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  • How to allow for modular development while still running in same JVM?

    - by Marcus
    Our current app runs in a single JVM. We are now splitting up the app into separate logical services where each service runs in its own JVM. The split is being done to allow a single service to be modified and deployed without impacting the entire system. This reduces the need to QA the entire system - just need to QA the interaction with the service being changed. For interservice communication we use a combination of REST, an MQ system bus, and database views. What I don't like about this: REST means we have to marshal data to/from XML DB views couple the systems together which defeats the whole concept of separate services MQ / system bus is added complexity There is inevitably some code duplication between services You have set up n JBoss server configurations, we have to do n number of deployments, n number of set up scripts, etc, etc. Is there a better way to structure an internal application to allow modular development and deployment while allowing the app to run in a single JVM (and achieving the associated benefits)?

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  • how to wrap a function that only takes individual elements to make it take a list

    - by stevejb
    Hello, Say I have a function handed to me that I cannot change and must use as is. This function takes several objects in the form of oldFunction( object1, object2, object3, ...) where ... are other arguments. I want to write a wrapper to take a list of objects. My idea was this. sjb.ListWrapper <- function(myList,...) { lLen <- length(myList) myStr <- "" for( i in 1:lLen) { myStr <- paste(myStr, "myList[[", i , "]],",sep="") } myCode <- paste("oldFunction(", myStr, "...)") eval({myCode}) } However, the issue is that I want to use this from Sweave and I need the output of oldFunction to be printed. What is the right way to do this? Thanks.

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  • Using an image file vs data URI in the CSS

    - by fudgey
    I'm trying to decide the best way to include an image that is required for a script I've written. I discovered this site and it made me think about trying this method to include the image as a data URI since it was so small - it's a 1x1 pixel 50% opacity png file (used for a background) - it ends up at 2,792 bytes as an image versus 3,746 bytes as text in the CSS. So would this be considered good practice, or would it just clutter up the CSS unnecessarily?

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  • StockTrader RI > Controllers, Presenters, WTF?

    - by SandRock
    I am currently learning how to make advanced usage of WPF via the Prism (Composite WPF) project. I watch many videos and examples and the demo application StockTraderRI makes me ask this question: What is the exact role of each of the following part? SomethingService: Ok, this is something to manage data SomethingView: Ok, this is what's displayed SomethingPresentationModel: Ok, this contains data and commands for the view to bind to (equivalent to a ViewModel). SomethingPresenter: I don't really understand it's usage SomethingController: Don't understand too I saw that a Presenter and a Controller are not necessary but I would like to understand why they are here. Can someone tell me their role and when to use them?

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  • What are great _specific_ usability guidelines?

    - by Jilles
    Usability is extremely important, and yet there are so many products that violate a lot of rules. There are several questions on StackOverflow that are about usability (see: link1, link2, link3), however what I feel is missing still is a comprehensive list of usability "tactics": concrete examples of what (not) to do for a web application. Please don't add references to books. Please list one example per answer so that we can use the voting to actually prioritize the list.

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  • strategy for observer pattern?

    - by fayer
    I want to use observer pattern for a logging system. We have got logObservers and logObservables. The class that will have to log something will implement iLogObservable and include these methods: private $logObservers = array(); public function addLogObserver($logObserver) { $this->logObservers[] = $logObserver; } public function removeLogObserver($logObserver) { $this->logObservers[] = $logObserver; } public function write($type, $message) { foreach($this->logObservers as $logObserver) { $logObserver->log($level, $message); ; } } Then I noticed, that a lot of classes that will use logging will have these methods and I have to copy paste. So isn't it better to have these methods in a class I call LogObservable or just Log and then use strategy (instantiate this class inside all classes that will have to log). When I change the methods in Log, all logObservables will be affected. However, I have not seen anyone use observer pattern with strategy pattern yet, but it seems to be very efficient and remove the duplications. What do you think?

