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• Octree implementation for fustrum culling

  - by Manvis

  I'm learning modern (=3.1) OpenGL by coding a 3D turn based strategy game, using C++. The maps are composed of 100x90 3D hexagon tiles that range from 50 to 600 tris (20 different types) + any player units on those tiles. My current rendering technique involves sorting meshes by shaders they use (minimizing state changes) and then calling glDrawElementsInstanced() for drawing. Still get solid 16.6 ms/frame on my GTX 560Ti machine but the game struggles (45.45 ms/frame) on an old 8600GT card. I'm certain that using an octree and fustrum culling will help me here, but I have a few questions before I start implementing it: Is it OK for an octree node to have multiple meshes in it (e.g. can a soldier and the hex tile he's standing on end up in the same octree node)? How is one supposed to treat changes in object postion (e.g. several units are moving 3 hexes down)? I can't seem to find good a explanation on how to do it. As I've noticed, soting meshes by shaders is a really good way to save GPU. If I put node contents into, let's say, std::list and sort it before rendering, do you think I would gain any performance, or would it just create overhead on CPU's end? I know that this sounds like early optimization and implementing + testing would be the best way to find out, but perhaps someone knows from experience?

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• Correct level of abstraction for a 3d rendering component?

  - by JohnB

  I've seen lots of questions around this area but not this exact question so apologies if this is a duplicate. I'm making a small 3d game. Well to be honest, it's just a little hobby project and likely won't turn out to be an actual game, I'll be happy to make a nice graphics demo and learn about 3d rendering and c++ design. My intent is to use direct3d9 for rendering as I have some little experience of it, and it seems to meet my requirements. However if I've learned one thing as a programmer it's to ask "is there any conceivable reason that this component might be replaced by a different implmentation" and if the answer is yes then I need to design a proper abstraction and interface to that component. So even though I intend to implment d3d9 I need to design a 3d interface that could be implemented for d3d11, opengl... My question then is what level is it best to do this at? I'm thinking that an interface capable of creating and later drawing Vertex buffers and index buffers Textures Vertex and Pixel "shaders" Some representation of drawing state (blending modes etc...) In other words a fairly low level interface where my code to draw for example an animated model would use the interface to obtain abstract vertex buffers etc. I worry though that it's too low level to abstract out all the functionallity I need efficiently. The alternative is to do this at a higher level where the interface can draw objects, animations, landscapes etc, and implement them for each system. This seems like more work, but it more flexible I guess. So that's my question really, when abstracting out the drawing system, what level of interface works best?

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• 2D graphics - why use spritesheets?

  - by Columbo

  I have seen many examples of how to render sprites from a spritesheet but I havent grasped why it is the most common way of dealing with sprites in 2d games. I have started out with 2d sprite rendering in the few demo applications I've made by dealing with each animation frame for any given sprite type as its own texture - and this collection of textures is stored in a dictionary. This seems to work for me, and suits my workflow pretty well, as I tend to make my animations as gif/mng files and then extract the frames to individual pngs. Is there a noticeable performance advantage to rendering from a single sheet rather than from individual textures? With modern hardware that is capable of drawing millions of polygons to the screen a hundred times a second, does it even matter for my 2d games which just deal with a few dozen 50x100px rectangles? The implementation details of loading a texture into graphics memory and displaying it in XNA seems pretty abstracted. All I know is that textures are bound to the graphics device when they are loaded, then during the game loop, the textures get rendered in batches. So it's not clear to me whether my choice affects performance. I suspect that there are some very good reasons most 2d game developers seem to be using them, I just don't understand why.

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• Project collision shapes to plane for 2.5D collision detection

  - by Jkh2

  I am working on a top down 2.5D game. In the game anything that overlaps on the screen should be 'colliding' with each other regardless of whether they are on the same plane in the 3D world. This is illustrated below from a side-ways view: The orange and green circles are spheres floating in the 3D world. They are projected onto a plane parallel to the viewport plane (y = 0 in the image) and if they overlap there is a collision event between them. These spheres are attached to other meshes to represent the sphere bounding boxes for collisions. The way I plan to implement this at the moment is the following: Get the 3D world position at the center of the sphere. Use Camera.WorldToViewportPoint to project the point to the viewport plane. Move a Sphere Collider with the radius of the sphere to that point. Test for collisions using unity colliders. My question is how to extend this to work for rotated cuboids. For instance if I have two rotated cuboids, if I follow the logic above it would not work as intended as the cuboids may not collide but they could still be intersected on the view plane. An example is below: Is there a way to project a cuboid that would be aligned with the plane? Would it be a valid cuboid for all rotations if I did this?

