH4: Intel 82801DB-ICH4 - ADC2 (hw:0,3) Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 2, Max outputs = 0 Def. low input latency = 0.011 Def. low output latency = -1.000 Def. high input latency = 0.043 Def. high output latency = -1.000 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #4 Name = Intel 82801DB-ICH4: Intel 82801DB-ICH4 - IEC958 (hw:0,4) Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 0, Max outputs = 2 Def. low input latency = -1.000 Def. low output latency = 0.011 Def. high input latency = -1.000 Def. high output latency = 0.043 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #5 Name = USB Device 0x46d:0x825: USB Audio (hw:1,0) Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 1, Max outputs = 0 Def. low input latency = 0.011 Def. low output latency = -1.000 Def. high input latency = 0.043 Def. high output latency = -1.000 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #6 Name = front Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 0, Max outputs = 2 Def. low input latency = -1.000 Def. low output latency = 0.012 Def. high input latency = -1.000 Def. high output latency = 0.046 Def. sample rate = 44100.00 --------------------------------------- device #7 Name = iec958 Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 0, Max outputs = 2 Def. low input latency = -1.000 Def. low output latency = 0.011 Def. high input latency = -1.000 Def. high output latency = 0.043 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #8 Name = spdif Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 0, Max outputs = 2 Def. low input latency = -1.000 Def. low output latency = 0.011 Def. high input latency = -1.000 Def. high output latency = 0.043 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #9 Name = pulse Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 32, Max outputs = 32 Def. low input latency = 0.012 Def. low output latency = 0.012 Def. high input latency = 0.046 Def. high output latency = 0.046 Def. sample rate = 44100.00 --------------------------------------- device #10 Name = dmix Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 0, Max outputs = 2 Def. low input latency = -1.000 Def. low output latency = 0.043 Def. high input latency = -1.000 Def. high output latency = 0.043 Def. sample rate = 48000.00 --------------------------------------- device #11 [ Default Input, Default Output ] Name = default Host API = ALSA Max inputs = 32, Max outputs = 32 Def. low input latency = 0.012 Def. low output latency = 0.012 Def. high input latency = 0.046 Def. high output latency = 0.046 Def. sample rate = 44100.00 ---------------------------------------------- SampleRate:0 Channels:0 Video driver: x11 A window manager is available VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS for multiple controls failed (error -1) using VIDIOC_S_CTRL for user class controls control(0x0098091a) "White Balance Temperature" failed to set (error -1) VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS for multiple controls failed (error -1) using VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS on single controls for class: 0x009a0000 control(0x009a0902) "Exposure (Absolute)" failed to set (error -1) VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS for multiple controls failed (error -1) using VIDIOC_S_CTRL for user class controls control(0x0098091a) "White Balance Temperature" failed to set (error -1) VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS for multiple controls failed (error -1) using VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS on single controls for class: 0x009a0000 control(0x009a0902) "Exposure (Absolute)" failed to set (error -1) Cap Video toggled: 1 (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25371756K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K using audio codec: 0x0055 Audio frame size is 1152 samples for selected codec IO thread started...OK [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2 Cache64 [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]profile Baseline, level 3.0 [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]non-strictly-monotonic PTS shift sound by -9 ms shift sound by -9 ms shift sound by -9 ms AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data ... repeats a couple of times ... AUDIO: droping audio data (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25371748K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data ... repeats a couple of times ... Cap Video toggled: 0 Shuting Down IO Thread AUDIO: droping audio data stop= 4426644744000 start=4416533023000 VIDEO: 146 frames in 10111.000000 ms = 14.439719 fps Stoping audio stream Closing audio stream... close avi Last message repeated 145 times [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]frame I:2 Avg QP:14.10 size: 24492 [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]frame P:103 Avg QP:16.06 size: 20715 [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]mb I I16..4: 48.4% 0.0% 51.6% [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]mb P I16..4: 57.5% 0.0% 0.0% P16..4: 40.