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• Python begineer confused by a piece of code

  - by Protean

  I understand the gist of the code, that it forms permutations; however, I was wondering if someone could explain exactly what is going on in the return statement. def perm(l): sz = len(l) print (l) if sz <= 1: print ('sz <= 1') return [l] return [p[:i]+[l[0]]+p[i:] for i in range(sz) for p in perm(l[1:])]

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• crashing out in a while loop python

  - by Edward

  How to solve this error? i want to pass the values from get_robotxya() and get_ballxya() and use it in a loop but it seems that it will crash after awhile how do i fix this? i want to get the values whithout it crashing out of the while loop import socket import os,sys import time from threading import Thread HOST = '59.191.193.59' PORT = 5555 COORDINATES = [] def connect(): globals()['client_socket'] = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) client_socket.connect((HOST,PORT)) def update_coordinates(): connect() screen_width = 0 screen_height = 0 while True: try: client_socket.send("loc\n") data = client_socket.recv(8192) except: connect(); continue; globals()['COORDINATES'] = data.split() if(not(COORDINATES[-1] == "eom" and COORDINATES[0] == "start")): continue if (screen_width != int(COORDINATES[2])): screen_width = int(COORDINATES[2]) screen_height = int(COORDINATES[3]) return def get_ballxy(): update_coordinates() ballx = int(COORDINATES[8]) bally = int(COORDINATES[9]) return ballx,bally def get_robotxya(): update_coordinates() robotx = int(COORDINATES[12]) roboty = int(COORDINATES[13]) angle = int(COORDINATES[14]) return robotx,roboty,angle def print_ballxy(bx,by): print bx print by def print_robotxya(rx,ry,a): print rx print ry print a def activate(): bx,by = get_ballxy() rx,ry,a = get_robotxya() print_ballxy(bx,by) print_robotxya(rx,ry,a) Thread(target=update_coordinates).start() while True: activate() this is the error i get:

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• Recognizing file - Python

  - by Francisco Aleixo

  Ok, so the title may trick you a bit, and I'm sorry for that but didn't find a better title. This question might be a bit hard to understand so I'll try my best. I have no idea how this works or if it is even possible but what I want to do is for example create a file type (lets imagine .test (in which a random file name would be random.test)). Now before I continue, its obviously easy to do this using for example: filename = "random.test" file = open(filename, 'w') file.write("some text here") But now what I would like to know is if it is possible to write the file .test so if I set it to open with a wxPython program, it recognizes it and for example opens up a Message Dialog automatically. I'm sorry if I'm being vague and in case you don't understand, let me know so I can try my best to explain you.

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• Static lock in Python?

  - by roddik

  Hello. I've got the following code: import time import threading class BaseWrapper: #static class lock = threading.Lock() @staticmethod def synchronized_def(): BaseWrapper.lock.acquire() time.sleep(5) BaseWrapper.lock.release() def test(): print time.ctime() if __name__ is '__main__': for i in xrange(10): threading.Thread(target = test).start() I want to have a method synchronized using static lock. However the above code prints the same time ten times, so it isn't really locking. How can I fix it? TIA

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• download mbox files over https using python

  - by VenkatS

  I was trying to find the right module for downloading kernel patches from kernel.org site For example,to download the file at https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/62948/mbox/ I understand urlgrabber has a problem with https on debian. urllib2 seems to have problem with this url as well (says getaddrinfo failed, even though there are no problems reaching other urls) Any help would be appreciated

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• How to read a file with variable multi-row data in Python

  - by dr.bunsen

  I have a file that is about 100Mb that looks like this: #meta data 1 skadjflaskdjfasljdfalskdjfl sdkfjhasdlkgjhsdlkjghlaskdj asdhfk #meta data 2 jflaksdjflaksjdflkjasdlfjas ldaksjflkdsajlkdfj #meta data 3 alsdkjflasdjkfglalaskdjf This file contains one row of meta data that corresponds to several, variable length data containing only alpha-numeric characters. What is the best way to read this data into a simple list like this: data = [[#meta data 1, skadjflaskdjfasljdfalskdjflsdkfjhasdlkgjhsdlkjghlaskdjasdhfk], [#meta data 2, jflaksdjflaksjdflkjasdlfjasldaksjflkdsajlkdfj], [#meta data 3, alsdkjflasdjkfglalaskdjf]] My initial idea was to use the read() method to read the whole file into memory and then use regular expressions to parse the data into the desired format. Is there a better more pythonic way? All metadata lines start with an octothorpe and all data lines are all alpha-numeric. Thanks!

