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• Microsoft Application Request Routing with Windows Authentication

  - by theplatz

  I'm running into a problem trying to get Windows Authentication working in an environment that uses Microsoft Application Request Routing and was hoping someone might be able to help. The problem I'm running into is that only some requests are authenticated, while others fail with 401 errors. I have followed the Special Case of Running IIS 7.0 in a Web Farm instructions found at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/webtopics/archive/2009/01/19/service-principal-name-spn-checklist-for-kerberos-authentication-with-iis-7-0.aspx to no avail. My current server setup looks like the following: ARR Two servers set up with IIS shared configuration using IIS 7.5 on Windows 2008 R2 Anonymous authentication turned on for the Default Web Site Web Farm Two servers running IIS 7.5 on Windows 2008 R2 Three web sites set up using port binding to differentiate between virtual hosts. Ports being used are 8000, 8001, and 8002 Application pools for Windows Authentication all use a common domain account SPN added to domain account for http/<virthalhost-name>:<port-number> and http/<virtualhost-name>.<fully-qualified-domain>:<port-number> The IIS logs show the following when authentication is working/failing. If I understand correctly, all requests should show DOMAIN\User_Name: 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/stylesheets/techweb.landing.css - 8002 DOMAIN\User_Name ARR-HOST-1-IP-ADDRESS 200 0 0 62 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/images/user-background-right.gif - 8002 - ARR-HOST-1-IP-ADDRESS 401 2 5 0 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/images/user-background-left.gif - 8002 DOMAIN\User_Name ARR-HOST-IP-ADDRESS 200 0 0 31 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/images/user-icon.png - 8002 - ARR-HOST-1-IP-ADDRESS 401 2 5 0 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/images/user-icon.png - 8002 - ARR-HOST-1-IP-ADDRESS 401 1 2148074248 0 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/images/application-icon.png - 8002 - ARR-HOST-1-IP-ADDRESS 401 1 2148074248 0 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/images/user-background-right.gif - 8002 - ARR-HOST-1-IP-ADDRESS 401 1 3221225581 15 2012-11-19 15:03:17 CLUSTER-IP-ADDRESS GET /home/images/building.gif - 8002 DOMAIN\User_Name ARR-HOST-2-IP-ADDRESS 200 0 0 218 Does anyone know what might cause this problem and how I can resolve it?

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• Virtualbox port forwarding with iptables

  - by jverdeyen

  I'm using a virtualmachine (virtualbox) as mailserver. The host is an Ubuntu 12.04 and the guest is an Ubuntu 10.04 system. At first I forwarded port 25 to 2550 on the host and added a port forward rule in VirtualBox from 2550 to 25 on the guest. This works for all ports needed for the mailserver. The guest has a host only connection and a NAT (with the port-forwarding). My mailserver was receiving and sending mail properly. But all connections are comming from the virtualbox internal ip, so every host connection is allowed, and that's not what I want. So.. I'm trying to skip the VirtualBox forwarding part and just forward port 25 to my host only ip of the guest system. I used these rules: iptables -F iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -j ACCEPT echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d xxx.host.ip.xxx --dport 25 -j DNAT --to 192.168.99.105:25 iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.99.0 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -L -n But after these changes I still can't connect with a simple telnet. (Which was possible with my first solution). The guest machine doesn't have any firewall. I only have one network interface on the host (eth0) and a host interface (vboxnet0). Any suggestions? Or should I go back to my old solution (which I don't really like). Edit: bridge mode isn't an option, I have only on IP available for the moment. Thanks!

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• In Icinga (Nagios), how do I configure hosts with multiple IPs?

