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• algorithm for Virtual Machine(VM) Consolidation in Cloud

  - by devansh dalal

  PROBLEM: We have N physical machines(PMs) each with ram Ri, cpu Ci and a set of currently scheduled VMs each with ram requirement ri and ci respectively Moving(Migrating) any VM from one PM to other has a cost associated which depends on its ram ri. A PM with no VMs is shut down to save power. Our target is to minimize the weighted sum of (N,migration cost) by migrating some VMs i.e. minimize the number of working PMs as well as not to degrade the service level due to excessive migrations. My Approach: Brute Force approach is choosing the minimum loaded PM and try to fit its VMs to other PMs by First Fit Decreasing algorithm or we can select the victim PMs and target PMs based on their loading level and shut down victims if possible by moving their VMs to targets. I tried this Greedy approach on the Data of Baadal(IIT-D cloud) but It isn't giving promising results. I have also tried to study the Ant colony optimization for dynamic VM consolidating but was unable to understand very much. I used the links. http://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/72/52/15/PDF/Esnault.pdf http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/72/38/56/PDF/RR-8032.pdf Would anyone please explain the solution or suggest any new approach for better performance soon. Thanks in advance.

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• How to determine if a 3D voxel-based room is sealed, efficiently

  - by NigelMan1010

  I've been having some issues with efficiently determining if large rooms are sealed in a voxel-based 3D rooms. I'm at a point where I have tried my hardest to solve the problem without asking for help, but not tried enough to give up, so I'm asking for help. To clarify, sealed being that there are no holes in the room. There are oxygen sealers, which check if the room is sealed, and seal depending on the oxygen input level. Right now, this is how I'm doing it: Starting at the block above the sealer tile (the vent is on the sealer's top face), recursively loop through in all 6 adjacent directions If the adjacent tile is a full, non-vacuum tile, continue through the loop If the adjacent tile is not full, or is a vacuum tile, check if it's adjacent blocks are, recursively. Each time a tile is checked, decrement a counter If the count hits zero, if the last block is adjacent to a vacuum tile, return that the area is unsealed If the count hits zero and the last block is not a vacuum tile, or the recursive loop ends (no vacuum tiles left) before the counter is zero, the area is sealed If the area is not sealed, run the loop again with some changes: Checking adjacent blocks for "breathable air" tile instead of a vacuum tile Instead of using a decrementing counter, continue until no adjacent "breathable air" tiles are found. Once loop is finished, set each checked block to a vacuum tile. Here's the code I'm using: http://pastebin.com/NimyKncC The problem: I'm running this check every 3 seconds, sometimes a sealer will have to loop through hundreds of blocks, and a large world with many oxygen sealers, these multiple recursive loops every few seconds can be very hard on the CPU. I was wondering if anyone with more experience with optimization can give me a hand, or at least point me in the right direction. Thanks a bunch.

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• Kubuntu 11.10 very slow during file I/O

  - by dko

  After updating to Kubuntu 11.10, my file I/O performance has slowly just gotten worse and worse. It is to the point where I'm getting 1 MB/s write/read speeds to the drive. If I download something, the whole machine becomes unresponsive for at times up to 30 seconds. This usually causes a timeout in the download and the download then stops. Even extracting archive files, while extracting the computer is just unusable on top of the terrible read/write speeds. It isn't the drive as I have Windows installed as well and when I boot to it I have no issues with the drive. I did not have this issue using Kubuntu 11.04 and am thinking of downgrading. However, I'd much rather help out the Ubuntu community by working through these issues. I'm starting to lean towards the new Linux Kernel is just not working well with file handles. During file I/O my system usage does pick up, but it is not 100% CPU usage. My system is as follows. Samsung 2 TB hard disk drive AMD Phenom II x6 1055 4 GB RAM (only one in use according to system monitor) ATI 5850 HD

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• Searching for entity awareness in 3D space algorithm and data structure