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• Python: Converting a tuple to a string with 'err'

  - by skylarking

  Given this : import os import subprocess def check_server(): cl = subprocess.Popen(["nmap","10.7.1.71"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) result = cl.communicate() print result check_server() check_server() returns this tuple: ('\nStarting Nmap 4.53 ( http://insecure.org ) at 2010-04-07 07:26 EDT\nInteresting ports on 10.7.1.71:\nNot shown: 1711 closed ports\nPORT STATE SERVICE\n21/tcp open ftp\n22/tcp open ssh\n80/tcp open http\n\nNmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.293 seconds\n', None) Changing the second line in the method to result, err = cl.communicate() results in check_server() returning : Starting Nmap 4.53 ( http://insecure.org ) at 2010-04-07 07:27 EDT Interesting ports on 10.7.1.71: Not shown: 1711 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.319 seconds Looks to be the case that the tuple is converted to a string, and the \n's are being stripped.... but how? What is 'err' and what exactly is it doing?

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• Python nested dict comprehension with sets

  - by Jasie

  Can someone explain how to do nested dict comprehensions? >> l = [set([1, 2, 3]), set([4, 5, 6])] >> j = dict((a, i) for a in s for i, s in enumerate(l)) >> NameError: name 's' is not defined I would have liked: >> j >> {1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1} I just asked a previous question about a simpler dict comprehension where the parentheses in the generator function were reduced. How come the s in the leftmost comprehension is not recognized?

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• finding max in python as per some custom criterion

  - by MK

  Hi, I can do max(s) to find the max of a sequence. But suppose I want to compute max according to my own function , something like so - currmax = 0 def mymax(s) : for i in s : #assume arity() attribute is present currmax = i.arity() if i.arity() > currmax else currmax Is there a clean pythonic way of doing this? Thanks!

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• Best practice for Python Assert

  - by meade

  Is there a performance or code maintenance issue with using assert as part of the standard code instead of using it just for debugging purposes? Is assert x >= 0, 'x is less then zero' and better or worse then if x < 0: raise Exception, 'x is less then zero' Also, is there anyway to set a business rule like if x < 0 raise error that is always checked with out the try, except, finally so, if at anytime throughout the code x is < 0 an error is raised, like if you set assert x < 0 at the start of a function, anywhere within the function where x becomes less then 0 an exception is raised?

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• Python: how to inherite and override

  - by Guy

  Consider this situation: I get an object of type A which has the function f. I.e: class A: def f(): print 'in f' def h(): print 'in h' and I get an instance of this class but I want to override the f function but save the rest of the functionality of A. So what I was thinking was something of the sort: class B(A): .... def f(): print 'in B->f' and the usage would be: def main(a): b = B(a) b.f() #prints "in B->f" b.h() #print "in h" How do you do such a thing?

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• Invalid syntax in this simple Python application.

  - by Sergio Boombastic

  Getting an invalid syntax when creating the template_value variable: class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): blogPosts_query = BlogPost.all().order('-postDate') blogPosts = blogPosts_query.fetch(10) if users.get_current_user(): url = users.create_logout_url(self.request.uri) url_linktext = 'Logout' else: url = url = users.create_login_url(self.request.uri) url_linktext = 'Login' template_value = ( 'blogPosts': blogPosts, 'url': url, 'url_linktext': url_linktext, ) path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'index.html') self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_values)) The error fires specifically on the 'blogPosts': blogPosts line. What am I doing wrong? Thanks!

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• Python: how to execute generated code ?

  - by Natim

  Hello guys I have this code, and I would like to use the app parameter to generate the code instead of duplicating it. if app == 'map': try: from modulo.map.views import map return map(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'schedule': try: from modulo.schedule.views import schedule_day return schedule_day(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'sponsors': try: from modulo.sponsors.views import sponsors return sponsors(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'streaming': try: from modulo.streaming.views import streaming return streaming(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass Do you have any idea ? Thanks

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• Access static class variable of parent class in Python

  - by fuenfundachtzig

  I have someting like this class A: __a = 0 def __init__(self): A.__a = A.__a + 1 def a(self): return A.__a class B(A): def __init__(self): # how can I access / modify A.__a here? A.__a = A.__a + 1 # does not work def a(self): return A.__a Can I access the __astatic variable in B? It's possible writing a instead of __a, is this the only way? (I guess the answer might be rather short: yes :)

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• Python Script to check website for a tag

  - by LinuxGnut

  Hello all. I'm trying to figure out how to go about writing a website monitoring script (cron job in the end) to open up a given URL, check to see if a tag exists, and if the tag does not exist, or doesn't contain the expected data, then to write some to a log file, or to send an e-mail. The tag would be something like or something relatively similar. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Python - Things one MUST avoid