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• How does a segment based rendering engine work?

  - by Calmarius

  As far as I know Descent was one of the first games that featured a fully 3D environment, and it used a segment based rendering engine. Its levels are built from cubic segments (these cubes may be deformed as long as it remains convex and sides remain roughly flat). These cubes are connected by their sides. The connected sides are traversable (maybe doors or grids can be placed on these sides), while the unconnected sides are not traversable walls. So the game is played inside of this complex. Descent was software rendered and it had to be very fast, to be playable on those 10-100MHz processors of that age. Some latter levels of the game are huge and contain thousands of segments, but these levels are still rendered reasonably fast. So I think they tried to minimize the amount of cubes rendered somehow. How to choose which cubes to render for a given location? As far as I know they used a kind of portal rendering, but I couldn't find what was the technique used in this particular kind of engine. I think the fact that the levels are built from convex quadrilateral hexahedrons can be exploited.

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• XNA C# Platformer - physics engine or tile based?

  - by Hugh

  I would like to get some opinions on whether i should develop my game using a physics engine (farseer physics seems to be the best option) or follow the traditional tile-based method. Quick background: - its a college project, my first game, but have 4 years academic programming experience - Just want a basic platformer with a few levels, nothing fancy - want a shooting mechanic, run and gun, just like contra or metal slug for example - possibly some simple puzzles I have made a basic prototype with farseer, the level is hardcoded with collisions and not really tiled, more like big full-screen sized tiles, with collision bodies drawn manually along the ground and walls etc. My main problem is i want a simple retro feel to the jumping and physics but because its a physics simulation engine its going to be realistic, whereas typical in air controllable physics for platformers arent realistic. I have to make a box with wheel body fixture under it to have this effect and its glitchy and doesnt feel right. I chose to use a physics engine because i tried the tile method initially and found it very hard to understand, the engine took care of alot things to save me time, mainly being able to do slopes easily was nice and the freedom to draw collision bounds wherever i liked, rather then restricted to a grid, which gave me more freedom for art design also. In conclusion i don't know which method to pick, i want to use a method which will be the most straight forward way to implement and wont give me a headache later on, preferably a method which has an abundance of tutorials and resources so i dont get "stuck" doing something which has been done a million times before! Let me know i haven't provided enough information for you to help me! Thanks in advance, Hugh.

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• C#/XNA get hardware mouse position

  - by Sunder

  I'm using C# and trying to get hardware mouse position. First thing I tryed was simple XNA functionality that is simple to use Vector2 position = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); After that i do the drawing of mouse as well, and comparing to windows hardware mouse, this new mouse with xna provided coordinates is "slacking off". By that i mean, that it is behind by few frames. For example if game is runing at 600 fps, of curse it will be responsive, but at 60 fps software mouse delay is no longer acceptable. Therefore I tried using what I thought was a hardware mouse, [DllImport("user32.dll")] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] public static extern bool GetCursorPos(out POINT lpPoint); but the result was exactly the same. I also tried geting Windows form cursor, and that was a dead end as well - worked, but with the same delay. Messing around with xna functionality: GraphicsDeviceManager.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace = true/false Game.IsFixedTimeStep = true/fale did change the delay time for somewhat obvious reasons, but the bottom line is that regardless it still was behind default Windows mouse. I'v seen in some games, that they provide option for hardware acelerated mouse, and in others(I think) it is already by default. Can anyone give some lead on how to achieve that.