  - by Khanser

  I'm trying to do some huge AI system just for the fun and I've come to this problem. How can I let the AI entities know about each other without getting the CPU to perform redundant and costly work? Every entity has a spatial awareness zone and it has to know what's inside when it has to decide what to do. First thoughts, for every entity test if the other entities are inside the first's reach. Ok, so it was the first try and yep, that is redundant and costly. We are working with real time AI over 10000+ entities so this is not a solution. Second try, calculate some grid over the awareness zone of every entity and test whether in this zones are entities (we are working with 3D entities with float x,y,z location coordinates) testing every point in the grid with the indexed-by-coordinate entities. Well, I don't like this because is also costly, but not as the first one. Third, create some multi linked lists over the x's and y's indexed positions of the entities so when we search for an interval between x,y and z,w positions (this interval defines the square over the spatial awareness zone) over the multi linked list, we won't have 'voids'. This has the problem of finding the nearest proximity value if there isn't one at the position where we start the search. I'm not convinced with any of the ideas so I'm searching for some enlightening. Do you people have any better ideas?

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• Accessing second hard drive

  - by Jonathan

  So I recently installed Ubuntu 10.10 64-bit on my computer. I installed it on my 60gb SSD hard drive, and in the installation it never acknowledged the existence of my second hard drive. The hard drive that I keep all my files on, and which I want to make my home folder if I can, is a Western Digital Caviar Black 1TB SATA 6Gb/s 64MB cache (WD1002FAEX). I've read the following: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Mount but honestly cannot work out how to access the hard drive from my Ubuntu installation. I did have Windows 7 64-bit prior to installing Ubuntu. I have backed up all the files on the hard drive, but if I could just access them straight off that would be super cool. Does anyone know how I can use the second hard drive? Thank you for your help EDIT: The following directories are currently in my /dev/ folder: ati/, block/, bsg/, bus/, char/, cpu/, isk/, input/, mapper/, net/, pktcdvd/, pts/, shm/, snd/, and usb/ EDIT: Result from sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60022480896 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7297 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d2dfd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 6994 56174592 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6994 7298 2438145 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6994 7298 2438144 82 Linux swap / Solaris @djeykib So very close to fixing it.. unfortunately on the last command you gave it says this: $ sudo apt-get install linux-lts-backport-natty Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package linux-lts-backport-natty Checking on http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppas reveals that it is only available for 10.04. Looks like I'll have to unplug and re-plug hardware if I want it working still :(

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• how to install Ubuntu on a fresh hard drive

  - by Herman Wiegman

  I attempted to install Ubuntu from a USB stick to my Intel 4 3GHz computer with 80GB HDD. The installer was doing well, then it said something to the effect of "errors on the source USB, or the target HDD" The recommendation was to download the installer again. I suspected my HDD was going bad so I figured I would investigate. What I found was a partially formatted 80GB HDD. I repartitioned it via a different computer. Now a fresh copy of the Ubuntu USB installer is not able to move past the start-up screen (it freezes). I was able to purchase a new / clean HDD, but still the fresh copy of the installer still locks up after the initial opening screen (locks up after about 2 screens worth of installations steps). Does this sounds like a HDD NTHS issue or a CPU/hardware/memory issue? or should I move to a CD image file rather than my USB stick? Now my computer is stuck... no OS.. no way to go back to Windows (upgrade OS CD only). Any insight would be greatly appreciated. Stuck in Schenectady Herman Wiegman

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• Can't connect to Wireless Network - Ubuntu 12.04 LTS & Sabrent A111N USB Dongle

  - by Ohgodwhy

  I've been trying to connect to this network for quite some time. I can't directly connect to the router with a Wire, but can access the Router with other wireless devices without any issues. I had previously tried several other Wifi nic's but none of them would load properly. Today, i went and bought a new (supported) Sabrent A111N USB Dongle, which said explicitly that it works with Linux 2.4 +. I popped the Dongle in, and low-and-behold it immediately said that there were Available Wireless Connections. I selected my connection and tried to connect, but it just loops constantly while saying Wireless Disconnected then attempts to connect again over and over. ifconfig and iwconfig both show my device in a ready and working state. However, iwlist wlan0 scan says that there are no results found. I don't get it... At one point, I could see the CPU in the DHCP client list under the router, but it doesn't fully make the connection (something about a timeout?). Any help would be appreciated. Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN

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• Ubuntu 10.04 hung on unattended apt-get upgrade?