  - by Anurag Uniyal

  Today I was bitten again by "Mutable default arguments" after many years. I usually don't use mutable default arguments unless needed but I think with time I forgot about that, and today in the application I added tocElements=[] in a pdf generation function's argument list and now 'Table of Content' gets longer and longer after each invocation of "generate pdf" :) My question is what other things should I add to my list of things to MUST avoid? 1 Mutable default arguments 2 import modules always same way e.g. 'from y import x' and 'import x' are totally different things actually they are treated as different modules see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1459236/module-reimported-if-imported-from-different-path 3 Do not use range in place of lists because range() will become an iterator anyway, so things like this will fail, so wrap it by list myIndexList = [0,1,3] isListSorted = myIndexList == range(3) # will fail in 3.0 isListSorted = myIndexList == list(range(3)) # will not same thing can be mistakenly done with xrange e.g myIndexList == xrange(3). 4 Catching multiple exceptions try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except KeyError,TypeError: print TypeError It prints "hmm bug", though it is not a bug, it looks like we are catching exceptions of type KeyError,TypeError but instead we are catching KeyError only as variable TypeError, instead use try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except (KeyError,TypeError): print TypeError

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• Python: import the containing package

  - by guy

  In a module residing inside a package, i have the need to use a function defined within the __init__.py of that package. how can i import the package within the module that resides within the package, so i can use that function? Importing __init__ inside the module will not import the package, but instead a module named __init__, leading to two copies of things with different names... Is there a pythonic way to do this?

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• python file manipulation

  - by lakshmipathi

  I have a directory /tmp/dir with two types of file names /tmp/dir/abc-something-server.log /tmp/dir/xyz-something-server.log .. .. and /tmp/dir/something-client.log I need append a few lines (these lines are constant) to files end with "client.log" line 1 line 2 line 3 line 4 append these four lines to files end with "client.log" and For files end with "server.log" I needed to append after a keyword say "After-this". "server.log " file has multiple entries of "After-this" I need to find the first entry of "After-this" and append above said four lines keep the remaining file as it is. Any help will be great appreciated :) Thanks in advance.

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• How can I dispatch Firefox with Python?

  - by Shady

  How can I do this with Firefox? ie = win32com.client.Dispatch('InternetExplorer.Application') ie.visible = 1 ie.navigate('http://google.com') Is there a way to do it?

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• Google App Engine python - Self is not defined

  - by sdasdas

  I have a request that maps to this class ChatMsg It takes in 3 get variables, username, roomname, and msg. But it fails on this last line here. class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): # this is line 239 def get(self): username = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('username')) roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) # this is line 242 When it tries to assign roomname, it tells me: <type 'exceptions.NameError'>: name 'self' is not defined Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 239, in <module> class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 242, in ChatMsg roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) what the hell is going on to make self not defined

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• XML library similar to simplejson/json? - Python

  - by RadiantHex

  Hi folks, is there a similar library to simplejson, which would enable quick serialization of data to and from XML. e.g. json.loads('{vol:'III', title:'Magical Unicorn'}') e.g. json.dumps([1,2,3,4,5]) Any ideas?

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• Dynamic dispatch and inheritance in python

  - by Bill Zimmerman

  Hi, I'm trying to modify Guido's multimethod (dynamic dispatch code): http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=101605 to handle inheritance and possibly out of order arguments. e.g. (inheritance problem) class A(object): pass class B(A): pass @multimethod(A,A) def foo(arg1,arg2): print 'works' foo(A(),A()) #works foo(A(),B()) #fails Is there a better way than iteratively checking for the super() of each item until one is found? e.g. (argument ordering problem) I was thinking of this from a collision detection standpoint. e.g. foo(Car(),Truck()) and foo(Truck(), Car()) and should both trigger foo(Car,Truck) # Note: @multimethod(Truck,Car) will throw an exception if @multimethod(Car,Truck) was registered first? I'm looking specifically for an 'elegant' solution. I know that I could just brute force my way through all the possibilities, but I'm trying to avoid that. I just wanted to get some input/ideas before sitting down and pounding out a solution. Thanks

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• Spotting similarities and patterns within a string - Python

  - by RadiantHex

  Hi folks, this is the use case I'm trying to figure this out for. I have a list of spam subscriptions to a service and they are killing conversion rate and other usability studies. The emails inserted look like the following: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] roger[...]_surname[...]@hotmail.com What would be your suggestions on spotting these entries by using an automated script? It feels a little more complicated than it actually looks. Help would be very much appreciated!

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• How do I calculate percentiles with python/numpy?

  - by Uri

  Is there a convenient way to calculate percentiles for a sequence or single-dimensional numpy array? I am looking for something similar to Excel's percentile function. I looked in NumPy's statistics reference, and couldn't find this. All I could find is the median (50th percentile), but not something more specific.

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• python iterators and thread-safety

  - by Igor

  I have a class which is being operated on by two functions. One function creates a list of widgets and writes it into the class: def updateWidgets(self): widgets = self.generateWidgetList() self.widgets = widgets the other function deals with the widgets in some way: def workOnWidgets(self): for widget in self.widgets: self.workOnWidget(widget) each of these functions runs in it's own thread. the question is, what happens if the updateWidgets() thread executes while the workOnWidgets() thread is running? I am assuming that the iterator created as part of the for...in loop will keep some kind of reference to the old self.widgets object? So I will finish iterating over the old list... but I'd love to know for sure.

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