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• How to get a maximum file size of VZFS parition?

  - by Nulldevice

  I have a VPS hosting with a VZFS file system. How can I determine maximum file size of VZFS partition? UPD: Free space (or total space) is not what i need. Sometimes file cannot occupy a hole partition volume - fat16 with 2Gb limit is a good example. I need to use a large database file (say, 64Gb) and so I need to know if a file system of VPS hosting will cope with it. It is easy to calculate for an ext3 filesystem using tune2fs, but VPS uses VSFS by Virtuozzo, and it is documented bad. Is it any generic way to calculate maximum file size for some filesystem in linux?

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• GlusterFS as elastic file storage?

  - by Christopher Vanderlinden

  Is there any way to run GlusterFS in a replicated mode, but with the ability to dynamically scale the volume up and down? Say you have 3 servers all running glusterd. your Gluster volume would have to be setup with replica 3 gluster volume create test-volume replica 3 192.168.0.150:/test-volume 192.168.0.151:/test-volume 192.168.0.152:/test-volume You would then mount it as say \mnt\gfs_test What happens when I want to add 2 more servers to the storage pool and then also use them in this volume? Is there any easy way to expand the volume AND increase that replica count to 5? My end goal is to run this on EC2 instances, say 3 Apache front ends, with the webroot setup on the gluster volume mount. My concern is that if I ever need to spin up a server, I would want the server to not only be an additional Apache front end, but also another server in the gluster file system, adding to fault tolerance as well as possibly giving a slight boost in read speed. Maybe there are better options that would fit the bill here? Thanks.

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• Best filesystem for an external drive? ExFAT?

  - by GiH

  What is the best filesystem for use with multiple OS's? I saw this question but its old and doesn't take into account ExFAT. Here is what I know from my findings: NTFS - Can't write from Mac FAT32 - Doesn't support files larger than 4GB HFS - Only mac ExFAT - ??? I don't know much about this but it seems like it got rid of the 4GB limit of FAT32 and can be read on Windows, Mac, and Linux. Is ExFAT the best bet? I tried formatting the drive in ExFAT just now, but on Windows XP SP3 it was showing up as not formatted... It seems to me like FAT32 is still the best, but I wanted to see what other people had to say.

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• df shows negative values for used

  - by GriffinHeart

  Hey everyone, first question around here. I have a centos 5.2 server and running df -h i get this: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 672G -551M 638G 0% / /dev/hda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm that space wasn't even near 10% usage the last time it showed a correct value, i'm at a loss with whats going on. Thanks.

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• Why can't I mount an image hosted on a read-only HFS+ partition via Boot Camp?

  - by deceze

  I have come across the following phenomenon and would like to know how leaky Windows' file system abstraction is or if there's something else involved. I partitioned the hard disk of my MacBook Pro and installed Windows 7 (64 bit). The Boot Camp driver package includes file system drivers that enable Windows to access the Mac OS HFS+ partition. It's read-only access, but it works. Now, I have some disk images of stuff I usually install, so I grabbed a copy of Daemon Tools to mount them. When I mount an image saved on the HFS+ partition, about two out of three installers on these disks (usually InstallShield) crash with all sorts of weird errors. Most are just gibberish that lead to all sorts of non-solutions on Google, one was "This application is not the right type for your computer, check if you need 32 or 64 bit versions." When moving the image files to another Windows 7 computer on the network and mounting them from the network share, they work fine. My question now is, why do applications behave differently depending on whether the read-only image file, which should be abstracted away through the read-only virtual Daemon Tools drive, is located on a read-only HFS+ partition or on a Windows network share? And I'll just roll this into the question as well since I was wondering: Does the file system of a network share matter? Does the client system need to understand the file system of the share host or is that abstracted away in SMB?

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• Splunk is fantastically expensive: What are the alternatives?

  - by samsmith

  This has been discussed, but it has been several months, so it may be time to revisit it: Earlier discussion RE Splunk alternatives For the record, Splunk rocks. But the pricing is simply beyond what we can consider (When I spoke with Splunk today, the cost for a system to index 5gb/day of data is over $30,000.) That is more than we spend on SQL Server (by a large multiple), more than we spend on a rack of servers (by a multiple), etc. etc. The splunk sales team is correct (that for $30K we get more value and functionality than if we spend the same building our own system), but it doesn't matter. The splunk cost is simply too high (by a multiple). Soooooo, we are looking around! Is anyone out there building a splunk like system? Our basic need: Able to listen for syslog messages on multiple udp ports Able to index the incoming data in an async way Some kind of search engine Some kind of UI An API to the search engine (to embed in our console) We currently need to index 3-5gb/day, but need to be able to scale to 10gb/day or more. We do not need a lot of history (30 days is fine). We use Windows 2008 and 2003 servers. Thanks for your thoughts!