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• Issue porting Cocos2d-x to Android

  - by Anil

  I've written a basic game using Cocos2D-x on XCode. It works fine on the iPhone. Now I'm trying to port it to Android. When I run the script ./build_native.sh inside the proj.android folder, it gives me the following error: jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp: In member function 'void MemoryModeLayer::startNewGame()': jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:109:25: error: 'time' is not a member of 'std' jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:109:25: note: suggested alternative: /Users/abc/android-ndk-r9d/platforms/android-8/arch-arm/usr/include/time.h:40:17: note: 'time' jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:111:5: error: 'random_shuffle' is not a member of 'std' jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:112:5: error: 'random_shuffle' is not a member of 'std' make: *** [obj/local/armeabi/objs/cocos2dcpp_shared/__/__/Classes/MemoryModeLayer.o] Error 1 make: Leaving directory `/Users/abc/cocos2d-x-2.2.3/projects/Game/proj.android' In MemoryModeLayer.cpp I have the following: std::srand(unsigned(std::time(0))); std::random_shuffle(_xCod, _xCod + _numberOfRows); std::random_shuffle(_yCod, _yCod + _numberOfColumns); I've included the following headers as well: #include <string> #include <ctime> #include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> Also added using namespace std in the header file. Is there anything else that I should do?

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• Need help understanding XNA 4.0 BoundingBox vs BoundingSphere Intersection

  - by nerdherd

  I am new to both game programming and XNA, so I apologize if I'm missing a simple concept or something. I have created a simple 3D game with a player and a crate and I'm working on getting my collision detection working properly. Right now I am using a BoundingSphere for my player, and a BoundingBox for the crate. For some reason, XNA only detects a collision when my player's sphere touches the front face of the crate. I'm rendering all the BoundingSpheres and BoundingBoxes as wire frames so I can see what's going on, and everything visually appears to be correct, but I can't figure out this behavior. I have tried these checks: playerSphere.Intersects(crate.getBoundingBox()) playerSphere.Contains(crate.getBoundingBox(), ContainmentType.Intersects) playerSphere.Contains(crate.getBoundingBox()) != ContainmentType.Disjoint But they all seem to produce the same behavior (in other words, they are only true when I hit the front face of the crate). The interesting thing is that when I use a BoundingSphere for my crate the collision is detected as I would expect, but of course this makes the edges less accurate. Any thoughts or ideas? Have I missed something about how BoundingSpheres and BoundingBoxes compute their intersections? I'd be happy to post more code or screenshots to clarify if needed. Thanks!

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• Libgdx actor bounds are wrong

  - by Undume

  The Actor's boundaries are not centered at the ButtonText but I used the setBounds() method. The higher the Y position is, the less centered is the boundary. The weird thing is that i only created and added to the Stage one button but the screen shows two. When i click the top button, the bottom one is the one highlighted. How can i fix that? import com.badlogic.gdx.Game; import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx; import com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle; import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Stage; import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.Skin; import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.TextButton; public class MyGame extends Game { Stage stage; @Override public void create() { stage=new Stage(); FileHandle skinFile = new FileHandle("data/resources/uiskin/uiskin.json"); Skin skin = new Skin(skinFile); TextButton sas=new TextButton("dd",skin); sas.setBounds(0, 500, 100, 100); stage.addActor(sas); Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); } @Override public void dispose() { super.dispose(); } @Override public void render() { super.render(); stage.act(Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime()); stage.draw(); } @Override public void resize(int width, int height) { super.resize(width, height); } @Override public void pause() { super.pause(); } @Override public void resume() { super.resume(); } }

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• Tessellating to a curve?

  - by Avi

  I'm creating a game engine, and I'm trying to define a 3D model format I want to use. I haven't come across a format that quite does what I want. My game engine assumes a shader model 5+ environment. By the time I'm finished with it, that won't be a very unreasonable requirement. Because it assumes such a modern environment, I'm going to try and exploit tessellation. The most popular way, it seems, to procedurally increase geometry through tessellation is to tessellate to a height map. This works for a lot of things, but has limitations in that height maps still use up VRAM and also only have finite scalability. So I want to be able to use curves to define what a mesh should tessellate to. The thing is, I have no idea what definition of curves I should use, how I should store it, and how I should tessellate to it. Do I use NURBS curves? Bezier? Hermite? And once I figure that out, is there an algorithm to determine how the tessellation shader should produce and move vertices to match the curve as closely as possible? Is the infinite scalability and lower memory usage when compared to height maps worth the added computational complexity? I'm sorry I'm kind if ignorant as to these matters. I just don't know where to start.

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• How should I share variables between instances/classes?