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  • Calling DI Container directly in method code (MVC Actions)

    - by fearofawhackplanet
    I'm playing with DI (using Unity). I've learned how to do Constructor and Property injection. I have a static container exposed through a property in my Global.asax file (MvcApplication class). I have a need for a number of different objects in my Controller. It doesn't seem right to inject these throught the constructor, partly because of the high quantity of them, and partly because they are only needed in some Actions methods. The question is, is there anything wrong with just calling my container directly from within the Action methods? public ActionResult Foo() { IBar bar = (Bar)MvcApplication.Container.Resolve(IBar); // ... Bar uses a default constructor, I'm not actually doing any // injection here, I'm just telling my conatiner to give me Bar // when I ask for IBar so I can hide the existence of the concrete // Bar from my Controller. } This seems the simplest and most efficient way of doing things, but I've never seen an example used in this way. Is there anything wrong with this? Am I missing the concept in some way?

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  • Checking for nil in view in Ruby on Rails

    - by seaneshbaugh
    I've been working with Rails for a while now and one thing I find myself constantly doing is checking to see if some attribute or object is nil in my view code before I display it. I'm starting to wonder if this is always the best idea. My rationale so far has been that since my application(s) rely on user input unexpected things can occur. If I've learned one thing from programming in general it's that users inputting things the programmer didn't think of is one of the biggest sources of run-time errors. By checking for nil values I'm hoping to sidestep that and have my views gracefully handle the problem. The thing is though I typically for various reasons have similar nil or invalid value checks in either my model or controller code. I wouldn't call it code duplication in the strictest sense, but it just doesn't seem very DRY. If I've already checked for nil objects in my controller is it okay if my view just assumes the object truly isn't nil? For attributes that can be nil that are displayed it makes sense to me to check every time, but for the objects themselves I'm not sure what is the best practice. Here's a simplified, but typical example of what I'm talking about: controller code def show @item = Item.find_by_id(params[:id]) @folders = Folder.find(:all, :order => 'display_order') if @item == nil or @item.folder == nil redirect_to(root_url) and return end end view code <% if @item != nil %> display the item's attributes here <% if @item.folder != nil %> <%= link_to @item.folder.name, folder_path(@item.folder) %> <% end %> <% else %> Oops! Looks like something went horribly wrong! <% end %> Is this a good idea or is it just silly?

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  • What policies are standard for programmers?

    - by Shehket's Apprentice
    My office is about has proposed implementing some extremely strict (I would consider them draconian) policies regarding programmers, and our access due to security concerns (note, we have never had a security breach). While I can theoretically get used to them, I'd like to ask about what is considered good security policy for programmers, specifically in the area of access policies, and what is too much? Any answers to this question are greatly appreciated as they directly relate to my ability to write code, and I can't find anything so far on Google. Edit: Most of the security policies that concern me are about access to my machine and to the code. According to these proposed policies, I'd need management approval to access either, which means that I'd be forced to get management to unlock my computer anytime I leave my desk as my computer is always locked when I'm not at my desk.

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  • Is it ok to dynamic cast "this" as a return value?

    - by Panayiotis Karabassis
    This is more of a design question. I have a template class, and I want to add extra methods to it depending on the template type. To practice the DRY principle, I have come up with this pattern (definitions intentionally omitted): template <class T> class BaseVector: public boost::array<T, 3> { protected: BaseVector<T>(const T x, const T y, const T z); public: bool operator == (const Vector<T> &other) const; Vector<T> operator + (const Vector<T> &other) const; Vector<T> operator - (const Vector<T> &other) const; Vector<T> &operator += (const Vector<T> &other) { (*this)[0] += other[0]; (*this)[1] += other[1]; (*this)[2] += other[2]; return *dynamic_cast<Vector<T> * const>(this); } } template <class T> class Vector : public BaseVector<T> { public: Vector<T>(const T x, const T y, const T z) : BaseVector<T>(x, y, z) { } }; template <> class Vector<double> : public BaseVector<double> { public: Vector<double>(const double x, const double y, const double z); Vector<double>(const Vector<int> &other); double norm() const; }; I intend BaseVector to be nothing more than an implementation detail. This works, but I am concerned about operator+=. My question is: is the dynamic cast of the this pointer a code smell? Is there a better way to achieve what I am trying to do (avoid code duplication, and unnecessary casts in the user code)? Or am I safe since, the BaseVector constructor is private?

