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• pass by reference but reference to data and not to variable

  - by dorelal

  This is psesudo code. In what programming language this is possible ? def lab(input) input = ['90'] end x = ['80'] lab(x) puts x #=> value of x has changed from ['80'] to ['90] I have written this in ruby but in ruby I get the final x value of 80 because ruby is pass-by-reference. However what is passed is the reference to the data held by x and not pointer to x itself same is true in JavaScript. So I am wondering if there is any programming language where the following is true.

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• django form creation on init

  - by John

  Hi, How can I add a field in the form init function? e.g. in the code below I want to add a profile field. class StaffForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, user, *args, **kwargs): if user.pk == 1: self.fields['profile'] = forms.CharField(max_length=200) super(StaffForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class Meta: model = Staff I know I can add it just below the class StaffForm.... line but I want this to be dynamic depending on what user is passed in so can't do it this way. Thanks

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• Rails: How do I run a before_save only if certain conditions are met?

  - by Shpigford

  I have a before_save method that I call that renames an uploaded image. before_save :randomize_file_name def randomize_file_name extension = File.extname(screen_file_name).downcase key = ActiveSupport::SecureRandom.hex(8) self.screen.instance_write(:file_name, "#{key}#{extension}") end That method is part of my Item model. That works great when I create a new item or need to update the image associated with an item...but the problem is that if I need to update an item but NOT the image, the randomize_file_name method still gets run and renames the file in the database (though not the file itself, obviously). So, I'm thinking I need to figure out a way to only run randomize_file_name if a file is included in the form submission...but I'm not sure how to pull that off.

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• Ruby string encoding problem

  - by John Prideaux

  I've looked at the other ruby/encoding related posts but haven't been able to figure out why the following is not working. Likely just because I'm dense, but here's the situation. Using Ruby 1.9 on windows. I have a set of CSV files that need some data appended to the end of each line. Whenever I run my script, the appended characters are gibberish. The input text appears to be IBM437 encoding, whereas my string I'm appending starts as US-ASCII. Nothing I've tried with respect to forcing encoding on the input strings or the append string seems to change the resultant output. I'm stumped. The current encoding version is simply the last that I tried. def append_salesperson(txt, salesperson) if txt.length > 2 return txt.chomp.force_encoding('US-ASCII') + %(, "", "", "#{salesperson}") end end salespeople = Hash[ "fname", "Record Manager"] outfile = File.open("ActData.csv", "w:US-ASCII") salespeople.each do | filename, recordManager | infile = File.open("#{filename}.txt") infile.each do |line| outfile.puts append_salesperson(line, recordManager) end infile.close end outfile.close

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• Binomial test in Python for very large numbers

  - by Morlock

  I need to do a binomial test in Python that allows calculation for 'n' numbers of the order of 10000. I have implemented a quick binomial_test function using scipy.misc.comb, however, it is pretty much limited around n = 1000, I guess because it reaches the biggest representable number while computing factorials or the combinatorial itself. Here is my function: from scipy.misc import comb def binomial_test(n, k): """Calculate binomial probability """ p = comb(n, k) * 0.5**k * 0.5**(n-k) return p How could I use a native python (or numpy, scipy...) function in order to calculate that binomial probability? If possible, I need scipy 0.7.2 compatible code. Many thanks!

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• How to implement an abstract class in ruby?

  - by Chirantan

  I know there is no concept of abstract class in ruby. But if at all it needs to be implemented, how to go about it? I tried something like... class A def self.new raise 'Doh! You are trying to instantiate an abstract class!' end end class B < A ... ... end But when I try to instantiate B, it is internally going to call A.new which is going to raise the exception. Also, modules cannot be instantiated but they cannot be inherited too. making the new method private will also not work. Any pointers?

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• Django admin proper urls inside listview

  - by hinnye

  Hi, My current target is to give users the chance to download CSV files from the admin site of my application. I successfully managed to create an additional column in the model's list view this way: def doc_link(self): return '<a href="files/%s">%s</a>' % (self.output, self.output) doc_link.allow_tags = True This shows the file name and creates the link, but sadly - because it's inside my 'searches' view - it has an URL: my_site/my_app/searches/files/13.csv. This is my problem, I would like to have my files stored in the admin media directory, like this: http://my_site/media/files/13.csv Does somebody know how to give url which points "outer" from the model's directory? Maybe somehow tell Django to use the ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX in the link? I'd really appreciate any help, thanks!