  - by hafichuk

  I'm looking into why our ubuntu web server hung this morning and see that there was some package upgrades a few hours prior to the problem. I was able to ssh into the system and get a snapshot from top: top - 08:13:54 up 210 days, 8:25, 2 users, load average: 433.30, 422.40, 375.70 Tasks: 1192 total, 381 running, 810 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.5%us, 6.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 93.4%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 49549772k total, 48518392k used, 1031380k free, 960152k buffers Swap: 11595768k total, 279368k used, 11316400k free, 39355664k cached This is a 16 processor system, so I would typically expect a load in the low teens. I tried to restart apache, which didn't work, and subsequently had to do a hard reboot to get it working again (which it is). One thing I found was that the server did an unattended package update. Is it possible that upgrading php or curl (which our web sites use) might have caused apache to stop responding? Here is the snip from the unattended-upgrades.log from this morning: 2012-09-18 06:48:30,076 INFO Initial blacklisted packages: 2012-09-18 06:48:30,076 INFO Starting unattended upgrades script 2012-09-18 06:48:30,077 INFO Allowed origins are: ["['Ubuntu', 'lucid-security']"] 2012-09-18 06:49:37,017 INFO Packages that are upgraded: gnupg-curl php5-dev linux-server dhcp3-common linux-libc-dev php5-curl gpgv gnupg linux-headers-server linux-image-server php5 php5-mysql php-pear php5-cli php5-common libapache2-mod-php5 dhcp3-client 2012-09-18 06:49:37,018 INFO Writing dpkg log to '/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg_2012-09-18_06:49:37.017909.log'

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• Ask the Readers: How Do You Monitor Your Computer?

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Beneath the shiny case of your computer and GUI of your operating system there’s a lot–CPU utilization, memory access, and disk space consumption to name a few things–you can keep an eye on. How do you keep an eye on resource utilization and more on your computer? Image available as wallpaper here. Whether you’re carefully managing a small pool of RAM, making sure your abundant apps don’t bog down your processor, or you just like having an intimate view of what’s going on in the guts of your computer, we want to hear all about the tools you use to do it. How and why do you monitor your computer? From disk use to case temps, any kind of monitoring is fair game. Sound off in the comments with the how and why of your monitoring arrangement and then be sure to stop back in on Friday for the What You Said roundup to see what tricks and tools your fellow readers are using to keep an eye on their hardware. HTG Explains: How Antivirus Software Works HTG Explains: Why Deleted Files Can Be Recovered and How You Can Prevent It HTG Explains: What Are the Sys Rq, Scroll Lock, and Pause/Break Keys on My Keyboard?

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• Correct architecture for running and stopping complex tasks in the background

  - by Phonon

  I'm having trouble working out the correct architecture for the following task. I have a GUI in Windows Forms that contains a ListBox, listing certain architectural layouts. One an item in this list is selected, a custom Control displays an interactive visualization of the selected layout. Drawing of this interactive diagram is a CPU-intensive task, and can take up to a second on my machine. The kind of functionality I'm trying to achieve is that if a user wants to quickly scroll through the layouts in the ListBox (say, holding down the down arrow key), I don't want my computer to sit there thinking about how to draw the layout before it allows the user to do anything else. The obvious answer is, of course, to run the layout calculations in a separate thread. But how do I make that thread return a whole control? How do I make sure I'm not running two layout calculations at once? I'm fairly new to this complex GUI business. So the real question is what is the right architecture to implement something like this? This seems like something people do all the time, but finding any suggestions on how to do it properly is really difficult.

