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• "A disk read error occurred" when booting XP disk image in VirtualBox

  - by intuited

  I'm trying to boot an XP installation cloned into VirtualBox from a real drive. I'm getting the message A disk read error occurred Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart whenever* I try to boot the machine. * This is not strictly true: with AMD-V enabled, the boot process appears to not make it this far and instead hangs at a black screen with cursor. I created the VirtualBox image from the original drive using the following method: $ sudo ddrescue -n /dev/sdd sdd.img logfile # completed without errors $ VBoxManage convertfromraw sdd.img disk.vdi The original disk (and the image) contain a single NTFS partition with XP installed on it. The owner of the drive indicates that it did boot okay the last time the system made it that far. The (Pentium 4) system has a broken (enormous) heat sink, so at some point it failed to boot because it would quickly overheat and shut down. If I boot the VM from a live cd, I am able to mount its /dev/sda1 without any problems. I ran ntfsfix and didn't have any luck. I've read through the instructions on doing this. I didn't really follow them. For example, I didn't run MergeIDE before imaging because the machine was not bootable. However, the symptom of that problem seems to be quite different. The emitted message is contained in the volume boot record of the XP partition, which leads me to suspect that this is a problem with the core operating system bootstrap procedure, and not related to anything in the registry. I don't have an XP boot CD.

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• Tomato OS: "memory exhausted" running vi .... how to solve?

  - by Sam Jones

  I have set up tomato (shibby) on an asus RT-N66U router. It works great. I loaded up a few pieces, like transmission and optware. I can run vi, but when I run vi it fails with a "memory exhausted" error, and the terminal session hangs. For reference: If I simply start "vi" it runs fine. But if I specify vi I get the memory exhausted error, even if the file I am opening is just a couple of hundred bytes in size (like fstab). I discovered that my swap partition was not properly set up, so I did that. The swapon command now indicates I really do have a swap: [root@MyRouter samba]$ swapon -s Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda1 partition 32900860 0 1 How can I get vi to work? Thanks! System setup reference information: asus RT-N66U router 2TB usb hard drive partitions on hard drive: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398839808 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30400 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 4096 = 65802240 bytes Disk identifier: 0xfacbc8ab Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 512 32900868 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 513 29000 1830638880 83 Linux running samba memory: $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 255840 kB MemFree: 210980 kB Buffers: 5264 kB Cached: 22768 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20272 kB Inactive: 11448 kB HighTotal: 131072 kB HighFree: 99868 kB LowTotal: 124768 kB LowFree: 111112 kB SwapTotal: 32900860 kB SwapFree: 32900860 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB TIA!

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• Raid-1 Western Digital Green AARS, cloning and WD Align Utility

  - by Jaguar

  Hello all, My current setup runs on top of 2x Western Digital 2500KS drives on Raid-1, using the motherboard's 780G raid controller, on WinXP. Everything is fine, but the drives are a bit noisy. I am considering buying 2x WD6400AARS disks which are the 640GB slower 'green' drives, but also feature the Advanced Formatting 4KB sectors. This means that for WinXP the partition will have to be aligned to work properly, else there is a performance penalty. There are 2 questions here: The Green drives from WD are all slower and are (according to WD) susceptible to drop-out's from the controller. Has anyone any experience in this matter? Is there a possibility the controller will drop a drive? If so, can i do anything about it? Secondly, western digital gives a utility to perform the alignment on the partition. The thing is, will the utility see the drives in question as the operating system only sees 1 logical disk? I will be making the transition using a cloning tool (most probably norton ghost) unless i don't find a solution or a clear answer, in which case i'll just buy a win 7 license and make a clean install... thx in advance

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• Arch linux - strange behaviour after installing fglrx

  - by kosto

  I have a problem with drivers on arch linux. I installed catalyst through unnoficial catalyst repo as wiki says. pacman -S catalyst catalyst-utils aticonfig --initial After this operation i rebooted the system. KDM loaded succesfully, but when i tried to switch to console (ctrl+alt+1/2/3) i saw only some strange dots, like pixels from the text were splitted on the whole screen. I was able to go back to kdm and enter the account details tho. This gave me a hang just before kde loaded. Here's a video where i'm showing above actions. Anybody knows what caused the problem? I can still chroot to fix some issues. Thanks for interest. http://glothriel.org/arch/arch_problem.ogg same thing on gnome / gdm, that's my second try on installing catalyst on arch. Open drivers suck the battery 2x faster. ___________EDIT_____________ Ok, i found a sollution, so i'm posting if someone else shares my problem. Catalyst does not support KMS, so you need to disable it from grub. You must know where are your /etc and /boot paritions mounted. If you have only one partition for / it's even simplier. Mount / on /mnt mount /dev/sdaX /mnt where X is number of the partition where is your / installed arch-chroot /mnt nano /etc/default/grub and add line: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodeset" save and quit then run (this will delete your windows grub configuration) grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg exit umount /mnt reboot

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• How do I use a self encrypting drive?