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% skip: 2.3% [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]final ratefactor: 62.05 [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 79.7% 92.2% 68.4% inter: 62.4% 87.5% 48.0% [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]i16 v,h,dc,p: 23% 17% 41% 19% [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 30% 24% 26% 2% 5% 3% 3% 3% 4% [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]i8c dc,h,v,p: 53% 20% 23% 4% [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]ref P L0: 63.0% 37.0% [libx264 @ 0x8cbd8b0]kb/s:-0.00 total frames encoded: 0 total audio frames encoded: 0 IO thread finished...OK IO Thread finished enabling controls Cap Video toggled: 1 (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25379744K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K using audio codec: 0x0055 Audio frame size is 1152 samples for selected codec IO thread started...OK [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2 Cache64 [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]profile Baseline, level 3.0 [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]non-strictly-monotonic PTS shift sound by -236 ms shift sound by -236 ms shift sound by -236 ms (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25377044K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25373408K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data ... repeats a couple of times ... (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25370696K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data AUDIO: droping audio data ... repeats a couple of times ... (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25367680K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25364052K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25360312K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25356628K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25352908K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25349316K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25345552K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25341828K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25338092K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K (/home/sijar/Videos/Webcam) 25334412K bytes free on a total of 39908968K (used: 36 %) treshold=51200K Cap Video toggled: 0 Shuting Down IO Thread stop= 4708817235000 start=4578624714000 VIDEO: 1604 frames in 130192.000000 ms = 12.320265 fps Stoping audio stream Closing audio stream... close avi Last message repeated 1603 times [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]frame I:16 Avg QP:14.78 size: 42627 [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]frame P:1547 Avg QP:16.44 size: 28599 [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]mb I I16..4: 21.6% 0.0% 78.4% [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]mb P I16..4: 28.1% 0.0% 0.0% P16..4: 70.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% skip: 1.4% [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]final ratefactor: 88.17 [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 74.4% 95.8% 83.2% inter: 75.2% 94.6% 69.2% [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]i16 v,h,dc,p: 27% 17% 40% 16% [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 25% 25% 21% 3% 6% 4% 5% 4% 7% [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]i8c dc,h,v,p: 61% 18% 18% 4% [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]ref P L0: 64.0% 36.0% [libx264 @ 0x8cfba20]kb/s:-0.00 total frames encoded: 0 total audio frames encoded: 0 IO thread finished...OK IO Thread finished enabling controls Shuting Down Thread Thread terminated... cleaning Thread allocations: 100% SDL Quit Video Thread finished write /home/sijar/.guvcviewrc OK free audio mutex closed v4l2 strutures free controls free controls - vidState cleaned allocations - 100% Closing portaudio ...OK Closing GTK... OK

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  • IASA South East Florida Chapter February Meeting Report

    - by Rainer Habermann
    IASA South East Florida Chapter – February Meeting The topic for our February chapter meeting was Legal Issues in IT. Ms. Kennedy, Intellectual Property Attorney with an active litigation, trademark and copyright practice, presented: How Google, Wal-Mart & Apple Make their Millions – The Secret Ingredient: Intellectual Property This topic initiated great interest and the meeting room at Microsoft Ft. Lauderdale filled up to the last seat. Most Architects, Engineers, and MBA’s are not aware about Intellectual Property, Basic Patent, Trademark, or legal issues related to the web. After clarifying the basic definitions, Ms. Kennedy explained in detail how intellectual property issues could make or break a company. Members had the opportunity at the end of the presentation to ask questions, discuss legal problems, and several members shared their experiences related to Intellectual Property and other IT related issues. If you want to protect your ideas and intellectual property, you have to be aware of the implications and need to take the right steps in order to protect them. All Chapter Members agreed that it was an outstanding and lively presentation. Ms. Kennedy presented high quality content and made participants aware of legal IT issues. In the name of all chapter members, thank you Ms. Kennedy for taking the time for this amazing presentation and to Quent Herschelman for hosting the meeting. Rainer Habermann President IASA South East Florida Chapter

