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  • md5sum repeatedly gives different checksum for same file on same machine

    - by Joel
    I have a very small and quite old hard drive disk, about 32G. On to this disk I have copied a largish tar file, about 5G. When I run md5sum to generate a checksum on this file I repeatedly get different results (on the same machine and the same file). This obviously should not happen. If I repeat the experiment with a much smaller file, as expected the checksum is the same each time. I can only assume that because the large file is spanning most of the disk, and it is an old drive, I am experiencing a lot of read errors on the hard drive - and it needs replacing? Could there be any other good reason for this? Something I can do to fix the problem other than buying a new disk? Update: sha1sum also produces inconsistent results.

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  • Using UDF on a USB flash drive

    - by CesarB
    After failing to copy a file bigger than 4G to my 8G USB flash drive, I formatted it as ext3. While this is working fine for me so far, it will cause problems if I want to use it to copy files to someone which does not use Linux. I am thinking of formatting it as UDF instead, which I hope would allow it to be read (and possibly even written) on the three most popular operating systems (Windows, MacOS, and Linux), without having to install any extra drivers. However, from what I found on the web already, there seem to be several small gotchas related to which parameters are used to create the filesystem, which can reduce the compability (but most of the pages I found are about optical media, not USB flash drives). I would like to know: Which utility should I use to create the filesystem? (So far I have found mkudffs and genisoimage, and mkudffs seems the best option.) Which parameters should I use with the chosen utility for maximum compability? How compatible with the most common versions of these three operating systems UDF actually is? Is using UDF actually the best idea? Is there another filesystem which would have better compatibility, with no problematic restrictions like the FAT32 4G file size limit, and without having to install special drivers in every single computer which touches it?

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  • Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on a n ext4 SSD?

    - by snowlord
    I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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  • How to write to a Mac OSX read-only filesystem?

    - by marienbad
    I have DMG I need to mount and write a file to. When I mount it, finder shows the root and all as read-only. Then I discovered 'mount -w'. But when I run that, I get 'mount: unknown special file or file system.' How can I mount this disk image as writable, or force a file into it?

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  • Sharing storage on Linux and Solaris

    - by devlearn
    I'm looking for a solution in order to share a san mounted volume between several hosts running on Linux (RHEL) and/or Solaris (Sparc). Note that I basically need to share a set of directories containing large binary files that are accessed in random R/W mode. I have the following reqs : keep the data on the SAN suitable i/o performances as the software is pretty demanding on IOPS stick to a shared file system as I can't afford a cluster fs (lack of MDS/OSS infrastructure) compression could be really usefull For now I've found only the following candidates : GFS2 , supports Linux only, no compression VxFS , supports Linux and Solaris, compression supported So if you have some suggestions for this list, I'll really welcome them. Thanks in advance,

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  • Mounting FTP as filesystem in debian using curlftpfs

    - by Karel Bílek
    I am trying to mount a FTP as filesystem in debian using curlftpfs. What I get after running curlftpfs -o allow_other username:[email protected] /mnt/myftp/ is just: fuse: failed to open /dev/fuse: Permission denied even when run as root. What am I doing wrong? (curlftpfs is in version curlftpfs 0.9.2 libcurl/7.21.0 fuse/2.8) edit: When I write ls -lah /dev/fuse, I see crw-rw---- 1 root fuse 10, 229 Apr 9 00:34 /dev/fuse ...but even when I add both myself and user root to group fuse, neither me (as a user) or user root can mount ftp, I still see fuse: failed to open /dev/fuse: Permission denied edit2: Even if I write this fairly insecure and crazy line: sudo chmod a+rwx /dev/fuse I still get the permission denied message. Which permissions could be denied? edit3: I forgot to mention I am on VPS with OpenVZ. I thought that there is no issue with this, but apparently, there is! I am adding the resolution as the answer.

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  • Unable to delete a directory from NTFS drive: "Access is deined"

    - by Evgeny
    I'm running Windows XP Pro x64 SP2. I have a directory on an NTFS drive that was created by a Maven build. A subsequent build attempted to delete this directory and failed. I now get the error "Access is denied" whenever I try to do anything with that directory: change to it, delete it, rename it. This happens both in Windows Explorer and from a command prompt. The properties dialog in Windows Explorer doesn't even contain the Security tab. I created the directory, so I don't think this is truly a permissions issue. I've occasionally had this error happen in the past is well. I believe the error is misleading, but the question is: what is the real problem and how do I fix it?

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  • Setup symbolic link where users can access it with FTP

    - by Dan Shields
    I have a folder on a server where a client of mine has a bunch of folders that they upload images and what not for a site, I do a symbolic link to those folders to the root of the website. This way I can give them ftp access to upload whatever they need without having access to the root level of the website. I have another folder that I can't setup as a symbolic link to their folder, which has images they need to upload to. I know that if I create a symbolic link the other way around where the sym link is in their folder, they can't access it through FTP. There has to be a way without creating two separate FTP accounts and give a user the ability to upload to a different directory that is outside of their home directory. I see that it is ftp specific and that there are some settings that can be changed but I haven't seen any clear cut answers for the best way to handle this.