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• Can't create a file even if rights allow and I've relogged in

  - by stiv

  I try to create file in folder with group write access, user tomcat7 is in group. Why isn't it workin? skr@konrad~/data/asu$ sudo -u tomcat7 sh $ whoami tomcat7 $ echo > /home/skr/data/asu/g.gz.index sh: 2: cannot create /home/skr/data/asu/g.gz.index: Permission denied $ ls -la /home/skr/data/asu/ total 18708 drwxrwxr-x 2 skr skr 4096 Sep 29 08:38 . drwxrwxr-x 85 skr skr 4096 Jul 30 00:42 .. $ grep ^skr /etc/group skr:x:1002:tomcat7:mail Tried to logout, but it doesn't help. Any ideas?

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• Why do disk images hosted on a read-only HFS+ partition behave differently?

  - by deceze

  I have come across the following phenomenon and would like to know how leaky Windows' file system abstraction is or if there's something else involved. I partitioned the hard disk of my MacBook Pro and installed Windows 7 (64 bit). The Boot Camp driver package includes file system drivers that enable Windows to access the Mac OS HFS+ partition. It's read-only access, but it works. Now, I have some disk images of stuff I usually install, so I grabbed a copy of Daemon Tools to mount them. When I mount an image saved on the HFS+ partition, about two out of three installers on these disks (usually InstallShield) crash with all sorts of weird errors. Most are just gibberish that lead to all sorts of non-solutions on Google, one was "This application is not the right type for your computer, check if you need 32 or 64 bit versions." When moving the image files to another Windows 7 computer on the network and mounting them from the network share, they work fine. My question now is, why do applications behave differently depending on whether the read-only image file, which should be abstracted away through the read-only virtual Daemon Tools drive, is located on a read-only HFS+ partition or on a Windows network share? And I'll just roll this into the question as well since I was wondering: Does the file system of a network share matter? Does the client system need to understand the file system of the share host or is that abstracted away in SMB?

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• Best way to compare (diff) a full directory structure?

  - by Adam Matan

  Hi, What's the best way to compare directory structures? I have a backup utility which uses rsync. I want to tell the exact differences (in terms of file sizes and last-changed dates) between the source and the backup. Something like: Local file Remote file Compare /home/udi/1.txt (date)(size) /home/udi/1.txt (date)(size) EQUAL /home/udi/2.txt (date)(size) /home/udi/2.txt (date)(size) DIFFERENT Of course, the tool can be ready-made or an idea for a python script. Many thanks! Udi

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• e2fsck extremely slow, although enough memory exists