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  • Going Paperless

    - by Jesse
    One year ago I came to work for a company where the entire development team is 100% “remote”; we’re spread over 3 time zones and each of us works from home. This seems to be an increasingly popular way for people to work and there are many articles and blog posts out there enumerating the advantages and disadvantages of working this way. I had read a lot about telecommuting before accepting this job and felt as if I had a pretty decent idea of what I was getting into, but I’ve encountered a few things over the past year that I did not expect. Among the most surprising by-products of working from home for me has been a dramatic reduction in the amount of paper that I use on a weekly basis. Hoarding In The Workplace Prior to my current telecommute job I worked in what most would consider pretty traditional office environments. I sat in cubicles furnished with an enormous plastic(ish) modular desks, had a mediocre (at best) PC workstation, and had ready access to a seemingly endless supply of legal pads, pens, staplers and paper clips. The ready access to paper, countless conference room meetings, and abundance of available surface area on my desk and in drawers created a perfect storm for wasting paper. I brought a pad of paper with me to every meeting I ever attended, scrawled some brief notes, and then tore that sheet off to keep next to my keyboard to follow up on any needed action items. Once my immediate need for the notes was fulfilled, that sheet would get shuffled off into a corner of my desk or filed away in a drawer “just in case”. I would guess that for all of the notes that I ever filed away, I might have actually had to dig up and refer to 2% of them (and that’s probably being very generous). That said, on those rare occasions that I did have to dig something up from old notes, it was usually pretty important and I ended up being very glad that I saved them. It was only when I would leave a job or move desks that I would finally gather all those notes together and take them to shredding bin to be disposed of. When I left my last job the amount of paper I had accumulated over my three years there was absurd, and I knew coworkers who had substance-abuse caliber paper wasting addictions that made my bad habit look like nail-biting in comparison. A Product Of My Environment I always hated using all of this paper, but simply couldn’t bring myself to stop. It would look bad if I showed up to an important conference room meeting without a pad of paper. What if someone said something profound! Plus, everyone else always brought paper with them. If you saw someone walking down the hallway with a pad of paper in hand you knew they must be on their way to a conference room meeting. Some people even had fancy looking portfolio notebook sheaths that gave their legal pads all the prestige of a briefcase. No one ever worried about running out of fresh paper because there was an endless supply, and there certainly was no shortage of places to store and file used paper. In short, the traditional office was setup for using tons and tons of paper; it’s baked into the culture there. For that reason, it didn’t take long for me to kick the paper habit once I started working from home. In my home office, desk and drawer space are at a premium. I don’t have the budget (or the tolerance) for huge modular office furniture in my spare bedroom. I also no longer have access to a bottomless pit of office supplies stock piled in cabinets and closets. If I want to use some paper, I have to go out and buy it. Finally (and most importantly), all of the meetings that I have to attend these days are “virtual”. We use instant messaging, VOIP, video conferencing, and e-mail to communicate with each other. All I need to take notes during a meeting is my computer, which I happen to be sitting right in front of all day. I don’t have any hard numbers for this, but my gut feeling is that I actually take a lot more notes now than I ever did when I worked in an office. The big difference is I don’t have to use any paper to do so. This makes it far easier to keep important information safe and organized. The Right Tool For The Job When I first started working from home I tried to find a single application that would fill the gap left by the pen and paper that I always had at my desk when I worked in an office. Well, there are no silver bullets and I’ve evolved my approach over time to try and find the best tool for the job at hand. Here’s a quick summary of how I take notes and keep everything organized. Notepad++ – This is the first application I turn to when I feel like there’s some bit of information that I need to write down and save. I use Launchy, so opening Notepad++ and creating a new file only takes a few keystrokes. If I find that the information I’m trying to get down requires a more sophisticated application I escalate as needed. The Desktop – By default, I save every file or other bit of information to the desktop. Anyone who has ever had to fix their parents computer before knows that this is a dangerous game (any file my mother has ever worked on is saved directly to the desktop and rarely moves anywhere else). I