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  • Diving into OpenStack Network Architecture - Part 2 - Basic Use Cases

    - by Ronen Kofman
      rkofman Normal rkofman 4 138 2014-06-05T03:38:00Z 2014-06-05T05:04:00Z 3 2735 15596 Oracle Corporation 129 36 18295 12.00 Clean Clean false false false false EN-US X-NONE HE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} In the previous post we reviewed several network components including Open vSwitch, Network Namespaces, Linux Bridges and veth pairs. In this post we will take three simple use cases and see how those basic components come together to create a complete SDN solution in OpenStack. With those three use cases we will review almost the entire network setup and see how all the pieces work together. The use cases we will use are: 1.       Create network – what happens when we create network and how can we create multiple isolated networks 2.       Launch a VM – once we have networks we can launch VMs and connect them to networks. 3.       DHCP request from a VM – OpenStack can automatically assign IP addresses to VMs. This is done through local DHCP service controlled by OpenStack Neutron. We will see how this service runs and how does a DHCP request and response look like. In this post we will show connectivity, we will see how packets get from point A to point B. We first focus on how a configured deployment looks like and only later we will discuss how and when the configuration is created. Personally I found it very valuable to see the actual interfaces and how they connect to each other through examples and hands on experiments. After the end game is clear and we know how the connectivity works, in a later post, we will take a step back and explain how Neutron configures the components to be able to provide such connectivity.  We are going to get pretty technical shortly and I recommend trying these examples on your own deployment or using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview. Understanding these three use cases thoroughly and how to look at them will be very helpful when trying to debug a deployment in case something does not work. Use case #1: Create Network Create network is a simple operation it can be performed from the GUI or command line. When we create a network in OpenStack the network is only available to the tenant who created it or it could be defined as “shared” and then it can be used by all tenants. A network can have multiple subnets but for this demonstration purpose and for simplicity we will assume that each network has exactly one subnet. Creating a network from the command line will look like this: # neutron net-create net1 Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field                     | Value                                | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up            | True                                 | | id                        | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c | | name                      | net1                                 | | provider:network_type     | vlan                                 | | provider:physical_network | default                              | | provider:segmentation_id  | 1000                                 | | shared                    | False                                | | status                    | ACTIVE                               | | subnets                   |                                      | | tenant_id                 | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f     | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ Creating a subnet for this network will look like this: # neutron subnet-create net1 10.10.10.0/24 Created a new subnet: +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Field            | Value                                          | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "10.10.10.2", "end": "10.10.10.254"} | | cidr             | 10.10.10.0/24                                  | | dns_nameservers  |                                                | | enable_dhcp      | True                                           | | gateway_ip       | 10.10.10.1                                     | | host_routes      |                                                | | id               | 2d7a0a58-0674-439a-ad23-d6471aaae9bc           | | ip_version       | 4                                              | | name             |                                                | | network_id       | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c           | | tenant_id        | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f               | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ We now have a network and a subnet, on the network topology view this looks like this: Now let’s dive in and see what happened under the hood. Looking at the control node we will discover that a new namespace was created: # ip netns list qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c   The name of the namespace is qdhcp-<network id> (see above), let’s look into the namespace and see what’s in it: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo     inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 12: tap26c9b807-7c: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/ether fa:16:3e:1d:5c:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 10.10.10.3/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global tap26c9b807-7c     inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe1d:5c81/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever   We see two interfaces in the namespace, one is the loopback and the other one is an interface called “tap26c9b807-7c”. This interface has the IP address of 10.10.10.3 and it will also serve dhcp requests in a way we will see later. Let’s trace the connectivity of the “tap26c9b807-7c” interface from the namespace.  First stop is OVS, we see that the interface connects to bridge  “br-int” on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 8a069c7c-ea05-4375-93e2-b9fc9e4b3ca1     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2"                 type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2"     Bridge br-ex         Port br-ex             Interface br-ex                 type: internal     Bridge br-int         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"         Port "tap26c9b807-7c"             tag: 1             Interface "tap26c9b807-7c"                 type: internal         Port br-int             Interface br-int                 type: internal     ovs_version: "1.11.0"   In the picture above we have a veth pair which has two ends called “int-br-eth2” and "phy-br-eth2", this veth pair is used to connect two bridge in OVS "br-eth2" and "br-int". In the previous post we explained how to check the veth connectivity using the ethtool command. It shows that the two are indeed a pair: # ethtool -S int-br-eth2 NIC statistics:      peer_ifindex: 10 . .   #ip link . . 10: phy-br-eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 . . Note that “phy-br-eth2” is connected to a bridge called "br-eth2" and one of this bridge's interfaces is the physical link eth2. This means that the network which we have just created has created a namespace which is connected to the physical interface eth2. eth2 is the “VM network” the physical interface where all the virtual machines connect to where all the VMs are connected. About network isolation: OpenStack supports creation of multiple isolated networks and can use several mechanisms to isolate the networks from one another. The isolation mechanism can be VLANs, VxLANs or GRE tunnels, this is configured as part of the initial setup in our deployment we use VLANs. When using VLAN tagging as an isolation mechanism a VLAN tag is allocated by Neutron from a pre-defined VLAN tags pool and assigned to the newly created network. By provisioning VLAN tags to the networks Neutron allows creation of multiple isolated networks on the same physical link.  