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  • Python: finding lowest integer

    - by sarah
    I have the following code: l = ['-1.2', '0.0', '1'] x = 100.0 for i in l: if i < x: x = i print x The code should find the lowest value in my list (-1.2) but instead when i print 'x' it finds the value is still 100.0 Where is my code going wrong?

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  • Drawing a Dragons curve in Python

    - by Connor Franzoni
    I am trying to work out how to draw the dragons curve, with pythons turtle using the An L-System or Lindenmayer system. I no the code is something like the Dragon curve; initial state = ‘F’, replacement rule – replace ‘F’ with ‘F+F-F’, number of replacements = 8, length = 5, angle = 60 But have no idea how to put that into code.

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  • Replace text in file with Python

    - by Aaron Hoffman
    I'm trying to replace some text in a file with a value. Everything works fine but when I look at the file after its completed there is a new (blank) line after each line in the file. Is there something I can do to prevent this from happening. Here is the code as I have it: import fileinput for line in fileinput.FileInput("testfile.txt",inplace=1): line = line.replace("newhost",host) print line Thank you, Aaron

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  • python Requests login to website returns 403

    - by Jeff
    I'm trying to use requests to login to a website but as you can guess I'm having a problem here's the the code that I'm using import requests EMAIL = '***' PASSWORD = '***' URL = 'https://portal.bitcasa.com/login' client = requests.session(config={'verbose': sys.stderr}) login_data = {'username': EMAIL, 'password': PASSWORD,} r = client.post(URL, data=login_data, headers={"Referer": "foo"}) print r and if I print out r.text I get <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript">var NREUMQ=NREUMQ||[];NREUMQ.push(["mark","firstbyte",new Date().getTime()])</script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE"> <title>403 Forbidden</title> <style type="text/css"> html * { padding:0; margin:0; } body * { padding:10px 20px; } body * * { padding:0; } body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; } body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; } h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; } h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; } #info { background:#f6f6f6; } #info ul { margin: 0.5em 4em; } #info p, #summary p { padding-top:10px; } #summary { background: #ffc; } #explanation { background:#eee; border-bottom: 0px none; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="summary"> <h1>Forbidden <span>(403)</span></h1> <p>CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.</p> </div> <div id="explanation"> <p><small>More information is available with DEBUG=True.</small></p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">if(!NREUMQ.f){NREUMQ.f=function(){NREUMQ.push(["load",new Date().getTime()]);var e=document.createElement("script");e.type="text/javascript";e.src=(("http:"===document.location.protocol)?"http:":"https:")+"//"+"d1ros97qkrwjf5.cloudfront.net/42/eum/rum.js";document.body.appendChild(e);if(NREUMQ.a)NREUMQ.a();};NREUMQ.a=window.onload;window.onload=NREUMQ.f;};NREUMQ.push(["nrfj","beacon-1.newrelic.com","0e859e0620",778660,"ZAZRbUcHWBAHURFYX11MdUxbBUIKCVxKVVpSDVRWGwtfBwJeAEZRQQYdWkYUUFklQRdXZloGRHRcAlIPA0UEQ1UdE0FWVgNFEDlEDFRH",0,7,new Date().getTime(),"","","","",""])</script></body> </html> They're using a combination of django and pyramid. I've been playing around with this for about two days now but, obviously, have gotten nowhere. Thanks for your help.

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  • Python __subclasses__() not listing subclasses

    - by Mridang Agarwalla
    I cant seem to list all derived classes using the __subclasses__() method. Here's my directory layout: import.py backends __init__.py --digger __init__.py base.py test.py --plugins plugina_plugin.py From import.py i'm calling test.py. test.py in turn iterates over all the files in the plugins directory and loads all of them. test.py looks like this: import os import sys import re sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( __file__ ))))) sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( __file__ ))), 'plugins')) from base import BasePlugin class TestImport: def __init__(self): print 'heeeeello' PLUGIN_DIRECTORY = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( __file__ ))), 'plugins') for filename in os.listdir (PLUGIN_DIRECTORY): # Ignore subfolders if os.path.isdir (os.path.join(PLUGIN_DIRECTORY, filename)): continue else: if re.match(r".*?_plugin\.py$", filename): print ('Initialising plugin : ' + filename) __import__(re.sub(r".py", r"", filename)) print ('Plugin system initialized') print BasePlugin.__subclasses__() The problem us that the __subclasses__() method doesn't show any derived classes. All plugins in the plugins directory derive from a base class in the base.py file. base.py looks like this: class BasePlugin(object): """ Base """ def __init__(self): pass plugina_plugin.py looks like this: from base import BasePlugin class PluginA(BasePlugin): """ Plugin A """ def __init__(self): pass Could anyone help me out with this? Whatm am i doing wrong? I've racked my brains over this but I cant seem to figure it out Thanks.