  - by tesselode

  I'm making a game using LOVE, so everything is programmed in Lua. I've been experimenting with using classes and object orientation recently. I've found out that a nice system to use is having most of the game's code in different classes, and having a table of instances with all of the instances of any class in it. This way, I can go through every instance of every class and update and draw it by calling the same function. There is a problem, though. Let's say I have an instance of a player with variables for health and recharge time of a weapon. I also have a master instance which is responsible for drawing the HUD. How can I tell the master instance what the player's health is? Bad solutions: Assuming that the player instance will always have the same position in the table - that can be easily changed. Using global variables. Global variables are evil. Have the master instance outside of the instances table, and have the player set variables inside the master instance, which it then uses for HUD drawing. This is really bad because now I have to make a duplicate of every variable the master instance needs. What is the proper, standard way of sharing variables between instances? Do I need to change the way I keep track of instances?

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• Entity system and rendering types

  - by Papi75

  I would like to implement entity system in my game and I've got some question about entity system and rendering. Currently, my renderer got two types of elements: Current design Mesh : A default renderable with a Material, a Geometry and a Transformable Sprite : A type of mesh with some methods like "flip" and "setRect" methods and a rect member (With an imposed geometry, a quad) This objects inherit from "Spacial" class. Questions: How can I handle this two types in an entity system? I'm thinking about using "MeshComponent" and "SpriteComponent", but if I do that, an entity could have a Mesh and a Sprite at the same type, it's look stupid, right? I thought the idea to have a parent "rendering" component : "RenderableComponent" for "MeshComponent" and "SpriteComponent" but it will be difficult to handle "cast" in the game (ex: did I need to ask entity-getComponent or SpineComponent, …) Thanks a lot for reading me! My entity system work like that: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Entity* entity = world->createEntity(); MeshComponent* mesh = entity->addComponent<MeshComponent>(material); mesh->loadFromFile("monkey.obj"); PhysicComponent* physic = entity->addComponent<PhysicComponent>(); physic->setMass(5.4f); physic->setVelocity( 0.5f, 2.f ); --------------------------------------------------------------------------- class RenderingSystem { private: Scene scene; public: void onEntityAdded( Entity* entity ) { scene.addMesh( entity->getComponent<MeshComponent>() ); } } class PhysicSystem { private: World world; public: void onEntityAdded( Entity* entity ) { world.addBody( entity->getComponent<PhysicComponent>()->getBody() ); } void process( Entity* entity ) { PhysicComponent* physic = entity->getComponent<PhysicComponent>(); } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

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• Regarding sprite design and resolution for tablets and phones

  - by Dimitris P.

  I am about to start working on a game for android devices, in my spare time, to get familiar with android development. I'm more interested in using the best practices possible than getting a quick result, and that is why I need some guidance regarding graphics. I think the game is going to be fully sprite based. Everything is going to be in .bmp form, or something similar, and my question is: Should I design the sprites in a small resolution (ie for phone screens) and scale them up to fit into larger screens (tablet screens), should I do it vice-versa or should I consider a completely different approach? Would designing a different set of sprites for each of the most used resolution settings be worth it or are there simpler solutions to the problem with fewer drawbacks than the ones I mentioned above? (If I follow the first approach, for example, the larger the screen the worse the graphics will get, since every pixel of the original drawing will cover several pixels on the screen). Is there a standard approach for dealing with this kind of problems? If you need me to be more detailed or more clear about something I mentioned (or forgot to) please don't hesitate to ask. Also, excuse me for any inaccurate use of the English language. Thank you in advance for your input.

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• GetData() error creating framebuffer