The big difference between this and other platforms is that the user does not have to deal with allocating and managing VLANs to networks. The VLAN allocation and provisioning is handled by Neutron which keeps track of the VLAN tags, and responsible for allocating and reclaiming VLAN tags. In the example above net1 has the VLAN tag 1000, this means that whenever a VM is created and connected to this network the packets from that VM will have to be tagged with VLAN tag 1000 to go on this particular network. This is true for namespace as well, if we would like to connect a namespace to a particular network we have to make sure that the packets to and from the namespace are correctly tagged when they reach the VM network. In the example above we see that the namespace interface “tap26c9b807-7c” has vlan tag 1 assigned to it, if we examine OVS we see that it has flows which modify VLAN tag 1 to VLAN tag 1000 when a packet goes to the VM network on eth2 and vice versa. We can see this using the dump-flows command on OVS for packets going to the VM network we see the modification done on br-eth2: #  ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-eth2 NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):  cookie=0x0, duration=18669.401s, table=0, n_packets=857, n_bytes=163350, idle_age=25, priority=4,in_port=2,dl_vlan=1 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1000,NORMAL  cookie=0x0, duration=165108.226s, table=0, n_packets=14, n_bytes=1000, idle_age=5343, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=2 actions=drop  cookie=0x0, duration=165109.813s, table=0, n_packets=1671, n_bytes=213304, idle_age=25, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL   For packets coming from the interface to the namespace we see the following modification: #  ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):  cookie=0x0, duration=18690.876s, table=0, n_packets=1610, n_bytes=210752, idle_age=1, priority=3,in_port=1,dl_vlan=1000 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1,NORMAL  cookie=0x0, duration=165130.01s, table=0, n_packets=75, n_bytes=3686, idle_age=4212, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop  cookie=0x0, duration=165131.96s, table=0, n_packets=863, n_bytes=160727, idle_age=1, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL   To summarize we can see that when a user creates a network Neutron creates a namespace and this namespace is connected through OVS to the “VM network”. OVS also takes care of tagging the packets from the namespace to the VM network with the correct VLAN tag and knows to modify the VLAN for packets coming from VM network to the namespace. Now let’s see what happens when a VM is launched and how it is connected to the “VM network”. Use case #2: Launch a VM Launching a VM can be done from Horizon or from the command line this is how we do it from Horizon: Attach the network: And Launch Once the virtual machine is up and running we can see the associated IP using the nova list command : # nova list +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | ID                                   | Name         | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks        | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | 3707ac87-4f5d-4349-b7ed-3a673f55e5e1 | Oracle Linux | ACTIVE | None       | Running     | net1=10.10.10.2 | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ The nova list command shows us that the VM is running and that the IP 10.10.10.2 is assigned to this VM. Let’s trace the connectivity from the VM to VM network on eth2 starting with the VM definition file. The configuration files of the VM including the virtual disk(s), in case of ephemeral storage, are stored on the compute node at/var/lib/nova/instances/<instance-id>/. Looking into the VM definition file ,libvirt.xml,  we see that the VM is connected to an interface called “tap53903a95-82” which is connected to a Linux bridge called “qbr53903a95-82”: <interface type="bridge">       <mac address="fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87"/>       <source bridge="qbr53903a95-82"/>       <target dev="tap53903a95-82"/>     </interface>   Looking at the bridge using the brctl show command we see this: # brctl show bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces qbr53903a95-82          8000.7e7f3282b836       no              qvb53903a95-82                                                         tap53903a95-82    The bridge has two interfaces, one connected to the VM (“tap53903a95-82 “) and another one ( “qvb53903a95-82”) connected to “br-int” bridge on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 83c42f80-77e9-46c8-8560-7697d76de51c     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2"                 type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2"     Bridge br-int         Port br-int             Interface br-int                 type: internal         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"         Port "qvo53903a95-82"             tag: 3             Interface "qvo53903a95-82"     ovs_version: "1.11.0"   As we showed earlier “br-int” is connected to “br-eth2” on OVS using the veth pair int-br-eth2,phy-br-eth2 and br-eth2 is connected to the physical interface eth2. The whole flow end to end looks like this: VM è tap53903a95-82 (virtual interface)è qbr53903a95-82 (Linux bridge) è qvb53903a95-82 (interface connected from Linux bridge to OVS bridge br-int) è int-br-eth2 (veth one end) è phy-br-eth2 (veth the other end) è eth2 physical interface. The purpose of the Linux Bridge connecting to the VM is to allow security group enforcement with iptables. Security groups are enforced at the edge point which are the interface of the VM, since iptables nnot be applied to OVS bridges we use Linux bridge to apply them. In the future we hope to see this Linux Bridge going away rules.  VLAN tags: As we discussed in the first use case net1 is using VLAN tag 1000, looking at OVS above we see that qvo41f1ebcf-7c is tagged with VLAN tag 3. The modification from VLAN tag 3 to 1000 as we go to the physical network is done by OVS  as part of the packet flow of br-eth2 in the same way we showed before. To summarize, when a VM is launched it is connected to the VM network through a chain of elements as described here. During the packet from VM to the network and back the VLAN tag is modified. Use case #3: Serving a DHCP request coming from the virtual machine In the previous use cases we have shown that both the namespace called dhcp-<some id> and the VM end up connecting to the physical interface eth2  on their respective nodes, both will tag their packets with VLAN tag 1000.We saw that the namespace has an interface with IP of 10.10.10.3. Since the VM and the namespace are connected to each other and have interfaces on the same subnet they can ping each other, in this picture we see a ping from the VM which was assigned 10.10.10.2 to the namespace: The fact that they are connected and can ping each other can become very handy when something doesn’t work right and we need to isolate the problem. In such case knowing that we should be able to ping from the VM to the namespace and back can be used to trace the disconnect using tcpdump or other monitoring tools. To serve DHCP requests coming from VMs on the network Neutron uses a Linux tool called “dnsmasq”,this is a lightweight DNS and DHCP service you can read more about it here. If we look at the dnsmasq on the control node with the ps command we see this: dnsmasq --no-hosts --no-resolv --strict-order --bind-interfaces --interface=tap26c9b807-7c --except-interface=lo --pid-file=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/pid --dhcp-hostsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host --dhcp-optsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/opts --leasefile-ro --dhcp-range=tag0,10.10.10.0,static,120s --dhcp-lease-max=256 --conf-file= --domain=openstacklocal The service connects to the tap interface in the namespace (“--interface=tap26c9b807-7c”), If we look at the hosts file we see this: # cat  /var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87,host-10-10-10-2.openstacklocal,10.10.10.2   If you look at the console output above you can see the MAC address fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87 which is the VM MAC. This MAC address is mapped to IP 10.10.10.2 and so when a DHCP request comes with this MAC dnsmasq will return the 10.10.10.2.If we look into the namespace at the time we initiate a DHCP request from the VM (this can be done by simply restarting the network service in the VM) we see the following: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c tcpdump -n 19:27:12.191280 IP 0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87, length 310 19:27:12.191666 IP 10.10.10.3.bootps > 10.10.10.2.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 325   To summarize, the DHCP service is handled by dnsmasq which is configured by Neutron to listen to the interface in the DHCP namespace. Neutron also configures dnsmasq with the combination of MAC and IP so when a DHCP request comes along it will receive the assigned IP. Summary In this post we relied on the components described in the previous post and saw how network connectivity is achieved using three simple use cases. These use cases gave a good view of the entire network stack and helped understand how an end to end connection is being made between a VM on a compute node and the DHCP namespace on the control node. One conclusion we can draw from what we saw here is that if we launch a VM and it is able to perform a DHCP request and receive a correct IP then there is reason to believe that the network is working as expected. We saw that a packet has to travel through a long list of components before reaching its destination and if it has done so successfully this means that many components are functioning properly. In the next post we will look at some more sophisticated services Neutron supports and see how they work. We will see that while there are some more components involved for the most part the concepts are the same. @RonenKofman