  - by kaefert

  I've got this external USB-Disk: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ lsusb -s 2:3 Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bc2:3320 Seagate RSS LLC As can be seen in this dmesg output, there is some problem that prevents that disk from beeing mounted: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ dmesg ... [ 113.084079] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd [ 113.217783] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bc2, idProduct=3320 [ 113.217787] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1 [ 113.217790] usb 2-1: Product: Expansion Desk [ 113.217792] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Seagate [ 113.217794] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: NA4J4N6K [ 113.435404] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas [ 113.455315] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [ 113.468051] scsi5 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 [ 113.468180] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 113.468182] USB Mass Storage support registered. [ 114.473105] scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access Seagate Expansion Desk 070B PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 114.474342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.475089] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 114.475092] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 114.475959] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 114.477093] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.501649] sdb: sdb1 [ 114.502717] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.504354] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 116.804408] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 3976 failed (47397!=61519) [ 116.804413] EXT4-fs (sdb1): group descriptors corrupted! ... So I went and fired up my favorite partition manager - gparted, and told it to verify and repair the partition sdb1. This made gparted call e2fsck (version 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012)) e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Although gparted called e2fsck with the "-v" option, sadly it doesn't show me the output of my e2fsck process (bugreport https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=467925 ) I started this whole thing on Sunday (2012-11-04_2200) evening, so about 48 hours ago, this is what htop says about it now (2012-11-06-1900): PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 3704 root 39 19 1560M 1166M 768 R 98.0 19.5 42h56:43 e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Now I found a few posts on the internet that discuss e2fsck running slow, for example: http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=13613 where they write that its a good idea to see if the disk is just that slow because maybe its damaged, and I think these outputs tell me that this is not the case in my case: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 3562 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1783.29 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 82 MB in 3.01 seconds = 27.26 MB/sec kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 364801/255/63, sectors = 5860533160, start = 0 However, although I can read quickly from that disk, this disk speed doesn't seem to be used by e2fsck, considering tools like gkrellm or iotop or this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ iostat -x Linux 3.2.0-2-amd64 (blechmobil) 2012-11-06 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14,24 47,81 14,63 0,95 0,00 22,37 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0,59 8,29 2,42 5,14 43,17 160,17 53,75 0,30 39,80 8,72 54,42 3,95 2,99 sdb 137,54 5,48 9,23 0,20 587,07 22,73 129,35 0,07 7,70 7,51 16,18 2,17 2,04 Now I researched a little bit on how to find out what e2fsck is doing with all that processor time, and I found the tool strace, which gives me this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo strace -p3704 lseek(4, 41026998272, SEEK_SET) = 41026998272 write(4, "\212\354K[_\361\3nl\212\245\352\255jR\303\354\312Yv\334p\253r\217\265\3567\325\257\3766"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404766720, SEEK_SET) = 48404766720 read(4, "\7t\260\366\346\337\304\210\33\267j\35\377'\31f\372\252\ffU\317.y\211\360\36\240c\30`\34"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027002368, SEEK_SET) = 41027002368 write(4, "\232]7Ws\321\352\t\1@[+5\263\334\276{\343zZx\352\21\316`1\271[\202\350R`"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404770816, SEEK_SET) = 48404770816 read(4, "\17\362r\230\327\25\346//\210H\v\311\3237\323K\304\306\361a\223\311\324\272?\213\tq \370\24"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027006464, SEEK_SET) = 41027006464 write(4, "\367yy>x\216?=\324Z\305\351\376&\25\244\210\271\22\306}\276\237\370(\214\205G\262\360\257#"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404774912, SEEK_SET) = 48404774912 read(4, "\365\25\0\21|T\0\21}3t_\272\373\222k\r\177\303\1\201\261\221$\261B\232\3142\21U\316"..., 4096) = 4096 ^CProcess 3704 detached around 16 of these lines every second, so 4 read and 4 write operations every second, which I don't consider to be a lot.. And finally, my question: Will this process ever finish? If those numbers from fseek (48404774912) represent bytes, that would be something like 45 gigabytes, with this beeing a 3 terrabyte disk, which would give me 134 days to go, if the speed stays constant, and e2fsck scans the disk like this completly and only once. Do you have some advice for me? I have most of the data on that disk elsewhere, but I've put a lot of hours into sorting and merging it to this disk, so I would prefer to getting this disk up and running again, without formatting it anew. I don't think that the hardware is damaged since the disk is only a few months and since I can't see any I/O errors in the dmesg output. UPDATE: I just looked at the strace output again (2012-11-06_2300), now it looks like this: lseek(4, 1419860611072, SEEK_SET) = 1419860611072 read(4, "3#\f\2447\335\0\22A\355\374\276j\204'\207|\217V|\23\245[\7VP\251\242\276\207\317:"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018145792, SEEK_SET) = 43018145792 write(4, "]\206\231\342Y\204-2I\362\242\344\6R\205\361\324\177\265\317C\334V\324\260\334\275t=\10F."..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860615168, SEEK_SET) = 1419860615168 read(4, "\262\305\314Y\367\37x\326\245\226\226\320N\333$s\34\204\311\222\7\315\236\336\300TK\337\264\236\211n"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018149888, SEEK_SET) = 43018149888 write(4, "\271\224m\311\224\25!I\376\16;\377\0\223H\25Yd\201Y\342\r\203\271\24eG<\202{\373V"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860619264, SEEK_SET) = 1419860619264 read(4, ";d\360\177\n\346\253\210\222|\250\352T\335M\33\260\320\261\7g\222P\344H?t\240\20\2548\310"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018153984, SEEK_SET) = 43018153984 write(4, "\360\252j\317\310\251G\227\335{\214`\341\267\31Y\202\360\v\374\307oq\3063\217Z\223\313\36D\211"..., 4096) = 4096 So the numbers in the lseek lines before the reads, like 1419860619264 are already a lot bigger, standing for 1.29 terabytes if those numbers are bytes, so it doesn't seem to be a linear progress on a big scale, maybe there are only some areas that need work, that have big gaps in between them. UPDATE2: Okey, big disappointment, the numbers are back to very small again (2012-11-07_0720) lseek(4, 52174548992, SEEK_SET) = 52174548992 read(4, "\374\312\22\\\325\215\213\23\0357U\222\246\370v^f(\312|f\212\362\343\375\373\342\4\204mU6"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 46603526144, SEEK_SET) = 46603526144 write(4, "\370\261\223\227\23?\4\4\217\264\320_Am\246CQ\313^\203U\253\274\204\277\2564n\227\177\267\343"..., 4096) = 4096 so either e2fsck goes over the data multiple times, or it just hops back and forth multiple times. Or my assumption that those numbers are bytes is wrong. UPDATE3: Since it's mentioned here http://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?t=282125&page=2 that you can testisk while e2fsck is running, i tried that, though not with a lot of success. When asking testdisk to display the data of my partition, this is what I get: TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org 1 P Linux 0 4 5 45600 40 8 732566272 Can't open filesystem. Filesystem seems damaged. And this is what strace currently gives me (2012-11-07_1030) lseek(4, 212460343296, SEEK_SET) = 212460343296 read(4, "\315Mb\265v\377Gn \24\f\205EHh\2349~\330\273\203\3375\206\10\r3=W\210\372\352"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 47347830784, SEEK_SET) = 47347830784 write(4, "]\204\223\300I\357\4\26\33+\243\312G\230\250\371*m2U\t_\215\265J \252\342Pm\360D"..., 4096) = 4096 (times are in CET)

