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• How to see external libraries code when debugging

  - by Sanva

  Hello!! First of all... this is my message #1 in this place, so... please be nice with me ;) I just started recently to study Gnome apps/libraries and I found that debuggers are an excellent way to learn, because seeing the code running helps a lot in understanding the structure of the program. But I have a problem. For example, debugging gnome-panel I found a lot of calls to external functions (basically the GTK+ functions), and although pretending to see all the code of all the functions applications like this call would be crazy, there are a lot that will be very interesting to see in action. The problem is that the debugger hasn't the code of those libraries loaded and it can't show it to me —at most it shows the line number where the execution is. I'm using Nemiver and when it tries to enter in an external function it claims because it can't find a file it supposed to be somewhere. For example, trying to enter in gtk_window_set_default_icon_name it tries to load /build/buildd/gtk+2.0-2.16.1/gtk/gtkwindow.c, and calling XSetIOErrorHandler, ../../src/ErrHndlr.c. So now I think that I'm doing something wrong... Why Nevimer are looking for those source files in those places?? My system does not even have the /build/buildd/ folders... and I don't know if I'm doing something wrong or I need to install somethig or what. Any suggestion? How do you debug this kind of applications? Best regards and thanks a lot for your time —and forgive me if my English is bad.

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• C++ STL type_traits question.

  - by Kim Sun-wu

  I was watching the latest C9 lecture and noticed something interesting.. In his introduction to type_traits, Stephan uses the following (as he says, contrived) example: template <typename T> void foo(T t, true_type) { std::cout << t << " is integral"; } template <typename T> void foo(T t, false_type) { std::cout << t << " is not integral"; } template <typename T> void bar(T t) { foo(t, typename is_integral<T>::type()); } This seems to be far more complicated than: template <typename T> void foo(T t) { if(std::is_integral<T>::value) std::cout << "integral"; else std::cout << "not integral"; } Is there something wrong with the latter way of doing it? Is his way better? Why? Thanks.

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• Usage of VIsual Memory Leak Detector

  - by Yan Cheng CHEOK

  I found a very interesting memory leak detector by using Visual C++. http://www.codeproject.com/KB/applications/visualleakdetector.aspx I try it out, but cannot make it works to detect a memory leak code. I am using MS Visual Studio 2008. Any step I had missed out? #include "stdafx.h" #include "vld.h" #include <iostream> void fun() { new int[1000]; } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { fun(); std::cout << "lead?" << std::endl; getchar(); return 0; } The output when I run in debug mode is : ... ... 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.VC80.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.4053_x-ww_e6967989\msvcr80.dll', Symbols loaded. 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll', Symbols loaded (source information stripped). 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.VC90.DebugCRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_x-ww_f863c71f\msvcp90d.dll', Symbols loaded. 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files\Visual Leak Detector\bin\dbghelp.dll', Symbols loaded (source information stripped). Visual Leak Detector Version 1.9d installed. No memory leaks detected. Visual Leak Detector is now exiting. The program '[5468] Test.exe: Native' has exited with code 0 (0x0).

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• What is your personal approach/take on commenting?

  - by Trae

  Duplicate What are your hard rules about commenting? A Developer I work with had some things to say about commenting that were interesting to me (see below). What is your personal approach/take on commenting? "I don't add comments to code unless its a simple heading or there's a platform-bug or a necessary work-around that isn't obvious. Code can change and comments may become misleading. Code should be self-documenting in its use of descriptive names and its logical organization - and its solutions should be the cleanest/simplest way to perform a given task. If a programmer can't tell what a program does by only reading the code, then he's not ready to alter it. Commenting tends to be a crutch for writing something complex or non-obvious - my goal is to always write clean and simple code." "I think there a few camps when it comes to commenting, the enterprisey-type who think they're writing an API and some grand code-library that will be used for generations to come, the craftsman-like programmer that thinks code says what it does clearer than a comment could, and novices that write verbose/unclear code so as to need to leave notes to themselves as to why they did something."