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  • Root certificate authority works windows/linux but not mac osx - (malformed)

    - by AKwhat
    I have created a self-signed root certificate authority which if I install onto windows, linux, or even using the certificate store in firefox (windows/linux/macosx) will work perfectly with my terminating proxy. I have installed it into the system keychain and I have set the certificate to always trust. Within the chrome browser details it says "The certificate that Chrome received during this connection attempt is not formatted correctly, so Chrome cannot use it to protect your information. Error type: Malformed certificate" I used this code to create the certificate: openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:***** -out private/server.key 4096 openssl req -batch -passin pass:***** -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3600 -key private/server.key -out server.crt -config ../openssl.cnf If the issue is NOT that it is malformed (because it works everywhere else) then what else could it be? Am I installing it incorrectly? To be clear: Within the windows/linux OS, all browsers work perfectly. Within mac only firefox works if it uses its internal certificate store and not the keychain. It's the keychain method of importing a certificate that causes the issue. Thus, all browsers using the keychain will not work. Root CA Cert: -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- **some base64 stuff** -----END CERTIFICATE----- Intermediate CA Cert: Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=*****, ST=*******, L=******, O=*******, CN=******/emailAddress=****** Validity Not Before: May 21 13:57:32 2014 GMT Not After : Jun 20 13:57:32 2014 GMT Subject: C=*****, ST=********, O=*******, CN=*******/emailAddress=******* Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (4096 bit) Modulus (4096 bit): 00:e7:2d:75:38:23:02:8e:b9:8d:2f:33:4c:2a:11: 6d:d4:f8:29:ab:f3:fc:12:00:0f:bb:34:ec:35:ed: a5:38:10:1e:f3:54:c2:69:ae:3b:22:c0:0d:00:97: 08:da:b9:c9:32:c0:c6:b1:8b:22:7e:53:ea:69:e2: 6d:0f:bd:f5:96:b2:d0:0d:b2:db:07:ba:f1:ce:53: 8a:5e:e0:22:ce:3e:36:ed:51:63:21:e7:45:ad:f9: 4d:9b:8f:7f:33:4c:ed:fc:a6:ac:16:70:f5:96:36: 37:c8:65:47:d1:d3:12:70:3e:8d:2f:fb:9f:94:e0: c9:5f:d0:8c:30:e0:04:23:38:22:e5:d9:84:15:b8: 31:e7:a7:28:51:b8:7f:01:49:fb:88:e9:6c:93:0e: 63:eb:66:2b:b4:a0:f0:31:33:8b:b4:04:84:1f:9e: d5:ed:23:cc:bf:9b:8e:be:9a:5c:03:d6:4f:1a:6f: 2d:8f:47:60:6c:89:c5:f0:06:df:ac:cb:26:f8:1a: 48:52:5e:51:a0:47:6a:30:e8:bc:88:8b:fd:bb:6b: c9:03:db:c2:46:86:c0:c5:a5:45:5b:a9:a3:61:35: 37:e9:fc:a1:7b:ae:71:3a:5c:9c:52:84:dd:b2:86: b3:2e:2e:7a:5b:e1:40:34:4a:46:f0:f8:43:26:58: 30:87:f9:c6:c9:bc:b4:73:8b:fc:08:13:33:cc:d0: b7:8a:31:e9:38:a3:a9:cc:01:e2:d4:c2:a5:c1:55: 52:72:52:2b:06:a3:36:30:0c:5c:29:1a:dd:14:93: 2b:9d:bf:ac:c1:2d:cd:3f:89:1f:bc:ad:a4:f2:bd: 81:77:a9:f4:f0:b9:50:9e:fb:f5:da:ee:4e:b7:66: e5:ab:d1:00:74:29:6f:01:28:32:ea:7d:3f:b3:d7: 97:f2:60:63:41:0f:30:6a:aa:74:f4:63:4f:26:7b: 71:ed:57:f1:d4:99:72:61:f4:69:ad:31:82:76:67: 21:e1:32:2f:e8:46:d3:28:61:b1:10:df:4c:02:e5: d3:cc:22:30:a4:bb:81:10:dc:7d:49:94:b2:02:2d: 96:7f:e5:61:fa:6b:bd:22:21:55:97:82:18:4e:b5: a0:67:2b:57:93:1c:ef:e5:d2:fb:52:79:95:13:11: 20:06:8c:fb:e7:0b:fd:96:08:eb:17:e6:5b:b5:a0: 8d:dd:22:63:99:af:ad:ce:8c:76:14:9a:31:55:d7: 95:ea:ff:10:6f:7c:9c:21:00:5e:be:df:b0:87:75: 5d:a6:87:ca:18:94:e7:6a:15:fe:27:dd:28:5e:c0: ad:d2:91:d3:2d:8e:c3:c0:9f:fb:ff:c0:36:7e:e2: d7:bc:41 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: DNS:localhost, DNS:dropbox.com, DNS:*.dropbox.com, DNS:filedropper.com, DNS:*.filedropper.com X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: F3:E5:38:5B:3C:AF:1C:73:C1:4C:7D:8B:C8:A1:03:82:65:0D:FF:45 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:2B:37:39:7B:9F:45:14:FE:F8:BC:CA:E0:6E:B4:5F:D6:1A:2B:D7:B0 DirName:/C=****/ST=******/L=*******/O=*******/CN=******/emailAddress=******* serial:EE:8C:A3:B4:40:90:B0:62 X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption 46:2a:2c:e0:66:e3:fa:c6:80:b6:81:e7:db:c3:29:ab:e7:1c: f0:d9:a0:b7:a9:57:8c:81:3e:30:8f:7d:ef:f7:ed:3c:5f:1e: a5:f6:ae:09:ab:5e:63:b4:f6:d6:b6:ac:1c:a0:ec:10:19:ce: dd:5a:62:06:b4:88:5a:57:26:81:8e:38:b9:0f:26:cd:d9:36: 83:52:ec:df:f4:63:ce:a1:ba:d4:1c:ec:b6:66:ed:f0:32:0e: 25:87:79:fa:95:ee:0f:a0:c6:2d:8f:e9:fb:11:de:cf:26:fa: 59:fa:bd:0b:74:76:a6:5d:41:0d:cd:35:4e:ca:80:58:2a:a8: 5d:e4:d8:cf:ef:92:8d:52:f9:f2:bf:65:50:da:a8:10:1b:5e: 50:a7:7e:57:7b:94:7f:5c:74:2e:80:ae:1e:24:5f:0b:7b:7e: 19:b6:b5:bd:9d:46:5a:e8:47:43:aa:51:b3:4b:3f:12:df:7f: ef:65:21:85:c2:f6:83:84:d0:8d:8b:d9:6d:a8:f9:11:d4:65: 7d:8f:28:22:3c:34:bb:99:4e:14:89:45:a4:62:ed:52:b1:64: 9a:fd:08:cd:ff:ca:9e:3b:51:81:33:e6:37:aa:cb:76:01:90: d1:39:6f:6a:8b:2d:f5:07:f8:f4:2a:ce:01:37:ba:4b:7f:d4: 62:d7:d6:66:b8:78:ad:0b:23:b6:2e:b0:9a:fc:0f:8c:4c:29: 86:a0:bc:33:71:e5:7f:aa:3e:0e:ca:02:e1:f6:88:f0:ff:a2: 04:5a:f5:d7:fe:7d:49:0a:d2:63:9c:24:ed:02:c7:4d:63:e6: 0c:e1:04:cd:a4:bf:a8:31:d3:10:db:b4:71:48:f7:1a:1b:d9: eb:a7:2e:26:00:38:bd:a8:96:b4:83:09:c9:3d:79:90:e1:61: 2c:fc:a0:2c:6b:7d:46:a8:d7:17:7f:ae:60:79:c1:b6:5c:f9: 3c:84:64:7b:7f:db:e9:f1:55:04:6e:b5:d3:5e:d3:e3:13:29: 3f:0b:03:f2:d7:a8:30:02:e1:12:f4:ae:61:6f:f5:4b:e9:ed: 1d:33:af:cd:9b:43:42:35:1a:d4:f6:b9:fb:bf:c9:8d:6c:30: 25:33:43:49:32:43:a5:a8:d8:82:ef:b0:a6:bd:8b:fb:b6:ed: 72:fd:9a:8f:00:3b:97:a3:35:a4:ad:26:2f:a9:7d:74:08:82: 26:71:40:f9:9b:01:14:2e:82:fb:2f:c0:11:51:00:51:07:f9: e1:f6:1f:13:6e:03:ee:d7:85:c2:64:ce:54:3f:15:d4:d7:92: 5f:87:aa:1e:b4:df:51:77:12:04:d2:a5:59:b3:26:87:79:ce: ee:be:60:4e:87:20:5c:7f -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- **some base64 stuff** -----END CERTIFICATE-----