  - by Unique_Key

  I recently purchased a Micron RealSSD c400 self encrypting drive, and I am having a few issues when trying to get it recognized by my laptop (HP Elitebook 8440p running Windows 7 x64; also tried on a custom-built desktop). When I try to initialize the drive from disk management, I get a CRC error; also, when attempting to partition it from Windows setup, the program can't create the partitions. I also tried with UBCD, nothing. I assume this is due to drive security, but I haven't been able to find much information about this online; do I need a management software or something? I'm completely stumped here. EDIT As requested, when I try partitioning the device from Windows setup I get a 0x80300024 error; when I try initializing it from disk management, I get a "Data error (cyclic redundancy check)" message, and the event log shows the following under System: Source: VDS Basic Provider, message: unexpected failure. error code 490@01010004 (2x) Source: Virtual Disk Service, message: VDS fails to write boot code on a disk during clean operation. Error code: 80070001@02070008 (1x) Source: Disk, message: The device \Device\Harddisk2\DR2 has a bad block (2x) The security logs show nothing related. Also, when attempting to configure it from UBCD (utility: HDAT2), I get an error along the lines of "can't edit partition information" or something to that tune.

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• Windows 7 - mysteriously missing free HDD space

  - by sYnfo

  I have Windows7 installed on 50GB (Oops, it should have been 45GB, sorry) partition, and every now and then it gets full, and I have to resize that partition. I always thought it is quite normal. But it happened again today and this time, I'm sure it is not normal, because since last resizing (35GB 45GB) I did not install any new apps or whatever. Also, sum of sizes off all, including hidden & system, root folders and files is ~18GB, yet windows is indicating that all 50GB are used up... Any idea what is going on? EDIT: Great tools everyone! (SourceForge appears to be offline at the moment, I'll check WinDirStat later) Alas, non of them solved my problem just yet... Screenshot from SpaceSniffer: On the right there is some kind of "Unknows Space", any idea what that could be? EDIT2: After those two apps failing to help much I didn't expect it, but WinDirStat actually helped. It showed that those missing 27GB are in my Temp folder (Well, that should have been my first guess anyway). There I found hundreds of ~100MB files, named like HTT????.tmp. After some googling it appears to be a problem with ESET NOD32 antivirus and it's ThreatSense feature. Thank you all for help! :)

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• MySQL /G output

  - by conandor

  I ran mysql query as below on a non-partition table mysql> use test31 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> explain partitions SELECT * FROM my_friends WHERE (requestor = '1234567890' OR contact = '1234567890') AND status = 1 ORDER BY request_id DESC LIMIT 0,100\G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: my_friends partitions: NULL type: index_merge possible_keys: friend_index,requestor,contact key: friend_index,contact key_len: 17,17 ref: NULL rows: 2 Extra: Using sort_union(friend_index,contact); Using where; Using filesort 1 row in set (0.00 sec) on a partition table mysql> explain partitions SELECT * FROM my_friends WHERE (requestor = '1234567890' OR contact = '1234567890') AND status = 1 ORDER BY request_id DESC LIMIT 0,100\G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: my_friends partitions: p1_p1sp0,p1_p1sp1,p1_p1sp2,p1_p1sp3,p1_p1sp4,p1_p1sp5,p1_p1sp6,p1_p1sp7,p1_p1sp8,p1_p1sp9,p1_p1sp10,p1_p1sp11,p1_p1sp12,p1_p1sp13,p1_p1sp14,p1_p1sp15,p1_p1sp16,p1_p1sp17,p1_p1sp18,p1_p1sp19,p1_p1sp20,p1_p1sp21,p1_p1sp22,p1_p1sp23,p1_p1sp24,p1_p1sp25,p1_p1sp26,p1_p1sp27,p1_p1sp28,p1_p1sp29 type: index_merge possible_keys: friend_index,requestor,contact key: friend_index,contact key_len: 17,17 ref: NULL rows: 60 Extra: Using sort_union(friend_index,contact); Using where; Using filesort 1 row in set (0.01 sec) What does the "rows" mean? less rows is more faster query?