  - by Lelezeus

  I'm currently porting a game written in C# with XNA library to Android with Monogame. I have a Texture2D and i'm trying to get an array of uint in this way: Texture2d textureDeform = game.Content.Load<Texture2D>("Texture/terrain"); uint[] pixelDeformData = new uint[textureDeform.Width * textureDeform.Height]; textureDeform.GetData(pixelDeformData, 0, textureDeform.Width * textureDeform.Height); I get the following exception: System.Exception: Error creating framebuffer: Zero at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Texture2D.GetTextureData (Int32 ThreadPriorityLevel) [0x00000] in :0 I found that the problem is in private byte[] GetTextureData(int ThreadPriorityLevel) creating the framebuffer: private byte[] GetTextureData(int ThreadPriorityLevel) { int framebufferId = -1; int renderBufferID = -1; GL.GenFramebuffers(1, ref framebufferId); // framebufferId is still -1 , why can't be created? GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); GL.BindFramebuffer(All.Framebuffer, framebufferId); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); //renderBufferIDs = new int[currentRenderTargets]; GL.GenRenderbuffers(1, ref renderBufferID); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); // attach the texture to FBO color attachment point GL.FramebufferTexture2D(All.Framebuffer, All.ColorAttachment0, All.Texture2D, this.glTexture, 0); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); // create a renderbuffer object to store depth info GL.BindRenderbuffer(All.Renderbuffer, renderBufferID); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); GL.RenderbufferStorage(All.Renderbuffer, All.DepthComponent24Oes, Width, Height); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); // attach the renderbuffer to depth attachment point GL.FramebufferRenderbuffer(All.Framebuffer, All.DepthAttachment, All.Renderbuffer, renderBufferID); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); All status = GL.CheckFramebufferStatus(All.Framebuffer); if (status != All.FramebufferComplete) throw new Exception("Error creating framebuffer: " + status); ... } The frameBufferId is still -1, seems that framebuffer could not be generated and I don't know why. Any help would be appreciated, thank you in advance.

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• How important do you find exception safety to be in your C++ code?

  - by Kai

  Every time I consider making my code strongly exception safe, I justify not doing it because it would be so time consuming. Consider this relatively simple snippet: Level::Entity* entity = new Level::Entity(); entity->id = GetNextId(); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Position(x, y)); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Movement()); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Render()); allEntities.push_back(entity); // std::vector entityById[entity->id] = entity; // std::map return entity; To implement a basic exception guarantee, I could use a scoped pointer on the new calls. This would prevent memory leaks if any of the calls were to throw an exception. However, let's say I want to implement a strong exception guarantee. At the least, I would need to implement a shared pointer for my containers (I'm not using Boost), a nothrow Entity::Swap for adding the components atomically, and some sort of idiom for atomically adding to both the Vector and Map. Not only would these be time consuming to implement, but they would be expensive since it involves a lot more copying than the exception unsafe solution. Ultimately, it feels to me like that time spent doing all of that wouldn't be justified just so that the a simple CreateEntity function is strongly exception safe. I probably just want the game to display an error and close at that point anyway. How far do you take this in your own game projects? Is it generally acceptable to write exception unsafe code for a program that can just crash when there is an exception?

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• 2D XNA C#: Texture2D Wrapping Issue

  - by Kieran

  Working in C#/XNA for a Windows game: I'm using Texture2D to draw sprites. All of my sprites are 16 x 32. The sprites move around the screen as you would expect, by changing the top X/Y position of them when they're being drawn by the spritebatch. Most of the time when I run the game, the sprites appear like this: and when moved, they move as I expect, as one element. Infrequently they appear like this: and when moved it's like there are two sprites with a gap in between them - it's hard to describe. It only seems to happen sometimes - is there something I'm missing? I'd really like to know why this is happening. [Edit:] Adding Draw code as requested: This is the main draw routine - it first draws the sprite to a RenderTarget then blows it up by a scale of 4: protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { // Draw to render target GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Texture2D imSprite = null; spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, null, SamplerState.PointWrap, null, null); ManSprite.Draw(spriteBatch); base.Draw(gameTime); spriteBatch.End(); // Draw render target to screen GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); imageFrame = (Texture2D)renderTarget; GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, null, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null); spriteBatch.Draw(imageFrame, new Vector2(0, 0), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(0, 0), IM_SCALE, SpriteEffects.None, 0); spriteBatch.End(); } This is the draw routine for the Sprite class: public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, new Vector2(PositionX, PositionY), null, Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, Scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.3f); }

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• Basic Connections Through Socket Server

  - by Walrus

  I'm designing a simple 2 player RTS with Stencyl, a program that uses blocks for coding. The current code updates lists whenever an actor moves (new X and Y), and I'd want the server to update the game state with each change to the list. However, to start off: I don't even know how to set up a socket server. Stencyl has taught me the basics of logic, but I've yet to learn any programming languages. I've downloaded a Smartfox 2X socket server that I'm intending to use. Right now I'm only looking to make baby steps; I want to do something to this effect: "When someone connects to the server, open insert file here". How can I do this? My intention is to have this file be the game client. Is this "open file when connected" method the best way to go about this? When answering: assume that I know nothing, because really, though I have done research (I know that UDPTCP for real time), implementation-wise I know nothing.