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  • Blog Buzz - Devoxx 2011

    - by Janice J. Heiss
    Some day I will make it to Devoxx – for now, I’m content to vicariously follow the blogs of attendees and pick up on what’s happening.  I’ve been doing more blog "fishing," looking for the best commentary on 2011 Devoxx. There’s plenty of food for thought – and the ideas are not half-baked.The bloggers are out in full, offering useful summaries and commentary on Devoxx goings-on.Constantin Partac, a Java developer and a member of Transylvania JUG, a community from Cluj-Napoca/Romania, offers an excellent summary of the Devoxx keynotes. Here’s a sample:“Oracle Opening Keynote and JDK 7, 8, and 9 Presentation•    Oracle is committed to Java and wants to provide support for it on any device.•    JSE 7 for Mac will be released next week.•    Oracle would like Java developers to be involved in JCP, to adopt a JSR and to attend local JUG meetings.•    JEE 7 will be released next year.•    JEE 7 is focused on cloud integration, some of the features are already implemented in glassfish 4 development branch.•    JSE 8 will be release in summer of 2013 due to “enterprise community request” as they can not keep the pace with an 18    month release cycle.•    The main features included in JSE8 are lambda support, project Jigsaw, new Date/Time API, project Coin++ and adding   support for sensors. JSE 9 probably will focus on some of these features:1.    self tuning JVM2.    improved native language integration3.    processing enhancement for big data4.    reification (adding runtime class type info for generic types)5.    unification of primitive and corresponding object classes6.    meta-object protocol in order to use type and methods define in other JVM languages7.    multi-tenancy8.    JVM resource management” Thanks Constantin! Ivan St. Ivanov, of SAP Labs Bulgaria, also commented on the keynotes with a different focus.  He summarizes Henrik Stahl’s look ahead to Java SE 8 and JavaFX 3.0; Cameron Purdy on Java EE and the cloud; celebrated Java Champion Josh Bloch on what’s good and bad about Java; Mark Reinhold’s quick look ahead to Java SE 9; and Brian Goetz on lambdas and default methods in Java SE 8. Here’s St. Ivanov’s account of Josh Bloch’s comments on the pluses of Java:“He started with the virtues of the platform. To name a few:    Tightly specified language primitives and evaluation order – int is always 32 bits and operations are executed always from left  to right, without compilers messing around    Dynamic linking – when you change a class, you need to recompile and rebuild just the jar that has it and not the whole application    Syntax  similarity with C/C++ – most existing developers at that time felt like at home    Object orientations – it was cool at that time as well as functional programming is today    It was statically typed language – helps in faster runtime, better IDE support, etc.    No operator overloading – well, I’m not sure why it is good. Scala has it for example and that’s why it is far better for defining DSLs. But I will not argue with Josh.”It’s worth checking out St. Ivanov’s summary of Bloch’s views on what’s not so great about Java as well. What's Coming in JAX-RS 2.0Marek Potociar, Principal Software Engineer at Oracle and currently specification lead of Java EE RESTful web services API (JAX-RS), blogged on his talk about what's coming in JAX-RS 2.0, scheduled for final release in mid-2012.  Here’s a taste:“Perhaps the most wanted addition to the JAX-RS is the Client API, that would complete the JAX-RS story, that is currently server-side only. In JAX-RS 2.0 we are adding a completely interface-based and fluent client API that blends nicely in with the existing fluent response builder pattern on the server-side. When we started with the client API, the first proposal contained around 30 classes. Thanks to the feedback from our Expert Group we managed to reduce the number of API classes to 14 (2 of them being exceptions)! The resulting is compact while at the same time we still managed to create an API that reflects the method invocation context flow (e.g. once you decide on the target URI and start setting headers on the request, your IDE will not try to offer you a URI setter in the code completion). This is a subtle but very important usability aspect of an API…” Obviously, Devoxx is a great Java conference, one that is hitting this year at a time when much is brewing in the platform and beginning to be anticipated.

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  • How to detect and configure an output with xrandr?

    - by ysap
    I have a DELL U2410 monitor connected to a Compaq 100B desktop equipped with an integrated AMD/ATI graphics card (AMD E-350). The installed O/S is Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The computer is connected to the monitor via the DVI connection. The problem is that I cannot set the desktop resolution to the native 1920x1200. The maximum allowed resolution is 1600x1200. Doing some research I found about the xrandr utility. Unfortunately, when trying to use it I cannot configure it to the required resolution. First, it does not report the output name (which supposed to be DVI-0), saying default instead. Without it I cannot use the --fb option. The EDID utility seems to identify the monitor well. Here's the output from get-edid: # EDID version 1 revision 3 Section "Monitor" # Block type: 2:0 3:ff # Block type: 2:0 3:fc Identifier "DELL U2410" VendorName "DEL" ModelName "DELL U2410" # Block type: 2:0 3:ff # Block type: 2:0 3:fc # Block type: 2:0 3:fd HorizSync 30-81 VertRefresh 56-76 # Max dot clock (video bandwidth) 170 MHz # DPMS capabilities: Active off:yes Suspend:yes Standby:yes Mode "1920x1200" # vfreq 59.950Hz, hfreq 74.038kHz DotClock 154.000000 HTimings 1920 1968 2000 2080 VTimings 1200 1203 1209 1235 Flags "-HSync" "+VSync" EndMode # Block type: 2:0 3:ff # Block type: 2:0 3:fc # Block type: 2:0 3:fd EndSection but the xrandr -q command returns: Screen 0: minimum 640 x 400, current 1600 x 1200, maximum 1600 x 1200 default connected 1600x1200+0+0 0mm x 0mm 1600x1200 0.0* 1280x1024 0.0 1152x864 0.0 1024x768 0.0 800x600 0.0 640x480 0.0 720x400 0.0 When I try to set the resolution, I get: $ xrandr --fb 1920x1200 xrandr: screen cannot be larger than 1600x1200 (desired size 1920x1200) $ xrandr --output DVI-0 --auto warning: output DVI-0 not found; ignoring How can I set the screen resolution to 1920x1200? Why doesn't xrandr identify the DVI-0 output? Note that the same computer running Ubuntu version higher than 10.04 detects the correct resolution with no problems. On this machine I cannot upgrade due to some legacy hardware compatibility problems. Also, I don't see any optional screen drivers available in the Hardware Drivers dialog. ---- UPDATE: following the answer to this question, I got some advance. Now the required mode is listed in the xrandr -q list, but I can't switch to that mode. Using the Monitors applet (which now shows the new mode), I get the response that: The selected configuration for displays could not be applied. Could not set the configuration to CRTC 262. From the command line it looks like this: $ cvt 1920 1200 60 # 1920x1200 59.88 Hz (CVT 2.30MA) hsync: 74.56 kHz; pclk: 193.25 MHz Modeline "1920x1200_60.00" 193.25 1920 2056 2256 2592 1200 1203 1209 1245 -hsync +vsync $ xrandr --newmode "1920x1200_60.00" 193.25 1920 2056 2256 2592 1200 1203 1209 1245 -hsync +vsync $ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 640 x 400, current 1600 x 1200, maximum 1600 x 1200 default connected 1600x1200+0+0 0mm x 0mm 1600x1200 0.0* 1280x1024 0.0 1152x864 0.0 1024x768 0.0 800x600 0.0 640x480 0.0 720x400 0.0 1920x1200_60.00 (0x120) 193.0MHz h: width 1920 start 2056 end 2256 total 2592 skew 0 clock 74.5KHz v: height 1200 start 1203 end 1209 total 1245 clock 59.8Hz $ xrandr --addmode default 1920x1200_60.00 $ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 640 x 400, current 1600 x 1200, maximum 1600 x 1200 default connected 1600x1200+0+0 0mm x 0mm 1600x1200 0.0* 1280x1024 0.0 1152x864 0.0 1024x768 0.0 800x600 0.0 640x480 0.0 720x400 0.0 1920x1200_60.00 59.8 $ xrandr --output default --mode 1920x1200_60.00 xrandr: Configure crtc 0 failed Another piece of info (if it helps anyone): $ sudo lshw -c video *-display UNCLAIMED description: VGA compatible controller product: ATI Technologies Inc vendor: ATI Technologies Inc physical id: 1 bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:c0000000-cfffffff(prefetchable) ioport:f000(size=256) memory:feb00000-feb3ffff

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  • PHP code works on Chrome, but not on Firefox or IE (send email via HTML form) [on hold]