agree that storing things on the desktop isn’t a great long term approach to keeping organized, which is why I treat my desktop a bit like my e-mail inbox. I strive to keep both empty (or as close to empty as I possibly can). If something is on my desktop, it means that it’s something relevant to a task or project that I’m currently working on. About once a week I take things that I’m not longer working on and put them into my ‘Notes’ folder. The ‘Notes’ Folder – As I work on a task, I tend to accumulate multiple files associated with that task. For example, I might have a bit of SQL that I’m working on to gather data for a new report, a quick C# method that I came up with but am not yet ready to commit to source control, a bulleted list of to-do items in a .txt file, etc. If the desktop starts to get too cluttered, I create a new sub-folder in my ‘Notes’ folder. Each sub-folder’s name is the current date followed by a brief description of the task or project. Then all files related to that task or project go into that sub folder. By using the date as the first part of the folder name, these folders are automatically sorted in reverse chronological order. This means that things I worked on recently will generally be near the top of the list. Using the built-in Windows search functionality I now have a pretty quick and easy way to try and find something that I worked on a week ago or six months ago. Dropbox – Dropbox is a free service that lets you store up to 2GB of files “in the cloud” and have those files synced to all of the different computers that you use. My ‘Notes’ folder lives in Dropbox, meaning that it’s contents are constantly backed up and are always available to me regardless of which computer I’m using. They also have a pretty decent iPhone application that lets you browse and view all of the files that you have stored there. The free 2GB edition is probably enough for just storing notes, but I also pay $99/year for the 50GB storage upgrade and keep all of my music, e-books, pictures, and documents in Dropbox. It’s a fantastic service and I highly recommend it. Evernote – I use Evernote mostly to organize information that I access on a fairly regular basis. For example, my Evernote account has a running grocery shopping list, recipes that my wife and I use a lot, and contact information for people I contact infrequently enough that I don’t want to keep them in my phone. I know some people that keep nearly everything in Evernote, but there’s something about it that I find a bit clunky, so I tend to use it sparingly. Google Tasks – One of my biggest paper wasting habits was keeping a running task-list next to my computer at work. Every morning I would sit down, look at my task list, cross off what was done and add new tasks that I thought of during my morning commute. This usually resulted in having to re-copy the task list onto a fresh sheet of paper when I was done. I still keep a running task list at my desk, but I’ve started using Google Tasks instead. This is a dead-simple web-based application for quickly adding, deleting, and organizing tasks in a simple checklist style. You can quickly move tasks up and down on the list (which I use for prioritizing), and even create sub-tasks for breaking down larger tasks into smaller pieces. Balsamiq Mockups – This is a simple and lightweight tool for creating drawings of user interfaces. It’s great for sketching out a new feature, brainstorm the layout of a interface, or even draw up a quick sequence diagram. I’m terrible at drawing, so Balsamiq Mockups not only lets me create sketches that other people can actually understand, but it’s also handy because you can upload a sketch to a common location for other team members to access. I can honestly say that using these tools (and having limited resources at home) have lead me to cut my paper usage down to virtually none. If I ever were to return to a traditional office workplace (hopefully never!) I’d try to employ as many of these applications and techniques as I could to keep paper usage low. I feel far less cluttered and far better organized now.

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  • How to deal with a 'public' work environment?

    - by Craige
    In the last 6 months, I have changed desks at my office 4 times. I don't mind, as it's due to expansion of the company and acquiring new office space and getting everybody settled. However, I truly miss the semi-private office I sat in 2 desks ago. I am now sitting in a large room with a number of other people. My problem with this isn't with my co-workers; everybody here is great. My problem is that based on the configuration of the room, no matter which desk I sit in, my monitors WILL be facing an open window. This causes a glare on my monitors, and it drives me crazy. I prefer a dark IDE theme as I find it easier on the eyes, however this just makes the glare that much worse. How should programmers cope with public office settings? Secondly, how should I cope with my specific problem? Should I give in and adopt a light IDE theme that will reduce the visibility of the glare but increase eye strain, or should I stick to my guns and find another solution?

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  • Table Variables: an empirical approach.

