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• Python singleton pattern

  - by Javier Garcia

  Hi, someone can tell me why this is incorrect as a singleton pattern: class preSingleton(object): def __call__(self): return self singleton = preSingleton() a = singleton() b = singleton() print a==b a.var_in_a = 100 b.var_in_b = 'hello' print a.var_in_b print b.var_in_a Edit: The above code prints: True hello 100 thank you very much

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• Python: Script works, but seems to deadlock after some time

  - by sberry2A

  I have the following script, which is working for the most part Link to PasteBin The script's job is to start a number of threads which in turn each start a subprocess with Popen. The output from each subprocess is as follows: 1 2 3 . . . n Done Bascially the subprocess is transferring 10M records from tables in one database to different tables in another db with a lot of data massaging/manipulation in between because of the different schemas. If the subprocess fails at any time in it's execution (bad records, duplicate primary keys, etc), or it completes successfully, it will output "Done\n". If there are no more records to select against for transfer then it will output "NO DATA\n" My intent was to create my script "tableTransfer.py" which would spawn a number of these processes, read their output, and in turn output information such as number of updates completed, time remaining, time elapsed, and number of transfers per second. I started running the process last night and checked in this morning to see it had deadlocked. There were not subprocceses running, there are still records to be updated, and the script had not exited. It was simply sitting there, no longer outputting the current information because no subprocces were running to update the total number complete which is what controls updates to the output. This is running on OS X. I am looking for three things: I would like to get rid of the possibility of this deadlock occurring so I don't need to check in on it as frequently. Is there some issue with locking? Am I doing this in a bad way (gThreading variable to control looping of spawning additional thread... etc.) I would appreciate some suggestions for improving my overall methodology. How should I handle ctrl-c exit? Right now I need to kill the process, but assume I should be able to use the signal module or other to catch the signal and kill the threads, is that right? I am not sure whether I should be pasting my entire script here, since I usually just paste snippets. Let me know if I should paste it here as well.

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• Python float copy question

  - by SJA

  Hi, I'm puzzled by some behaviour I'm seeing when copying a float array member into another variable - please help! For example data_entry[1] = 9.6850069951 new_value = data_entry[1] <comment> #print both 9.6850069951 9.6850663300 I'm aware of the problem of binary storage of floats but I thought with a direct copy of memory we would end up with the same value. Any ideas? I need better precision than this! thanks in advance Stuart

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• Sorting elements in string with Python

  - by prosseek

  I need to sort string, and I came up with the following function. def mysort(comb_): str = [] size = len(comb_) for c in comb_: str.append(c) str.sort() return ''.join(str) Is there any way to make it compact?

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• Message queue proxy in Python + Twisted

  - by gasper_k

  Hi, I want to implement a lightweight Message Queue proxy. It's job is to receive messages from a web application (PHP) and send them to the Message Queue server asynchronously. The reason for this proxy is that the MQ isn't always avaliable and is sometimes lagging, or even down, but I want to make sure the messages are delivered, and the web application returns immediately. So, PHP would send the message to the MQ proxy running on the same host. That proxy would save the messages to SQLite for persistence, in case of crashes. At the same time it would send the messages from SQLite to the MQ in batches when the connection is available, and delete them from SQLite. Now, the way I understand, there are these components in this service: message listener (listens to the messages from PHP and writes them to a Incoming Queue) DB flusher (reads messages from the Incoming Queue and saves them to a database; due to SQLite single-threadedness) MQ connection handler (keeps the connection to the MQ server online by reconnecting) message sender (collects messages from SQlite db and sends them to the MQ server, then removes them from db) I was thinking of using Twisted for #1 (TCPServer), but I'm having problem with integrating it with other points, which aren't event-driven. Intuition tells me that each of these points should be running in a separate thread, because all are IO-bound and independent of each other, but I could easily put them in a single thread. Even though, I couldn't find any good and clear (to me) examples on how to implement this worker thread aside of Twisted's main loop. The example I've started with is the chatserver.py, which uses service.Application and internet.TCPServer objects. If I start my own thread prior to creating TCPServer service, it runs a few times, but the it stops and never runs again. I'm not sure, why this is happening, but it's probably because I don't use threads with Twisted correctly. Any suggestions on how to implement a separate worker thread and keep Twisted? Do you have any alternative architectures in mind?

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• How to read a file with variable multi-row data in Python

  - by dr.bunsen

  I have a file that is about 100Mb that looks like this: #meta data 1 skadjflaskdjfasljdfalskdjfl sdkfjhasdlkgjhsdlkjghlaskdj asdhfk #meta data 2 jflaksdjflaksjdflkjasdlfjas ldaksjflkdsajlkdfj #meta data 3 alsdkjflasdjkfglalaskdjf This file contains one row of meta data that corresponds to several, variable length data containing only alpha-numeric characters. What is the best way to read this data into a simple list like this: data = [[#meta data 1, skadjflaskdjfasljdfalskdjflsdkfjhasdlkgjhsdlkjghlaskdjasdhfk], [#meta data 2, jflaksdjflaksjdflkjasdlfjasldaksjflkdsajlkdfj], [#meta data 3, alsdkjflasdjkfglalaskdjf]] My initial idea was to use the read() method to read the whole file into memory and then use regular expressions to parse the data into the desired format. Is there a better more pythonic way? All metadata lines start with an octothorpe and all data lines are all alpha-numeric. Thanks!