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• Is there an encrypted write-only file system for Linux?

  - by Grumbel

  I am searching for an encrypted filesystem for Linux that can be mounted in a write-only mode, by that I mean you should be able to mount it without supplying a password, yet still be able to write/append files, but neither should you be able to read the files you have written nor read the files already on the filesystem. Access to the files should only be given when the filesystem is mounted via the password. The purpose of this is to write log files or similar data that is only written, but never modified, without having the files themselves be exposed. File permissions don't help here as I want the data to be inaccessible even when the system is fully compromised. Does such a thing exist on Linux? Or if not, what would be the best alternative to create encrypted log files? My current workaround consists of simply piping the data through gpg --encrypt, which works, but is very cumbersome, as you can't easily get access to the filesystem as a whole, you have to pipe each file through gpg --decrypt manually.

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• Access denied on file system for System Administrator

  - by NLV

  Hello Yesterday I got win32.Saltiy virus and did some damage before my Kaspersky suite caught it. Now I've cleaned all the viruses using Kaspersky but I believe the changes it did to the registry/policies are still there. I'm not able to have write access on the entire file system. It is showing up the access denied the error. I'm in the local system administrators group. I've tried removing and re-adding it (with a reboot). But still no luck. Any ideas on how can I fix this?

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• Linux: don't use file system cache under a directory

  - by GetFree

  For a PHP website I'm monitoring, I need to see what files are being used each time the browser makes a request. I thought of using find . -type f -amin 1. With that I get all files which were read in the last minute (it's a developing server so only I am using the website). I took care of removing the noatime attribute from the mounting point. However there must be something else that's preventing the kernel from reading the actual files on disk because the access time is not being updated when I read a file. I guess it must be the file-system cache which is retrieving the files from memory. Is there a way to disable file caching under a specific directory? (public_html in my case) Also I read somewhere that there is the nobh mounting atributes which apparently disables file caching under that mounting point, but I'm not sure.

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• How is the filesystem of Wikipedia designed?

  - by Heo

  I read about FHS, and I started to consider the file system of wikipedia. On the one hand, I feel it is a security risk to let everyone know it. On the other hand, it is necessary for developers. For example, is there some rule to know where are all sitemaps and their indices located? So: How is the file system of Wikipedia designed?

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• Looking for a file-system overlay using LD_PRELOAD

  - by ki.lya.online.fr

  Hi, I'm looking for a shared library that is to be loaded using LD_PRELOAD that would modify the view of the filesystem to the client program. Ideally, I'd like to choose the filesystem root (or use / as root) and to overlay the filesystem by renaming filenames. For example, I might want to tell my program to look for /usr/lib/* in /usr/lib32/* instead. Do you know of such a program ? Thanks.

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• Why can't I copy a 7 GB file to an external USB HD with 120 GB free?

