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  • Assign variable with variable in function

    - by freakazo
    Let's say we have def Foo(Bar=0,Song=0): print(Bar) print(Song) And I want to assign any one of the two parameters in the function with the variable sing and SongVal: Sing = Song SongVal = 2 So that it can be run like: Foo(Sing=SongVal) Where Sing would assign the Song parameter to the SongVal which is 2. The result should be printed like so: 0 2 So should I rewrite my function or is it possible to do it the way I want to? (With the code above you get an error saying Foo has no parameter Sing. Which I understand why, any way to overcome this without rewriting the function too much? Thanks in advance!

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  • Python: how to run several scripts (or functions) at the same time under windows 7 multicore processor 64bit

    - by Gianni
    sorry for this question because there are several examples in Stackoverflow. I am writing in order to clarify some of my doubts because I am quite new in Python language. i wrote a function: def clipmyfile(inFile,poly,outFile): ... # doing something with inFile and poly and return outFile Normally I do this: clipmyfile(inFile="File1.txt",poly="poly1.shp",outFile="res1.txt") clipmyfile(inFile="File2.txt",poly="poly2.shp",outFile="res2.txt") clipmyfile(inFile="File3.txt",poly="poly3.shp",outFile="res3.txt") ...... clipmyfile(inFile="File21.txt",poly="poly21.shp",outFile="res21.txt") I had read in this example Run several python programs at the same time and i can use (but probably i wrong) from multiprocessing import Pool p = Pool(21) # like in your example, running 21 separate processes to run the function in the same time and speed my analysis I am really honest to say that I didn't understand the next step. Thanks in advance for help and suggestion Gianni

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  • Invoking a superclass's class methods in Python

    - by LeafStorm
    I am working on a Flask extension that adds CouchDB support to Flask. To make it easier, I have subclassed couchdb.mapping.Document so the store and load methods can use the current thread-local database. Right now, my code looks like this: class Document(mapping.Document): # rest of the methods omitted for brevity @classmethod def load(cls, id, db=None): return mapping.Document.load(cls, db or g.couch, id) I left out some for brevity, but that's the important part. However, due to the way classmethod works, when I try to call this method, I receive the error message File "flaskext/couchdb.py", line 187, in load return mapping.Document.load(cls, db or g.couch, id) TypeError: load() takes exactly 3 arguments (4 given) I tested replacing the call with mapping.Document.load.im_func(cls, db or g.couch, id), and it works, but I'm not particularly happy about accessing the internal im_ attributes (even though they are documented). Does anyone have a more elegant way to handle this?

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  • Fastest way to find the rotation of a vector

    - by kriss
    I have two 2D vectors, say u and v, defined by cartesian coordinates. Imagine that vectors are needles of a clock. I'm looking for the fastest way to find out, using python, if v is after or before u (or in other words find out in wich half plane is v, regarding to position of u). For the purpose of the problem if vectors are aligned answer should be before. It seems easy using some trigonometry, but I believe there should be a faster way using coordinates only. My test case: def after(u, v): """code here""" after((4,2), (6, 1)) : True after((4,2), (3, 3)) : False after((4,2), (2, 1)) : False after((4,2), (3, -3)) : True after((4,2), (-2, -5)) : True after((4,2), (-4, -2)) : False

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  • Setting up restful routes as a total newb

    - by Trip
    I'm getting the following error: Unknown action No action responded to show. Actions: activate, destroy, index, org_deals, search, and suspend Controller: class Admin::HomepagesController < Admin::ApplicationController def org_deals @organization = Organization.find(:all) end Routes: admin.resources :organizations, :collection => {:search => :get}, :member => {:suspend => :get, :activate => :get} To note: This is a controller inside of a controller. Any ideas why this is?

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  • Is it inefficient to access a python class member container in a loop statement?

    - by Dave
    Hi there. I'm trying to adopt some best practices to keep my python code efficient. I've heard that accessing a member variable inside of a loop can incur a dictionary lookup for every iteration of the loop, so I cache these in local variables to use inside the loop. My question is about the loop statement itself... if I have the following class: class A(object): def init(self) self.myList = [ 'a','b','c', 'd', 'e' ] Does the following code in a member function incur one, or one-per-loop-iteration (5) dictionary lookups? for letter in self.myList: print letter IE, should I adopt the following pattern, if I am concerned about efficiency... localList = self.myList for letter in localList: print letter or is that actually LESS efficient due to the local variable assign? Note, I am aware that early optimization is a dangerous pitfall if I'm concerned about the overall efficiency of code development. Here I am specifically asking about the efficiency of the code, not the coding. Thanks in advance! D

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  • Copy and pasting code into the Python interpreter

