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  • Python: import the containing package

    - by guy
    In a module residing inside a package, i have the need to use a function defined within the __init__.py of that package. how can i import the package within the module that resides within the package, so i can use that function? Importing __init__ inside the module will not import the package, but instead a module named __init__, leading to two copies of things with different names... Is there a pythonic way to do this?

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  • Algorithm detect repeating/similiar strings in a corpus of data -- say email subjects, in Python

    - by RizwanK
    I'm downloading a long list of my email subject lines , with the intent of finding email lists that I was a member of years ago, and would want to purge them from my Gmail account (which is getting pretty slow.) I'm specifically thinking of newsletters that often come from the same address, and repeat the product/service/group's name in the subject. I'm aware that I could search/sort by the common occurrence of items from a particular email address (and I intend to), but I'd like to correlate that data with repeating subject lines.... Now, many subject lines would fail a string match, but "Google Friends : Our latest news" "Google Friends : What we're doing today" are more similar to each other than a random subject line, as is: "Virgin Airlines has a great sale today" "Take a flight with Virgin Airlines" So -- how can I start to automagically extract trends/examples of strings that may be more similar. Approaches I've considered and discarded ('because there must be some better way'): Extracting all the possible substrings and ordering them by how often they show up, and manually selecting relevant ones Stripping off the first word or two and then count the occurrence of each sub string Comparing Levenshtein distance between entries Some sort of string similarity index ... Most of these were rejected for massive inefficiency or likelyhood of a vast amount of manual intervention required. I guess I need some sort of fuzzy string matching..? In the end, I can think of kludgy ways of doing this, but I'm looking for something more generic so I've added to my set of tools rather than special casing for this data set. After this, I'd be matching the occurring of particular subject strings with 'From' addresses - I'm not sure if there's a good way of building a data structure that represents how likely/not two messages are part of the 'same email list' or by filtering all my email subjects/from addresses into pools of likely 'related' emails and not -- but that's a problem to solve after this one. Any guidance would be appreciated.

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  • How do I calculate percentiles with python/numpy?

    - by Uri
    Is there a convenient way to calculate percentiles for a sequence or single-dimensional numpy array? I am looking for something similar to Excel's percentile function. I looked in NumPy's statistics reference, and couldn't find this. All I could find is the median (50th percentile), but not something more specific.

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  • Parsing text file in python

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, I have html-file. I have to replace all text between this: [%anytext%]. As I understand, it's very easy to do with BeautifulSoup for parsing hmtl. But what is regular expression and how to remove&write back text data?

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  • Get Path of Uploaded File using Python

    - by Ali
    Is it possible to get the full path of the file on the user's computer being uploaded to my site? Using os.path.abspath(fileitem.filename) simply gets me the address of where my script is executing from on my shared hosting server. FYI: fileitem = form['file'] and form = cgi.FieldStorage()

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  • how to build good python web application

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello i never worked with web programming and i've been asked lately to write a web-based software to manage assets and tasks. to be used by more than 900 persons what are the recommended modules , frameworks , libraries for this task. and it will be highly appreciated if you guyz recommend some books and articles that might help me. thanks in advance

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  • Python creating a dictionary and swapping these into another file

    - by satsurae
    Hi all, I have two tab delimited .csv file. From one.csv I have created a dictionary which looks like: 'EB2430': ' "\t"idnD "\t"yjgV "\t"b4267 "\n', 'EB3128': ' "\t"yagE "\t\t"b0268 "\n', 'EB3945': ' "\t"maeB "\t"ypfF "\t"b2463 "\n', 'EB3944': ' "\t"eutS "\t"ypfE "\t"b2462 "\n', I would like to insert the value of the dictionary into the second.csv file which looks like: "EB2430" 36.81 364 222 4 72 430 101 461 1.00E-063 237 "EB3128" 26.04 169 108 6 42 206 17 172 6.00E-006 45.8 "EB3945" 20.6 233 162 6 106 333 33 247 6.00E-005 42.4 "EB3944" 19.07 367 284 6 1 355 1 366 2.00E-023 103 With a resultant output tab delimited: 'EB2430' idnD yjgV b4267 36.81 364 222 4 72 430 101 461 1.00E-063 237 'EB3128' yagE b0268 26.04 169 108 6 42 206 17 172 6.00E-006 45.8 'EB3945' maeB ypfF b2463 20.6 233 162 6 106 333 33 247 6.00E-005 42.4 'EB3944' eutS ypfE b2462 19.07 367 284 6 1 355 1 366 2.00E-023 103 Here is my code for creating the dictionary: f = open ("one.csv", "r") g = open ("second.csv", "r") eb = [] desc = [] di = {} for line in f: for row in f: eb.append(row[1:7]) desc.append(row[7:]) di = dict(zip(eb,desc)) Sorry for it being so long-winded!! I've not been programming for long. Cheers! Sat