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• Safely removing my linux dual boot

  - by de1337ed

  Currently, I dual boot with win7 and opensuse 12.1. Is it okay if I first restore the MBR for win7, and then format the linux drives? Or would it be better for me to first format the linux drives, and then restore the MBR? The reason I ask this is sometimes I get nasty errors when I try and boot into my win7 cd in the latter method. Is it possible to restore the MBR without having to boot into the win7 cd? Like, can I remove linux using the disk management utility in win7, and then fix the mbr while I'm still in win7, or do I have to boot into the win7 cd? If I can do this, how do I go about doing so? Thank you. EDIT::::: The spamming of f8 didn't work, it just made loud beeping noises, so I decided to simply boot into my windows disk and use the bootsect /nt60 SYS /mbr command. Note: I haven't formatted my linux partition yet. After I did that, I restarted my computer, and nothing happened. Basically, GRUB is still the MBR and I'm still able to access openSUSE. I think the reason why this is happening is because I think my GRUB is on a separate partion than the linux OS. Here is a picture of my diskmgmt in win7: . openSUSE did all the partioning stuff for me. All I know is that the 40gb that is there is where openSUSE is installed, but I have no clue what's on the 6.05gb and the 14.75gb partitions. Can anyone help me find which partition GRUB is on, and then remove it so I can restore the windows MBR? Thank you.

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• Can't mount FAT32 drive under Ubuntu Linux

  - by Josh

  I have a 320GB USB drive with a single large FAT32 partition. The volume mounts perfectly fine on my Mac OS X 10.5.8 machine and Disk Utility on the mac reports no issues with the volume. I can read/write all data on the drive. However when I connect the drive to my Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic system, the partition does not mount. dmesg|tail says: [ 2752.334822] scsi3 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices [ 2752.335040] usb-storage: device found at 3 [ 2752.335044] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 2757.330301] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 2757.331005] scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD 3200AAK External 1.65 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 2757.331772] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 2757.355647] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB) [ 2757.360737] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 2757.360749] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00 [ 2757.360755] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2757.367618] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2757.367631] sdb: sdb1 [ 2762.797622] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2762.797636] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 2822.866228] FAT: bogus number of reserved sectors [ 2822.866237] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. When I run fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdb1 I get: root@cartman:~# fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdb1 dosfsck 3.0.3, 18 May 2009, FAT32, LFN Logical sector size is zero. Googling "vfat Logical sector size is zero" produced no consensus as to the solution. I would prefer not to have to completely reformat the disk if possible because it contains about 280GB of data I would rather not have to find a temporary home for. Any suggestions?

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• Messed up USB stick doesn't show in blkid

  - by Felix

  I was playing around with a USB stick (booting archlinux with qemu off of it and trying to perform an installation on the same stick at the same time -- brave, I know, but I was just messing around). Now, after failing to boot and install at the same time, it seems I have sort of messed up my stick. What I think happened is that I used cfdisk to wipe everything on it and create one big partition, but formatting it then failed, so now there's a big partition with no filesystem. Just to make it clear: I'm not worried for my stick, I know I can recover it at any point. What I find intriguing is that after plugging the stick into my computer (using Ubuntu), there's no (terminal) way to find out what block device (/dev/sdx) it has associated. The only way I could determine that was with GParted: But blkid shows the following: /dev/sda1: UUID="12F695CFF695B387" LABEL="System Reserved" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="A0BAA6EABAA6BC62" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb1: UUID="546aec8b-9ad6-4571-b07a-adba63e25820" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb2: UUID="2a8b82d8-6c6e-4053-a446-bab970d93d7c" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdb3: UUID="7cbede7d-c930-4e59-9d1b-01f2d79bd092" TYPE="ext4" No trace of /dev/sdc. My question is: if I didn't have a graphical interface (to use GParted), how would I have known which block device is my stick?