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  • Any difference in compiler behavior for each of these snippets?

    - by HotHead
    Please consider following code: 1. uint16 a = 0x0001; if(a < 0x0002) { // do something } 2. uint16 a = 0x0001; if(a < uint16(0x0002)) { // do something } 3. uint16 a = 0x0001; if(a < static_cast<uint16>(0x0002)) { // do something } 4. uint16 a = 0x0001; uint16 b = 0x0002; if(a < b) { // do something } What compiler does in backgorund and what is the best (and correct) way to do above testing? p.s. sorry, but I couldn't find the better title :) EDIT: values 0x0001 and 0x0002 are only example. There coudl be any 2 byte value instead. Thank you in advance!

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  • Appropriate programming design questions.

    - by Edward
    I have a few questions on good programming design. I'm going to first describe the project I'm building so you are better equipped to help me out. I am coding a Remote Assistance Tool similar to TeamViewer, Microsoft Remote Desktop, CrossLoop. It will incorporate concepts like UDP networking (using Lidgren networking library), NAT traversal (since many computers are invisible behind routers nowadays), Mirror Drivers (using DFMirage's Mirror Driver (http://www.demoforge.com/dfmirage.htm) for realtime screen grabbing on the remote computer). That being said, this program has a concept of being a client-server architecture, but I made only one program with both the functionality of client and server. That way, when the user runs my program, they can switch between giving assistance and receiving assistance without having to download a separate client or server module. I have a Windows Form that allows the user to choose between giving assistance and receiving assistance. I have another Windows Form for a file explorer module. I have another Windows Form for a chat module. I have another Windows Form form for a registry editor module. I have another Windows Form for the live control module. So I've got a Form for each module, which raises the first question: 1. Should I process module-specific commands inside the code of the respective Windows Form? Meaning, let's say I get a command with some data that enumerates the remote user's files for a specific directory. Obviously, I would have to update this on the File Explorer Windows Form and add the entries to the ListView. Should I be processing this code inside the Windows Form though? Or should I be handling this in another class (although I have to eventually pass the data to the Form to draw, of course). Or is it like a hybrid in which I process most of the data in another class and pass the final result to the Form to draw? So I've got like 5-6 forms, one for each module. The user starts up my program, enters the remote machine's ID (not IP, ID, because we are registering with an intermediary server to enable NAT traversal), their password, and connects. Now let's suppose the connection is successful. Then the user is presented with a form with all the different modules. So he can open up a File Explorer, or he can mess with the Registry Editor, or he can choose to Chat with his buddy. So now the program is sort of idle, just waiting for the user to do something. If the user opens up Live Control, then the program will be spending most of it's time receiving packets from the remote machine and drawing them to the form to provide a 'live' view. 2. Second design question. A spin off question #1. How would I pass module-specific commands to their respective Windows Forms? What I mean is, I have a class like "NetworkHandler.cs" that checks for messages from the remote machine. NetworkHandler.cs is a static class globally accessible. So let's say I get a command that enumerates the remote user's files for a specific directory. How would I "give" that command to the File Explorer Form. I was thinking of making an OnCommandReceivedEvent inside NetworkHandler, and having each form register to that event. When the NetworkHandler received a command, it would raise the event, all forms would check it to see if it was relevant, and the appropriate form would take action. Is this an appropriate/the best solution available? 3. The networking library I'm using, Lidgren, provides two options for checking networking messages. One can either poll ReadMessage() to return null or a message, or one can use an AutoResetEvent OnMessageReceived (I'm guessing this is like an event). Which one is more appropriate?