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• Python: For loop problem

  - by Yasmin

  I have a simple for loop problem, when i run the code below it prints out series of 'blue green' sequences then a series of 'green' sequences. I want the output to be; if row[4] is equal to 1 to print blue else print green. for row in rows: for i in `row[4]`: if i ==`1`: print 'blue ' else: print 'green ' Any help would be grateful thanks Yas

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• How to loop over nodes with xmlfeed using scrapy python

  - by Kour ipm

  Hi i working on scrapy and trying xml feeds first time, below is my code class TestxmlItemSpider(XMLFeedSpider): name = "TestxmlItem" allowed_domains = {"http://www.nasinteractive.com"} start_urls = [ "http://www.nasinteractive.com/jobexport/advance/hcantexasexport.xml" ] iterator = 'iternodes' itertag = 'job' def parse_node(self, response, node): title = node.select('title/text()').extract() job_code = node.select('job-code/text()').extract() detail_url = node.select('detail-url/text()').extract() category = node.select('job-category/text()').extract() print title,";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;" print job_code,";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;" item = TestxmlItem() item['title'] = node.select('title/text()').extract() ....... return item result: File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.3-py2.7.egg/scrapy/item.py", line 56, in __setitem__ (self.__class__.__name__, key)) exceptions.KeyError: 'TestxmlItem does not support field: title' Totally there are 200+ items so i need to loop over and assign the node text to item but here all the results are displaying at once when we print, actually how can we loop over on nodes in scraping xml files with xmlfeedspider

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• Python imports by folder module

  - by colinmarc

  I have a directory structure: example.py templates/ __init__.py a.py b.py a.py and b.py have only one class, named the same as the file (because they are cheetah templates). For purely style reasons, I want to be able to import and use these classes in example.py like so: import templates t = templates.a() Right now I do that by having this in the template folder's __init__.py: __all__ = ["a", "b"] from . import * However, this seems pretty poor (and maybe superfluous), and doesn't even do what I want, as I have to use the classes like this: t = templates.a.a() Thoughts?

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• finding max in python as per some custom criterion

  - by MK

  Hi, I can do max(s) to find the max of a sequence. But suppose I want to compute max according to my own function , something like so - currmax = 0 def mymax(s) : for i in s : #assume arity() attribute is present currmax = i.arity() if i.arity() > currmax else currmax Is there a clean pythonic way of doing this? Thanks!

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• How can I dispatch Firefox with Python?

  - by Shady

  How can I do this with Firefox? ie = win32com.client.Dispatch('InternetExplorer.Application') ie.visible = 1 ie.navigate('http://google.com') Is there a way to do it?

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• Python: how to execute generated code ?

  - by Natim

  Hello guys I have this code, and I would like to use the app parameter to generate the code instead of duplicating it. if app == 'map': try: from modulo.map.views import map return map(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'schedule': try: from modulo.schedule.views import schedule_day return schedule_day(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'sponsors': try: from modulo.sponsors.views import sponsors return sponsors(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'streaming': try: from modulo.streaming.views import streaming return streaming(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass Do you have any idea ? Thanks

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• python multiprocess update dictionary synchronously

  - by user1050325

  I am trying to update one common dictionary through multiple processes. Could you please help me find out what is the problem with this code? I get the following output: inside function {1: 1, 2: -1} comes here inside function {1: 0, 2: 2} comes here {1: 0, 2: -1} Thanks. from multiprocessing import Lock, Process, Manager l= Lock() def computeCopyNum(test,val): l.acquire() test[val]=val print "inside function" print test l.release() return a=dict({1: 0, 2: -1}) procs=list() for i in range(1,3): p = Process(target=computeCopyNum, args=(a,i)) procs.append(p) p.start() for p in procs: p.join() print "comes here" print a

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• Python __import__ parameter confusion

  - by CMC

  I'm trying to import a module, while passing some global variables, but it does not seem to work: File test_1: test_2 = __import__("test_2", {"testvar": 1}) File test_2: print testvar This seems like it should work, and print a 1, but I get the following error when I run test_1: Traceback (most recent call last): File ".../test_1.py", line 1, in <module> print testvar NameError: name 'testvar' is not defined What am I doing wrong?

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• Python: needs more than 1 value to unpack

  - by Rosarch

  What am I doing wrong to get this error? replacements = {} replacements["**"] = ("<strong>", "</strong>") replacements["__"] = ("<em>", "</em>") replacements["--"] = ("<blink>", "</blink>") replacements["=="] = ("<marquee>", "</marquee>") replacements["@@"] = ("<code>", "</code>") for delimiter, (open_tag, close_tag) in replacements: # error here message = self.replaceFormatting(delimiter, message, open_tag, close_tag); The error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in for shit, (a, b) in replacements: ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack All the values tuples have two values. Right?