    - by Cachirro
    My brother has this form: <form id="lista" action="lista2.php" method="post"> <input name="cf_name" type="text" size="50" hidden="yes" class="obscure"> <input name="cf_email" type="text" size="50" hidden="yes" class="obscure"> <textarea name="cf_message" cols="45" rows="10" hidden="yes" class="obscure"> </textarea> <input type="image" name="submit" value="Enviar Lista por Email" src="imagens/lista_email.png" width="40" height="40" onclick="this.form.elements['cf_message'].value = lista_mail;this.form.elements['cf_name'].value = prompt('Escreva o seu nome:', '');this.form.elements['cf_email'].value = prompt('Escreva o seu email:', '');"> <input name="submit2" type="submit" value="Enviar" hidden="yes" class="obscure"> </form> That calls this PHP file: <?php if ( isset($_POST['submit']) ) { // Dados de autenticacao SMTP $smtpinfo['host'] = 'localhost'; $smtpinfo['port'] = '25'; $smtpinfo['auth'] = true; $smtpinfo['username'] = 'xxx'; $smtpinfo['password'] = 'xxx'; // Dados recebidos do formulario $nome = $_POST['cf_name']; $email = $_POST['cf_email']; $mensagem = $_POST['cf_message']; // Inclusão de ficheiro PEAR. Certifique-se que o PEAR está activado no seu alojamento require_once "Mail.php"; // Corpo da mensagem $body = "Nome: ".$nome; $body.= "\n\n"; $body.= nl2br($mensagem); $headers = array ('From' => $email, 'To' => $smtpinfo["username"], 'Subject' => 'Encomenda Website'); $mail_object = Mail::factory('smtp', $smtpinfo); $mail = $mail_object->send($smtpinfo["username"], $headers, $body); if ( PEAR::isError($mail) ) { echo ("<p>" . $mail->getMessage() . "</p>"); } else { echo ('<b><font color="FFFF00">Mensagem enviada com sucesso.<br><br></b>Seu email: ' . $email . '<br><br></font>'); }} ?> This basically sends an email with some selected products, name and email. The problem is that it works perfectly on Chrome, but not on FF or IE. When the submit image is pressed, the URL changes to the PHP file, but it displays a blank page. After display errors activated: ini_set('display_errors',1); ini_set('display_startup_errors',1); error_reporting(-1) FF/IE display blank page and email isn't sent, Chrome sends the email and displays this: Strict Standards: Non-static method Mail::factory() should not be called statically in /var/www/vhosts/[site url]/httpdocs/lista2.php on line 33 Strict Standards: Non-static method PEAR::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /usr/share/php/Mail/smtp.php , dont know if it helps So, what is causing the email to be sent on chrome and not on FF or IE? Thank you.

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  • Optimizing mathematics on arrays of floats in Ada 95 with GNATC

    - by mat_geek
    Consider the bellow code. This code is supposed to be processing data at a fixed rate, in one second batches, It is part of an overal system and can't take up too much time. When running over 100 lots of 1 seconds worth of data the program takes 35 seconds; or 35%. How do I improce the code to get the processing time down to a minimum? The code will be running on an Intel Pentium-M which is a P3 with SSE2. package FF is new Ada.Numerics.Generic_Elementary_Functions(Float); N : constant Integer := 820; type A is array(1 .. N) of Float; type A3 is array(1 .. 3) of A; procedure F(state : in out A3; result : out A3; l : in A; r : in A) is s : Float; t : Float; begin for i in 1 .. N loop t := l(i) + r(i); t := t / 2.0; state(1)(i) := t; state(2)(i) := t * 0.25 + state(2)(i) * 0.75; state(3)(i) := t * 1.0 /64.0 + state(2)(i) * 63.0 /64.0; for r in 1 .. 3 loop s := state(r)(i); t := FF."**"(s, 6.0) + 14.0; if t > MAX then t := MAX; elsif t < MIN then t := MIN; end if; result(r)(i) := FF.Log(t, 2.0); end loop; end loop; end;

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  • LINQ-To-SQL and Mapping Table Deletions

    - by Jake
    I have a many-to-many relationship between two tables, let's say Friends and Foods. If a friend likes a food I stick a row into the FriendsFoods table, like this: ID Friend Food 1 'Tom' 'Pizza' FriendsFoods has a Primary Key 'ID', and two non-null foreign keys 'Friend' and 'Food' to the 'Friends' and 'Foods' tables, respectively. Now suppose I have a Friend tom .NET object corresponding to 'Tom', and Tom no longer likes pizza (what is wrong with him?) FriendsFoods ff = tblFriendsFoods.Where(x => x.Friend.Name == 'Tom' && x.Food.Name == 'Pizza').Single(); tom.FriendsFoods.Remove(ff); pizza.FriendsFoods.Remove(ff); If I try to SubmitChanges() on the DataContext, I get an exception because it attempts to insert a null into the Friend and Food columns in the FriendsFoods table. I'm sure I can put together some kind of convoluted logic to track changes to the FriendsFoods table, intercept SubmitChanges() calls, etc to try and get this to work the way I want, but is there a nice, clean way to remove a Many-To-Many relationship with LINQ-To-SQL?

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  • Content-disposition:inline header won't show images inline?

    - by hamstar
    I'm trying to show an image inline on a page. It is being served by a codeigniter controller. class Asset extends MY_Controller { function index( $folder, $file ) { $asset = "assets/$folder/$file"; if ( !file_exists( $asset ) ) { show_404(); return; } switch ( $folder ) { case 'css': header('Content-type: text/css'); break; case 'js': header('Content-type: text/javascript'); break; case 'images': $ext = substr( $file, strrpos($file, '.') ); switch ( $ext ) { case 'jpg': $ext = 'jpeg'; break; case 'svg': $ext = 'svg+xml'; break; } header('Content-Disposition: inline'); header('Content-type: image/'.$ext); } readfile( $asset ); } } When I load a image in Chrome of FF its pops up the download window. I know when the browser can't display the content inline it will force a download anyway, but these are PNG and GIF images which display in the browser fine otherwise. In IE it doesn't force a download but it displays the image in ASCII. If I comment out the entire image case it FF and Chrome both display the ASCII but not the image. I thought setting the content type would allow FF and Chrome to show the actual image, and also allow the location to be used as an src. The javascript and css shows fine of course. Anyone got any ideas how I can make the images show properly? Thanks :)

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  • Why does iOS 5 fail to connect to a server running JDK 1.6, but not JDK 1.5