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• C# class can not disguise to be another class because GetType method cannot be override

  - by zinking

  there is a statement in the CLR via C# saying in C#, one class cannot disguise to be another, because GetType is virutal and thus it cannot be override but I think in C# we can still hide the parent implementation of GetType. I must missed something if I hide the base GetType implementation then I can disguise my class to be another class, is that correct? The key here is not whether GetType is virutal or not, the question is can we disguise one class to be another in C# Following is the NO.4 answer from the possible duplicate, so My question is more on this. is this kind of disguise possible, if so, how can we say that we can prevent class type disguise in C# ? regardless of the GetType is virtual or not While its true that you cannot override the object.GetType() method, you can use "new" to overload it completely, thereby spoofing another known type. This is interesting, however, I haven't figured out how to create an instance of the "Type" object from scratch, so the example below pretends to be another type. public class NotAString { private string m_RealString = string.Empty; public new Type GetType() { return m_RealString.GetType(); } } After creating an instance of this, (new NotAString()).GetType(), will indeed return the type for a string. share|edit|flag answered Mar 15 at 18:39 Dr Snooze 213 By almost anything that looks at GetType has an instance of object, or at the very least some base type that they control or can reason about. If you already have an instance of the most derived type then there is no need to call GetType on it. The point is as long as someone uses GetType on an object they can be sure it's the system's implementation, not any other custom definition. – Servy Mar 15 at 18:54 add comment

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• Is .NET 4.0 just a show?

  - by Will Marcouiller

  I went to a presentation about the .NET Framework and Visual Studio 2010, last night. The topis were: ASP.NET 4 - Some of the new features of ASP.NET 4 More control over ClientID's in WebForms; Output Caching; ... // Some other stuff I don't really remember being more in framework and WinForms world. Entity Framework 2.0 (.NET 4.0) T4 Templates; Domain driven development; Data driven development; Contexts (edmx files); Some of real-world limitations of EF4 (projects with over 70 to 75 tables); Better POCO support, despite there are still these hidden EntityObject and StructuralObject, but used differently in comparison to EF 1.0 so that it doesn't take off your inheritance; Allows to easily choose how to persist the hierarchy into the underlying database; Code only (start working with EF4 directly from your code!); Design by Contract (DbC). The most interesting feature is, and only, as far as I'm concerned, all related to parallelism made easier. Which really works! No additional assembly references to add. In conclusion, I'm far from impressed about .NET Framework 4.0, apart that it makes some things easier to do. But when you're used to make it a way, it doesn't really change much, in my opinion. Is it me who cannot foresee what .NET 4.0 has to offer? What would you guys base your decision on to migrate to .NET 4.0, in a practical way?

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• why i^=j^=i^=j isn't equal to *i^=*j^=*i^=*j

  - by klvoek

  In c , when there is variables (assume both as int) i less than j , we can use the equation i^=j^=i^=j to exchange the value of the two variables. For example, let int i = 3, j = 5; after computed i^=j^=i^=j, I got i = 5, j = 3 . What is so amazing to me. But, if i use two int pointers to re-do this , with *i^=*j^=*i^=*j , use the example above what i got will be i = 0 and j = 3. Then, describe it simply: In C 1 int i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this i = 5, j=3 2 int i = 3, j= 5; int *pi = &i, *pj = &j; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj; // after this, $pi = 0, *pj = 5 In JavaScript var i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this, i = 0, j= 3 the result in JavaScript makes this more interesting to me my sample code , on ubuntu server 11.0 & gcc #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int i=7, j=9; int *pi=&i, *pj=&j; i^=j^=i^=j; printf("i=%d j=%d\n", i, j); i=7, j==9; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj printf("i=%d j=%d\n", *pi, *pj); } however, i had spent hours to test and find out why, but nothing means. So, please help me. Or, just only i made some mistake???

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• Why might ASP.NET be putting JavaScript in HTML Comment blocks, not CDATA?

  - by d4nt

  We have an ASP.NET 2.0 WebForms app that uses MS Ajax 1.0. It's working fine on all our environments (dev, test, IE6 VMs etc.). However, at the customer site the client side validation is not happening. We're currently trying to eliminate all the various factors and along the way we asked them to get their page source and send it to us, and we found something interesting. In our environment, our page has ASP.NET javascript in CDATA blocks: <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ . . . //]]> </script> In their environment, the same code looks like this: <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- . . . //--> </script> This may be a red herring, but I'd like to eliminate it as the cause of the validation issues. Does anyone know whether specific configurations/patches/versions of ASP.NET will make it do this?