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  • mounting ext4 fs with block size of 65536

    - by seaquest
    I am doing some benchmarking on EXT4 performance on Compact Flash media. I have created an ext4 fs with block size of 65536. however I can not mount it on ubuntu-10.10-netbook-i386. (it is already mounting ext4 fs with 4096 bytes of block sizes) According to my readings on ext4 it should allow such big block sized fs. I want to hear your comments. root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 -b 65536 /dev/sda3 Warning: blocksize 65536 not usable on most systems. mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) mkfs.ext4: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096) Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Warning: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096), forced to continue Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=65536 (log=6) Fragment size=65536 (log=6) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 19968 inodes, 19830 blocks 991 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 1 block group 65528 blocks per group, 65528 fragments per group 19968 inodes per group Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (1024 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. root@ubuntu:~# tune2fs -l /dev/sda3 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: 4cf3f507-e7b4-463c-be11-5b408097099b Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 19968 Block count: 19830 Reserved block count: 991 Free blocks: 18720 Free inodes: 19957 First block: 0 Block size: 65536 Fragment size: 65536 Blocks per group: 65528 Fragments per group: 65528 Inodes per group: 19968 Inode blocks per group: 78 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Sat Feb 5 14:40:02 2011 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: 37 Last checked: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Thu Aug 4 14:39:55 2011 Lifetime writes: 70 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: afb5b570-9d47-4786-bad2-4aacb3b73516 Journal backup: inode blocks root@ubuntu:~# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda3 /mnt/ mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so

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  • Calculate minimum ext3 partition size for certain amount of data

    - by Daniel Beck
    These following ext3 partitions contain identical data. As we can see, the larger the partition size, the more space is required for the same files: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/loop11 3965777 561064 3199964 15% [...] /dev/loop19 573029 543843 29186 95% [...] Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/loop11 3.8G 548M 3.1G 15% [...] /dev/loop19 560M 532M 29M 95% [...] Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/loop11 1024000 1656 1022344 1% [...] /dev/loop19 1024000 1656 1022344 1% [...] I start with a partition of fixed size that possibly wasted a lot of space and I want to create a partition that is able to hold that data but with (almost) minimal size. How can I reliably calculate that minimal partition size needed for storing a certain amount of data? The amount of data changes over time, and I need to automate these calculations.

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  • Ubuntu VM "read only file system" fix?

    - by David
    I was going to install VMWare tools on an Ubuntu server Virtual Machine, but I ran into the issue of not being able to create a cdrom directory in the /mnt directory. I then tested to see if it was just a permissions issue, but I couldn't even create a folder in the home directory. It continues to state that it is a read only file system. I know a little about Linux, and I'm not comfortable with it yet. Any advice would be much appreciated. Requested Information from a comment: username@servername:~$ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) For sure root output. root@server01:~# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)

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  • multiple file systems for mysql

    - by RainDoctor
    Does mysql support multiple file systems for a single database with most of the tables being on MyISAM? Context: we have a 1.5TB mysql database, which is increasing at the rate of 200GB per month. The storage is directly attached, whose slots are almost full. I can add another DAS, and increase the file system. But resizing volume, resizing file system, etc are getting messy. Is there a concept of "tablespace, datafile" (like in oracle) in MySql world? Or how you guys manage mysql db with these kind of constraints?

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  • How can I recover my system after running 'mkfs' on the system partition?

    - by Filip Podgórny
    I am not a Linux user, and was doing some homework, I blindly typed sudo mkfs ext3 dev/sda2 (I had Ubuntu as Windows installation). I've done few more things, and turned Ubuntu off to switch on Windows back. No operating system installed - this is the message I'm getting. I plugged my HDD onto another computer and all my files are still there. What should I do to get my windows installation back? df -l (before mkfs) /dev/loop0 29G 2,0G 27G 8% / udev 3,0G 4,0K 3,0G 1% /dev tmpfs 1,2G 900K 1,2G 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 3,0G 1,3M 3,0G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda3 455G 123G 333G 27% /host /dev/sdb1 1,9G 820M 1,1G 43% /media/PHONE CARD mkfs output (polish, sorry) mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Etykieta systemu plików= Typ OS: Linux Rozmiar bloku=1024 (log=0) Rozmiar fragmentu=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 bloków, szerokosc Stripe=0 bloków 25688 i-wezlów, 102400 bloków 5120 bloków (5.00%) zarezerwowanych dla superuzytkownika Pierwszy blok danych=1 Maksymalna liczba bloków systemu plików=67371008 13 grup bloków 8192 bloków w grupie, 8192 fragmentów w grupie 1976 i-wezlów w grupie Kopie zapasowe superbloku zapisane w blokach: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Zapis tablicy i-wezlów: zakonczono Tworzenie kroniki (4096 bloków): wykonano Zapis superbloków i podsumowania systemu plików: wykonano Ten system plików bedzie automatycznie sprawdzany co kazde 30 montowan lub co 180 dni, zaleznie co nastapi pierwsze. Mozna to zmienic poprzez tune2fs -c lub -i.