  - by gertvdijk

  I'm setting up Icinga (Nagios fork) and I have some machines with multiple interfaces. Some services are only listening on one of them and to check them correctly, I like to know if it's possible to have multiple IP addresses configured for a single host in Icinga. Here's a minimal example: Remote Server: eth0: 1.2.3.4 (public IP) eth1: 10.1.2.3 (private IP, secure tunnel) Apache listening on 1.2.3.4:80. (public only) OpenSSH listening on 10.1.2.3:22. (internal network only) Postfix SMTP listening on 0.0.0.0:25 (all interfaces) Icinga Server: eth0: 10.2.3.4 (private IP, internet access) Now if I define a host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1 alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 10.1.2.3 } This will not check the HTTP status correctly. And defining an additional host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1-public alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 1.2.3.4 } will check everything, but shows up as two independent hosts. Now I want to 'aggregate' these two hosts to show up as a single host, yet providing an easy configuration to check the services on their proper address. What is the most elegant number-of-configuration-lines-saving solution to this? I read about several plugins available to workaround this, but I can't figure out what is the current way to address it. Solutions go back to 2003, but I'm running Icinga 1.7.1, already capable of the address6 option, yet that triggers IPv6-only resolving on the hostname... Ideally, I wish to configure Icinga to be intelligent enough to know that the Postfix instance running on 10.1.2.3:25 is the same as 1.2.3.4:25 and thus not triggering two alarms. I guess this must have been tackled before and sysadmins have it set up now. Please share your solution to this. Thanks! :)

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• trouble running multiple domains on tomcat behind apache via mod_jk

  - by mkoryak

  I am having trouble setting up tomcat6 with 2 virtual hosts, behind apache2. if i have just one host defined in tomcat, and one jk worker, everything works fine. as soon as i define another jk worker and a corresponding tomcat host i get this error in jk.log: 9:3075328656] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (69.164.218.75:8009) (errno=111) [Tue Feb 08 03:08:13 2011] [17159:3075328656] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (dogself) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=111) [Tue Feb 08 03:08:13 2011] [17159:3075328656] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (dogself) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=2) [Tue Feb 08 03:08:13 2011] [17159:3075328656] [error] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2466): (dogself) connecting to tomcat failed. [Tue Feb 08 03:08:13 2011] [17159:3075328656] [info] jk_handler::mod_jk.c (2615): Service error=-3 for worker=dogself my tomcat server.xml looks like this: <Service name="Catalina"> <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" URIEncoding="UTF-8" redirectPort="8443" /> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="dogself.com"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> <Host name="dogself.com" appBase="webapps-dogself" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false"> </Host> <Host name="nousophia.com" appBase="webapps-test" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false"> </Host> </Engine> </Service> my workers.properties looks like this: # workers.properties - ajp13 # # List workers worker.list=dogself,nousophia # Define dogself worker.dogself.port=8009 worker.dogself.host=dogself.com worker.dogself.type=ajp13 worker.nousophia.port=8009 worker.nousophia.host=nousophia.com worker.nousophia.type=ajp13 tomcat is started/restarted i followed these directions for setting it up: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1765399/linking-apache-to-tomcat-with-multiple-domains can someone confirm that it would work as above?

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• ASA access lists and Egress Filtering

  - by Nate

  Hello. I'm trying to learn how to use a cisco ASA firewall, and I don't really know what I'm doing. I'm trying to set up some egress filtering, with the goal of allowing only the minimal amount of traffic out of the network, even if it originated from within the inside interface. In other words, I'm trying to set up dmz_in and inside_in ACLs as if the inside interface is not too trustworthy. I haven't fully grasped all the concepts yet, so I have a few issues. Assume that we're working with three interfaces: inside, outside, and DMZ. Let's say I have a server (X.Y.Z.1) that has to respond to PING, HTTP, SSH, FTP, MySQL, and SMTP. My ACL looks something like this: access-list outside_in extended permit icmp any host X.Y.Z.1 echo-reply access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq www access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ssh access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ftp access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ftp-data established access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq 3306 access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq smtp and I apply it like this: access-group outside_in in interface outside My question is, what can I do for egress filtering? I want to only allow the minimal amount of traffic out. Do I just "reverse" the rules (i.e. the smtp rule becomes access-list inside_out extended permit tcp host X.Y.Z.1 any eq smtp ) and call it a day, or can I further cull my options? What can I safely block? Furthermore, when doing egress filtering, is it enough to apply "inverted" rules to the outside interface, or should I also look into making dmz_in and inside_in acls? I've heard the term "egress filtering" thrown around a lot, but I don't really know what I'm doing. Any pointers towards good resources and reading would also be helpful, most of the ones I've found presume that I know a lot more than I do.