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  • Python regex on list

    - by Peter Nielsen
    Hi there I am trying to build a parser and save the results as an xml file but i have problems.. For instance i get a TypeError: expected string or buffer when i try to run the code.. Would you experts please have a look at my code ? import urllib2, re from xml.dom.minidom import Document from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as bs osc = open('OSCTEST.html','r') oscread = osc.read() soup=bs(oscread) doc = Document() root = doc.createElement('root') doc.appendChild(root) countries = doc.createElement('countries') root.appendChild(countries) findtags1 = re.compile ('<h1 class="title metadata_title content_perceived_text(.*?)</h1>', re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE).findall(soup) findtags2 = re.compile ('<span class="content_text">(.*?)</span>', re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE).findall(soup) for header in findtags1: title_elem = doc.createElement('title') countries.appendChild(title_elem) header_elem = doc.createTextNode(header) title_elem.appendChild(header_elem) for item in findtags2: art_elem = doc.createElement('artikel') countries.appendChild(art_elem) s = item.replace('<P>','') t = s.replace('</P>','') text_elem = doc.createTextNode(t) art_elem.appendChild(text_elem) print doc.toprettyxml()

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  • finding max in python as per some custom criterion

    - by MK
    Hi, I can do max(s) to find the max of a sequence. But suppose I want to compute max according to my own function , something like so - currmax = 0 def mymax(s) : for i in s : #assume arity() attribute is present currmax = i.arity() if i.arity() > currmax else currmax Is there a clean pythonic way of doing this? Thanks!

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  • implement bank using python programming

    - by prajakta
    Write software for a bank. The program should be menu driven with the facility for bank employees to perform various operations. It should be written using all concepts of Object Oriented programming. You should be able to save your data in a file and read it back (because the bank people will shut down their computers when they go home :p ) Guidelines: The program may select to implement classes like Bank, Account, Savings Account, Fixed Deposit account, Customer, Depositor, Borrower, Transaction, etc.

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  • Add entry to list and remove first one in Python

    - by wagglewax
    I have a list of about 40 entries. And I frequently want to append an item to the start of the list (with id 0) and want to delete the last entry (with id 40) of the list. how do i do this the best? like: (example with 5 entries) [0] = "herp" [1] = "derp" [2] = "blah" [3] = "what" [4] = "da..." after adding "wuggah" and deleting last it should be like: [0] = "wuggah" [1] = "herp" [2] = "derp" [3] = "blah" [4] = "what" or appending one and deleting first. And I don't want to end up manually moving them one after another all of the entries to the next id.

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  • Python - List of Lists Slicing Behavior

    - by Dan Dobint
    When I define a list and try to change a single item like this: list_of_lists = [['a', 'a', 'a'], ['a', 'a', 'a'], ['a', 'a', 'a']] list_of_lists[1][1] = 'b' for row in list_of_lists: print row It works as intended. But when I try to use list comprehension to create the list: row = ['a' for range in xrange(3)] list_of_lists = [row for range in xrange(3)] list_of_lists[1][1] = 'b' for row in list_of_lists: print row It results in an entire column of items in the list being changed. Why is this? How can I achieve the desired effect with list comprehension?