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  • design using a readonly class in c#

    - by edosoft
    Hi Small design question here. I'm trying to develop a calculation app in C#. I have a class, let's call it InputRecord, which holds 100s of fields (multi dimensional arrays) This InputRecordclass will be used in a number of CalculationEngines. Each CalculcationEngine can make changes to a number of fields in the InputRecord. These changes are steps needed for it's calculation. Now I don't want the local changes made to the InputRecord to be used in other CalculcationEngine's classes. The first solution that comes to mind is using a struct: these are value types. However I'd like to use inheritance: each CalculationEngine needs a few fields only relevant to that engine: it's has it's own InputRecord, based on BaseInputRecord. Can anyone point me to a design that will help me accomplish this?

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  • Meta Search Engine Architecture

    - by Loki
    The question wasn't clear enough, I think; here's an updated straight to the point question: What are the common architectures used in building a meta search engine and is there any libraries available to build that type of search engine? I'm looking at building an "enterprise" type of search engine where the indexed data could be coming from proprietary (like Autonomy or a Google Box) or public search engines (like Google Web or Yahoo Web).

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  • Simple but good pattern for EJB

    - by Sara
    What would you suggest as a good and practical but simple pattern for a soloution with: HTML + JSP (as a view/presentation) SERVLETS (controller, request, session-handling) EJB (persistence, businesslogic) MySQL DB And is it necessary to use an own layer of DAO for persistence? I use JPA to persist objects to my DB. Should I withdraw business logic from my EJB? Sources online all tell me different things and confuses me...

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  • Best practice with respect to NPE and multiple expressions on single line

    - by JRL
    I'm wondering if it is an accepted practice or not to avoid multiple calls on the same line with respect to possible NPEs, and if so in what circumstances. For example: getThis().doThat(); vs Object o = getThis(); o.doThat(); The latter is more verbose, but if there is an NPE, you immediately know what is null. However, it also requires creating a name for the variable and more import statements. So my questions around this are: Is this problem something worth designing around? Is it better to go for the first or second possibility? Is the creation of a variable name something that would have an effect performance-wise? Is there a proposal to change the exception message to be able to determine what object is null in future versions of Java ?

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  • Is str.replace(..).replace(..) ad nauseam a standard idiom in Python?

    - by meeselet
    For instance, say I wanted a function to escape a string for use in HTML (as in Django's escape filter): def escape(string): """ Returns the given string with ampersands, quotes and angle brackets encoded. """ return string.replace('&', '&amp;').replace('<', '&lt;').replace('>', '&gt;').replace("'", '&#39;').replace('"', '&quot;') This works, but it gets ugly quickly and appears to have poor algorithmic performance (in this example, the string is repeatedly traversed 5 times). What would be better is something like this: def escape(string): """ Returns the given string with ampersands, quotes and angle brackets encoded. """ # Note that ampersands must be escaped first; the rest can be escaped in # any order. return replace_multi(string.replace('&', '&amp;'), {'<': '&lt;', '>': '&gt;', "'": '&#39;', '"': '&quot;'}) Does such a function exist, or is the standard Python idiom to use what I wrote before?

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  • Grasp Controller, Does it really need a UI to exist?

    - by dbones
    I have a Domain model which can be in multiple states, and if these states go out of a given range it the domain should automatically react. For example I have a Car which is made of multiple things which have measurements the Engine - Rev counter and Temperature the Fuel Tank - capacity Is is plaseable to have a CarStateController, which observses the engine and the tank, and if these states go out of range IE the engine temperature goes above range, turn the engine fan on?? There is no UI, (you could argue it would show a light on the dash board, but for this case it does not) is this a valid use of a GRASP controller pattern? if not what is this CarStateController Called? Or have I completely missed the point and this should be the State Pattern?

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  • Events and references pattern

    - by serhio
    In a project I have the following relation between BO and GUI By e.g. G could represent a graphic with time lines, C a TimeLine curve, P - points of that curve and T the time that represents each point. Each GUI object is associated with the BO corresponding object. When T changes GUI P captures the Changed event and changes its location. So, when G should be modified, it modifies internally its objects and as result T changes, P moves and the GuiG visually changes, everything is OK. But there is an inconvenient of this architecture... BO should not be recreated, because this will breack the link between BO and GUIO. In particular, GUI P should always have the same reference of T. If in a business logic I do by e.g. P1.T = new T(this.T + 10) GUI_P1 will not move anymore, because it wait an event from the reference of former P1.T object, that does not belongs to P1 anymore. So the solution was to always modify the existing objects, not to recreate it. But here is an other inconvenient: performance. Say I have a ready newC object that should replace the older one. Instead of doing G1.C = newC I should do foreach T in foreach P in C replace with T from P from newC. Is there an other more optimal way to do it?