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• Performance issues with visibility detection and object transparency

  - by maul

  I'm working on a 3d game that has a view similar to classic isometric games (diablo, etc.). One of the things I'm trying to implement is the effect of turning walls transparent when the player walks behind them. By itself this is not a huge issue, but I'm having trouble determining which walls should be transparent exactly. I can't use a circle or square mask. There are a lot of cases where the wall piece at the same (relative) position has different visibility depending on the surrounding area. With the help of a friend I came up with this algorithm: Create a grid around the player that contains a lot of "visibility points" (my game is semi tile-based so I create one point for every tile on the grid) - the size of the square's side is close to the radius where I make objects transparent. I found 6x6 to be a good value, so that's 36 visibility points total. For every visibility point on the grid, check if that point is in the player's line of sight. For every visibility point that is in the LOS, cast a ray from the camera to that point and mark all objects the ray hits as transparent. This algorithm works - not perfectly, but only requires some tuning - however this is very slow. As you can see, it requries 36 ray casts minimum, but most of the time 60-70 depending on the position. That's simply too much for the CPU. Is there a better way to do this? I'm using Unity 3D but I'm not looking for an engine-specific solution.

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• How can I use iteration to lead targets?

  - by e100

  In my 2D game, I have stationary AI turrets firing constant speed bullets at moving targets. So far I have used a quadratic solver technique to calculate where the turret should aim in advance of the target, which works well (see Algorithm to shoot at a target in a 3d game, Predicting enemy position in order to have an object lead its target). But it occurs to me that an iterative technique might be more realistic (e.g. it should fire even when there is no exact solution), efficient and tunable - for example one could change the number of iterations to improve accuracy. I thought I could calculate the current range and thus an initial (inaccurate) bullet flight time to target, then work out where the target would actually be by that time, then recalculate a more accurate range, then recalculate flight time, etc etc. I think I am missing something obvious to do with the time term, but my aimpoint calculation does not currently converge after the significant initial correction in the first iteration: import math def aimpoint(iters, target_x, target_y, target_vel_x, target_vel_y, bullet_speed): aimpoint_x = target_x aimpoint_y = target_y range = math.sqrt(aimpoint_x**2 + aimpoint_y**2) time_to_target = range / bullet_speed time_delta = time_to_target n = 0 while n <= iters: print "iteration:", n, "target:", "(", aimpoint_x, aimpoint_y, ")", "time_delta:", time_delta aimpoint_x += target_vel_x * time_delta aimpoint_y += target_vel_y * time_delta range = math.sqrt(aimpoint_x**2 + aimpoint_y**2) new_time_to_target = range / bullet_speed time_delta = new_time_to_target - time_to_target n += 1 aimpoint(iters=5, target_x=0, target_y=100, target_vel_x=1, target_vel_y=0, bullet_speed=100)

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• Technique to have screen independent grid based puzzle with sprite animation

  - by Yan Cheng CHEOK

  Hello all, let's say I have a fixed size grid puzzle game (8 x 10). I will be using sprites animation, when the "pieces" in the puzzle is moving from one grid to another grid. I was wondering, what is the technique to have this game being implemented as screen resolution independent. Here is what I plan to do. 1) The data structure coordinate will be represented using double, with 1.0 as max value. // Puzzle grid of 8 x 10 Environment { double width = 0.8; double height = 1.0; } // Location of Sprite at coordinate (1, 1) Sprite { double posX = 0.1; double posY = 0.1; double width = 0.1; double height = 0.1; } // scale = PYSICAL_SCREEN_SIZE drawBitmap ( sprite_image, sprite_image_rect, new Rect(sprite.posX * Scale, sprite.posY * Scale, (sprite.posX + sprite.width) * Scale, (sprite.posY + sprite.Height) * Scale), paint ); 2) A large size sprite image will be used (128x128). As sprite image shall look fine if we scale from large size down to small size, but not vice versa. Besides the above mentioned technique, is there any other consideration I had missed out?