    - by KC Baltz
    We have a Java Socket Server listening on an SSLSocket (port 443) and an iOS application that connects with it. When running on iOS 5.1, the application stopped working when we upgraded the Java version of the server from JDK 1.5 to 1.6 (or 1.7). The app connects just fine to JDK 5 and 6 when running on iOS 6. The iOS app is reporting an error: -9809 = errSSLCrypto. On the Java side, we get javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: close_notify. On the Java server side, we have enabled all the available cipher suites. On the client side we have tested enabling several different suites, although we have yet to complete a test involving each one individually enabled. Right now, it is failing when we use TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA although it has failed with others and we are starting to think it's not the suite. Here is the debug output. It makes it all the way to ServerHelloDone and then fails shortly thereafter: Is secure renegotiation: false [Raw read]: length = 5 0000: 16 03 03 00 41 ....A [Raw read]: length = 65 0000: 01 00 00 3D 03 03 50 83 1E 0B 56 19 25 65 C8 F2 ...=..P...V.%e.. 0010: AF 02 AD 48 FE E2 92 CF B8 D7 A6 A3 EA C5 FF 5D ...H...........] 0020: 74 0F 1B C1 99 18 00 00 08 00 FF 00 34 00 1B 00 t...........4... 0030: 18 01 00 00 0C 00 0D 00 08 00 06 05 01 04 01 02 ................ 0040: 01 . URT-, READ: Unknown-3.3 Handshake, length = 65 *** ClientHello, Unknown-3.3 RandomCookie: GMT: 1333992971 bytes = { 86, 25, 37, 101, 200, 242, 175, 2, 173, 72, 254, 226, 146, 207, 184, 215, 166, 163, 234, 197, 255, 93, 116, 15, 27, 193, 153, 24 } Session ID: {} Cipher Suites: [TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV, TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5] Compression Methods: { 0 } Unsupported extension signature_algorithms, data: 00:06:05:01:04:01:02:01 *** [read] MD5 and SHA1 hashes: len = 65 0000: 01 00 00 3D 03 03 50 83 1E 0B 56 19 25 65 C8 F2 ...=..P...V.%e.. 0010: AF 02 AD 48 FE E2 92 CF B8 D7 A6 A3 EA C5 FF 5D ...H...........] 0020: 74 0F 1B C1 99 18 00 00 08 00 FF 00 34 00 1B 00 t...........4... 0030: 18 01 00 00 0C 00 0D 00 08 00 06 05 01 04 01 02 ................ 0040: 01 . %% Created: [Session-1, TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA] *** ServerHello, TLSv1 RandomCookie: GMT: 1333992972 bytes = { 100, 3, 56, 153, 7, 2, 251, 64, 41, 32, 66, 240, 227, 181, 55, 190, 2, 237, 146, 0, 73, 119, 70, 0, 160, 9, 28, 207 } Session ID: {80, 131, 30, 12, 241, 73, 52, 38, 46, 41, 237, 226, 199, 246, 156, 45, 3, 247, 182, 43, 223, 8, 49, 169, 188, 63, 160, 41, 102, 199, 50, 190} Cipher Suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA Compression Method: 0 Extension renegotiation_info, renegotiated_connection: <empty> *** Cipher suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA *** Diffie-Hellman ServerKeyExchange DH Modulus: { 233, 230, 66, 89, 157, 53, 95, 55, 201, 127, 253, 53, 103, 18, 11, 142, 37, 201, 205, 67, 233, 39, 179, 169, 103, 15, 190, 197, 216, 144, 20, 25, 34, 210, 195, 179, 173, 36, 128, 9, 55, 153, 134, 157, 30, 132, 106, 171, 73, 250, 176, 173, 38, 210, 206, 106, 34, 33, 157, 71, 11, 206, 125, 119, 125, 74, 33, 251, 233, 194, 112, 181, 127, 96, 112, 2, 243, 206, 248, 57, 54, 148, 207, 69, 238, 54, 136, 193, 26, 140, 86, 171, 18, 122, 61, 175 } DH Base: { 48, 71, 10, 213, 160, 5, 251, 20, 206, 45, 157, 205, 135, 227, 139, 199, 209, 177, 197, 250, 203, 174, 203, 233, 95, 25, 10, 167, 163, 29, 35, 196, 219, 188, 190, 6, 23, 69, 68, 64, 26, 91, 44, 2, 9, 101, 216, 194, 189, 33, 113, 211, 102, 132, 69, 119, 31, 116, 186, 8, 77, 32, 41, 216, 60, 28, 21, 133, 71, 243, 169, 241, 162, 113, 91, 226, 61, 81, 174, 77, 62, 90, 31, 106, 112, 100, 243, 22, 147, 58, 52, 109, 63, 82, 146, 82 } Server DH Public Key: { 8, 60, 59, 13, 224, 110, 32, 168, 116, 139, 246, 146, 15, 12, 216, 107, 82, 182, 140, 80, 193, 237, 159, 189, 87, 34, 18, 197, 181, 252, 26, 27, 94, 160, 188, 162, 30, 29, 165, 165, 68, 152, 11, 204, 251, 187, 14, 233, 239, 103, 134, 168, 181, 173, 206, 151, 197, 128, 65, 239, 233, 191, 29, 196, 93, 80, 217, 55, 81, 240, 101, 31, 119, 98, 188, 211, 52, 146, 168, 127, 127, 66, 63, 111, 198, 134, 70, 213, 31, 162, 146, 25, 178, 79, 56, 116 } Anonymous *** ServerHelloDone [write] MD5 and SHA1 hashes: len = 383 0000: 02 00 00 4D 03 01 50 83 1E 0C 64 03 38 99 07 02 ...M..P...d.8... 0010: FB 40 29 20 42 F0 E3 B5 37 BE 02 ED 92 00 49 77 .@) B...7.....Iw 0020: 46 00 A0 09 1C CF 20 50 83 1E 0C F1 49 34 26 2E F..... P....I4&. 0030: 29 ED E2 C7 F6 9C 2D 03 F7 B6 2B DF 08 31 A9 BC ).....-...+..1.. 0040: 3F A0 29 66 C7 32 BE 00 34 00 00 05 FF 01 00 01 ?.)f.2..4....... 0050: 00 0C 00 01 26 00 60 E9 E6 42 59 9D 35 5F 37 C9 ....&.`..BY.5_7. 0060: 7F FD 35 67 12 0B 8E 25 C9 CD 43 E9 27 B3 A9 67 ..5g...%..C.'..g 0070: 0F BE C5 D8 90 14 19 22 D2 C3 B3 AD 24 80 09 37 ......."....$..7 0080: 99 86 9D 1E 84 6A AB 49 FA B0 AD 26 D2 CE 6A 22 .....j.I...&..j" 0090: 21 9D 47 0B CE 7D 77 7D 4A 21 FB E9 C2 70 B5 7F !.G...w.J!...p.. 00A0: 60 70 02 F3 CE F8 39 36 94 CF 45 EE 36 88 C1 1A `p....96..E.6... 00B0: 8C 56 AB 12 7A 3D AF 00 60 30 47 0A D5 A0 05 FB .V..z=..`0G..... 00C0: 14 CE 2D 9D CD 87 E3 8B C7 D1 B1 C5 FA CB AE CB ..-............. 00D0: E9 5F 19 0A A7 A3 1D 23 C4 DB BC BE 06 17 45 44 ._.....#......ED 00E0: 40 1A 5B 2C 02 09 65 D8 C2 BD 21 71 D3 66 84 45 @.[,..e...!q.f.E 00F0: 77 1F 74 BA 08 4D 20 29 D8 3C 1C 15 85 47 F3 A9 w.t..M ).<...G.. 0100: F1 A2 71 5B E2 3D 51 AE 4D 3E 5A 1F 6A 70 64 F3 ..q[.=Q.M>Z.jpd. 0110: 16 93 3A 34 6D 3F 52 92 52 00 60 08 3C 3B 0D E0 ..:4m?R.R.`.<;.. 0120: 6E 20 A8 74 8B F6 92 0F 0C D8 6B 52 B6 8C 50 C1 n .t......kR..P. 0130: ED 9F BD 57 22 12 C5 B5 FC 1A 1B 5E A0 BC A2 1E ...W"......^.... 0140: 1D A5 A5 44 98 0B CC FB BB 0E E9 EF 67 86 A8 B5 ...D........g... 0150: AD CE 97 C5 80 41 EF E9 BF 1D C4 5D 50 D9 37 51 .....A.....]P.7Q 0160: F0 65 1F 77 62 BC D3 34 92 A8 7F 7F 42 3F 6F C6 .e.wb..4....B?o. 0170: 86 46 D5 1F A2 92 19 B2 4F 38 74 0E 00 00 00 .F......O8t.... URT-, WRITE: TLSv1 Handshake, length = 383 [Raw write]: length = 388 0000: 16 03 01 01 7F 02 00 00 4D 03 01 50 83 1E 0C 64 ........M..P...d 0010: 03 38 99 07 02 FB 40 29 20 42 F0 E3 B5 37 BE 02 .8....@) B...7.. 0020: ED 92 00 49 77 46 00 A0 09 1C CF 20 50 83 1E 0C ...IwF..... P... 0030: F1 49 34 26 2E 29 ED E2 C7 F6 9C 2D 03 F7 B6 2B .I4&.).....-...+ 0040: DF 08 31 A9 BC 3F A0 29 66 C7 32 BE 00 34 00 00 ..1..?.)f.2..4.. 0050: 05 FF 01 00 01 00 0C 00 01 26 00 60 E9 E6 42 59 .........&.`..BY 0060: 9D 35 5F 37 C9 7F FD 35 67 12 0B 8E 25 C9 CD 43 .5_7...5g...%..C 0070: E9 27 B3 A9 67 0F BE C5 D8 90 14 19 22 D2 C3 B3 .'..g......."... 0080: AD 24 80 09 37 99 86 9D 1E 84 6A AB 49 FA B0 AD .$..7.....j.I... 0090: 26 D2 CE 6A 22 21 9D 47 0B CE 7D 77 7D 4A 21 FB &..j"!.G...w.J!. 00A0: E9 C2 70 B5 7F 60 70 02 F3 CE F8 39 36 94 CF 45 ..p..`p....96..E 00B0: EE 36 88 C1 1A 8C 56 AB 12 7A 3D AF 00 60 30 47 .6....V..z=..`0G 00C0: 0A D5 A0 05 FB 14 CE 2D 9D CD 87 E3 8B C7 D1 B1 .......-........ 00D0: C5 FA CB AE CB E9 5F 19 0A A7 A3 1D 23 C4 DB BC ......_.....#... 00E0: BE 06 17 45 44 40 1A 5B 2C 02 09 65 D8 C2 BD 21 ...ED@.[,..e...! 00F0: 71 D3 66 84 45 77 1F 74 BA 08 4D 20 29 D8 3C 1C q.f.Ew.t..M ).<. 0100: 15 85 47 F3 A9 F1 A2 71 5B E2 3D 51 AE 4D 3E 5A ..G....q[.=Q.M>Z 0110: 1F 6A 70 64 F3 16 93 3A 34 6D 3F 52 92 52 00 60 .jpd...:4m?R.R.` 0120: 08 3C 3B 0D E0 6E 20 A8 74 8B F6 92 0F 0C D8 6B .<;..n .t......k 0130: 52 B6 8C 50 C1 ED 9F BD 57 22 12 C5 B5 FC 1A 1B R..P....W"...... 0140: 5E A0 BC A2 1E 1D A5 A5 44 98 0B CC FB BB 0E E9 ^.......D....... 0150: EF 67 86 A8 B5 AD CE 97 C5 80 41 EF E9 BF 1D C4 .g........A..... 0160: 5D 50 D9 37 51 F0 65 1F 77 62 BC D3 34 92 A8 7F ]P.7Q.e.wb..4... 0170: 7F 42 3F 6F C6 86 46 D5 1F A2 92 19 B2 4F 38 74 .B?o..F......O8t 0180: 0E 00 00 00 .... [Raw read]: length = 5 0000: 15 03 01 00 02 ..... [Raw read]: length = 2 0000: 02 00 .. URT-, READ: TLSv1 Alert, length = 2 URT-, RECV TLSv1 ALERT: fatal, close_notify URT-, called closeSocket() URT-, handling exception: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: close_notify FYI, this works in iOS 6.0