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• Announcing the release of the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 for .NET

  - by ScottGu

  Today we released the v2.1 update of the Windows Azure SDK for .NET.  This is a major refresh of the Windows Azure SDK and it includes some great new features and enhancements. These new capabilities include: Visual Studio 2013 Preview Support: The Windows Azure SDK now supports using the new VS 2013 Preview Visual Studio 2013 VM Image: Windows Azure now has a built-in VM image that you can use to host and develop with VS 2013 in the cloud Visual Studio Server Explorer Enhancements: Redesigned with improved filtering and auto-loading of subscription resources Virtual Machines: Start and Stop VM’s w/suspend billing directly from within Visual Studio Cloud Services: New Emulator Express option with reduced footprint and Run as Normal User support Service Bus: New high availability options, Notification Hub support, Improved VS tooling PowerShell Automation: Lots of new PowerShell commands for automating Web Sites, Cloud Services, VMs and more All of these SDK enhancements are now available to start using immediately and you can download the SDK from the Windows Azure .NET Developer Center.  Visual Studio’s Team Foundation Service (http://tfs.visualstudio.com/) has also been updated to support today’s SDK 2.1 release, and the SDK 2.1 features can now be used with it (including with automated builds + tests). Below are more details on the new features and capabilities released today: Visual Studio 2013 Preview Support Today’s Window Azure SDK 2.1 release adds support for the recent Visual Studio 2013 Preview. The 2.1 SDK also works with Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Studio 2012, and works side by side with the previous Windows Azure SDK 1.8 and 2.0 releases. To install the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 on your local computer, choose the “install the sdk” link from the Windows Azure .NET Developer Center. Then, chose which version of Visual Studio you want to use it with.  Clicking the third link will install the SDK with the latest VS 2013 Preview: If you don’t already have the Visual Studio 2013 Preview installed on your machine, this will also install Visual Studio Express 2013 Preview for Web. Visual Studio 2013 VM Image Hosted in the Cloud One of the requests we’ve heard from several customers has been to have the ability to host Visual Studio within the cloud (avoiding the need to install anything locally on your computer). With today’s SDK update we’ve added a new VM image to the Windows Azure VM Gallery that has Visual Studio Ultimate 2013 Preview, SharePoint 2013, SQL Server 2012 Express and the Windows Azure 2.1 SDK already installed on it.  This provides a really easy way to create a development environment in the cloud with the latest tools. With the recent shutdown and suspend billing feature we shipped on Windows Azure last month, you can spin up the image only when you want to do active development, and then shut down the virtual machine and not have to worry about usage charges while the virtual machine is not in use. You can create your own VS image in the cloud by using the New->Compute->Virtual Machine->From Gallery menu within the Windows Azure Management Portal, and then by selecting the “Visual Studio Ultimate 2013 Preview” template: Visual Studio Server Explorer: Improved Filtering/Management of Subscription Resources With the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 release you’ll notice significant improvements in the Visual Studio Server Explorer. The explorer has been redesigned so that all Windows Azure services are now contained under a single Windows Azure node.  From the top level node you can now manage your Windows Azure credentials, import a subscription file or filter Server Explorer to only show services from particular subscriptions or regions. Note: The Web Sites and Mobile Services nodes will appear outside the Windows Azure Node until the final release of VS 2013. If you have installed the ASP.NET and Web Tools Preview Refresh, though, the Web Sites node will appear inside the Windows Azure node even with the VS 2013 Preview. Once your subscription information is added, Windows Azure services from all your subscriptions are automatically enumerated in the Server Explorer. You no longer need to manually add services to Server Explorer individually. This provides a convenient way of viewing all of your cloud services, storage accounts, service bus namespaces, virtual machines, and web sites from one location: Subscription and Region Filtering Support Using the Windows Azure node in Server Explorer, you can also now filter your Windows Azure services in the Server Explorer by the subscription or region they are in.  