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• Recover LVM2 volume group after one HDD failed

  - by Bernd

  I had two HDDs, each one containing a LVM partition which formed a volume group. Then I had two LVs, one for my / directory and one for my /home/ directory. Yesterday where I had my / dir failed. I'm trying to recover at least my /home/ dir. What I've done so far: Boot a live system Extract LVM2 metadata from the working HDD using dd Copy metadata to /etc/lvm/backup/vg0 Now I'm trying to do this: pvcreate --restore /etc/lvm/backup/vg0 --uuid "[uuid of my working hdd]" /dev/sdb2 But I always get: Couldn't find device with uuid '[uuid of broken hdd]'. Couldn't find device with uuid '[uuid of working hdd]'. Device /dev/sdb2 not found (or ignored by filtering). I confirmed that /dev/sdb2 exists and I've commented out all filtering settings from /etc/lvm/lvm.conf so I don't know what might be causing pvcreate not to find the device. So: What might be the problem? Is it even possible to restore this partition? (As I'm writing this I'm starting to think it's impossible D:) Edit: Okay, looks like I've got it figured out. I was using a Ubuntu 8.10 CD (yeah, I know it's not supported anymore) and it seems that was the problem. When I started from a Ubuntu 10.04 CD everything worked 'fine', I could mount my LVM partitions partially without problems. (Will answer the question in 4 hours. But if anyone has still got some hints/tips, please share! :)

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• Online resizing of kvm guest root filesystem?

  - by Bittrance

  I have a Linux guest that uses an LVM volume directly as root file system (that is, there is no partition table). libvirt config looks thus: <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type> <kernel>/boot/vmlinuz-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64</kernel> <initrd>/boot/initramfs-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64.img</initrd> <cmdline>console=ttyS0 root=/dev/vda</cmdline> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none' io='native'/> <source dev='/dev/vg/guest'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> From inside the guest: $ mount /dev/vda on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) Is it possible to resize the guest's root partition without rebooting the guest? Just doing lvextend on the host and resize2fs from the guest does not seem to be enough.

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• How to manage mounted partitions (fstab + mount points) from puppet

  - by Cristian Ciupitu

  I want to manage the mounted partitions from puppet which includes both modifying /etc/fstab and creating the directories used as mount points. The mount resource type updates fstab just fine, but using file for creating the mount points is bit tricky. For example, by default the owner of the directory is root and if the root (/) of the mounted partition has another owner, puppet will try to change it and I don't want this. I know that I can set the owner of that directory, but why should I care what's on the mounted partition? All I want to do is mount it. Is there a way to make puppet not to care about the permissions of the directory used as the mount point? This is what I'm using right now: define extra_mount_point( $device, $location = "/mnt", $fstype = "xfs", $owner = "root", $group = "root", $mode = 0755, $seltype = "public_content_t" $options = "ro,relatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec", ) { file { "${location}/${name}": ensure => directory, owner => "${owner}", group => "${group}", mode => $mode, seltype => "${seltype}", } mount { "${location}/${name}": atboot => true, ensure => mounted, device => "${device}", fstype => "${fstype}", options => "${options}", dump => 0, pass => 2, require => File["${location}/${name}"], } } extra_mount_point { "sda3": device => "/dev/sda3", fstype => "xfs", owner => "ciupicri", group => "ciupicri", $options = "relatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec", } In case it matters, I'm using puppet-0.25.4-1.fc13.noarch.rpm and puppet-server-0.25.4-1.fc13.noarch.rpm.

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• Ubuntu Device-mapper seems to be invincible!

  - by Andrew Bolster

  I'm working on a hopefully unrelated question question and I've got to a strange situation. First: I know very little about the very low level hardware kernal storage driver magix, so I'm hoping a) someone can help and b) someone can explain it to me better. I've been trying a dozen different configurations of my 2x500GB SATA drives over the past few hours involving switching between ACHI/IDE/RAID in my bios; After each attempt I've reset the bios option, booted into a live CD, deleting partitions and rewriting partition tables left on the drives. Now, however, I've been sitting with a /dev/mapper/nvidia_XXXXXXX1 that seems to be impossible to kill! its the only 'partition' that i see in the Ubuntu install (but I can see the others in parted) but it is only the size of one of the drives, and I know I did not set any RAID levels other than RAID0. Anyone have any ideas how I can kill this and get back to just two independent IDE drives? Or can anyone convince me of a reason to go the AHCI route? Many thanks in advance.