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• Handling close-to-impossible collisions on should-be-unique values

  - by balpha

  There are many systems that depend on the uniqueness of some particular value. Anything that uses GUIDs comes to mind (eg. the Windows registry or other databases), but also things that create a hash from an object to identify it and thus need this hash to be unique. A hash table usually doesn't mind if two objects have the same hash because the hashing is just used to break down the objects into categories, so that on lookup, not all objects in the table, but only those objects in the same category (bucket) have to be compared for identity to the searched object. Other implementations however (seem to) depend on the uniqueness. My example (that's what lead me to asking this) is Mercurial's revision IDs. An entry on the Mercurial mailing list correctly states The odds of the changeset hash colliding by accident in your first billion commits is basically zero. But we will notice if it happens. And you'll get to be famous as the guy who broke SHA1 by accident. But even the tiniest probability doesn't mean impossible. Now, I don't want an explanation of why it's totally okay to rely on the uniqueness (this has been discussed here for example). This is very clear to me. Rather, I'd like to know (maybe by means of examples from your own work): Are there any best practices as to covering these improbable cases anyway? Should they be ignored, because it's more likely that particularly strong solar winds lead to faulty hard disk reads? Should they at least be tested for, if only to fail with a "I give up, you have done the impossible" message to the user? Or should even these cases get handled gracefully? For me, especially the following are interesting, although they are somewhat touchy-feely: If you don't handle these cases, what do you do against gut feelings that don't listen to probabilities? If you do handle them, how do you justify this work (to yourself and others), considering there are more probable cases you don't handle, like a supernonva?

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• What if a large number of objects are passed to my SwingWorker.process() method?

  - by Trejkaz

  I just found an interesting situation. Suppose you have some SwingWorker (I've made this one vaguely reminiscent of my own): public class AddressTreeBuildingWorker extends SwingWorker<Void, NodePair> { private DefaultTreeModel model; public AddressTreeBuildingWorker(DefaultTreeModel model) { } @Override protected Void doInBackground() { // Omitted; performs variable processing to build a tree of address nodes. } @Override protected void process(List<NodePair> chunks) { for (NodePair pair : chunks) { // Actually the real thing inserts in order. model.insertNodeInto(parent, child, parent.getChildCount()); } } private static class NodePair { private final DefaultMutableTreeNode parent; private final DefaultMutableTreeNode child; private NodePair(DefaultMutableTreeNode parent, DefaultMutableTreeNode child) { this.parent = parent; this.child = child; } } } If the work done in the background is significant then things work well - process() is called with relatively small lists of objects and everything is happy. Problem is, if the work done in the background is suddenly insignificant for whatever reason, process() receives a huge list of objects (I have seen 1,000,000, for instance) and by the time you process each object, you have spent 20 seconds on the Event Dispatch Thread, exactly what SwingWorker was designed to avoid. In case it isn't clear, both of these occur on the same SwingWorker class for me - it depends on the input data, and the type of processing the caller wanted. Is there a proper way to handle this? Obviously I can intentionally delay or yield the background processing thread so that a smaller number might arrive each time, but this doesn't feel like the right solution to me.

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• How Can I Find What's Causing My Transaction to Get Promoted?

  - by Damian Powell

  I have web site which serves web services (a mixture of .asmx and WCF) which is mostly using LINQ to SQL and System.Transactions. Occaisionally we see the transaction get promoted to a distributed transaction which causes problems because our web servers are isolated from our databases in such a way that it is not possible for us to use MSDTC. I have configured tracing for System.Transactions by adding the following to my web.config: <system.diagnostics> <sources> <source name="System.Transactions" switchValue="Information"> <listeners> <add name="tx" type="System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener" initializeData="tx.log" /> </listeners> </source> </sources> </system.diagnostics> It's very interesting and shows me when the transaction is promoted, but I find that it doesn't really help be discover why. Is there an equivalent tracing mechanism for ADO.NET that will show me when connections are created, including the variables that affect pooling (user, cnn string, transaction scope)?