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• Internet unusably slow with Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B card

  - by user42424

  So I have recently installed Ubuntu 11.10 for a dual boot with wind 7. After the install I had like 300 updates, so I installed them. At first I could use the internet, although it was extremely slow. However now I cannot, sometimes it will load and others it will simply time out. When I try to download something it will either take forever or will not at all. This is a wired system. On Windows side my speeds are fine. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Also like I said I am new to Linux/Ubuntu so please be nice. One last thing, I also installed 11.10 for same dual boot on my laptop, and wireless speed is the same as on Windows? Only the wired desktop gives me the problem? Hear is some hardware info.. Hope it helps. Mobo: Gigabyte GA=880GMA- AMD / CPU: AMD Phenom (tm) IIx4 965 / 16 GB Ram / Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller / Cisco Linksys E2000 / Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) / eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:e5:49:33:64:cf inet addr:192.168.1.118 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::52e5:49ff:fe33:64cf/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:76722 errors:0 dropped:76722 overruns:0 frame:76722 TX packets:49692 errors:0 dropped:65 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:107956638 (107.9 MB) TX bytes:4342553 (4.3 MB) Interrupt:44 Base address:0x2000 thanks to roadmr problem solved! I powered down PC, un plugged power from pc end, waited a few (maybe 3)minutes. plugged power back in, pushed and held power button for 30 + seconds. Let go, powered on PC, and my Internet is fine! downloads and web speed blaze, just like on my Win 7 boot, maybe even faster. Problem Solved, Thanks to all!! **

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• Ubuntu running like mud, system hangs and looks like its running at 3FPS

  - by user240803

  the system specks: AMD XP 3200+ 1GB DDR 333 RAM 160 GB HD IDE NVIDIA FX 5500 AGP Video Card Compaq Presario sr1230nx the system takes forever to boot and when it does it runs like total mud, reminds me of an overloaded system that has too many windows open or something... fresh install tried soo many thing like new memory (it had 512 stick) a new video card (onboard 8mb sis sounded like the problem, but wasn't... has gotten a little faster now but not by much) tried to disable all the things on the motherboard that could be, with no help... this machine runs windows XP, 7, and 8 JUST FINE!!! I mean for a single core CPU WIN8 runs AWESOME!!! BUT I already have a Gaming Desktop that has Windows 8 pro I want a Linux machine to get some time in and learn a few things... I want Ubuntu because of the Software center so I can install things I want until I am familiar with the command line.. I've worked on Computers since I was 12 I remember some of the DOS commands but I guess these are a little different... anyway any ideas? Ive also tried both drivers for the NVIDA card and that didn't help either... its not the card since it did this with both the NVIDA card and the SIS onboard... it also does this on live mode with the USB so I don't think its the HardDrive... I'm running out of options of hardware to try... I know this version of Linux works cuz Ive booted it on other machines and it ran great... what is with this Compaq? here is a vid of exactly what its doing... let me know if you need anything else I am right by the comptuer tonight so ask anything... http://youtu.be/-P-XNo81098

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• Hosting and scaling of a facebook application on cloud?

  - by DhruvPathak

  We would be building a facebook application in django(Python), but still not sure of where to host it economically,and with a good provision to scale in case the app gets viral. Some details about the app: i) Would be HTML based like a website,using django as a framework. ii) 100K is the number of expected pageviews in a day,if the app is viral. iii) The users will not generate any media content,only some database data will be generated by them. It would be great if someone with more experience can guide on following points: A) Hosting on google app engine or Amazon EC2 or some other cloud like RackSpace : Preferable points found in AppEngine were ease of deployment,cost effectiveness and easy scaling. For EC2: Full hold of the virtual machine,Amazon NoSQL and RDMBS database services in case we decide to use them. B) Does backend technology affect monthly cost ? eg. would CPU and memory usage difference of Django over , for example , PHP framework like CodeIgnitor really make remarkable difference in running costs. ( Here is the article that triggered this thought process : http://journal.dedasys.com/2010/01/12/rough-estimates-of-the-dollar-cost-of-scaling-web-platforms-part-i#comments) C) Does something like Heroku , which provides additional services over Amazon EC2, prove to be better than raw cloud management ? It is not that we are trying for premature scaling, we just want to have a good start so that we are ready to handle unpredicted growth and scale.