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  • Fetch wrong SVN credentials with Python

    - by user1029968
    Could anyone here let me know how can I check if provided SVN credentials (username and password) are proper? With pysvn there is callback_get_login parameter but in case credentials are wrong, callback is prompted over and over without any way to cancel this and return failure information. Please let me know how can I (not neccesserily with pysvn) check if provided SVN credentials are okay. Thank you in advance!

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  • Python unicode issues (2.6)

    - by ephemeralis
    I'm currently working on a irc bot for a multi-lingual channel, and I'm encountering some issues with unicode which are proving nearly impossible to solve. No matter what configuration of unicode encoding I seem to try, the list function which the below code sits within just flat out does nothing (c.notice is a class function which sends a NOTICE command to the irc server) or when it does do something, spits out something which obviously isn't encoded. The command should be sending ??, but instead it seems hellbent on sending å¤©å­ with a previous configuration of the same commands. The one I have specified below is of the 'send nothing' variety. I haven't worked with unicode before this, and thus I am quite stuck. I'm also positive that I'm doing this completely wrong as a consequence. (compileCMD just takes a list and spits out a single string of all the elements within the list) uk = self.compileCMD(self.faq.keys(),0) ukeys = unicode(uk,"utf-8").encode("utf-8") c.notice(nick, u"Current list of faq entries: %s" % (uk))

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  • Sphinx - Python modules, classes and functions documentation

    - by user343934
    Hi everyone, I am trying to document my small project through sphinx which im recently trying to get familiar with. I read some tutorials and sphinx documentation but couldn't make it. Setup and configurations are ok! just have problems in using sphinx in a technical way. My table of content should look like this --- Overview .....Contents ----Configuration ....Contents ---- System Requirements .....Contents ---- How to use .....Contents ---- Modules ..... Index ......Display ----Help ......Content Moreover my focus is on Modules with docstrings. Details of Modules are Directory:- c:/wamp/www/project/ ----- Index.py >> Class HtmlTemplate: .... def header(): .... def body(): .... def form(): .... def header(): .... __init_main: ##inline function ----- display.py >> Class MainDisplay: .... def execute(): .... def display(): .... def tree(): .... __init_main: ##inline function My Documentation Directory:- c:/users/abc/Desktop/Documentation/doc/ --- _build --- _static --- _templates --- conf.py --- index.rst I have added Modules directory to the system environment and edited index.rst with following codes just to test Table of content. But i couldn't extract docstring directly Index.rst T-Alignment Documentation The documentation covers general overview of the application covering functionalities and requirements in details. To know how to use application its better to go through the documentation. .. _overview: Overview .. _System Requirement: System Requirement Seq-alignment tools can be used in varied systems base on whether all intermediary applications are available or not like in Windows, Mac, Linux and UNIX. But, it has been tested on the Windows working under a beta version. System Applications Server .. _Configuration:: Configuration Basic steps in configuration involves in following categories Environment variables Apache setting .. _Modules:: Modules How can i continue from here... Moreover, i am just a beginner to sphinx documentation tool I need your suggestions to brings my modules docstring to my documentation page Thanks

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  • Get python tarfile to skip files without read permission

    - by chris
    I'm trying to write a function that backs up a directory with files of different permission to an archive on Windows XP. I'm using the tarfile module to tar the directory. Currently as soon as the program encounters a file that does not have read permissions, it stops giving the error: IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'path to file'. I would like it to instead just skip over the files it cannot read rather than end the tar operation. This is the code I am using now: def compressTar(): """Build and gzip the tar archive.""" folder = 'C:\\Documents and Settings' tar = tarfile.open ("C:\\WINDOWS\\Program\\archive.tar.gz", "w:gz") try: print "Attempting to build a backup archive" tar.add(folder) except: print "Permission denied attempting to create a backup archive" print "Building a limited archive conatining files with read permissions." for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder): for f in files: tar.add(os.path.join(root, f)) for d in dirs: tar.add(os.path.join(root, d))

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  • Types in Python - Google Appengine