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• Memory leaks after using typeinfo::name()

  - by icabod

  I have a program in which, partly for informational logging, I output the names of some classes as they are used (specifically I add an entry to a log saying along the lines of Messages::CSomeClass transmitted to 127.0.0.1). I do this with code similar to the following: std::string getMessageName(void) const { return std::string(typeid(*this).name()); } And yes, before anyone points it out, I realise that the output of typeinfo::name is implementation-specific. According to MSDN The type_info::name member function returns a const char* to a null-terminated string representing the human-readable name of the type. The memory pointed to is cached and should never be directly deallocated. However, when I exit my program in the debugger, any "new" use of typeinfo::name() shows up as a memory leak. If I output the information for 2 classes, I get 2 memory leaks, and so on. This hints that the cached data is never being freed. While this is not a major issue, it looks messy, and after a long debugging session it could easily hide genuine memory leaks. I have looked around and found some useful information (one SO answer gives some interesting information about how typeinfo may be implemented), but I'm wondering if this memory should normally be freed by the system, or if there is something i can do to "not notice" the leaks when debugging. I do have a back-up plan, which is to code the getMessageName method myself and not rely on typeinfo::name, but I'd like to know anyway if there's something I've missed.

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• Multiple exports with MEF does some really heinous stuff -- why, and why is it allowed?

  - by Dave

  I have an interesting situation where I need to do something like this: [Export[typeof(ICandy1)] [Export[typeof(ICandy2)] public class Candy : ICandy2 { ... } where public interface ICandy1 { ... } public interface ICandy2 : ICandy1 { ... } I couldn't find any posts anywhere regarding using multiple [Export] attributes, so I figured, what the hell, might as well try it. At first glance, it actually seemed to work. I have a couple of methods that call into both interfaces of a Candy instance, and it was fine. However, as I started to test the app, I saw that the behavior wasn't right, and when looking at the Output window, I saw that I was getting tons of COMExceptions. I couldn't track down where they were all coming from, but they always occurred when a worker thread was sleeping. I figured that it had to be from the main thread, then, but didn't know how to debug this at all. Nothing should have been going on in the GUI, and I disabled my DispatchTimers just in case -- same thing. Even more strange than the COMExceptions was the really, really erratic behavior when stepping through code. About 30% of the time, when I single stepped, it would pop out of the method, or it would single step over two lines of code! Totally weird stuff that I am not used to seeing. The only thing that changed between working and non-working code was the introduction of MEF through my plugin loading code. So as a test, I changed my plugin assembly to only export one interface, and I hardcoded everything in the app that relied on the other (now not-implemented) interface. And now the COMExceptions are gone, and the weird debugging behavior is gone. Is this something people here have seen before? If MEF is not expected to allow a class to Export multiple interfaces, then shouldn't a CompositionException get raised when composing the parts? Can anyone explain why MEF would cause these weird problems???

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• To OpenID or not to OpenID? Is it worth it?

  - by Eloff

  Does OpenID improve the user experience? Edit Not to detract from the other comments, but I got one really good reply below that outlined 3 advantages of OpenID in a rational bottom line kind of way. I've also heard some whisperings in other comments that you can get access to some details on the user through OpenID (name? email? what?) and that using that it might even be able to simplify the registration process by not needing to gather as much information. Things that definitely need to be gathered in a checkout process: Full name Email (I'm pretty sure I'll have to ask for these myself) Billing address Shipping address Credit card info There may be a few other things that are interesting from a marketing point of view, but I wouldn't ask the user to manually enter anything not absolutely required during the checkout process. So what's possible in this regard? /Edit (You may have noticed stackoverflow uses OpenID) It seems to me it is easier and faster for the user to simply enter a username and password in a signup form they have to go through anyway. I mean you don't avoid entering a username and password either with OpenID. But you avoid the confusion of choosing a OpenID provider, and the trip out to and back from and external site. With Microsoft making Live ID an OpenID provider (More Info), bringing on several hundred million additional accounts to those provided by Google, Yahoo, and others, this question is more important than ever. I have to require new customers to sign up during the checkout process, and it is absolutely critical that the experience be as easy and smooth as possible, every little bit harder it becomes translates into lost sales. No geek factor outweighs cold hard cash at the end of the day :) OpenID seems like a nice idea, but the implementation is of questionable value. What are the advantages of OpenID and is it really worth it in my scenario described above?