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• CentOS - mdadm raid1 drive won't mount to default location

  - by danny

  I'm running CentOS 5.5, the system, boot, swap, etc. is all on /dev/sda and I have two identical single-partition drives /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 that are configured in RAID1 (using mdadm). It was working fine (configured to mount to /mnt/data in the fstab file) and I recently let yum install a couple of automatic updates without paying attention to what they were, and now it doesn't work. Raid is working fine (dmesg shows it gets loaded correctly). mdstat shows: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0] XXXX blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Additionally, I can mount it anywhere other than its default directory (i.e. the following works, and I can read data off the drives). # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/data2 EXT3-fs warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended But when I run the following I get: # mount -a mount: /dev/sdb1 already mounted or /mnt/data busy It says nothing is mounted when I try to umount /dev/sdb1 or umount /mnt/data, so I assume it's the second of those errors. However, lsof | grep mnt shows nothing. The weird thing is that I can save files in /mnt/data. So something is obviously mounted there, but when I try to umount it I get the error that nothing is mounted. /etc/mtab doesn't mention any of the partitions or files I am trying to work with, and fstab just has that one line I mentioned above that is supposed to mount my raid partition. Again, it was all working fine until I On Google I've found a few things about dmraid interfering with mdadm after an update, but I yum remove'd dmraid and rebooted and it didn't help. I'm really confused and need to get this working to get on with my work!

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• `:Zone.Identifier` files keep on appearing in Windows XP virtual machine

  - by Jonathan Reno

  I have a Windows XP Home Edition guest and a Linux Mint 13 host. I use VirtualBox and the ~/Public directory is shared with the guest. It sometimes happens that I use IE on the guest system to download files (until I get a better Windows browser). All of the downloaded files go the the L:\ drive (the ~/Public directory). When they are finished downloading, Windows Explorer adds a :Zone.Identifier file for each file I download. When I extract a downloaded ZIP archive on the guest (on drive L:\), Windows creates a :Zone.Identifier file for every file in the extracted directory. This even occurs if I use the host to move a file to the ~/Public directory. The shared ~/Public directory is on an ext4 partition and the colon character is supposed to be illegal in file names in Windows, but not on the ext4 partition. Is there any way to stop Windows from putting all this rubbish on my filesystem? (I might have to create a shell script to clean up after Windows' act.) Here is what I see in Windows Explorer: By the way, if I were running a Mac OS X host (where colons are illegal file name characters) this would be even more horrendous.

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• High disk I/O - jbd2/sda2-8 process

  - by Evan Hamlet

  I have run a file server on a CentOS 5.8 final server. My only concern at the moment is what appears to be intermittent but continuous high disk I/O activity causing a general slowdown because of jbd2/sda2-8 process. jbd2/sda2-8 is making use of /dev/sda2, which is the 2nd partition of the first harddrive (IE: root partition). More info: using "iotop" the culprit appears to be "jbd2/sda1-8" making writes every second, which appears to be a kernel process associated with journaling on the ext4 filesystem, if my googling around is correct. I see "jbd2/sda2-8" appearing here every now and then, but certainly not every 3 seconds.. when idle, it appears about 1 or 2 times per minute. When I'm using the system, it appears more frequently. ATOP results: http://grabilla.com/02b14-8022db2e-4eb9-4f10-8e10-d65c49ad7530.png IOTOP results: http://grabilla.com/02b14-cf74b25d-4063-4447-9210-7d1b9b70e25b.png HTOP results: grabilla. com/02b14-ad8cad0e-89b0-46d3-849d-4fd515c1e690.png jbd2/sda2-8 is the processes I see with iotop making writes on disk even though it's not in use at all. Does someone has any idea how could I solve the high disk usage caused jbd2/sda2-8 process?

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• CDROM does not appear on desktop, MACOS 10.5.7

  - by Cheeso

  When I pop a CDROM into the drive of my Macbook Pro, It spins up, I hear it, but no icon appears on the desktop. (I think it's 10.5.7; actually not sure how to verify this on Mac, but I think I saw a 10.5.7 flash by somewhere). In the finder preferences, I have "Show these items on the Desktop" set to show HDs, External Disks, and CDs, DVDs, and ipods. All three of those are checked. I do see the internal HD on the desktop. In Disk utility I can see the CD/DVD hardware. It says "MATSHITA DVD-R UJ-857E...". From Disk Utility I can eject the drive. But in Finder, there is never a CD/DVD listed under "Devices". When I insert a disk, nothing happens, I cannot see it. I also cannot boot from bootable CDROMs by holding C down . Suggestions? I am not very experienced with Mac; I have used Windows for years. EDIT Two updates: I saw this article on support.apple.com, and modified the hostconfig appropriately. It did not have the AUTODISKMOUNT entry, so I added one, rebooted. Same behavior. It does not see the CDROM in Finder, does not mount it on desktop. I put an old manufactured CDROM into the drive, and voila! it showed up on the desktop. The CD that does not appear is a GNome Partition Editor Live CD, which I guess is based on debian. That CD boots in other (non-Mac) PCs. I want to use this to adjust the Bootcamp partition. Suggestions?