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• How do I make my rain effect look more like rain and less like snowfall?

  - by Nikhil Lamba

  I am making a game in that game I want a rain effect. I am little bit far from this right now. I am creating the rain effect like below: particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new ColorInitializer(1, 1, 1)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new AlphaInitializer(0)); particleSystem.setBlendFunction(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new VelocityInitializer(2, 2, 20, 10)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new RotationInitializer(0.0f, 30.0f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ScaleModifier(1.0f, 2.0f, 0, 150)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(0, 1, 0, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(1, 0, 1, 125)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ExpireModifier(50, 50)); scene.attachChild(particleSystem); But it looks like snowfall! What changes can I do for it to look more like rain? EDIT Here is a screenshot:

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• Alternatives to Component Based Architecture?

  - by Ben Lakey

  Usually when I develop a game I will use an architecture like what you see below. What other architectures are popular for simple game development? I'm concerned about having a narrow view of what exists out there for architectures beyond this. Is this an example of component-based architecture? Or is this something else? What would that look like? What alternatives exist? public abstract class ComponentBase { protected final Collection<ComponentBase> subComponents = new LinkedList<ComponentBase>(); private boolean enableInput; private boolean isVisible; protected ComponentBase(boolean enableInput, boolean isVisible) { this.enableInput = enableInput; this.isVisible = isVisible; } public void render(Graphics2D graphics) { for(ComponentBase gameComponent : this.subComponents) { if(gameComponent.isVisible()) { gameComponent.render(graphics); } } } public void input(InputData input) { for(ComponentBase gameComponent : this.subComponents) { if(gameComponent.inputIsEnabled()) { gameComponent.input(input); } } } ... getters/setters ... public void update(long elapsedTimeMillis) { for(ComponentBase gameComponent : this.subComponents) { gameComponent.update(elapsedTimeMillis); } } }

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• checking for collision detection

  - by bill

  I am trying to create a game where you have a player and you can move right,left, and jump. kind of like mario but its not a side scroller. also i want to use 2d array to make a tile map. my big problem is that i dont understand how to check for collision. i spend about 2 week thinking about this and i came up with 2 solution but they both have problems. let say my map is: 0 = sky 1 = player 2 = ground 00000 10002 22022 Solution 1: move the '1'(player) and update the map less say player wants to move right, then x+=grid[x+1][y] this make the collision easy bc you can just check if if(grid[x][y+1] == 2){ //player is standing on top of ground } problem with this when u hit right key player will move (x*Titlewidth) to right. and as you can see the animation wont look smooth. Solution 2: move player and dont update map player_x += 2 this will make the animation more smoother bc i am just moving 2 pixels. problem1: i cant update map bc if player some times will be middle of int(2d array). but thats ok sinces its not a side scroller so updating the map is not a big deal. problem2: only way to check for collision is to use java intersection method. but then player have to be atleast 1 or 2 pixel in ground in order to check for collision. and as you can see that wont look good too. plz note this is my first collision game in java. so plz try to explain alot otherwise i wont understand it.

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• Is HTML5/WebGL performance unreliable on low-end Android tablets and phones?

  - by Boris van Schooten

  I've developed a couple of WebGL games, and am trying them out on Android. I found that they run very slowly on my tablet, however. For example, a game with 10 sprites or so runs as 5fps. I tried Chrome and CocoonJS, but they are comparably slow. I also tried other games, and even games with only 5 or so moving sprites are this slow. This seems inconsistent with reports from others, such as this benchmark. Typically, when people talk about HTML5 game performance, they mention well-known and higher-end phones and tables. While my 7" tablet is cheap (I believe it's a relabeled Allwinner tablet, apparently with the Mali 400 GPU), I found it generally has a good gaming performance. All the games I tried run smoothly. I also developed an OpenGL ES 2 demo with 200 shaded 3D objects, and it ran at 50fps. My suspicion is that many low-end and white-label devices may have unacceptable HTML5/WebGL support, which means there may be a large section of gamers you will not reach when you choose this as your platform. I've heard rumors about inconsistent performance of HTML5 and WebGL on different devices, but no clear picture emerges. I would like to hear if any of you have had similar experiences with HTML5 or WebGL, or whether I can find information about the percentage of devices I can expect to have decent performance.

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