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• Improving the efficiency of my bloom/glow shader

  - by user1157885

  I'm making a neon style game where everything is glowing but the glow I have is kinda small and I want to know if there's an efficient way to increase the size of it other than increasing the pixel sample iterations. Right now I have something like this: float4 glowColor = tex2D(glowSampler, uvPixel); //Makes the inital lines brighter/closer to white if (glowColor.r != 0 || glowColor.g != 0 || glowColor.b != 0) { glowColor += 0.5; } //Loops over the weights and offsets and samples from the pixels based on those numbers for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { glowColor += tex2D(glowSampler, uvPixel + glowOffsets[i] + 0.0018) * glowWeights[i]; } finalColor += glowColor; for the offsets it moves up, down, left and right (5 times each so it loops over 20 times) and the weights just lower the glow amount the further away it gets. The method I was using before to increase it was to increase the number of iterations from 20 to 40 and to increase the size of the offset/weight array but my computer started to have FPS drops when I was doing this so I was wondering how can I make the glow bigger/more vibrant without making it so CPU/Gcard intensive?

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• Macbook overheats in 12.04 beta

  - by zookalicious

  Since I've heard a lot of great things about the upcoming 12.04 release, I decided to give the beta 2 a shot. Everything works very well, except ubuntu wasn't controlling the fan speed for a while. In all the past versions of ubuntu, I've just used the mactel support repository to detect my fans with the macfanctld package, and that has worked well. However it doesn't seem like that package has been updated yet for Precise, so I used the method at this Ubuntu forums thread instead. Now my computers fans are recognized and will spin up, but my laptop is getting VERY hot very frequently. Even just opening up a web browser and Libreoffice writer is enough to make the bottom of my computer feel like it's on fire and cause the fans to spin up to full. "top" shows that there are no programs eating up my CPU usage, which sometimes causes overheating. If anyone has any suggestions I would love to hear them. 12.04 is very nice and I know that for 11.10 macfanctld didn't get updated for a long time, so I'm hesitant to just wait for that.

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• File browsing on Nautilus extremely slow after upgrade to 12.04

  - by Tobelli

  One month ago I updated (no fresh install) to 12.04. Since then nautilus got extremely slow. When I open a folder that contains many subfolders I sometimes have to wait 4 seconds until everything is displayed. This has never been like that before, in previous versions I could always browse between my files extremely fast. I looked in "additional drivers" and changed from Nvidia current-version-update to the recommended drivers. This drastically increased the performance and speed of file browsing, unfortunately just for a couple of days. Now I am stuck again with the very slow Nautilus. I also tried to install the latest nvidia driver like it was suggested here: http://www.techlw.com/2012/03/install-nvidia-drivers-on-ubuntu-1204.html Did not work at all. Also when using the dash to try to find files it does not respond properly: does not find files or loads for ages until the file is displayed. I am working on an Acer Notebook with Intel® Core™ i5 CPU M 430 @ 2.27GHz × 4 6GB RAM GeForce GT 320M/PCIe/SSE2 64 Bit Ubuntu 12.04

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• How do I left-click a Java Application on a WeTab running Ubuntu 12.10? (workaround defect in Onboard)

  - by Kat Amsterdam

  I installed Ubuntu 12.10 on my weTab. Everything works perfectly (albeit slowly) and I can touch and use every application execpt ones written in Java. When I start any Java Application the touchscreen does not recognize the left click. I believe it's a problem in OnBoard (the onscreen keyboard) because when I touch the mouse icon on the OnBoard and then the Java Application the left click works. This is very cumbersome for every click to first hit OnBoard mouse icon and then button in the Java app I would like to click. It defeats the purpose of a touchscreen. The Java Application is definitly touchable as it's running on 10 other machines with Elo Touchscreen. How do I get Ubuntu to recognize the left click in a java application automatically when I touch the screen? Or a way to dignose this so I can make a clear bug report? This happens in all the desktop environments (Gnome/Unity, XFCE4 and LXDE) I tried with openjdk-6-* and openjdk-7-* Stats: WeTab 32GB 3G 2GB RAM Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU N450 @ 1.66GHz - 64-bit Ubuntu 12.10 - 64 bit Unity Desktop environment Xubuntu Desktop environment Lubuntu Desktop environment The real touchscreen driver from EETI (eGalaxy) (also didn't work with the Ubuntu standard touchscreen driver)

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• Should I use OpenGL or DX11 for my game?