    - by Phil Factor
    It isn’t entirely a pleasant experience to publish an article only to have it described on Twitter as ‘Horrible’, and to have it criticized on the MVP forum. When this happened to me in the aftermath of publishing my article on Temporary tables recently, I was taken aback, because these critics were experts whose views I respect. What was my crime? It was, I think, to suggest that, despite the obvious quirks, it was best to use Table Variables as a first choice, and to use local Temporary Tables if you hit problems due to these quirks, or if you were doing complex joins using a large number of rows. What are these quirks? Well, table variables have advantages if they are used sensibly, but this requires some awareness by the developer about the potential hazards and how to avoid them. You can be hit by a badly-performing join involving a table variable. Table Variables are a compromise, and this compromise doesn’t always work out well. Explicit indexes aren’t allowed on Table Variables, so one cannot use covering indexes or non-unique indexes. The query optimizer has to make assumptions about the data rather than using column distribution statistics when a table variable is involved in a join, because there aren’t any column-based distribution statistics on a table variable. It assumes a reasonably even distribution of data, and is likely to have little idea of the number of rows in the table variables that are involved in queries. However complex the heuristics that are used might be in determining the best way of executing a SQL query, and they most certainly are, the Query Optimizer is likely to fail occasionally with table variables, under certain circumstances, and produce a Query Execution Plan that is frightful. The experienced developer or DBA will be on the lookout for this sort of problem. In this blog, I’ll be expanding on some of the tests I used when writing my article to illustrate the quirks, and include a subsequent example supplied by Kevin Boles. A simplified example. We’ll start out by illustrating a simple example that shows some of these characteristics. We’ll create two tables filled with random numbers and then see how many matches we get between the two tables. We’ll forget indexes altogether for this example, and use heaps. We’ll try the same Join with two table variables, two table variables with OPTION (RECOMPILE) in the JOIN clause, and with two temporary tables. It is all a bit jerky because of the granularity of the timing that isn’t actually happening at the millisecond level (I used DATETIME). However, you’ll see that the table variable is outperforming the local temporary table up to 10,000 rows. Actually, even without a use of the OPTION (RECOMPILE) hint, it is doing well. What happens when your table size increases? The table variable is, from around 30,000 rows, locked into a very bad execution plan unless you use OPTION (RECOMPILE) to provide the Query Analyser with a decent estimation of the size of the table. However, if it has the OPTION (RECOMPILE), then it is smokin’. Well, up to 120,000 rows, at least. It is performing better than a Temporary table, and in a good linear fashion. What about mixed table joins, where you are joining a temporary table to a table variable? You’d probably expect that the query analyzer would throw up its hands and produce a bad execution plan as if it were a table variable. After all, it knows nothing about the statistics in one of the tables so how could it do any better? Well, it behaves as if it were doing a recompile. And an explicit recompile adds no value at all. (we just go up to 45000 rows since we know the bigger picture now)   Now, if you were new to this, you might be tempted to start drawing conclusions. Beware! We’re dealing with a very complex beast: the Query Optimizer. It can come up with surprises What if we change the query very slightly to insert the results into a Table Variable? We change nothing else and just measure the execution time of the statement as before. Suddenly, the table variable isn’t looking so much better, even taking into account the time involved in doing the table insert. OK, if you haven’t used OPTION (RECOMPILE) then you’re toast. Otherwise, there isn’t much in it between the Table variable and the temporary table. The table variable is faster up to 8000 rows and then not much in it up to 100,000 rows. Past the 8000 row mark, we’ve lost the advantage of the table variable’s speed. Any general rule you may be formulating has just gone for a walk. What we can conclude from this experiment is that if you join two table variables, and can’t use constraints, you’re going to need that Option (RECOMPILE) hint. Count Dracula and the Horror Join. These tables of integers provide a rather unreal example, so let’s try a rather different example, and get stuck into some implicit indexing, by using constraints. What unusual words are contained in the book ‘Dracula’ by Bram Stoker? Here we get a table of all the common words in the English language (60,387 of them) and put them in a table. We put them in a Table Variable with the word as a primary key, a Table Variable Heap and a Table Variable with a primary key. We then take all the distinct words used in the book ‘Dracula’ (7,558 of them). We then create a table variable and insert into it all those