  - by Johann Gerell

  Yes, why can't I? I was stashing away some old photography backup zips last night. I could copy 4 of my 1 GB backup zips to my external USB connected hard-drive when I got the error message "Cannot copy file. Not enough free space." (sort of) for a zip of roughly 7 GB. But there are 120 GB free. Why is this? EDIT: Clarification - the files that I could copy was smaller than 4 GB. The failing one was 7 GB. The cause seems to be the FAT32 4 GB limit.

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• Transparently cache files from a network drive in Linux

  - by Vadim

  We have a Linux server that reads files from a network drive and processes them. In a common scenario, a user will log in and access the same files over and over again. The size of the files varies but the larger ones can be around 50+ Mb. The files seldom change. I was wondering if it's somehow possible to transparently cache the files. I don't want (or can) change the program the reads the files, nor do I control the protocol by which the files are accessed. I just want something to detect that I access a certain path, copy the file locally (if needed) and then read the file from the local drive. I've read about Bcache but can't figure out if it's what I need. Do you have any suggestions? Thanks, Vadim.

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• Folder default ACLs not inherited when new file is created

  - by Flavien

  I'm a bit of a beginner with Unix systems, but I'm running Cygwin on my Windows Server, and I am trying to figure out something related to extended ACLs. I have a directory to which I set the following ACLs: Administrator@MyServer ~ $ setfacl -m d:u:Someuser:r-- somedir Administrator@MyServer ~ $ getfacl somedir/ # file: somedir/ # owner: Administrator # group: None user::rwx group::r-x mask:rwx other:r-x default:user::rwx default:user:Someuser:r-- default:group::r-x default:mask:rwx default:other:r-x As you can see mose of the default ACLs have the x bit. Then when I create a fine in it, it doesn't inherit the ACLs it is supposed to: Administrator@MyServer ~ $ touch somedir/somefile Administrator@MyServer ~ $ getfacl somedir/somefile # file: somedir/somefile # owner: Administrator # group: None user::rw- user:Someuser:r-- group::r-- mask:rwx other:r-- It's basically missing the x bit everywhere. Any idea why?

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• User reduced LVM logical volume without resizing filesystem

  - by Matthew

  I received an email yesterday that one of our users was trying to make room for a heartbeat/clustering package which requires its own partition to act as a voting disk. To do this, he attempted to reduce the size of the root partition's logical volume, and then create a new logical volume for this purpose. However, he forgot to resize the filesystem first (or include the -r switch in the command). He also forgot to unmount the root partition by running this process from a rescue cd. The system is now refusing to boot into the OS with the following error: Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt! Unexpected Inconsistency; run fsck manually. The system them drops the user into single user mode. Is it possible to rescue the filesystem, or is it hosed? Its running ext3.

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• lwp-rget changes file format automatically to .bin?

  - by Hector Tosado Jimenez

  Im trying to recursively get an html page to get everything that's there and save it to my directory. Lwp-rget from perl allows me to do this but I'm having the problem that its getting all the files and changing them from .rpm, .xml, .html, etc to .bin. I've been trying to maybe use the --keepext=application/xml or any type but it continues to save the file as .bin. Any way I can stop that auto formatting? Thanks.

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• How can I recover an ext4 filesystem corrupted after a fsck?