If you have multiple subscriptions but need to focus your attention to just a few subscription for some period of time, this a handy way to hide the services from other subscriptions view until they become relevant. You can do the same sort of filtering by region. To enable this, just select “Filter Services” from the context menu on the Windows Azure node: Then choose the subscriptions and/or regions you want to filter by. In the below example, I’ve decided to show services from my pay-as-you-go subscription within the East US region: Visual Studio will then automatically filter the items that show up in the Server Explorer appropriately: With storage accounts and service bus namespaces, you sometimes need to work with services outside your subscription. To accommodate that scenario, those services allow you to attach an external account (from the context menu). You’ll notice that external accounts have a slightly different icon in server explorer to indicate they are from outside your subscription. Other Improvements We’ve also improved the Server Explorer by adding additional properties and actions to the service exposed. You now have access to most of the properties on a cloud service, deployment slot, role or role instance as well as the properties on storage accounts, virtual machines and web sites. Just select the object of interest in Server Explorer and view the properties in the property pane. We also now have full support for creating/deleting/update storage tables, blobs and queues from directly within Server Explorer.  Simply right-click on the appropriate storage account node and you can create them directly within Visual Studio: Virtual Machines: Start/Stop within Visual Studio Virtual Machines now have context menu actions that allow you start, shutdown, restart and delete a Virtual Machine directly within the Visual Studio Server Explorer. The shutdown action enables you to shut down the virtual machine and suspend billing when the VM is not is use, and easily restart it when you need it: This is especially useful in Dev/Test scenarios where you can start a VM – such as a SQL Server – during your development session and then shut it down / suspend billing when you are not developing (and no longer be billed for it). You can also now directly remote desktop into VMs using the “Connect using Remote Desktop” context menu command in VS Server Explorer.  Cloud Services: Emulator Express with Run as Normal User Support You can now launch Visual Studio and run your cloud services locally as a Normal User (without having to elevate to an administrator account) using a new Emulator Express option included as a preview feature with this SDK release.  Emulator Express is a version of the Windows Azure Compute Emulator that runs a restricted mode – one instance per role – and it doesn’t require administrative permissions and uses 40% less resources than the full Windows Azure Emulator. Emulator Express supports both web and worker roles. To run your application locally using the Emulator Express option, simply change the following settings in the Windows Azure project. On the shortcut menu for the Windows Azure project, choose Properties, and then choose the Web tab. Check the setting for IIS (Internet Information Services). Make sure that the option is set to IIS Express, not the full version of IIS. Emulator Express is not compatible with full IIS. On the Web tab, choose the option for Emulator Express. Service Bus: Notification Hubs With the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 release we are adding support for Windows Azure Notification Hubs as part of our official Windows Azure SDK, inside of Microsoft.ServiceBus.dll (previously the Notification Hub functionality was in a preview assembly). You are now able to create, update and delete Notification Hubs programmatically, manage your device registrations, and send push notifications to all your mobile clients across all platforms (Windows Store, Windows Phone 8, iOS, and Android). Learn more about Notification Hubs on MSDN here, or watch the Notification Hubs //BUILD/ presentation here. Service Bus: Paired Namespaces One of the new features included with today’s Windows Azure SDK 2.1 release is support for Service Bus “Paired Namespaces”.  Paired Namespaces enable you to better handle situations where a Service Bus service namespace becomes unavailable (for example: due to connectivity issues or an outage) and you are unable to send or receive messages to the namespace hosting the queue, topic, or subscription. Previously,to handle this scenario you had to manually setup separate namespaces that can act as a backup, then implement manual failover and retry logic which was sometimes tricky to get right. Service Bus now supports Paired Namespaces, which enables you to connect two namespaces together. When you activate the secondary namespace, messages are stored in the secondary queue for delivery to the primary queue at a later time. If the primary container (namespace) becomes unavailable for some reason, automatic failover enables the messages in the secondary queue. For detailed information about paired namespaces and high availability, see the new topic Asynchronous Messaging Patterns and High Availability. Service Bus: Tooling Improvements In this release, the Windows Azure Tools for Visual Studio contain several enhancements and changes to the management of Service Bus messaging entities using Visual Studio’s Server Explorer. The most noticeable change is that the Service Bus node is now integrated into the Windows Azure node, and supports integrated subscription