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• How do I boot [embedded] linux from sd card?

  - by Brandon Yates

  I am hacking together a quick embedded linux system on a DM816x evm board. Previously I have been using TFTP and NFS to load my kernel and root filesystem to the board. I am now trying to switch over to loading everything from an SD card. I have my card partitioned such that uBoot and my kernel image are in one partition, and my rootFS in another partition. At power-on, Uboot starts correctly and successfully launches the kernel. However, the kernel is unable to mount the root file system. It appears that it doesn't recognize any SD (mmc) cards. It gives this error message. VFS: Cannot open root device "mmcblk0p2" or unknown-block(2,0) Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions: 1f00 256 mtdblock0 (driver?) 1f01 8 mtdblock1 (driver?) 1f02 2560 mtdblock2 (driver?) 1f03 1272 mtdblock3 (driver?) 1f04 2432 mtdblock4 (driver?) 1f05 128 mtdblock5 (driver?) 1f06 4352 mtdblock6 (driver?) 1f07 204928 mtdblock7 (driver?) 1f08 50304 mtdblock8 (driver?) Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0) I feel like I'm missing something fundamental here. Why does it not recognize the root device I am trying to load from? Here is my uBoot boot script that is running: setenv bootargs console=ttyO2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw mem=124M earlyprink vram=50M ti816xfb.vram=0:16M,1:16M,2:6M ip=off noinitrd;mmc init;fatload mmc 1 0x80009000 uImage;bootm 0x80009000

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• No discs found when trying to install Windows 8 with UEFI

  - by Sahas Katta

  I have a Vizio Notebook (CN15-A5). It came pre-installed with Windows 8 x64 and is taking advantage of UEFI out of the box. The BIOS (APTOS AMI) is in Secure Boot mode with the OS selected as "Windows 8". I removed the stock HDD that came with the machine and put my own SSD into it. I created a Windows 8 Pro x64 installation disc on a 4GB USB flash drive formated as FAT32 since its apparently required for UEFI. When I boot from the USB Win8 installation disc, I get suck when I reach the "Custom: Install Windows only" section. Normally you would see a list of available discs and their partitions, however my entire list is blank. If I head back to the BIOS and disable Secure Boot and set the OS to "Other OS" and attempt again, I am able to see the list of available discs in the system and can install a copy of Windows 8. Unfortunately, doing it in this method results in an installation with a traditional 350 MB partition + OS partition instead of 4 partitions which is normal for a UEFI setup. Has anyone run into this problem? I've tried loading defaults in the BIOS and attempting to install via every combination with no luck. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Active Directory Child Domain Replication Problems

  - by MikeR

  Hi, I've recently inherited an Active Directory (all DCs Windows 2003) which has been configured with several child domains that are used as test environments for out CRM software. Two of these child domains have been used for testing using dates in the future (2015), throwing them well outside of the Kerberos tolerance for time, and they're flooding my event logs with replication errors such as the following: Description: The attempt to establish a replication link for the following writable directory partition failed. Directory partition: CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=com Source domain controller: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=TESTDC001,CN=Servers,CN=SiteName,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=com Source domain controller address: 38e95b2a-35af-4174-84ba-9ab039528cce._msdcs.ad.xxxxxxx.com Intersite transport (if any): This domain controller will be unable to replicate with the source domain controller until this problem is corrected. User Action Verify if the source domain controller is accessible or network connectivity is available. Additional Data Error value: 5 Access is denied. I'd also like to upgrade to Windows 2008 at some point, but wouldn't want to attempt any schema updates while I'm not 100% confident on the replication. I'm guessing my only real solution will be to get rid of these child domains. The child domains are operating as stand alone domains, the DC is up and running and authenticating test users fine. I'm guessing the best solution to this would be to delete the domains (although I'd be happily told otherwise). The clock forwarding appears to have been happening for several years, so I'm assuming I can't just put the clock right (I'm guessing scope for this would be 180days, the same as the tombstone lifetime) With the replication errors would I be able to dcpromo the child domains DC, select it as the last domain controller in the domain and the child domain would be deleted? Or would I be better off treating the domain as an orphaned domain and use Microsoft's instructions to clear up as such. Any advice would be much appreciated.