uncommon words that are in ‘Dracula’. i.e. all the words in Dracula that aren’t matched in the list of common words. To do this we use a left outer join, where the right-hand value is null. The results show a huge variation, between the sublime and the gorblimey. If both tables contain a Primary Key on the columns we join on, and both are Table Variables, it took 33 Ms. If one table contains a Primary Key, and the other is a heap, and both are Table Variables, it took 46 Ms. If both Table Variables use a unique constraint, then the query takes 36 Ms. If neither table contains a Primary Key and both are Table Variables, it took 116383 Ms. Yes, nearly two minutes!! If both tables contain a Primary Key, one is a Table Variables and the other is a temporary table, it took 113 Ms. If one table contains a Primary Key, and both are Temporary Tables, it took 56 Ms.If both tables are temporary tables and both have primary keys, it took 46 Ms. Here we see table variables which are joined on their primary key again enjoying a  slight performance advantage over temporary tables. Where both tables are table variables and both are heaps, the query suddenly takes nearly two minutes! So what if you have two heaps and you use option Recompile? If you take the rogue query and add the hint, then suddenly, the query drops its time down to 76 Ms. If you add unique indexes, then you've done even better, down to half that time. Here are the text execution plans.So where have we got to? Without drilling down into the minutiae of the execution plans we can begin to create a hypothesis. If you are using table variables, and your tables are relatively small, they are faster than temporary tables, but as the number of rows increases you need to do one of two things: either you need to have a primary key on the column you are using to join on, or else you need to use option (RECOMPILE) If you try to execute a query that is a join, and both tables are table variable heaps, you are asking for trouble, well- slow queries, unless you give the table hint once the number of rows has risen past a point (30,000 in our first example, but this varies considerably according to context). Kevin’s Skew In describing the table-size, I used the term ‘relatively small’. Kevin Boles produced an interesting case where a single-row table variable produces a very poor execution plan when joined to a very, very skewed table. In the original, pasted into my article as a comment, a column consisted of 100000 rows in which the key column was one number (1) . To this was added eight rows with sequential numbers up to 9. When this was joined to a single-tow Table Variable with a key of 2 it produced a bad plan. This problem is unlikely to occur in real usage, and the Query Optimiser team probably never set up a test for it. Actually, the skew can be slightly less extreme than Kevin made it. The following test showed that once the table had 54 sequential rows in the table, then it adopted exactly the same execution plan as for the temporary table and then all was well. Undeniably, real data does occasionally cause problems to the performance of joins in Table Variables due to the extreme skew of the distribution. We've all experienced Perfectly Poisonous Table Variables in real live data. As in Kevin’s example, indexes merely make matters worse, and the OPTION (RECOMPILE) trick does nothing to help. In this case, there is no option but to use a temporary table. However, one has to note that once the slight de-skew had taken place, then the plans were identical across a huge range. Conclusions Where you need to hold intermediate results as part of a process, Table Variables offer a good alternative to temporary tables when used wisely. They can perform faster than a temporary table when the number of rows is not great. For some processing with huge tables, they can perform well when only a clustered index is required, and when the nature of the processing makes an index seek very effective. Table Variables are scoped to the batch or procedure and are unlikely to hang about in the TempDB when they are no longer required. They require no explicit cleanup. Where the number of rows in the table is moderate, you can even use them in joins as ‘Heaps’, unindexed. Beware, however, since, as the number of rows increase, joins on Table Variable heaps can easily become saddled by very poor execution plans, and this must be cured either by adding constraints (UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY) or by adding the OPTION (RECOMPILE) hint if this is impossible. Occasionally, the way that the data is distributed prevents the efficient use of Table Variables, and this will require using a temporary table instead. Tables Variables require some awareness by the developer about the potential hazards and how to avoid them. If you are not prepared to do any performance monitoring of your code or fine-tuning, and just want to pummel out stuff that ‘just runs’ without considering namby-pamby stuff such as indexes, then stick to Temporary tables. If you are likely to slosh about large numbers of rows in temporary tables without considering the niceties of processing just what is required and no more, then temporary tables provide a safer and less fragile means-to-an-end for you.

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