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  • Have no idea with python-excel read data file

    - by Protoss Reed
    I am a student and haven't a big expirence to do this work. So problem is next. I have a part of code: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pylab import * import cmath def sf(prompt): """ """ error_message = "Value must be integer and greater or equal than zero" while True: val = raw_input(prompt) try: val = float(val) except ValueError: print(error_message) continue if val <= 0: print(error_message) continue return val def petrogen_elements(): """Input and calculations the main parameters for pertogen elements""" print "Please enter Petrogen elements: \r" SiO2 = sf("SiO2: ") Al2O3= sf("Al2O3: ") Na2O = sf("Na2O: ") K2O = sf("K2O: ") petro = [SiO2,TiO2,Al2O3,] Sum = sum(petro) Alcal = Na2O + K2O TypeA lcal= Na2O / K2O Ka= (Na2O + K2O)/ Al2O3 print '-'*20, "\r Alcal: %s \r TypeAlcal: %s \ \r Ka: %s \r" % (Alcal, TypeAlcal,Ka,) petrogen_elements() So the problem is next. I have to load and read excel file and read all data in it. After that program have to calculate for example Alcaline, Type of Alcaline etc. Excel file has only this structure 1 2 3 4 5   1 name1 SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O 2 32 12 0.21 0.1 3 name2 SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O 4 45 8 7.54 5 5 name3 SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O 6. … …. …. … … … All excel file has only 5 columns and unlimited rows. User has choice input data or import excel file. First part of work I have done but it stays a big part Finally I need to read all file and calculate the values. I would be so grateful for some advice

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  • Python imports by folder module

    - by colinmarc
    I have a directory structure: example.py templates/ __init__.py a.py b.py a.py and b.py have only one class, named the same as the file (because they are cheetah templates). For purely style reasons, I want to be able to import and use these classes in example.py like so: import templates t = templates.a() Right now I do that by having this in the template folder's __init__.py: __all__ = ["a", "b"] from . import * However, this seems pretty poor (and maybe superfluous), and doesn't even do what I want, as I have to use the classes like this: t = templates.a.a() Thoughts?

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  • Python singleton pattern

    - by Javier Garcia
    Hi, someone can tell me why this is incorrect as a singleton pattern: class preSingleton(object): def __call__(self): return self singleton = preSingleton() a = singleton() b = singleton() print a==b a.var_in_a = 100 b.var_in_b = 'hello' print a.var_in_b print b.var_in_a Edit: The above code prints: True hello 100 thank you very much

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  • Spotting similarities and patterns within a string - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, this is the use case I'm trying to figure this out for. I have a list of spam subscriptions to a service and they are killing conversion rate and other usability studies. The emails inserted look like the following: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] roger[...]_surname[...]@hotmail.com What would be your suggestions on spotting these entries by using an automated script? It feels a little more complicated than it actually looks. Help would be very much appreciated!

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  • Checking to see if a number is evenly divisible by other numbers with recursion in Python

    - by Ernesto
    At the risk of receiving negative votes, I will preface this by saying this is a midterm problem for a programming class. However, I have already submitted the code and passed the question. I changed the name of the function(s) so that someone can't immediately do a search and find the correct code, as that is not my purpose. I am actually trying to figure out what is actually MORE CORRECT from two pieces that I wrote. The problem tells us that a certain fast food place sells bite-sized pieces of chicken in packs of 6, 9, and 20. It wants us to create a function that will tell if a given number of bite-sized piece of chicken can be obtained by buying different packs. For example, 15 can be bought, because 6 + 9 is 15, but 16 cannot be bought, because no combination of the packs will equal 15. The code I submitted and was "correct" on, was: def isDivisible(n): """ n is an int Returns True if some integer combination of 6, 9 and 20 equals n Otherwise returns False. """ a, b, c = 20, 9, 6 if n == 0: return True elif n < 0: return False elif isDivisible(n - a) or isDivisible(n - b) or isDivisible(n - c): return True else: return False However, I got to thinking, if the initial number is 0, it will return True. Would an initial number of 0 be considered "buying that amount using 6, 9, and/or 20"? I cannot view the test cases the grader used, so I don't know if the grader checked 0 as a test case and decided that True was an acceptable answer or not. I also can't just enter the new code, because it is a midterm. I decided to create a second piece of code that would handle an initial case of 0, and assuming 0 is actually False: def isDivisible(n): """ n is an int Returns True if some integer combination of 6, 9 and 20 equals n Otherwise returns False. """ a, b, c = 20, 9, 6 if n == 0: return False else: def helperDivisible(n): if n == 0: return True elif n < 0: return False elif helperDivisible(n - a) or helperDivisible(n - b) or helperDivisible(n - c): return True else: return False return helperDivisible(n) As you can see, my second function had to use a "helper" function in order to work. My overall question, though, is which function do you think would provide the correct answer, if the grader had tested for 0 as an initial input?