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on a n ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• How to set up GRUB2 chainloader to other Grub (Fedora, Debian) on GPT

  - by basic6

  I'm trying to set up a dedicated GRUB2 which (chain-)loads another GRUB on a disk with GPT partition table. Relevant partitions: /dev/sda1 BIOS_BOOT /dev/sda2 BOOT (ext2) /dev/sda3 FEDORA (ext4) /dev/sda6 DEBIAN (ext4) I installed Fedora first, using /dev/sda2 as boot partition. Then I installed Debian. The Debian installer recognized the Fedora installation and added it as boot entry, then installed its GRUB into the MBR. While this works for the moment, it's pretty messy, because every Debian update may change the boot config, removing the Fedora entry (tried it) and the other way around. That's why I want both systems to have their own boot loader and one main boot loader (that could reside on /dev/sda2), which loads one of them. This is what I've tried: Moved everything from /dev/sda2 to /dev/sda3/boot Removed /boot mount point in Fedora (so /dev/sda2 isn't used anymore) From a live Linux, installed GRUB2 to the MBR (grub-install --boot-directory=sda2 /dev/sda) Wrote a menu.lst: title Fedora root (hd0,2) chainloader +1 (Again, for Debian) Converted that to a grub.cfg script (grub-menu2cfg or something like that) When booting, actually got a GRUB2 menu with "Fedora" (and "Debian") When selecting any one of those: error: invalid signature Issued "grub-install /dev/sda6" (and ...sda3) from all kinds of live Linux systems, all of which failed with another error message (in the case of the Debian installer, without explanation at all) Added --force to the chainloader line, now it says "loading", then reboots Found douzens of howtos, none of which seem to work for me Since I get the self-made GRUB2 menu on bootup, I've at least successfully installed the first stage of GRUB, right? When trying to chainload, some signature is checked and seems to be wrong - how do I fix it? The boot menus (Fedora with its different Kernel versions and Debian with Debian and Fedora as well) are now on the system partitions (/dev/sda3, /dev/sda6), is there anything else to do on these partitions, so they can be chainloaded? Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• How would I force Debian to use the physical sector size on a hard disk?

  - by Confused User

  I just purchased a few new 3TB WD drives. These have physical 4k sectors, but there is some sort of layer which is providing 512B logical sectors (see the partition table below). In order to attempt to get some more speed out of my hard drives, I would like to get rid of this logical layer and actually use the physical 4k sectors. However, I can't figure out how to do this (or even if it's possible) from the man pages of fdisk and parted, or from searching Google. Does anybody know how this could be done? As to why this is relevant, this page demonstrates that meerly aligning the sectors properly can already make up to a 25% speed difference for reads, and more than 2500% for writes in some cases! Getting rid of the logical sectors in favor of the physicals ones should improve speeds even more. Thanks! $ parted /dev/sdc GNU Parted 2.3 Using /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print Model: ATA WDC WD30EZRX-00M (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 3001GB 3001GB zfs 9 3001GB 3001GB 8389kB P.S. I don't care about the data on the drives, I was just playing with different file systems. Also, this is my first time posting here, so please let me know if my posts should be formatted differently, etc.

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• File system concepts (df command)

  - by mkab

  I'm finding it difficult to understand some stuffs about the df command. Suppose I type df and I have the following output Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/da0s1 some number some number number percentage /win /dev/da0s2 some number some number number percentage /win/home /dev/da0s3a some number some number number percentage / devfs some number some number number percentage /dev /dev/da0s3g some number some number number percentage /local /dev/da0s3h some number some number -number 102% /reste /dev/da0s3d some number some number number percentage /tmp /dev/da1s3f some number some number number percentage /usr /dev/da1s3e some number some number number percentage /var /dev/da1s1a some number some number number percentage /public Are the answers to the following questions correct? How many physical drives do I have? Ans: 2. da0s1 and da1s1 How many physical partitions on each disk? Ans: 8 for da0s1 and 1 for da1s1 How many BSD partition on each physical partition Ans: Impossible to determine. We have to use the -T to determine its type How is it possible for the file system /dev/da0s3h filled at 102%? And where is this overflowed data written?Ans: I have no idea for this one Thanks.

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