    - by wpeters
    There is a snippet of code that I would like to copy and paste into my Python interpreter. Unfortunately due to Python's sensitivity to whitespace it is not straightforward to copy and paste it a way that makes sense. (I think the whitespace gets mangled) Is there a better way? Maybe I can load the snippet from a file. This is just an small example but if there is a lot of code I would like to avoid typing everything from the definition of the function or copy and pasting line by line. class bcolors: HEADER = '\033[95m' OKBLUE = '\033[94m' OKGREEN = '\033[92m' WARNING = '\033[93m' FAIL = '\033[91m' ENDC = '\033[0m' def disable(self): self.HEADER = '' # I think stuff gets mangled because of the extra level of indentation self.OKBLUE = '' self.OKGREEN = '' self.WARNING = '' self.FAIL = '' self.ENDC = ''

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  • Django: automatically import MEDIA_URL in context

    - by pistacchio
    Hi, like exposed here, one can set a MEDIA_URL in settings.py (for example i'm pointing to Amazon S3) and serve the files in the view via {{ MEDIA_URL }}. Since MEDIA_URL is not automatically in the context, one have to manually add it to the context, so, for example, the following works: #views.py from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.template import RequestContext def test(request): return render_to_response('test.html', {}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) This means that in each view.py file i have to add from django.template import RequestContext and in each response i have to explicitly specify context_instance=RequestContext(request). Is there a way to automatically (DRY) add MEDIA_URL to the default context? Thanks in advance.

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  • Django startup importing causes reverse to happen

    - by nicknack
    This might be an isolated problem, but figured I'd ask in case someone has thoughts on a graceful approach to address it. Here's the setup: -------- views.py -------- from django.http import HttpResponse import shortcuts def mood_dispatcher(request): mood = magic_function_to_guess_my_mood(request) return HttpResponse('Please go to %s' % shortcuts.MOODS.get(mood, somedefault)) ------------ shortcuts.py ------------ MOODS = # expensive load that causes a reverse to happen The issue is that shortcuts.py causes an exception to be thrown when a reverse is attempted before django is done building the urls. However, views.py doesn't yet need to import shortcuts.py (used only when mood_dispatcher is actually called). Obvious initial solutions are: 1) Import shortcuts inline (just not very nice stylistically) 2) Make shortcuts.py build MOODS lazily (just more work) What I ideally would like is to be able to say, at the top of views.py, "import shortcuts except when loading urls"

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  • Importing a DllMain winapi .dll into Visual Studio project C++

    - by Bad Man
    I have the .def file, .lib file, the .dll, the source files. It's using WINAPI DllMain, all its functions follow that. It's like this: BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HANDLE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved ) { return TRUE; } extern "C" { int WINAPI DoSomething() { return -1; } int WINAPI DOSOMETHIGNELSE!() { return 202020; } }; IN the project settings linker I added the .lib file. There is no header file for the actual functions in the extern "C" part. I include windows.h try to call DoSomething() but doesnt know what it is.

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  • In Python, are there builtin functions for elementwise boolean operators over boolean lists?

    - by bshanks
    For example, if you have n lists of bools of the same length, then elementwise boolean AND should return another list of that length that has True in those positions where all the input lists have True, and False everywhere else. It's pretty easy to write, i just would prefer to use a builtin if one exists (for the sake of standardization/readability). Here's an implementation of elementwise AND: def eAnd(*args): return [all(tuple) for tuple in zip(*args)] example usage: >>> eAnd([True, False, True, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True]) [True, False, False, False, True] thx

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  • Killing a script launched in a Process via os.system()

    - by L.J.
    I have a python script which launches several processes. Each process basically just calls a shell script: from multiprocessing import Process import os import logging def thread_method(n = 4): global logger command = "~/Scripts/run.sh " + str(n) + " >> /var/log/mylog.log" if (debug): logger.debug(command) os.system(command) I launch several of these threads, which are meant to run in the background. I want to have a timeout on these threads, such that if it exceeds the timeout, they are killed: t = [] for x in range(10): try: t.append(Process(target=thread_method, args=(x,) ) ) t[-1].start() except Exception as e: logger.error("Error: unable to start thread") logger.error("Error message: " + str(e)) logger.info("Waiting up to 60 seconds to allow threads to finish") t[0].join(60) for n in range(len(t)): if t[n].is_alive(): logger.info(str(n) + " is still alive after 60 seconds, forcibly terminating") t[n].terminate() The problem is that calling terminate() on the process threads isn't killing the launched run.sh script - it continues running in the background until I either force kill it from the command line, or it finishes internally. Is there a way to have terminate also kill the subshell created by os.system()?