management. Additionally, there has been a change to the code generated by the Windows Azure Worker Role with Service Bus Queue project template. This code now uses an event-driven “message pump” programming model using the QueueClient.OnMessage method. PowerShell: Tons of New Automation Commands Since my last blog post on the previous Windows Azure SDK 2.0 release, we’ve updated Windows Azure PowerShell (which is a separate download) five times. You can find the full change log here. We’ve added new cmdlets in the following areas: China instance and Windows Azure Pack support Environment Configuration VMs Cloud Services Web Sites Storage SQL Azure Service Bus China Instance and Windows Azure Pack We now support the following cmdlets for the China instance and Windows Azure Pack, respectively: China Instance: Web Sites, Service Bus, Storage, Cloud Service, VMs, Network Windows Azure Pack: Web Sites, Service Bus We will have full cmdlet support for these two Windows Azure environments in PowerShell in the near future. Virtual Machines: Stop/Start Virtual Machines Similar to the Start/Stop VM capability in VS Server Explorer, you can now stop your VM and suspend billing: If you want to keep the original behavior of keeping your stopped VM provisioned, you can pass in the -StayProvisioned switch parameter. Virtual Machines: VM endpoint ACLs We’ve added and updated a bunch of cmdlets for you to configure fine-grained network ACL on your VM endpoints. You can use the following cmdlets to create ACL config and apply them to a VM endpoint: New-AzureAclConfig Get-AzureAclConfig Set-AzureAclConfig Remove-AzureAclConfig Add-AzureEndpoint -ACL Set-AzureEndpoint –ACL The following example shows how to add an ACL rule to an existing endpoint of a VM. Other improvements for Virtual Machine management includes Added -NoWinRMEndpoint parameter to New-AzureQuickVM and Add-AzureProvisioningConfig to disable Windows Remote Management Added -DirectServerReturn parameter to Add-AzureEndpoint and Set-AzureEndpoint to enable/disable direct server return Added Set-AzureLoadBalancedEndpoint cmdlet to modify load balanced endpoints Cloud Services: Remote Desktop and Diagnostics Remote Desktop and Diagnostics are popular debugging options for Cloud Services. We’ve introduced cmdlets to help you configure these two Cloud Service extensions from Windows Azure PowerShell. Windows Azure Cloud Services Remote Desktop extension: New-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtensionConfig Get-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtension Set-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtension Remove-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtension Windows Azure Cloud Services Diagnostics extension New-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtensionConfig Get-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtension Set-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtension Remove-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtension The following example shows how to enable Remote Desktop for a Cloud Service. Web Sites: Diagnostics With our last SDK update, we introduced the Get-AzureWebsiteLog –Tail cmdlet to get the log streaming of your Web Sites. Recently, we’ve also added cmdlets to configure Web Site application diagnostics: Enable-AzureWebsiteApplicationDiagnostic Disable-AzureWebsiteApplicationDiagnostic The following 2 examples show how to enable application diagnostics to the file system and a Windows Azure Storage Table: SQL Database Previously, you had to know the SQL Database server admin username and password if you want to manage the database in that SQL Database server. Recently, we’ve made the experience much easier by not requiring the admin credential if the database server is in your subscription. So you can simply specify the -ServerName parameter to tell Windows Azure PowerShell which server you want to use for the following cmdlets. Get-AzureSqlDatabase New-AzureSqlDatabase Remove-AzureSqlDatabase Set-AzureSqlDatabase We’ve also added a -AllowAllAzureServices parameter to New-AzureSqlDatabaseServerFirewallRule so that you can easily add a firewall rule to whitelist all Windows Azure IP addresses. Besides the above experience improvements, we’ve also added cmdlets get the database server quota and set the database service objective. Check out the following cmdlets for details. Get-AzureSqlDatabaseServerQuota Get-AzureSqlDatabaseServiceObjective Set-AzureSqlDatabase –ServiceObjective Storage and Service Bus Other new cmdlets include Storage: CRUD cmdlets for Azure Tables and Queues Service Bus: Cmdlets for managing authorization rules on your Service Bus Namespace, Queue, Topic, Relay and NotificationHub Summary Today’s release includes a bunch of great features that enable you to build even better cloud solutions.  All the above features/enhancements are shipped and available to use immediately as part of the 2.1 release of the Windows Azure SDK for .NET. If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using all of the above features today.  Then visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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• How do I get my Apache virtual hosts working?