    - by Chris M
    Getting a bit peeved now; I have a model and a class thats just storing a get request in the database; basic tracking. class SearchRec(db.Model): WebSite = db.StringProperty()#required=True WebPage = db.StringProperty() CountryNM = db.StringProperty() PrefMailing = db.BooleanProperty() DateStamp = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) IP = db.StringProperty() class AddSearch(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): searchRec = SearchRec() searchRec.WebSite = self.request.get('WEBSITE') searchRec.WebPage = self.request.get('WEBPAGE') searchRec.CountryNM = self.request.get('COUNTRY') searchRec.PrefMailing = bool(self.request.get('MAIL')) searchRec.IP = self.request.get('IP') Bool has my biscuit; I thought that setting bool(self.reque....) would set the type of the string but no matter what I pass it it still stores it as TRUE in the database. I had the same issue with using required=True on strings for the model; the damn thing kept saying that nothing was being passed... but it had. Ta

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  • Logical python question - handling directories and files in them

    - by Konstantin
    Hello! I'm using this function to extract files from .zip archive and store it on the server: def unzip_file_into_dir(file, dir): import sys, zipfile, os, os.path os.makedirs(dir, 0777) zfobj = zipfile.ZipFile(file) for name in zfobj.namelist(): if name.endswith('/'): os.mkdir(os.path.join(dir, name)) else: outfile = open(os.path.join(dir, name), 'wb') outfile.write(zfobj.read(name)) outfile.close() And the usage: unzip_file_into_dir('/var/zips/somearchive.zip', '/var/www/extracted_zip') somearchive.zip have this structure: somearchive.zip 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg or, somethimes, this one: somearchive.zip somedir/ 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg Question is: how do I modify my function, so that my extracted_zip catalog would always contain just images, not images in another subdirectory, even if images are stored in somedir inside an archive.

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  • Python: override __init__ args in __new__

    - by EoghanM
    I have a __new__ method as follows: class MyClass(object): def __new__(cls, *args): new_args = [] args.sort() prev = args.pop(0) while args: next = args.pop(0) if prev.compare(next): prev = prev.combine(next) else: new_args.append(prev) prev = next if some_check(prev): return SomeOtherClass() new_args.append(prev) return super(MyClass, cls).__new__(cls, new_args) def __init__(self, *args): ... However, this fails with a deprecation warning: DeprecationWarning: object.__new__() takes no parameters SomeOtherClass can optionally get created as the args are processed, that's why they are being processed in __new__ and not in __init__ What is the best way to pass new_args to __init__? Otherwise, I'll have to duplicate the processing of args in __init__ (without some_check)

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  • Python Decorators and inheritance

    - by wheaties
    Help a guy out. Can't seem to get a decorator to work with inheritance. Broke it down to the simplest little example in my scratch workspace. Still can't seem to get it working. class bar(object): def __init__(self): self.val = 4 def setVal(self,x): self.val = x def decor(self, func): def increment(self, x): return func( self, x ) + self.val return increment class foo(bar): def __init__(self): bar.__init__(self) @decor def add(self, x): return x Oops, name "decor" is not defined. Okay, how about @bar.decor? TypeError: unbound method "decor" must be called with a bar instance as first argument (got function instance instead) Ok, how about @self.decor? Name "self" is not defined. Ok, how about @foo.decor?! Name "foo" is not defined. AaaaAAaAaaaarrrrgggg... What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to do relative imports in Python?

    - by Joril
    Imagine this directory structure: app/ __init__.py sub1/ __init__.py mod1.py sub2/ __init__.py mod2.py I'm coding mod1, and I need to import something from mod2. How should I do it? I tried from ..sub2 import mod2 but I'm getting an "Attempted relative import in non-package". I googled around but found only "sys.path manipulation" hacks. Isn't there a clean way? Edit: all my __init__.py's are currently empty Edit2: I'm trying to do this because sub2 contains classes that are shared across sub packages (sub1, subX, etc.). Edit3: The behaviour I'm looking for is the same as described in PEP 366 (thanks John B)

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  • Running a Python script outside of Django

    - by geejay
    I have a script which uses the Django ORM features, amongst other external libraries, that I want to run outside of Django (that is, executed from the command-line). Edit: At the moment, I can launch it by navigating to a URL... How do I setup the environment for this?

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  • how to display my list with n amount on each line in Python