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  • Error 500 on template.render() with jinja2

    - by Asperitas
    I am working on playing with some Python to create a webapp. At first I put the HTML in a string, using %s to fill certain elements. That all worked perfectly. Now I want to put the HTML in a template, so I followed this tutorial. My code looks like this (I deleted irrelevant code for this error): import codecs import cgi import os import jinja2 jinja_environment = jinja2.Environment(loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__)))) class Rot13Handler(webapp2.RequestHandler): def get(self): template = jinja_environment.get_template('rot13.html') self.response.out.write(template.render({'text': ''})) When I replace just template.render({'text': ''}) a random string, the program works fine. I did add the latest jinja2 library to my app.yaml, and naturally my rot13.html does exist with the {{ text }} added. So could anyone please help me in the right direction? I don't know why it's going wrong.

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  • Python unittest with expensive setup

    - by Staale
    My test file is basically: class Test(unittest.TestCase): def testOk(): pass if __name__ == "__main__": expensiveSetup() try: unittest.main() finally: cleanUp() However, I do wish to run my test through Netbeans testing tools, and to do that I need unittests that don't rely on an environment setup done in main. Looking at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/402483/caching-result-of-setup-using-python-unittest - it recommends using Nose. However, I don't think Netbeans supports this. I didn't find any information indicating that it does. Additionally, I am the only one here actually writing tests, so I don't want to introduce additional dependencies for the other 2 developers unless they are needed. How can I do the setup and cleanup once for all the tests in my TestSuite? The expensive setup here is creating some files with dummy data, as well as setting up and tearing down a simple xml-rpc server. I also have 2 test classes, one testing locally and one testing all methods over xml-rpc.

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  • Prevent Session from being created In some cases

    - by Jean Barmash
    In my app, I have an external monitor that pings the app ever few minutes and measures its uptime / response time Every time the monitor connects, a new server session is created, so when I look at the number of sessions, it's always a minimum of 15, even during times where there are no actual users. I tried to address this with putting the session creation code into a filter, but that doesn't seem to do it - I guess session automatically gets created when the user opens the first page? all() { before = { if (actionName=='signin') { def session = request.session //creates session if not exists } } } I can configure the monitor to pass in a paramter if I need to (i.e. http://servername.com/?nosession, but not sure how to make sure the session isn't created.

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  • Ruby: rules for implicit hashes

    - by flyer
    Why second output shows me only one element of Array? Is it still Array or Hash already? def printArray(arr) arr.each { | j | k, v = j.first printf("%s %s %s \n", k, v, j) } end print "Array 1\n" printArray( [ {kk: { 'k1' => 'v1' }}, {kk: { 'k2' => 'v2' }}, {kk: { 'k3' => 'v3' }}, ]) print "Array 2\n" printArray( [ kk: { 'k1' => 'v1' }, kk: { 'k2' => 'v2' }, kk: { 'k3' => 'v3' }, ]) exit # Output: # # Array 1 # kk {"k1"=>"v1"} {:kk=>{"k1"=>"v1"}} # kk {"k2"=>"v2"} {:kk=>{"k2"=>"v2"}} # kk {"k3"=>"v3"} {:kk=>{"k3"=>"v3"}} # Array 2 # kk {"k3"=>"v3"} {:kk=>{"k3"=>"v3"}}

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  • Forced naming of parameters in python

    - by Mark Mayo
    In python you may have a function definition: def info(object, spacing=10, collapse=1) which could be called in any of the following ways: info(odbchelper) info(odbchelper, 12) info(odbchelper, collapse=0) info(spacing=15, object=odbchelper) thanks to python's allowing of any-order arguments, so long as they're named. The problem we're having is as some of our larger functions grow, people might be adding parameters between spacing and collapse, meaning that the wrong values may be going to parameters that aren't named. In addition sometimes it's not always clear as to what needs to go in. We're after a way to force people to name certain parameters - not just a coding standard, but ideally a flag or pydev plugin? so that in the above 4 examples, only the last would pass the check as all the parameters are named. Odds are we'll only turn it on for certain functions, but any suggestions as to how to implement this - or if it's even possible would be appreciated.

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  • One configuration per domain name on the same application. How to easily access config values from m

    - by Aymeric
    Hi, I run a Ruby on Rails website that have multiple domain names. I have a "Website" table in the database that stores the configuration values related to each domain name: Website - domain - name - tagline - admin_email - etc... At the moment, I load the website object at the start of each request (before_filter) in my ApplicationController: @website = Website.find_by_domain(request.host) The problem is when I need to access the @website object from my models methods. I would like to avoid to have to pass @website everywhere. The best solution would be to have something similar to APP_CONFIG but per domain name. def sample_model_property - - "#{@website.name} is a great website!" end How would you do it?