  - by elliot100

  I'm trying to set up virtual hosts for local development and can't seem to get it working. I have this in my httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost * <VirtualHost *> ServerName localhost DocumentRoot C:/Users/Elliot/dev/UniServer/www </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *> ServerName drupal.dev DocumentRoot C:/Users/Elliot/dev/UniServer/www/drupal.dev/httpdocs </VirtualHost> and this in C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.0.1 drupal.dev http://localhost resolves OK, http://drupal.dev/ does not. Any ideas welcomed...

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• Why don't I have write permission to my vmware virtual network device?

  - by Robert Martin

  I want to allow my VMWare machine to force the virtual network it's on into promiscuous mode so I can play around with honeyd. I received an error message that told me to go to http://vmware.com/info?id=161 to allow this behavior. Based on their advice, I did: $ groupadd promiscuous $ cat /etc/group | grep promiscuous promiscuous:x:1002:robert $ usermod -a -G promiscuous robert $ id robert uid=1000(robert) gid=1000(robert) groups=1000(robert),....,1002(promiscuous) $ chgrp newgroup /dev/vmnet8 $ chmod g+rw /dev/vmnet8 $ ls -l /dev/vmnet8 crw-rw---- 1 root promiscuous 119, 8 2012-03-29 10:29 /dev/vmnet8 Looks like I gave RW permission to the promiscuous group, and added myself. Except that VMWare still gives me an error message that says I cannot enter promiscuous mode. To try out the group thing, I tried: $ echo "1" >/dev/vmnet8 bash: /dev/vmnet8: Permission denied That really surprised me: It makes me think that I still haven't properly given myself the correct permissions... What am I missing?

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• What is the difference betweeen "Network install" and "Network Boot" options in virt-manager when installing a new virtual machine

  - by Marwan

  From my understanding of PXE (Preboot Execution Environment), I know that there must be some negotiation first between the booting client and a DHCP server to obtain network parameters (IP address, etc) in order for the client to be able to fetch the boot loader and kernel image from the boot server. In other words, and aside from being a "virtual" machine, we're talking here about a "bare metal" machine, so there must be some "pre boot" mechanism for those negotiations to take place, and this is exactly what PXE is all about. When I think about the "Network install" option, I can't figure out how the new VM would be able to fetch the boot images (bootloader and kernel) without the previously mentioned mechanism. So, here is a short version of the question: When provisioning a new virtul machine, how do you expect the "Network install" option in virt-manager to work behind the scenes? Many thanks.

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• Can I provision half a core as a virtual CPU?

  - by ramdaz

  I am virtualization newbie. Please advise on these questions. Please note using a commercial VM software like Citrix or VMware is not a choice for me. I have at my disposal a couple of 2x 4 core servers with 32 GB RAM. I need to create 16 VMs on each server to test some web applications. Can I provision half a core as a virtual CPU for each VM? To my best knowledge I can't do so on Xen. Is it possible on KVM or some other free open source VM solution? If it's not possible to assign half a core, how do I ensure that uniform processing power is available for all VMs? Since the job is to create separate instances for hosting 16 web apps in a physical server, do you recommend setting up a private cloud using Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud as a better option? Is there HA solution under KVM, like Remus for Xen?

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• Best way to keep a MS DOS application alive? (Virtual MS DOS)

  - by user11010

  Hi, I have a good old DOS application which is still required to run. Unfortunately the PC is dying and needs to be replaced. The PC was running Windows 98 and the software was executed in a MS Dos Command line. When we would order a new PC you would at least get a Windows XP which has the Win 2000 (NT) Kernel and is not DOS based. Now I need a strategy to be able to run a that DOS application on a new age PC. What I was thinking is to buy a standard office box and have a virtual PC or VMware setup which is running MS DOS and my DOS application? Would this be a way to go? Any concerns? What about 16Bit/32Bit… So any opinion, experiances or tip would be great …. Thanks

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• Why won't vsftpd let me log in with a virtual user account?

  - by Ramon

  I would like to use vsftpd with virtual users and pam_pwdfile.so. I installed vsftpd and added two users (ramon and dragon) via htpasswd to my file /etc/vsftpd.passwd. The /etc/pam.d/vsftpd is configured to use this file. auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed auth required pam_pwdfile.so pwdfile /etc/vsftpd.passwd account required pam_permit.so @include common-account @include common-session The user "ramon" is also available in /etc/passwd. A login to the ftp with the user "ramon" works as expected. But a login using "dragon" does not :/ The result is always Login failed: 530 Login incorrect. Since it's possible that I made a mistake I tried the exact way documented in /usr/share/doc/vsftpd/examples/VIRTUAL_USERS/README. Still no luck. I can login with the user "ramon", but not with the user "dragon". Any ideas?

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• When trying to copy a virtual disk in VMware vSphere client, I get an errror.

  - by Zak

  I'm pretty new to all the VMware world, so this is probably mainly a question about the right set of documentation to look at. I'm trying to clone/copy a VM that I installed on an ESXi installation. I was trying to follow along with the top example here: http://serverfault.com/questions/16320/is-there-a-way-to-clone-an-existing-vm-on-an-esxi-server-without-having-to-re-imp However, I'm using the vSphere client to connect to the ESXi box and manage it, and the vSphere client is telling me it won't let me rename the vmdk file. The real answer I want is how do I clone the VM I installed if I want to spin up 5 copies. Is there another utility I can use to copy the vmdk file, then create a new virtual machine using it? Any idea why they nerfed the feature in vSphere client?