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  • Checking if radio buttons are checked in Firefox

    - by Andrew Song
    On my site, I have two checkboxes created in my ASP.NET MVC view like so: Html.RadioButton("check", "true", "true" == (string) ViewData["someKey"], new { id = "check1"}); Html.RadioButton("check", "false", "false" == (string) ViewData["someKey"], new { id = "check2"}); I am positive that ViewData["someKey"] has the value "true" in it. In my JS init function, I perform the following check: alert($('#check1').is(':checked') + " " + $('#check2').is(':checked')); In Firefox (and only Firefox), my alert dialog will show the following (it works as expected in every other browser): Initial page load: true false Normal refresh via Ctrl + R: false false Refresh skipping cache via Ctrl + Shift + R: true false I have tried many different methods of looking at the checkbox value, including $('#check1').attr('checked') without success. If I examine the HTML in Firebug, I can see that the first radio button has the property checked="checked" in it. Why is the checkbox value changing in FF when I refresh, and how can I mitigate this? Since this seems to be a FF-only bug, how can I change my code to make it work? This SO question seemed to ask something similar, but none of the proposed solutions seem to work in this case. Edit: I should also point out that when the radio button is rendered after the refresh in FF, it's not actually being displayed as checked either, despite what the HTML is telling me. Edit2: Adding raw HTML as per request <input id="check1" type="radio" value="True" name="check" checked="checked"/> <input id="check2" type="radio" value="False" name="check"/>

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  • JQuery validate e-mail address regex

    - by RussP
    Hi folks, not too sure about how to do this. I need/want to validate email addresses by regex using something like this: [a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*@(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+(?:[A-Z]{2}|com|org|net|edu|gov|mil|biz|info|mobi|name|aero|asia|jobs|museum) Not I need to run this in a JQ function like this: Where does the validation go and wht is the expression? - please $j("#fld_emailaddress").live('change',function() { var emailaddress = $j("#fld_emailaddress").val(); // validation here? if(emailaddress){} // end validation $j.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "../ff-admin/ff-register/ff-user-check.php", data: "fld_emailaddress="+ emailaddress, success: function(msg) { if(msg == 'OK') { $j("#fld_username").attr('disabled',false); $j("#fld_password").attr('disabled',false); $j("#cmd_register_submit").attr('disabled',false); $j("#fld_emailaddress").removeClass('object_error'); // if necessary $j("#fld_emailaddress").addClass("object_ok"); $j('#email_ac').html('&nbsp;<img src="img/cool.png" align="absmiddle"> <font color="Green"> Your email <strong>'+ emailaddress+'</strong> is OK.</font> '); } else { $j("#fld_username").attr('disabled',true); $j("#fld_password").attr('disabled',true); $j("#cmd_register_submit").attr('disabled',true); $j("#fld_emailaddress").removeClass('object_ok'); // if necessary $j("#fld_emailaddress").addClass("object_error"); $j('#email_ac').html(msg); } } }); });

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  • Store a signed long int (32bit) as 4 octets?

    - by Doori Bar
    I managed to get a unsigned long int octets-representation (BE) by reading IPv4 methods, and I managed to read about how signed integers are using the MSB as the sign indicator, which makes 00 00 00 00 to be 0, while 7F FF FF FF is 2147483647. But I can't manage how to do the same for signed long integers? #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main (void) { unsigned long int intu32; unsigned char octets[4]; intu32 = 255; octets[3] = (intu32) & 255; octets[2] = (intu32 >> 8) & 255; octets[1] = (intu32 >> 16) & 255; octets[0] = (intu32 >> 24) & 255; printf("(%d)(%d)(%d)(%d)\n", octets[0], octets[1], octets[2], octets[3]); intu32 = (octets[0] << 24) | (octets[1] << 16) | (octets[2] << 8) | octets[3]; printf("intu32:%lu\n", intu32); return 0; } Thanks in advance, Doori bar

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  • model.matrix() with na.action=NULL?