    - by user1786698
    im trying to display my list with 7 states on each line here is what i have so far, but it displays as one long string of all the states with quotes around each state. I forgot to mention that this is for my CS class and we havent learned iter yet so we not allowed to use it. the only hint i was given was to to turn STATE_LIST into a string then use '\n' to break it up state = str(STATE_LIST) displaystates = Text(Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_HEIGHT/2), state.split('\n')) displaystates.draw(win) and STATE_LIST looks like this STATE_VOTES = { "AL" : 9, # Alabama "AK" : 3, # Alaska "AZ" : 11, # Arizona "AR" : 6, # Arkansas "CA" : 55, # California "CO" : 9, # Colorado "CT" : 7, # Connecticut "DE" : 3, # Delaware "DC" : 3, # Washington DC "FL" : 29, # Florida "GA" : 16, # Georgia "HI" : 4, # Hawaii "ID" : 4, # Idaho "IL" : 20, # Illinois "IN" : 11, # Indiana "IA" : 6, # Iowa "KS" : 6, # Kansas "KY" : 8, # Kentucky "LA" : 8, # Louisiana "ME" : 4, # Maine "MD" : 10, # Maryland "MA" : 11, # Massachusetts "MI" : 16, # Michigan "MN" : 10, # Minnesota "MS" : 6, # Mississippi "MO" : 10, # Missouri "MT" : 3, # Montana "NE" : 5, # Nebraska "NV" : 6, # Nevada "NH" : 4, # New Hampshire "NJ" : 14, # New Jersey "NM" : 5, # New Mexico "NY" : 29, # New York "NC" : 15, # North Carolina "ND" : 3, # North Dakota "OH" : 18, # Ohio "OK" : 7, # Oklahoma "OR" : 7, # Oregon "PA" : 20, # Pennsylvania "RI" : 4, # Rhode Island "SC" : 9, # South Carolina "SD" : 3, # South Dakota "TN" : 11, # Tennessee "TX" : 38, # Texas "UT" : 6, # Utah "VT" : 3, # Vermont "VA" : 13, # Virginia "WA" : 12, # Washington "WV" : 5, # West Virginia "WI" : 10, # Wisconsin "WY" : 3 # Wyoming } STATE_LIST = sorted(list(STATE_VOTES.keys())) I am trying to get it to look somewhat like this

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  • Python: writing a program to compute the area of a circle and square

    - by user1672504
    I have a question with an assignment. I'm not sure how to write this program and I really need help! Could someone help me with this? This is the assignment: Write a program that asks the user to enter two values: an integer choice and a real number x. If choice is 1, compute and display the area of a circle of radius x. If choice is 2, compute and display the are of a square with sides of length x. If choice is neither 1, nor 2, will display the text Invalid choice. Sample run: Enter choice: 2 Enter x: 8 The area is: 64.0 Sample run: Enter choice: 1 Enter x: 8 The area is: 201.06176 My attempt: choice = input ('Enter Choice:') choice_1 = int (choice) if (choice_1==1): radius = (int) print('Enter x:',radius) pi = 3.14159 area = ( radius ** 2 ) * pi print ( 'The Area is=' , area )

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  • Compute divergence of vector field using python

    - by nyvltak
    Is there a function that could be used for calculation of the divergence of the vectorial field? (in matlab http://www.mathworks.ch/help/techdoc/ref/divergence.html) I would expect it exists in numpy/scipy but I can not find it using google :(. # I need to calculate div[A * grad(F)], where F = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]]) (2D numpy ndarray) A = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[1,2,3,4]]) (2D numpy ndarray) so grad(F) is a set of 2D ndarrays # I know, I can calculate divergence like this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergence#Application_in_Cartesian_coordinates but do not want to reinvent the wheel. (and also I expent there is some optimized function)

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  • Python csv reader acting weird

    - by PylonsN00b
    So OK if I run this wrong code: csvReader1 = csv.reader(file('new_categories.csv', "rU"), delimiter=',') for row1 in csvReader1: print row1[0] print row1[8] category_sku = str(row[8]) if category_sku == sku: classifications["Craft"] = row[0] classifications["Theme"] = row[1] I get: Knitting 391 Traceback (most recent call last): File "upload_all_inventory_ebay.py", line 403, in <module> inventory_item_list = get_item_list(product) File "upload_all_inventory_ebay.py", line 294, in get_item_list category_sku = str(row[8]) NameError: global name 'row' is not defined Where Knitting and 391 are exactly right, of course I need to refer to row[8] as row1[8]...k so I do this: csvReader1 = csv.reader(file('new_categories.csv', "rU"), delimiter=',') for row1 in csvReader1: print row1[0] print row1[8] category_sku = str(row1[8]) if category_sku == sku: classifications["Craft"] = row1[0] classifications["Theme"] = row1[1] And I get this: ........... Crochet 107452 Knitting 107454 Knitting 107455 Knitting 107456 Knitting 107457 Crochet 108200 Crochet 108201 Crochet 108205 Crochet 108213 Crochet 108214 Crochet 108217 108432 Quilt 108451 108482 108488 Scrapbooking 108711 Knitting 122363 Needlework Beading Crafts & Decorating Crochet Crochet Crochet Traceback (most recent call last): File "upload_all_inventory_ebay.py", line 403, in <module> inventory_item_list = get_item_list(product) File "upload_all_inventory_ebay.py", line 292, in get_item_list print row1[0] IndexError: list index out of range Where the output you see there is every effing thing in column 0 and column 1 !!!!!!!!!! Why? And WHY is row1[0] out of range if it wasn't before. YAY Fridays!