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• Can a virtual mikrotik box bridge a hyper-v internal network with a hyper-v external network?

  - by mcfrosty

  I am trying to set up a Mikrotik router as a transparent firewall on my network. I got the machine working on a hardware MT box, but my boss wants the MT virtualized. I have been trying the set up where my virtual windows box talks to the Mikrotik via private or internal network on the Hyper-V host. I can get the two machines to talk, but as soon as I set up a bridge on the MT, all traffic ceases between the two. Is it possible to create a bridge for this purpose (having the MT silently in front of my firewalled server)? I could really use some help.

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• Howto return to virtual machine when remote desktop hangs?

  - by tangens

  I'm using a vmware virtual machine running ubuntu linux and from there I connect to a Windows XP machine using rdesktop through a VPN tunnel. This configuration is given and cannot be changed. From time to time my internet connection does a reconnect. Then the running rdesktop (running in fullscreen mode) process freezes and isn't usable anymore. Now I want to return to the underlying linux and restart the rdesktop process. But I'm not able to get out of fullscreen rdesktop mode and so I cannot access the ubuntu desktop to kill any process. My solution is to reboot the vmware and start the rdesktop again. Is there a better way to get the configuration running again after a freeze? EDIT: I have no admin rights for the linux system. Everything must be done with user rights.

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• Virtualmin - Added Virtual Server - Stopped access to Rails app?

  - by Dan

  Hi, Sorry if this sounds pretty simple, I'm new to Virtualmin and running servers in general. I recently purchased a VPS and installed Virtualmin with no problems. I then installed mod_rails and uploaded my first rails app, which I got working by adding the following to my apache httpd.conf file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName testing.mydomain.com DocumentRoot /home/myapp/public <Directory /home/myapp/public> Allow from All AllowOverride all Options -MultiViews </Directory> RailsBaseURI / </VirtualHost> I then tried adding a virtual server through Virtualmin, using mydomain.com. Now, the site this created (plus several sub-servers) and working as expected. However, my original Rails app is no longer accessible. The URL now sends me to the parent application (ie mydomain.com) The Rails app is not located within the parent's application directory, would this be a problem? Can anyone help? Any advice appreciated. Thanks.

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• Virtual Box Networking; How to configure bridged networking on Windows 7

  - by Krist van Besien

  I have VirtualBox on Windows 7. I have two virtual machines running RHEL, that work fine when the network is set to NAT. However I want to change the network adapters for the VM's to bridged in stead of NAT. However when I go in to the VM configuration, and select bridged I also need to select an adapter, but there is nothing to select. Apparently I need to install a separate driver/filter on the network adapter. However I don't know where to start. I reinstalled VirtualBox (latest version) but did not see an option to install such driver. What should I do?

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• Possible to use LVM partitions inside a vmbuilder created KVM virtual machine?

  - by Tauren

  I have an Ubuntu 9.10 host system with LVM partitions running KVM. I've been creating VMs using vmbuilder using LVM partitions for each VM instead of files for the VMs. When I configure a VM using vmbuilder --part, the partitions in the file I'm using are created as regular partitions (sda1, sda2, etc.). What I'd like to do is use LVM inside of the VM in case I need to resize the partitions at some point. But I don't see any options for doing that using the vmbuilder tool. It seems like this might be a common request to avoid using kpartx, etc. Is there something I'm missing, or is this just not possible with vmbuilder?

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• How to vertically split widescreen into two virtual workspaces on ubuntu/gnome?

  - by David

  My new laptop has a big 16:9 screen, and I'm finding it hard to fully utilize it during the 95% of the time that I'm not watching HD movies on it. I'd like to set it up as a kind of virtual dual screen by splitting the physical screen into two workspaces. I know I could arrange my windows manually, but I'd like to be able to maximize a window and have it only consume half the monitor, and have its pop up dialogs centered on its half-screen, that sort of thing. Is there some kind of plug in available to do this? Thanks in advance for any pointers.

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• How many virtual processors or cores should I assign to my Guest OS?