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• Using a Loop to add objects to a list(python)

  - by Will

  Hey guys so im trying to use a while loop to add objects to a list. Heres bascially what i want to do: (ill paste actually go after) class x: blah blah choice = raw_input(pick what you want to do) while(choice!=0): if(choice==1): Enter in info for the class: append object to list (A) if(choice==2): print out length of list(A) if(choice==0): break ((((other options)))) as im doing this i can get the object to get added to the list, but i am stuck as to how to add multiple objects to the list in the loop. Here is my actual code i have so far... print "Welcome to the Student Management Program" class Student: def init (self, name, age, gender, favclass): self.name = name self.age = age self.gender = gender self.fac = favclass choice = int(raw_input("Make a Choice: " )) while (choice !=0): if (guess==1): print("STUDENT") namer = raw_input("Enter Name: ") ager = raw_input("Enter Age: ") sexer = raw_input("Enter Sex: ") faver = raw_input("Enter Fav: ") elif(guess==2): print "TESTING LINE" elif(guess==3): print(len(a)) guess=int(raw_input("Make a Choice: ")) s = Student(namer, ager, sexer, faver) a =[]; a.append(s) raw_input("Press enter to exit") any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• why can't I call .update on a MessageDigest instance

  - by Arthur Ulfeldt

  when i run this from the repl: (def md (MessageDigest/getInstance "SHA-1")) (. md update (into-array [(byte 1) (byte 2) (byte 3)])) I get: No matching method found: update for class java.security.MessageDigest$Delegate the Java 6 docs for MessageDigest show: update(byte[] input) Updates the digest using the specified array of bytes. and the class of (class (into-array [(byte 1) (byte 2) (byte 3)])) is [Ljava.lang.Byte; Am I missing something in the definition of update? Not creating the class I think I am? Not passing it the type I think I am?

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• how to diff / align Python lists using arbitrary matching function?

  - by James Tauber

  I'd like to align two lists in a similar way to what difflib.Differ would do except I want to be able to define a match function for comparing items, not just use string equality, and preferably a match function that can return a number between 0.0 and 1.0, not just a boolean. So, for example, say I had the two lists: L1 = [('A', 1), ('B', 3), ('C', 7)] L2 = ['A', 'b', 'C'] and I want to be able to write a match function like this: def match(item1, item2): if item1[0] == item2: return 1.0 elif item1[0].lower() == item2.lower(): return 0.5 else: return 0 and then do: d = Differ(match_func=match) d.compare(L1, L2) and have it diff using the match function. Like difflib, I'd rather the algorithm gave more intuitive Ratcliff-Obershelp type results rather than a purely minimal Levenshtein distance.

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• Help me refactor this nasty Ruby if/else statement

  - by Suborx

  Hello, so I have this big method in my application for newsletter distribution. Method is for updating rayons and I need to assign a user to rayon. I have relation n:n through table colporteur_in_rayons which has attributes since_date and until_date. I am a junior programmer and I know this code is pretty dummy :) I appreciate every suggestion. def update rayon = Rayon.find(params[:id]) if rayon.update_attributes(params[:rayon]) if params[:user_id] != "" unless rayon.users.empty? unless rayon.users.last.id.eql?(params[:user_id]) rayon.colporteur_in_rayons.last.update_attributes(:until_date => Time.now) Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been succesuly assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end else Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been successfully assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end end flash[:success] = "Rayon has been successfully updated." return redirect_to rayons_path else flash[:error] = "Rayon has not been updated." return redirect_to :back end end

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• How to find the right object in a Rails controller based on two variables?

  - by sscirrus

  Hi everyone, I have a three-table system: Companies, Customers, and Matches. The matches include, for example, private notes that each party makes about the other and some options they can set regarding the other. I have two sets of views centered around Companies and Customers for each party to look at the other and modify their notes and settings. # Customers Controller def show @customer = Customer.find(params[:customer]) @matchings = @candidate.matchings.find... @company = Company.find(params[:company]) end Obviously the @matchings is incomplete. Given that @matchings has fields customer_id and company_id, how do I find the right matching record? Thank you!

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• sqlite3.OperationalError: database is locked - non-threaded application

  - by James C

  Hi, I have a Python application which throws the standard sqlite3.OperationalError: database is locked error. I have looked around the internet and could not find any solution which worked (please note that there is no multiprocesses/threading going on, and as you can see I have tried raising the timeout parameter). The sqlite file is stored on the local hard drive. The following function is one of many which accesses the sqlite database, and runs fine the first time it is called, but throws the above error the second time it is called (it is called as part of a for loop in another function): def update_index(filepath): path = get_setting('Local', 'web') stat = os.stat(filepath) modified = stat.st_mtime index_file = get_setting('Local', 'index') connection = sqlite3.connect(index_file, 30) cursor = connection.cursor() head, tail = os.path.split(filepath) cursor.execute('UPDATE hwlive SET date=? WHERE path=? AND name=?;', (modified, head, tail)) connection.commit() connection.close() Many thanks.