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  • ImageChops.duplicate - python

    - by ariel
    Hi I am tring to use the function ImageChops.dulpicate from the PIL module and I get an error I don't understand: this is the code import PIL import Image import ImageChops import os PathDemo4a='C:/Documents and Settings/Ariel/My Documents/My Dropbox/lecture/demo4a' PathDemo4b='C:/Documents and Settings/Ariel/My Documents/My Dropbox/lecture/demo4b' PathDemo4c='C:/Documents and Settings/Ariel/My Documents/My Dropbox/lecture/demo4c' PathBlackBoard='C:/Documents and Settings/Ariel/My Documents/My Dropbox/lecture/BlackBoard.bmp' Slides=os.listdir(PathDemo4a) for slide in Slides: #BB=Image.open(PathBlackBoard) BB=ImageChops.duplicate(PathBlackBoard) #BB=BlackBoard and this is the error; Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ImageChops.duplicate('c:/1.BMP') File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\PIL\ImageChops.py", line 57, in duplicate return image.copy() AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'copy' any help would be much appriciated Ariel

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  • Hierarchy / Flyweight / Instancing Problem in Python

    - by Dan
    Here is the problem I am trying to solve, (I have simplified the actual problem, but this should give you all the relevant information). I have a hierarchy like so: 1.A 1.B 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.F (This is hard to illustrate - each number is the parent, each letter is the child). Creating an instance of the 'letter' objects is expensive (IO, database costs, etc), so should only be done once. The hierarchy needs to be easy to navigate. Children in the hierarchy need to have just one parent. Modifying the contents of the letter objects should be possible directly from the objects in the hierarchy. There needs to be a central store containing all of the 'letter' objects (and only those in the hierarchy). 'letter' and 'number' objects need to be possible to create from a constructor (such as Letter(**kwargs) ). It is perfectably acceptable to expect that when a letter changes from the hierarchy, all other letters will respect the same change. Hope this isn't too abstract to illustrate the problem. What would be the best way of solving this? (Then I'll post my solution) Here's an example script: one = Number('one') a = Letter('a') one.addChild(a) two = Number('two') a = Letter('a') two.addChild(a) for child in one: child.method1() for child in two: print '%s' % child.method2()

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  • MediaFileUpload of HTML in UTF-8 encoding using Python and Google-Drive-SDK

    - by Victoria
    Looking for example using MediaFileUpload has a reference to the basic documentation for creating/uploading a file to Google Drive. However, while I have code that creates files, converting from HTML to Google Doc format. It works perfectly when they contain only ASCII characters, but when I add a non-ASCII character, it fails, with the following traceback: Traceback (most recent call last): File "d:\my\py\ckwort.py", line 949, in <module> rids, worker_documents = analyze( meta, gd ) File "d:\my\py\ckwort.py", line 812, in analyze gd.mkdir( **iy ) File "d:\my\py\ckwort.py", line 205, in mkdir self.create( **( kw['subop'])) File "d:\my\py\ckwort.py", line 282, in create media_body=kw['media_body'], File "D:\my\py\gdrive2\oauth2client\util.py", line 120, in positional_wrapper return wrapped(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\my\py\gdrive2\apiclient\http.py", line 676, in execute headers=self.headers) File "D:\my\py\gdrive2\oauth2client\util.py", line 120, in positional_wrapper return wrapped(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\my\py\gdrive2\oauth2client\client.py", line 420, in new_request redirections, connection_type) File "D:\my\py\gdrive2\httplib2\__init__.py", line 1597, in request (response, content) = self._request(conn, authority, uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey) File "D:\my\py\gdrive2\httplib2\__init__.py", line 1345, in _request (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers) File "D:\my\py\gdrive2\httplib2\__init__.py", line 1282, in _conn_request conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers) File "C:\Python27\lib\httplib.py", line 958, in request self._send_request(method, url, body, headers) File "C:\Python27\lib\httplib.py", line 992, in _send_request self.endheaders(body) File "C:\Python27\lib\httplib.py", line 954, in endheaders self._send_output(message_body) File "C:\Python27\lib\httplib.py", line 812, in _send_output msg += message_body UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 370: ordinal not in range(128) I don't find any parameter to use to specify what file encoding should be used by MediaFileUpload (My files are using UTF-8). Am I missing something?

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