  - by reidLinden

  I've just received an upgraded Host machine, and am looking to push some of those advances to my workstations Guest OS(s). In particular, I used to have a single processor, with 2 cores, so my Guest OS only had 1/1. Now, I've got a single processor with 8 cores, so I'm curious about what would be recommended for my Guest OS now? 1 processor/4 cores? 2 processors/2 cores? 4 processors/1 core? My instinct says to stick with the number of physical processors (or less), but, is that based on reality? I spent a good while looking for an answer to this, but perhaps my google-karma isn't in my favor today.

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• OEM to Virtual Machine for Diaster Recovery / Business Continuity.

  - by James

  Hello, We are trying to deploy a Business Continuity Appliance (Zenith BDR) for a customer and one of the features is the ability to bring up the failed server in a virtual machine on the appliance. Great feature. However, the customer has OEM version of Server 2003 on that server and it comes up requiring immediate re-activation since it is now on different hardware. We would be happy with a 2-3 day grace period which is what we expected, but this isn't happening. What are the solutions without having to purchase another VLK copy of Server 2008 and re-installing the server with that license just so we can set this thing up.

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• Nginx. How do I reject request to unlisted ssl virtual server?

  - by Osw

  I have a wildcard SSL certificate and several subdomains on the same ip. Now I want my nginx to handle only mentioned server names and drop connection for others so that it'd look like nginx is not running for unlisted server names (not responding, rejecting, dead, not a single byte in response). I do the following ssl_certificate tls/domain.crt; ssl_certificate_key tls/domain.key; server { listen 1.2.3.4:443 ssl; server_name validname.domain.com; // } server { listen 1.2.3.4:443 ssl; server_name _; // deny all; // return 444; // return 404; //location { // deny all; //} } I've tried almost everything in the last server block, but no success. I get either valid response from known virtual server or error code. Please help.

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• Is it possible to set the name of the current virtual desktop via commandline?

  - by Dave Vogt

  The utility wmctrl has the possiblity to list the names of all virtual desktops: % wmctrl -d 0 - DG: 3360x1200 VP: 0,0 WA: 0,0 3360x1199 Mail / Comm 1 * DG: 3360x1200 VP: 0,0 WA: 0,0 3360x1199 Web / Docs 2 - DG: 3360x1200 VP: 0,0 WA: 0,0 3360x1199 A 3 - DG: 3360x1200 VP: 0,0 WA: 0,0 3360x1199 B I would like to be able to change, from the commandline, the name of the current desktop to something else. This is possible by using some pagers, for example, but I couldn't find out how to do it from the command line. Update: the xprop utility seems to be able to set the desktop names, but I could not figure out the exact format to do so, yet: % xprop -root -f _NET_DESKTOP_NAMES 8s -set _NET_DESKTOP_NAMES asdf % xprop -root _NET_DESKTOP_NAMES _NET_DESKTOP_NAMES(UTF8_STRING) = "asdf", "Web / Docs", "A"

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• How to use ssl_verify_client=ON on one virtual server and ssl_verify_client=OFF on another?

  - by Alexander Artemenko

  I want to force ssl client verification for on of my virtual hosts. But get "No required SSL certificate was sent" error, trying to GET something from it. Here are my test configs: # defaults ssl_certificate /etc/certs/server.cer; ssl_certificate_key /etc/certs/privkey-server.pem; ssl_client_certificate /etc/certs/allcas.pem; server { listen 1443 ssl; server_name server1.example.com; root /tmp/root/server1; ssl_verify_client off; } server { listen 1443 ssl; server_name server2.example.com; root /tmp/root/server2; ssl_verify_client on; } First server replies with 200 http code, but second returns "400 Bad Request, No required SSL certificate was sent, nginx/1.0.4". Probably, it is implossible to use ssl_verify_client on the same IP? Should I bind these servers to different IPs, will it solve my problem?

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• Azure Linux Virtual Machines Price per Hour, Computation or Running?

  - by Arjun Bajaj

  first of all, I couldn't find a StackExchange site on Cloud Computing. I think this is the most appropriate site, because some of you might be using Azure. So I just wanted to know: The Windows Azure Pricing Page shows Linux Virtual Machine Price as $0.013/hr for an extra small VM. The monthly price comes up to about $10. Is this price charged as number of hours of computation done on the VM or number of hours of running the VM? And if I shutdown the VM, will I be charged anything?

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