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• Comments on this assumption about running on dev server vs a real instance in app engine (python)?

  - by Jacob Oscarson

  Hello app engineers! I'm on an app engine project where I'd like to put in a link to a Javascript test runner that I'd like to only exist when running the development server. I've made some experiments on a local shell with configuration loaded using the technique found in NoseGAE versus live on the 'App Engine Console' [1] and it looks to me like a distinction btw real instance and dev server is the presence of the module google.appengine.tools. Which lead me to this utility function: def is_dev(): """ Tells us if we're running under the development server or not. :return: ``True`` if the code is running under the development server. """ try: from google.appengine import tools return True except ImportError: return False The question (finally!) would be: is this a bad idea? And in that case, can anyone suggest a better approach? [1] http://con.appspot.com/console/ (try it! very handy indeed)

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• How to handle date difference between client and server?

  - by daydreamer

  I have an API which looks like /summary/yyyy/mm Which returns the summary of their data for the year and month requested. One of the things it returns the number of days left if this is current year and month. For example: days_left: 9 for 2013 and 10 and current date on server is 21 Oct 2013 How I calculate remaining days? This is implemented in python as def current_financial_month_details(self): time_from, time_to = self \ .get_start_end_time_current_financial_month() today = datetime.today() from_time = datetime(year=today.year, month=today.month, day=today.day) return { 'time_from': time_from, 'time_to': time_to, 'remaining_days': (time_to - from_time).days } The problem? The server is in east coast and the client(me with browser) is on pacific time zone When its 9PM PST the time changes in east coast, so if I run hit /summary/2013/10 and if it is Oct 21 2013 for me on PST, the date has already changed on EST, so days_left: 8 which is incorrect on client end. right? How do I handle this situation?

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• variable being weirdly deleted

  - by calccrypto

  im having a weird problem with one variable: its not being recognized but its still printing. i would post my code, but it is massive. the basic idea is: # pseudocode def function(stuff): <do stuff> # These are the only 2 conditions if tag == 3: pka = <a string> if tag == 4: pka = <a string> print pka # (1) print pka # (2) <do stuff not modifying pka> print pka # (3) if pka == 'RSA': <do stuff> elif pka == 'DSA': <do stuff> my code will error at (2). however, it will print out (1), (2), and (3), all of which are the same. is there any general explanation of why this is happening? if my code is really needed, i will post it, but otherwise, i would rather not due to its size update: now the code will error at the if statement after (3), saying UnboundLocalError: local variable 'pka' referenced before assignment even though (1),(2),(3) just printed

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• Sinatra Set Settings (Ruby)

  - by JP

  Using Sinatra in Ruby you can set the server's settings by doing: set :myvariable, "MyValue" and then access it anywhere in templates etc with settings.myvariable. In my script I need to be able to re-set these variables falling back to a bunch of defaults. I figured the easiest way to do this would be to have a function that performs all the sets calling it at the start of the Sinatra server and when I need to make the alterations: class MyApp < Sinatra::Application helpers do def set_settings s = settings_from_yaml() set :myvariable, s['MyVariable'] || "default" end end # Here I would expect to be able to do: set_settings() # But the function isn't found! get '/my_path' do if things_go_right set_settings end end # Etc end As explained in the code above, the set_settings function isn't found, am I going about this the wrong way?

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• Test-driven Development: Writing tests for private / protected variables

  - by Chetan

  I'm learning TDD, and I have a question about private / protected variables. My question is: If a function I want to test is operating on a private variable, how should I test it? Here is the example I'm working with: I have a class called Table that contains an instance variable called internalRepresentation that is a 2D array. I want to create a function called multiplyValuesByN that multiplies all the values in the 2D array by the argument n. So I write the test for it (in Python): def test_multiplyValuesByN (self): t = Table(3, 3) # 3x3 table, filled with 0's t.set(0, 0, 4) # Set value at position (0,0) to 4 t.multiplyValuesByN(3) assertEqual(t.internalRepresentation, [[12, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]) Now, if I make internalRepresentation private or protected, this test will not work. How am I supposed to write the test so it doesn't depend on internalRepresentation but still tests that it looks correct after calling multiplyValuesByN?