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• Wasteful Ajax Page Loading

  - by Matt Dawdy

  I've started a new job, and the portion of the project I'm working has a very odd structure. Every pages is a .Net aspx page, and it loads just fine, but nothing is really done at load time. Everything is really loaded from a jquery document.onready handler. What is even more...interesting...is that the onready handler calls some ajax calls that drop entire .aspx pages into divs on the page, but first it strips out several parts of the the returned page. This is the "magic" script the previous programmer ran on all the returned html from his ajax calls: function CleanupResponseText(responseText, uniqueName) { responseText = responseText.replace("theForm.submit();", "SubmitSubForm(theForm, $(theForm).parent());"); responseText = responseText.replace(new RegExp("theForm", "g"), uniqueName); responseText = responseText.replace(new RegExp("doPostBack", "g"), "doPostBack" + uniqueName); return responseText; } He then intercepts any kind of form postback and runs his own form submission function: function SubmitSubForm(form, container) { //ShowLoading(container); $(form).ajaxSubmit( { url: $(form).attr("action"), success: function(responseText) { $(container).html(CleanupResponseText(responseText, form.id)); $("form", container).css("margin-top", "0").css("padding-top", "0"); //HideLoading(container); } } ); } Am I way offbase in thinking that this is less than optimal? I mean, how does a browser take out the html and head and other tags that don't have anything to do with what you are really trying to drop into that div? Also, he's returning things like asp:gridview controls, and the associate viewstate, which can be quite large if his dataset is big. Has anyone seen this before?

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• What are CAD apps written in, and how are they organized ?

  - by ldigas

  What are CAD applications (Rhino, Autocad) of today written in and how are they organized internally ? I gave as an example, Autocad and Rhino, although I would love to hear of other examples as well. I'm particularly interested in knowing what is their backend written in (multilanguage ?) and how is it organized, and how do they handle their frontend (GUI) in real time ? Do they use native windows API's or some libraries of their own, since I imagine, as good as may be, the open source solutions on today's market won't cut it. I may be wrong ... As most of you who have used them know, they handle amongs other things relatively complex rotational operations in realtime (shading is not interesting me). I've been doing some experiments with several packages recently, and for some larger models found that there is considerable difference in speed in, for example, programed rotation (big full ship models) amongst some of them (which I won't name). So I'm wondering about their internals ... Also, if someone knows of some book on the subject, I'd be interested to hear of it.

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• SQL Server 2008 R2

  - by kevchadders

  Hi all, I heard on the grapevine that Microsoft will be releasing SQL Server 2008 R2 within a year. Though I initially thought this was a patch for the just released 2008 version, I realised that it’s actually a completely different version that you would have to pay for. (Am I correct, if you had SQL Server 2008, would you have to pay again if you wanted to upgrade to 2008 R2?) If you’re already running SQL Server 2008, would you say it’s still worth the upgrade? Or does it depend on the size of your company and current setup. For what I’ve initially read, I do get the impression that this version would be more useful for the very high end hardware setup where you want to have very good scalability. With regard to programming, is there any extra enhancements/support in there which you’re aware of that will significantly help .NET Products/Web Development? Initially found a couple of links on it, but I was wondering if anyone had anymore info to share on subject as I couldn’t find nothing on SO about it? Thanks. New SQL Server R2 Microsoft Link on it. Microsoft SQL 2008 R2 EDIT: More information based on the Express Edition One very interesting thing about SQL Server 2008 R2 concerns the Express edition. Previous express versions of SQL Server Express had a database size limit of 4GB. With SQL Server Express 2008 R2, this has now been increased to 10GB !! This now makes the FREE express edition a much more viable option for small & medium sized applications that are relatively light on database requirements. Bear in mind, that this limit is per database, so if you coded your application cleverly enough to use a separate database for historical/archived data, you could squeeze even more out of it! For more information, see here: http://blogs.msdn.com/sqlexpress/archive/2010/04/21/database-size-limit-increased-to-10gb-in-sql-server-2008-r2-express.aspx

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• Ideas for storing e-mail messages in a Delphi client server application

  - by user193655

  There are many suggestions here and there for storing e-mail messages. Somehow what I am doing is writing an Outlook addin to send emails from inbox/sent folders directly to my application. So only what is really interesting is saved. And I decide where to save it. Imagine this case: I recieve an email from a customer. It's up to me to decide whether I should save it on the customer or on the order 24 that that customer did. So this is why I am doing the add in, and not some automatic storing of emails = noise after some time. This said, how to store the emails? For the emails that I recieve or send through Outlook the idea could be save the whole file in a blob field (so the eml file), may be I can save also other info (like the subject) in another text field. But the problem comes when I write an email from my application. In this case I am not generating an eml file, I send through MAPI data to Outlook to compose an email that I will send with Outlook (so in this case I cannot save the eml), or I directly send it with Indy. Also in this case I don't have the eml file... One idea could be that the all the emails that I auto compose have a special flag that the Add in recognises and therefore when I send the mail it is stored back to the DB. So in this case I can save the eml also of the mails I sent from my application. May you comment?