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  • File system concepts (df command)

    - by mkab
    I'm finding it difficult to understand some stuffs about the df command. Suppose I type df and I have the following output Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/da0s1 some number some number number percentage /win /dev/da0s2 some number some number number percentage /win/home /dev/da0s3a some number some number number percentage / devfs some number some number number percentage /dev /dev/da0s3g some number some number number percentage /local /dev/da0s3h some number some number -number 102% /reste /dev/da0s3d some number some number number percentage /tmp /dev/da1s3f some number some number number percentage /usr /dev/da1s3e some number some number number percentage /var /dev/da1s1a some number some number number percentage /public Are the answers to the following questions correct? How many physical drives do I have? Ans: 2. da0s1 and da1s1 How many physical partitions on each disk? Ans: 8 for da0s1 and 1 for da1s1 How many BSD partition on each physical partition Ans: Impossible to determine. We have to use the -T to determine its type How is it possible for the file system /dev/da0s3h filled at 102%? And where is this overflowed data written?Ans: I have no idea for this one Thanks.

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  • (Open Source) Cloud-Filesystem to run a Database on Top?

    - by jens
    Hello, what are current "technologies and implementations" to get a filesystem with unlimited capacity by using single servers with their harddisk to form a "grid/cloud filesystem"? I need to have unlimited space (by adding further servers) but it must be a filesysem that is capable of running a database on top. I know of Apache Hadoop but that seems not be be Ideal for running a DB on top of it (or am I wrong??) And iSCSI seems to be "remote/networked" but I do not know how and if this is clusterable? thank you very much!! jens

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  • (Open Source) Cloud-Filesystem to run a Database on Top?

    - by jens
    Hello, what are current "technologies and implementations" to get a filesystem with unlimited capacity by using single servers with their harddisk to form a "grid/cloud filesystem"? I need to have unlimited space (by adding further servers) but it must be a filesysem that is capable of running a database on top. I know of Apache Hadoop but that seems not be be Ideal for running a DB on top of it (or am I wrong??) And iSCSI seems to be "remote/networked" but I do not know how and if this is clusterable? thank you very much!! jens

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  • What would cause an .exe to vanish without a trace?

    - by Peter pete
    I have a few computers. One computer, at home, one day suddenly had its pgbouncer.exe vanish. The antivirus didn't have it in its virus chest [avast]. I couldn't find the bgbouncer anywhere. All the other pgbouncer files remained where they used to be, except the exe had vanished. I hadn't uninstalled it, nor had anyone else used the machine. I hadn't installed any new software since the previous time I had used it either. Just now, however, my TV computer was running out of disk space, which was weird because I had python setup to do transcoding and archiving. I logged in and voila! python.exe had vanished !! Once again, Avast.exe didn't have it in its virus chest, and dunno! I do this time, with the TV computer, know exactly the date that python vanished. Sat the 18th my python scripts ran fine. Sat the 19th python was gone. I'm going to do some hunting in the event log to see what happened that day. But if anyone has experienced vanishings before and has a clue what happened, I would like to know. FYI: Both computers (bgbouncer vanish and python vanish) were running Win7 with the RDP hack and both on SSDs and both with Avast. Both computers had all windows updates set to manual(to prevent random stuff changing!) and neither had recently had any windows updates manually applied. FYI2: Tv computer had since the beginning of October dropbox running all the time trying to download two files. Sadly, a temporary download of each of these two files by dropbox resulted in Avast freaking out and virus-chesting them, and then dropbox downloading them partially again, before being dropboxed. Now, these two files were binaries from a program I had personally written and were clean on other machines. Since the python vanishing I have deleted these two binaries from dropbox (using the website) and dropbox exe on the tv computer is now at peace. I don't think this should cause python.exe to vanish though :/ New edit: On the 18/10/2013, at 0742 my python script ended with an error: "file still in use" which was unexpected but I shrugged it off since sometimes media portal doesn't release the recording. But on second thoughts is weird since the show in use would have been finished recording the day before. On the 18/10/2013 at 0807 the windows event log complains that several drivers required for CutePDF, send to onenote 2010, send to onenote 2013, microsoft xps document writer aren't installed. I just checked now and indeed those printers have vanished! New update! I found my python.exe that had been removed. It was still in the C:\Python33\ directory except it had been renamed to a random string charater.tmp (ie, it was made into a temp file) with a creation date of 19/10/2013 at 0600:02 am. Now, the computer normally wakes at 6am to do transcoding. What could have moved my python file into a tmp file?

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  • Driver for writing to UDF partitions from Windows XP?

    - by davr
    I'm considering using an UDF partition to share data between Windows XP, 7, and Linux. It's more efficient than FAT32, and avoids the 4GB max file size limit. I've found it will also work with Mac OS X, more details in this questions. However, in Windows XP, it is read-only. I'd like to write to it too. Are there any drivers that will allow this? I've found a few that support writing UDF...but they are designed for writing to CDs or DVDs, not specifically for HDDs or USB Flash drives: DLA, InCD, Drag-To-Disc. Will any of those 3 drivers work for HDDs/USB Flash drives? Or is there another driver that will do what I want? Thanks.

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