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  • Python: For loop problem

    - by Yasmin
    I have a simple for loop problem, when i run the code below it prints out series of 'blue green' sequences then a series of 'green' sequences. I want the output to be; if row[4] is equal to 1 to print blue else print green. for row in rows: for i in `row[4]`: if i ==`1`: print 'blue ' else: print 'green ' Any help would be grateful thanks Yas

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  • Python: Access dictionary value inside of tuple and sort quickly by dict value

    - by Aquat33nfan
    I know that wasn't clear. Here's what I'm doing specifically. I have my list of dictionaries here: dict = [{int=0, value=A}, {int=1, value=B}, ... n] and I want to take them in combinations, so I used itertools and it gave me a tuple (Well, okay it gave me a memory object that I then used enumerate on so I could loop over it and enumerate gave ma tuple): for (index, tuple) in enumerate(combinations(dict, 2)): and this is where I have my problem. I want to identify which of the two items in the combination has the bigger 'int' value and which has the smaller value and assign them to variables (I'm actually using more than 2 in the combination so I can't just say if tuple[0]['int'] tuple[1]['int'] and do the assignment because I'd have to list this out a bunch of times and that's hard to manage). I was going to assign each 'int' value to a variable, sort it in a list, index the 'int' value in the list by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... etc., then go back and access the dictionary I wanted by the int value and then assign the dictionary to a variable so I knew which was bigger. But I have a big list and lists and variable assignments are resource intensive and this is taking a long time (I had only a little bit of that written and it was taking forever to run). So I was hoping someone knew a fast way to do this. I actually could list out every possible combination of assignmnets using the if/thens but it's just like 5 pages of if/thens and assignments and is hard to read and manage when I want to change it. You've probably gathered this, but I"m new at programming. thx

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  • Python: Getting the attribute name that the created object will be given

    - by cool-RR
    Before I ask this, do note: I want this for debugging purposes. I know that this is going to be some bad black magic, but I want to use it just during debugging so I could identify my objects more easily. It's like this. I have some object from class A that creates a few B instances as attributes: class A(object): def __init__(self) self.vanilla_b = B() self.chocolate_b = B() class B(object): def __init__(self): # ... What I want is that in B.__init__, it will figure out the "vanilla_b" or whatever attribute name it was given, and then put that as the .name attribute to this specific B. Then in debugging when I see some B object floating around, I could know which one it is. Is there any way to do this?

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  • How to control a subthread process in python?

    - by SpawnCxy
    Code first: '''this is main structure of my program''' from twisted.web import http from twisted.protocols import basic import threading threadstop = False #thread trigger,to be done class MyThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.start() def run(self): while True: if threadstop: return dosomething() '''def some function''' if __name__ == '__main__': from twisted.internet import reactor t = MyThread() reactor.listenTCP(serverport,myHttpFactory()) reactor.run() As my first multithread program,I feel happy that it works as expected.But now I find I cannot control it.If I run it on front,Control+C can only stop the main process,and I can still find it in processlist;if I run it in background,I have to use kill -9 pid to stop it.And I wonder if there's a way to control the subthread process by a trigger variale,or a better way to stop the whole process other than kill -9.Thanks.

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  • How to permanently change a variable in a Python game loop

    - by Wehrdo
    I have a game loop like this: #The velocity of the object velocity_x = 0.09 velocity_y = 0.03 #If the location of the object is over 5, bounce off. if loc_x > 5: velocity_x = (velocity_x * -1) if loc_y > 5: velocity_y = (velocity_y * -1) #Every frame set the object's position to the old position plus the velocity obj.setPosition([(loc_x + velocity_x),(loc_y + velocity_y),0]) Basically, my problem is that in the if loops, I change the variable from its original value to the inverse of its old value. But because I declare the variable's value at the beginning of the script, the velocity variables don't stay on what I change it to. I need a way to change the variable's value permanently. Thank you!

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