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• UML diagrams that are actually pretty?

  - by Borek

  I'm looking for a diagramming software that would produce good looking output. It doesn't need to support everything (or even much) from UML, is doesn't need to have code engineering functions or anything, it just needs to produce visually interesting output. Here is a couple of samples of products that I consider ugly / not good enough: Visio with default UML stencils (didn't find better looking ones), Enterprise Architect, Dia, ArgoUML and many other "professional" UML tools. A couple of visually compelling tools that I considered (but found issues with): Visual Studio class diagrams - just for .NET classes but the output is miles better than what UML tools typically produce NClass - similar to VS's class diagrams but I could not find the "pretty", blue skin anywhere yuml.me - very nice but lacking some advanced layout options. I have to say that I find their style almost ideal for high-level diagrams - they look sketchy which is good. Balsamiq - I think Joel used this for hginit.com and I liked it. However, it's not suited for creating software diagrams so I can imagine it would be quite a lot of work MS Word has actually quite a good graphics engine but I'd rather leave this as a choice of the last resort I'd be grateful for any good tips.

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• How to find whole graph coverage path in dynamic state-flow diagram?

  - by joseph

  Hello, As I've been researching algorithms for path finding in graph, I found interesting problem. Definition of situation: 1)State diagram can have p states, and s Boolean Fields, and z Int Fields 2)Every state can have q ingoing and r outgoing transitions, and h Int fields (h belongs to z - see above) 3)Every transition can have only 1 event, and only 1 action 4)every action can change n Boolean Fields, and x Int Fields 5)every event can have one trigger from combination of any count of Boolean Fields in diagram 6)Transition can be in OPEN/CLOSED form. If the transition is open/closed depends on trigger2 compounded from 0..c Boolean fields. 7) I KNOW algorithm for finding shortest paths from state A to state B. 8) I KNOW algorithm for finding path that covers all states and transitions of whole state diagram, if all transitions are OPEN. Now, what is the goal: I need to find shortest path that covers all states and transitions in dynamically changing state diagram described above. When an action changes some int field, the algorithm should go through all states that have changed int field. The algorithm should also be able to open and close transition (by going through transitions that open and close another transitions by action) in the way that the founded path will be shortest and covers all transitions and states. Any idea how to solve it? I will be really pleased for ANY idea. Thanks for answers.

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• List of Big-O for PHP functions?

  - by Kendall Hopkins

  After using PHP for a while now, I've noticed that not all PHP built in functions as fast as expected. Consider the below two possible implementations of a function that finds if a number is prime using a cached array of primes. //very slow for large $prime_array $prime_array = array( 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .... 104729, ... ); $result_array = array(); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = in_array( $number, $large_prime_array ); } //still decent performance for large $prime_array $prime_array => array( 2 => NULL, 3 => NULL, 5 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 11 => NULL, 13 => NULL, .... 104729 => NULL, ... ); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = array_key_exists( $number, $large_prime_array ); } This is because in_array is implemented with a linear search O(n) which will linearly slow down as $prime_array grows. Where the array_key_exists function is implemented with a hash lookup O(1) which will not slow down unless the hash table gets extremely populated (in which case it's only O(logn)). So far I've had to discover the big-O's via trial and error, and occasionally looking at the source code. Now for the question... I was wondering if there was a list of the theoretical (or practical) big O times for all* the PHP built in functions. *or at least the interesting ones For example find it very hard to predict what the big O of functions listed because the possible implementation depends on unknown core data structures of PHP: array_merge, array_merge_recursive, array_reverse, array_intersect, array_combine, str_replace (with array inputs), etc.