  - by Regan

  I have an ext4 filesystem on luks over software raid5. The filesystem was operating "just fine" for several years when I was beginning to run out of space. I had a 9T volume on 6x2T drives. I began upgrading to 3T drives by doing the mdadm fail, remove, add, rebuild, repeat process until I had a larger array. I then grew the luks container, and then when I unmounted and tried to resize2fs I was given the message the filesystem was dirty and needed e2fsck. Without thinking I just did e2fsck -y /dev/mapper/candybox and it began spewing all kinds of inode being removed type messages (can't remember exactly) I killed e2fsck and tried to remount the filesystem to backup data I was concerned about. When trying to mount at this point I get: # mount /dev/mapper/candybox /candybox mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/candybox, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Looking back at my older logs I noticed the filesystem was giving this error each time the machine booted: kernel: [79137.275531] EXT4-fs (dm-2): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended So shame on me for not paying attention :( I then tried to mount using every backup superblock (one after another) and each attempt left this in my log: EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (26534!=65440) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 1 failed (38021!=36729) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 2 failed (18336!=39845) ... EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 11911 failed (28743!=44098) BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [mount:2939] Attempts to restart e2fsck results in: # e2fsck /dev/mapper/candybox e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... candy: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on candy At this point, I decided it best to order some more drives and make an image using ddrescue Now two weeks later I have an image of the luks partition in a .img file. # ls -lh total 14T -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14T Oct 25 01:57 candybox.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 20 14:32 candybox.logfile After numerous attempts using everything I could find online I could not coerce e2fsck to do anything on the image, so I used mkfs.ext4 -L candy candybox.img -m 0 -S and I was able to mount the dirty filesystem readonly without the journal and recover 960G of data. It gave all kinds of errors of various directories not existing and so forth but I was able to get some stuff. Which gave me some hope! I then ran e2fsck again and it had to recreate the root inode and gave a massive list of correcting group counts, I accepted the root inode creation and said no to everything else, leaving a completely empty filesystem. Re-ran again and said yes to all questions with the same result but now a "clean" but empty filesystem. extundelete gives me 0 recoverable inodes found. And now I'm stuck again, I can't come up with any other methods other than dropping to something like photorec which will give me an absolute mess with how large the filesystem was. I'm willing to re-copy the image from the original array and start over, if I can get any suggestions or ideas on a way to get more of my files back. I wish I could give more detailed logs of the commands that have run, but the output is long scrolled passed except for what gets logged to syslog and my memory is not as detailed due to the timeframe this has occurred over. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• fsck: FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED after each check with -c, why?

  - by Chris

  I use a script to partition and format CF cards (connected with a USB card writer) in an automated way. After the main process I check the card again with fsck. To check bad blocks I also tried the '-c' switch, but I always get a return value != 0 and the message "FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED" (see below). I get the same result when checking the very same drive several times... Does anyone know why a) the file system is modified at all and b) why this seems to happen every time I check and not only in case of an error (like bad blocks)? Here's the output: linux-box# fsck.ext3 -c /dev/sdx1 e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007) Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information Volume (/dev/sdx1): ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** Volume (/dev/sdx1): 5132/245760 files (1.2% non-contiguous), 178910/1959896 blocks

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• Improving performance by using an additional static file server

  - by Max

  Hello there, I´m planning for a large website that includes many static assets (js, css, images and thumbnails) in the generated pages. That website will use TYPO3 as CMS (is is a customer requirement). I guess I could seriously improve performance / page load times by using a two server setup. One server where the main application (PHP) runs and another one where the static files sit being served by a trimmed down version of apache or something like lighthttpd. Including e. g. js or css files from the file server is of course no big deal. Just use an absolute url http://static.example.com/js/main.js and be done with it. But: that website will have pages with MANY thumbnails of e. g. product images on it. So I see two problems when the main application tries to create a thumbnail of some image: the original image like products/some.jpg is uploaded on the static file server and therefore not on the same server as the PHP application which tries to create the thumbnail. TYPO3 writes created thumbnails to a temp directory which is expected to be on the same server. Therefore, hundreds of thumbnails will be written and served from that temp directory which is on the same server as the main application - the static file server is in that case basically useless, all thumbnails will be requested from the server of the main application. So, my question is: how to overcome this shortcomings? Is it possible to "symlink" some directories to another server? So, for example, if PHP tries to open the original products image for thumbnail creation with imagecreate("products/some.jpg") the products folder actually "points" to the products folder on the static image server? I know something like this can be done with .htaccess but is it possible on file system level?

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• SQL Server plus small files

  - by user1467163

  I have a MSSQL server, 3 volumes, that runs some processes that seem to take way too long. One of these processes reads in a zip file, then writes to a database based on what's in the zip file.... for each record. I have 2 volumes in use and am creating the third- so I am trying to plan how to do this. OS has to remain on vol. 1. The TLogs should probably go on the new volume and the mdf's on the existing vol.2.. Do I put the file store on the volume with the MDF's so they don't interfere with the TLog writes, or with the TLogs so they don't interfere with the TLog flush to the MDFs? I know it's best to have more servers / volumes but I have to make do with whats on hand for now. I appreciate any suggestions.

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• Windows 7 Sub-Folders hidden in "Program Files" directory

  - by ron tornambe

  I have Google searched for an hour now and I am confounded. I am using InnoSetup to install a .NET Winforms application that creates directories and folders on the fly. (I have set the folder options to display hidden files, folders...) Although the files that are added to "created" folders appear within the application, they do not show when using Windows Explorer or even when issuing a Dir from a command prompt. I have also modified the application to display (and delete) the contents of these (seemingly imaginary) folders, so I am sure they exist. What am I missing?

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