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  • Should I use custom exceptions to control the flow of application?

    - by bonefisher
    Is it a good practise to use custom business exceptions (e.g. BusinessRuleViolationException) to control the flow of user-errors/user-incorrect-inputs??? The classic approach: I have a web service, where I have 2 methods, one is the 'checker' (UsernameAlreadyExists()) and the other one is 'creator' (CreateUsername())... So if I want to create a username, I have to do 2 roundtrips to webservice, 1.check, 2.if check is OK, create. What about using UsernameAlreadyExistsException? So I call only the 2. web service method (CrateUsername()), which contains the check and if not successfull, it throws the UsernameAlreadyExistsException. So the end goal is to have only one round trip to web service and the checking can be contained also in other web service methods (so I avoid calling the UsernameAlreadyExists() all the times..). Furthermore I can use this kind of business error handling with other web service calls completely avoiding the checking prior the call.

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  • How should I implement items that are normalized in the Database, in Object Oriented Design?

    - by Jonas
    How should I implement items that are normalized in the Database, in Object Oriented classes? In the database I have a big table of items and a smaller of groups. Each item belong to one group. This is how my database design look like: +----------------------------------------+ | Inventory | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ | Id | Name | Price | Quantity | GroupId | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ | 43 | Box | 34.00 | 456 | 4 | | 56 | Ball | 56.50 | 3 | 6 | | 66 | Tin | 23.00 | 14 | 4 | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ Totally 3000 lines +----------------------+ | Groups | +---------+------+-----+ | GroupId | Name | VAT | +---------+------+-----+ | 4 | Mini | 0.2 | | 6 | Big | 0.3 | +---------+------+-----+ Totally 10 lines I will use the OOP classes in a GUI, where the user can edit Items and Groups in the inventory. It should also be easy to do calculations with a bunch of items. The group information like VAT are needed for the calculations. I will write an Item class, but do I need a Group class? and if I need it, should I keep them in a global location or how do I access it when I need it for Item-calculations? Is there any design pattern for this case?

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  • Is there a difference here?

    - by HotHead
    Please consider following code: 1. uint16 a = 0x0001; if(a < 0x0002) { // do something } 2. uint16 a = 0x0001; if(a < uint16(0x0002)) { // do something } 3. uint16 a = 0x0001; if(a < static_cast<uint16>(0x0002)) { // do something } 4. uint16 a = 0x0001; uint16 b = 0x0002; if(a < b) { // do something } What compiler does in backgorund and what is the best (and correct) way to do above testing? p.s. sorry, but I couldn't find the better title :) Thank you in advance!

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  • Is this a "valid" css image replacement technique?

    - by user278457
    I just came up with this, it seems to work in all modern browsers, I just tested it then on (IE8/compatibility, Chrome, Safari, Moz) HTML <img id="my_image" alt="my text" src="images/small_transparent.gif" /> CSS #my_image{ background-image:url('images/my_image.png'); width:100px; height:100px;} Pro's: image alt text is best-practice for accessibility/seo no extra HTML markup, and the css is pretty minimal too gets around the css on/images off issue where "text-indent" techniques hide text from low bandwidth users The biggest disadvantage that I can think of is the css off/images on situation, because you'll only send a transparent gif. I'd like to know, who uses images without stylesheets? some kind of mobile phone or something? I'm making some sites for clients in regional Australia (hundreds of km from the nearest city), where many users will be suffering from dial-up connections, and often outdated browsers too, so the "images off" issue is an important consideration. are there any other side effects with this technique that I haven't considered?

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