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• implementing a read/write field for an interface that only defines read

  - by PaulH

  I have a C# 2.0 application where a base interface allows read-only access to a value in a concrete class. But, within the concrete class, I'd like to have read/write access to that value. So, I have an implementation like this: public abstract class Base { public abstract DateTime StartTime { get; } } public class Foo : Base { DateTime start_time_; public override DateTime StartTime { get { return start_time_; } internal set { start_time_ = value; } } } But, this gives me the error: Foo.cs(200,22): error CS0546: 'Foo.StartTime.set': cannot override because 'Base.StartTime' does not have an overridable set accessor I don't want the base class to have write access. But, I do want the concrete class to provide read/write access. Is there a way to make this work? Thanks, PaulH Unfortunately, Base can't be changed to an interface as it contains non-abstract functionality also. Something I should have thought to put in the original problem description. public abstract class Base { public abstract DateTime StartTime { get; } public void Buzz() { // do something interesting... } } My solution is to do this: public class Foo : Base { DateTime start_time_; public override DateTime StartTime { get { return start_time_; } } internal void SetStartTime { start_time_ = value; } } It's not as nice as I'd like, but it works.

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• How can I solve the Log Pile wooden puzzle with a computer program?

  - by craig1410

  Can anyone suggest how to solve the Log Pile wooden puzzle using a computer program? See here to visualise the puzzle: http://www.puzzlethis.co.uk/products/madcow/the_log_pile.htm The picture only shows some of the pieces. The full set of 10 pieces are configured as follows with 1 representing a peg, -1 representing a hole and 0 representing neither a peg nor a hole. -1,1,0,-1,0 1,0,1,0,0 1,-1,1,0,0 -1,-1,0,0,-1 -1,1,0,1,0 0,1,0,0,1 1,0,-1,0,-1 0,-1,0,1,0 0,0,-1,1,-1 1,0,-1,0,0 The pieces can be interlocked in two layers of 5 pieces each with the top layer at 90 degrees to the bottom layer as shown in the above link. I have already created a solution to this problem myself using Java but I feel that it was a clumsy solution and I am interested to see some more sophisticated solutions. Feel free to either suggest a general approach or to provide a working program in the language of your choice. My approach was to use the numeric notation above to create an array of "Logs". I then used a combination/permutation generator to try all possible arrangements of the Logs until a solution was found where all the intersections equated to zero (ie. Peg to Hole, Hole to Peg or Blank to Blank). I used some speed-ups to detect the first failed intersection for a given permutation and move on to the next permutation. I hope you find this as interesting as I have. Thanks, Craig.

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• Contrary to Python 3.1 Docs, hash(obj) != id(obj). So which is correct?

  - by Don O'Donnell

  The following is from the Python v3.1.2 documentation: From The Python Language Reference Section 3.3.1 Basic Customization: object.__hash__(self) ... User-defined classes have __eq__() and __hash__() methods by default; with them, all objects compare unequal (except with themselves) and x.__hash__() returns id(x). From The Glossary: hashable ... Objects which are instances of user-defined classes are hashable by default; they all compare unequal, and their hash value is their id(). This is true up through version 2.6.5: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79096, Mar 19 2010 21:48:26) ... ... >>> class C(object): pass ... >>> c = C() >>> id(c) 11335856 >>> hash(c) 11335856 But in version 3.1.2: Python 3.1.2 (r312:79149, Mar 21 2010, 00:41:52) ... ... >>> class C: pass ... >>> c = C() >>> id(c) 11893680 >>> hash(c) 743355 So which is it? Should I report a documentation bug or a program bug? And if it's a documentation bug, and the default hash() value for a user class instance is no longer the same as the id() value, then it would be interesting to know what it is or how it is calculated, and why it was changed in version 3.

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• Can piping of screen to file change the result of a C++ code?

  - by Biga

  I am having this very weird behaviour with a C++ code: It gives me different results when running with and without piping the screen to a file (reproducible in cygwin and linux). I mean, if I get the same executable and run it like './run' or run it like './run out.log', I get different results! I use std::cout to output to screen, all lines ending with endl; I use ifstream for the input file; I use ofstream for output, all lines ending with endl. I am using g++ 4. Any idea what is going on? UPDATE: I have hard-coded the input data, so 'ifstream' is not used, and problem persists. UPDATE 2: That's getting interesting. I have output three variables that are computed initially, and that's what I get with and without piping direct to screen: 0 -0.02 0 piped: 0 -0.02 1.04083e-17 So there's a round-off difference with and without piping the output! Now, why piping would interefere with an internal computation of the code?

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