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• A problem with assertRaises function in Python

  - by anton.k.

  Hello,guys! I am trying to run the following test self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) where test.testBasic() is class IsPrimeTest(unittest.TestCase): def assertRaises(self,exception,callable,*args,**kwargs): print('dfdf') temp = callable super().assertRaises(exception,temp,*args,**kwargs) def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) where prime is a function,and but in self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) the lambda function doesnt throws an exception after the test def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) fails Can somebody offers a solution to the problem?

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• Invalid syntax in this simple Python application.

  - by Sergio Boombastic

  Getting an invalid syntax when creating the template_value variable: class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): blogPosts_query = BlogPost.all().order('-postDate') blogPosts = blogPosts_query.fetch(10) if users.get_current_user(): url = users.create_logout_url(self.request.uri) url_linktext = 'Logout' else: url = url = users.create_login_url(self.request.uri) url_linktext = 'Login' template_value = ( 'blogPosts': blogPosts, 'url': url, 'url_linktext': url_linktext, ) path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'index.html') self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_values)) The error fires specifically on the 'blogPosts': blogPosts line. What am I doing wrong? Thanks!

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• Python: import the containing package

  - by guy

  In a module residing inside a package, i have the need to use a function defined within the __init__.py of that package. how can i import the package within the module that resides within the package, so i can use that function? Importing __init__ inside the module will not import the package, but instead a module named __init__, leading to two copies of things with different names... Is there a pythonic way to do this?

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• Key word extraction in Python

  - by oliland

  I'm building a website in django that needs to extract key words from short (twitter-like) messages. I've looked at packages like topia.textextract and nltk - but both seem to be overkill for what I need to do. All I need to do is filter words like "and", "or", "not" while keeping nouns and verbs that aren't conjunctives or other parts of speech. Are there any "simpler" packages out there that can do this? EDIT: This needs to be done in near real-time on a production website, so using a keyword extraction service seems out of the question, based on their response times and request throttling.

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• Access static class variable of parent class in Python

  - by fuenfundachtzig

  I have someting like this class A: __a = 0 def __init__(self): A.__a = A.__a + 1 def a(self): return A.__a class B(A): def __init__(self): # how can I access / modify A.__a here? A.__a = A.__a + 1 # does not work def a(self): return A.__a Can I access the __astatic variable in B? It's possible writing a instead of __a, is this the only way? (I guess the answer might be rather short: yes :)

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• Python: how to inherite and override

  - by Guy

  Consider this situation: I get an object of type A which has the function f. I.e: class A: def f(): print 'in f' def h(): print 'in h' and I get an instance of this class but I want to override the f function but save the rest of the functionality of A. So what I was thinking was something of the sort: class B(A): .... def f(): print 'in B->f' and the usage would be: def main(a): b = B(a) b.f() #prints "in B->f" b.h() #print "in h" How do you do such a thing?

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• Google App Engine python - Self is not defined

  - by sdasdas

  I have a request that maps to this class ChatMsg It takes in 3 get variables, username, roomname, and msg. But it fails on this last line here. class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): # this is line 239 def get(self): username = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('username')) roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) # this is line 242 When it tries to assign roomname, it tells me: <type 'exceptions.NameError'>: name 'self' is not defined Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 239, in <module> class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 242, in ChatMsg roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) what the hell is going on to make self not defined

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• Concise way to getattr() and use it if not None in Python

  - by MTsoul

  I am finding myself doing the following a bit too often: attr = getattr(obj, 'attr', None) if attr is not None: attr() # Do something, either attr(), or func(attr), or whatever else: # Do something else Is there a more pythonic way of writing that? Is this better? (At least not in performance, IMO.) try: obj.attr() # or whatever except AttributeError: # Do something else

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• sorting in python

  - by tipu

  I have a hashmap like so: results[tweet_id] = {"score" : float(dot(query,doc) / (norm(query) * norm(doc))), "tweet" : tweet} What I'd like to do is to sort results by the innser "score" key. I don't know how possible this is, I saw many sorting tutorials but they were for simple (not nested) data structures.

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• Working with multiple input and output files in Python

  - by Morlock

  I need to open multiple files (2 input and 2 output files), do complex manipulations on the lines from input files and then append results at the end of 2 output files. I am currently using the following approach: in_1 = open(input_1) in_2 = open(input_2) out_1 = open(output_1, "w") out_2 = open(output_2, "w") # Read one line from each 'in_' file # Do many operations on the DNA sequences included in the input files # Append one line to each 'out_' file in_1.close() in_2.close() out_1.close() out_2.close() The files are huge (each potentially approaching 1Go, that is why I am reading through these input files one at a time. I am guessing that this is not a very Pythonic way to do things. :) Would using the following form good? with open("file1") as f1: with open("file2") as f2: # etc. If yes, could I do it while avoiding the highly indented code that would result? Thanks for the insights!

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