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• Django: automatically import MEDIA_URL in context

  - by pistacchio

  Hi, like exposed here, one can set a MEDIA_URL in settings.py (for example i'm pointing to Amazon S3) and serve the files in the view via {{ MEDIA_URL }}. Since MEDIA_URL is not automatically in the context, one have to manually add it to the context, so, for example, the following works: #views.py from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.template import RequestContext def test(request): return render_to_response('test.html', {}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) This means that in each view.py file i have to add from django.template import RequestContext and in each response i have to explicitly specify context_instance=RequestContext(request). Is there a way to automatically (DRY) add MEDIA_URL to the default context? Thanks in advance.

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• How to get current controller for a URL in Rails?

  - by valk

  I'm using this code to highlight currently active menu tab with Twitter Bootstrap: def nav_link_to(link_text, link_path, options = nil) class_name = current_page?(link_path) ? 'active' : '' content_tag(:li, :class => class_name) do link_to link_text, link_path, options end end This of course makes the link active, only if the given link IS the current page. How can I change this function, such that it would return 'active' for any links below current controller? In other words, for all actions for Posts controller, the links would be active? Thanks.

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• Given an instance of a Ruby object, how do I get its metaclass?

  - by Stanislaus Wernstrom

  Normally, I might get the metaclass for a particular instance of a Ruby object with something like this: class C def metaclass class << self; self; end end end # This is this instance's metaclass. C.new.metaclass => #<Class:#<C:0x01234567>> # Successive invocations will have different metaclasses, # since they're different instances. C.new.metaclass => #<Class:#<C:0x01233...>> C.new.metaclass => #<Class:#<C:0x01232...>> C.new.metaclass => #<Class:#<C:0x01231...>> Let's say I just want to know the metaclass of an arbitrary object instance obj of an arbitrary class, and I don't want to define a metaclass (or similar) method on the class of obj. Is there a way to do that?

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• Setting up restful routes as a total newb

  - by Trip

  I'm getting the following error: Unknown action No action responded to show. Actions: activate, destroy, index, org_deals, search, and suspend Controller: class Admin::HomepagesController < Admin::ApplicationController def org_deals @organization = Organization.find(:all) end Routes: admin.resources :organizations, :collection => {:search => :get}, :member => {:suspend => :get, :activate => :get} To note: This is a controller inside of a controller. Any ideas why this is?

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• default model field attribute in Django

  - by Rosarch

  I have a Django model: @staticmethod def getdefault(): print "getdefault called" return cPickle.dumps(set()) _applies_to = models.TextField(db_index=True, default=getdefault) For some reason, getdefault() is never called, even as I construct instances of this model and save them to the database. This seems to contradict the Django documentation: Field.default The default value for the field. This can be a value or a callable object. If callable it will be called every time a new object is created. Am I doing something wrong? Update: Originally, I had this, but then I switched to the above version to debug: _applies_to = models.TextField(db_index=True, default=cPickle.dumps(set())) I'm not sure why that wouldn't work.

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• 1-st level routes for multiple resources in Rails

  - by Leonid Shevtsov

  I have a simple SEO task. There's a City model and a Brand model, and I have to create 1st-level URLs for both (e.g. site.com/honda and site.com/boston). What's the preferred routing/controller combination to do this in Rails? I can only think of map.connect '/:id', :controller => 'catchall', :action => 'index' class CatchallController < ApplicationController def index if City.exists?(:slug => params[:id]) @city = City.find_by_slug!(params[:id]) render 'cities/show' else @brand = Brand.find_by_slug!(params[:id]) render 'brands/show' end end end but it seems to be very un-Rails to put such logic into the controller. (Obviously I need to make sure that the slugs don't overlap in the models, that's done).

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• How to access YAML sublevel item in a nested variable?

  - by Kleber S.

  Getting the error: You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! You might have expected an instance of Array. The error occurred while evaluating nil.[] APP_CONFIG are loading fine. account_type = 'sample' allowed = APP_CONFIG['account']["#{account_type}"]['highlight'] Error points to 'allowed' variable line. The method that I currently trying to is: def self.allow_highlight?(account) account_type = Account.find(account).active_pack # returning a string - OK logger.debug account_type.class # checked on console - OK allowed = APP_CONFIG['account']["#{account_type}"]['highlight'] # Error line if total_account_highlight > allowed false else true end end Hope you understand. Any doubts, please ask me. Thanks!

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