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  • Binomial test in Python for very large numbers

    - by Morlock
    I need to do a binomial test in Python that allows calculation for 'n' numbers of the order of 10000. I have implemented a quick binomial_test function using scipy.misc.comb, however, it is pretty much limited around n = 1000, I guess because it reaches the biggest representable number while computing factorials or the combinatorial itself. Here is my function: from scipy.misc import comb def binomial_test(n, k): """Calculate binomial probability """ p = comb(n, k) * 0.5**k * 0.5**(n-k) return p How could I use a native python (or numpy, scipy...) function in order to calculate that binomial probability? If possible, I need scipy 0.7.2 compatible code. Many thanks!

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  • How to find the right object in a Rails controller based on two variables?

    - by sscirrus
    Hi everyone, I have a three-table system: Companies, Customers, and Matches. The matches include, for example, private notes that each party makes about the other and some options they can set regarding the other. I have two sets of views centered around Companies and Customers for each party to look at the other and modify their notes and settings. # Customers Controller def show @customer = Customer.find(params[:customer]) @matchings = @candidate.matchings.find... @company = Company.find(params[:company]) end Obviously the @matchings is incomplete. Given that @matchings has fields customer_id and company_id, how do I find the right matching record? Thank you!

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  • ActiveRecord :through to set default values on through table.

    - by Dmitriy Likhten
    I would like to set a default value in a has_many through association. Lets say I have three models: People Friends Dogs A person can request that a dog becomes their friend. So a person would create an association where friends has an active column = false. User has_many :friends has_many :dogs, :through => :friends Now when I assign a dog to a user User.find(1).dogs << dog The friends table has null in the active column. My friends model is defined as Friend def initialize(args = {}) super(args) active = false end yet this does not work because the friend object is never created. Do I have to manually create one?

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  • Model's method not being recognized when called

    - by Brian Roisentul
    I'm using ruby on rails 2.3.2 and also using the acts_as_taggable_on puglin. That generated me two db tables: tags and taggings. As I didn't need anything more from those, I didn't create a Tag model, for example. Now the project is more mature, I need to create some methods for tags, so I created a Tag model with some methods in it. The model looks something like this: class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base def self.get_parent parent = Tag.find(self.parent_id) return parent end end When I call it from a controller, it won't find the method. This is the code: tag = Tag.find(tag_id) the_parent = tag.get_parent This will throw an error saying: undefined method `get_parent' for #<Tag id: 13, name: "Historia", parent_id: 12> I don't know what's wrong. Any help will be appreciated.

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  • passing get parameters through named route and then to controller model; stringify_keys!

    - by user368937
    Hey, I'm just learning ruby on rails and I've been stumped on this for awhile now. Here's my url request: http://192.168.2.20:8080/Location/new/123.123,-123.123/ Here's my routes.rb: map.connect '/Location/new/:coords/', :controller => 'Location', :action => 'new', :coords => /\d+.\d+,-\d+.\d+/ map.connect '/Location/list/', :controller => 'Location', :action => 'list' map.connect '/Location/create/', :controller => 'Location', :action => 'create' Here's my location_controller.rb def new @coords = Location.new(params[:coords]) end Here's the error message it gives me: NoMethodError in LocationController#new undefined method `stringify_keys!' for "123.123,-123.123":String

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  • Database Error django

    - by Megan
    DatabaseError at /admin/delmarva/event/ no such column: delmarva_event.eventdate I created a class in my models.py file: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class Event(models.Model): eventname = models.CharField(max_length = 100) eventdate = models.DateField() eventtime = models.TimeField() address = models.CharField(max_length = 200) user = models.ForeignKey(User) def __unicode__(self): return self.eventname and now when i try to view my events in my admin or my main_page it gives me the error that there is no eventdate. I tried syncing the db again but nothing changed. Also, I hashtagged eventdate out to see if I get a different error and then it states that delmarva_event.eventtime does not exist as well. I It is weird because it does not have a problem with eventname. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Python: How can I override one module in a package with a modified version that lives outside the pa

    - by zlovelady
    I would like to update one module in a python package with my own version of the module, with the following conditions: I want my updated module to live outside of the original package (either because I don't have access to the package source, or because I want to keep my local modifications in a separate repo, etc). I want import statements that refer to original package/module to resolve to my local module Here's an example of what I'd like to do using specifics from django, because that's where this problem has arisen for me: Say this is my project structure django/ ... the original, unadulterated django package ... local_django/ conf/ settings.py myproject/ __init__.py myapp/ myfile.py And then in myfile.py # These imports should fetch modules from the original django package from django import models from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse # I would like this following import statement to grab a custom version of settings # that I define in local_django/conf/settings.py from django.conf import settings def foo(): return settings.some_setting Can I do some magic with the __import__ statement in myproject/__init__.py to accomplish this? Is there a more "pythonic" way to achieve this?

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