    - by Vincent
    I have a formula and a data frame, and I want to extract the model.matrix(). However, I need the resulting matrix to include the NAs that were found in the original dataset. If I were to use model.frame() to do this, I would simply pass it na.action=NULL. However, the output I need is of the model.matrix() format. Specifically, I need only the right-hand side variables, I need the output to be a matrix (not a data frame), and I need factors to be converted to a series of dummy variables. I'm sure I could hack something together using loops or something, but I was wondering if anyone could suggest a cleaner and more efficient workaround. Thanks a lot for your time! And here's an example: dat <- data.frame(matrix(rnorm(20),5,4), gl(5,2)) dat[3,5] <- NA names(dat) <- c(letters[1:4], 'fact') ff <- a ~ b + fact # This omits the row with a missing observation on the factor model.matrix(ff, dat) # This keeps the NA, but it gives me a data frame and does not dichotomize the factor model.frame(ff, dat, na.action=NULL) Here is what I would like to obtain: (Intercept) b fact2 fact3 fact4 fact5 1 1 0.7266086 0 0 0 0 2 1 -0.6088697 0 0 0 0 3 NA 0.4643360 NA NA NA NA 4 1 -1.1666248 1 0 0 0 5 1 -0.7577394 0 1 0 0 6 1 0.7266086 0 1 0 0 7 1 -0.6088697 0 0 1 0 8 1 0.4643360 0 0 1 0 9 1 -1.1666248 0 0 0 1 10 1 -0.7577394 0 0 0 1

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  • C related, store a signed long int (32bit) as 4 octets?

    - by Doori Bar
    I managed to get a unsigned long int octets-representation (BE) by reading IPv4 methods, and I managed to read about how signed integers are using the MSB as the sign indicator, which makes 00 00 00 00 to be 0, while 7F FF FF FF is 2147483647. But I can't manage how to do the same for signed long integers? #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main (void) { unsigned long int intu32; unsigned char octets[4]; intu32 = 255; octets[3] = (intu32) & 255; octets[2] = (intu32 >> 8) & 255; octets[1] = (intu32 >> 16) & 255; octets[0] = (intu32 >> 24) & 255; printf("(%d)(%d)(%d)(%d)\n", octets[0], octets[1], octets[2], octets[3]); intu32 = (octets[0] << 24) | (octets[1] << 16) | (octets[2] << 8) | octets[3]; printf("intu32:%lu\n", intu32); return 0; } Thanks in advance, Doori bar

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  • Generate documents thumbnails (PDF, Word, Spreadsheets, etc.) from within PHP

    - by titel
    Hello guys, I was wondering if there is there is a way to create thumbnails for different types of documents, for instance PDF documents, Word Documents, Spreadsheets, etc, not only for the images, from within PHP? If this would be to hard to accomplish, I would also be interested in a way to achieve something similar only for PDF documents instead. Thank you in advance, Constantin TOVISI

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  • Why Internet Explorer can not display an image on the site?

    - by Emanuel
    I have a site that is managed with Joomla. I want to display an image in one of my articles but that image can not be viewed in Internet Explorer but other browsers can display it, although the path is ok. I miss something? Link: http://ascorbrasov.ro/images/stories/necula_ctin2.jpg Html: <img src="/images/stories/constantin_necula2.jpg" border="0" title="Constantin Necula - Conferinta" /> Thanks

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  • Free or open source self hosted project management tools?

    - by titel
    Hi guys, Does anyone know a free self hosted alternative to Basecamp or Active Collab? Basic requirements would be projects, milestones, tasks, users, reminders, reports. I've sped some time using this tools but now we need a tool for a project we're running and we're looking for some free alternative. Thanks in advance for your time, Constantin Tovisi

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  • What's wrong with this .htaccess rewrite

    - by titel
    Hi guys, I spend a lot of time trying to figure out what's wrong with this .htaccess rewrite with no success. It produces a "500 Internal Server Error" :( RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(([^/]+/)*)gallery/ RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%1gallery/cache/$0 -f RewriteRule ^.+ cache/$0 [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^.* index.php/$0 [L] Can anyone see any problem? Thanks in advance, Constantin TOVISI

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  • Linux Mint Wireless doesn't connect

    - by guisantogui
    I'm having a great problem, I've installed Linux mint debian edition (LMDE), and following this tutorial http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/161 I did installed the network driver. The available connections appears to me, but when i try to connect to my connection at first time, I got this message: "(4) Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken." And the following tries, I got this another message: "(32) Insufficient privileges." I'm accepting ideas. Thanks. EDIT: The last piece of the logs: Oct 5 00:22:38 gsouza-host ntpd[2116]: peers refreshed Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host NetworkManager[2019]: <info> (wlan0): bringing up device. Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host wpa_supplicant[2055]: nl80211: 'nl80211' generic netlink not found Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host wpa_supplicant[2055]: Failed to initialize driver 'nl80211' Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host wpa_supplicant[2055]: rfkill: WLAN soft blocked Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host NetworkManager[2019]: <info> WiFi hardware radio set enabled Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host NetworkManager[2019]: <info> WiFi now enabled by radio killswitch Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host NetworkManager[2019]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: starting -> ready Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host NetworkManager[2019]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: unavailable -> disconnected (reason 'supplicant-available') [20 30 42] Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host NetworkManager[2019]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: ready -> inactive Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host NetworkManager[2019]: <warn> Trying to remove a non-existant call id. Oct 5 00:22:42 gsouza-host wpa_supplicant[2055]: rfkill: WLAN unblocked Oct 5 00:22:44 gsouza-host avahi-daemon[1827]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface wlan0.IPv6 with address fe80::7ae4:ff:fe4a:13a9. Oct 5 00:22:44 gsouza-host avahi-daemon[1827]: New relevant interface wlan0.IPv6 for mDNS. Oct 5 00:22:44 gsouza-host avahi-daemon[1827]: Registering new address record for fe80::7ae4:ff:fe4a:13a9 on wlan0.*. Oct 5 00:22:46 gsouza-host ntpd[2116]: Listen normally on 7 wlan0 fe80::7ae4:ff:fe4a:13a9 UDP 123 Oct 5 00:22:46 gsouza-host ntpd[2116]: peers refreshed

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  • How do I get rid of phantom bookmarks in Google Chrome on Mac OS X 10.6?

    - by Philip
    I'm running Chrome 5.0.375.38 on OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard and although I'm positive that when I installed it I told it NOT to import my Firefox bookmarks, it nevertheless still accessed my OLD Firefox bookmarks (including some that I deleted) when I used the location bar. HOWEVER, when I opened the bookmarks manager, it said that I have no bookmarks whatsoever. Seeking to solve this problem, I installed XMarks on both FF and Chrome, and forced Chrome to download the server bookmarks. Now Chrome lists all my current FF bookmarks, but STILL sees the old, phantom bookmarks from when I first installed Chrome in the location bar, even though when I search for these same bookmarks in the bookmarks manager they don't show up. Aargh! Any ideas? Even if there's some way to force-kill-wipeout-clean-erase ALL my Chrome bookmarks that's fine as long as it kills the phantom ones b/c I can still overwrite with XMarks. Thanks!

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  • Secure Login add on stopped working after installing BitDefender

    - by ldigas
    I'm using FF 3.5.4. with Secure Login 0.9.3 add on (lovely little thing). After a lot of persuading, my sys admin finally got to me, and I let him install BitDefender on my machine as well ... and naturally, like all anti virus programs do, it had to screw up something, and it was that add on. It says now in the add onns menu, that it isn't compatible with FF 3.5.4. (which is possible, I don' know, but it did work until one hour ago). What to do to make it work again? All ideas welcomed. I really hate writing all that logins/passwords by ahnd.

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  • I can't work locally unless connected to the internet - how to fix?

    - by Rodney
    Hi, In Firefox, when I am disconnected from the net, I want to work locally on my local IIS server (Win XP, Firefox 3.5.10). I do NOT have Work Offline checked but FF says that it cannot find my site (ie. the message from FF if you try to access an online site offline) This applies to any localhost URL. I tried 127.0.0.1 and checked my Host file - that does not work either. If I check Work Offline then it shows the Firefox message that it cannot be reached because I have Work Offline checked. Unchecking it does not help. Then - I load up Safari, copy and paste the URL into that browser and it connects to my development localhost site. It is not just browser caching as I can log in etc. So Firefox will not let me develop locally unless I am connected to the internet, which is a problem. Suggestions please?

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