  - by Sundareswaran Senthilvel

  I'm planning to write a game from scratch (a BIG Game, for commercial purpose). I'm aware that there are certain compute libraries like OpenCL, AMD APP SDK, C++ AMP as well as DirectCompute - both from MS (NOT interested in CUDA) are available in the market. I'm planning to write the game from the scratch, which includes the following engines... Physics Engine AI Engine Main Game Engine (... and if anything is missed). I'm aware that, there are some free physics engine libraries in the market. Not sure about free AI engine libraries. I'm bit confused in choosing between the OpenCL, AMD APP SDK, and C++ AMP libraries (as already mentioned i'm NOT interested in CUDA). I want my game to be published in Windows/Android/Mac OSX. It means it should be a cross-platform game. I will be having "one source code" that i'll compile for various platforms like Windows/Android/Mac OSX, and any others if i missed. Note: Since I'm NOT a Java guy, kindly do NOT suggest me the Java Language. For Graphics language should i use OpenGL or DirectX 11? I have heard that OpenGL runs on a single core, and not sure of DirectX 11. Between OpenGL and DirectX which one should i follow? or else, are there any other graphics language that i need to start with? I want to make use of the parallelism in GPU as well as CPU.

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• What to do when 'dpkg --configure -a' fails with too many errors?

  - by rudivonstaden

  During an upgrade from lucid (10.04) to precise (12.04), the X session froze, and I have been trying to recover the upgrade to get a stable system. I have performed the following steps: Used ssh to log in to the stalled system over the network. Checked the contents of the /var/log/dist-upgrade directory. There was no activity on main.log, apt.log or term.log. top showed that process 'precise' was using about 3% CPU, but I could find no evidence that the upgrade process was still doing anything. 'dpkg' did not show up in top, but it came up with pgrep dpkg | xargs ps Killed the 'dpkg' and 'precise' processes Tried to recover the upgrade by running sudo fuser -vki /var/lib/dpkg/lock;sudo dpkg --configure -a. This was partially successful (some packages were configured), but failed with the message Processing was halted because there were too many errors. I ran the same command a few times, and each time some packages were configured but others failed. Tried running sudo apt-get -f install. It fails with similar errors to dpkg. The current situation is that dpkg --configure -a and sudo apt-get -f install fails with two kinds of error: Dependency issues, e.g.: dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of cifs-utils: cifs-utils depends on samba-common; however: Package samba-common is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing cifs-utils (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Resource conflict, e.g.: debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable Additionally, it seems there's reference to potential boot problems, so I'm not keen to reboot without fixing the install first: dpkg: too many errors, stopping Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-25-generic cryptsetup: WARNING: failed to detect canonical device of /dev/sda1 cryptsetup: WARNING: could not determine root device from /etc/fstab So my question is, how to get a working install when dpkg --configure -a fails?

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• Have there been attempts to make object containers that search for valid programs by auto wiring compatible components?

  - by Aaron Anodide

  I hope this post isn't too "Fringe" - I'm sure someone will just kill it if it is :) Three things made me want to reach out about this now: Decoupling is so in the forefront of design. TDD inspires the idea that it doesn't matter how a program comes to exist as long as it works. Seeing how often the adapter pattern is applied to achieve (1). I'm almost sure this has been tried from a memory of reading about it around the year 2000 or so. If I had to guess, it was maybe about and earlier version of the Java Spring framework. At this time we were not so far from days when the belief was that computer programs could exhibit useful emergent behavior. I think the article said it didn't work, but it didn't say it was impossible. I wonder if since then it has been deemed impossible or simply an illusion due to a false assumption of similarity between a brain and a CPU. I know this illusion existed because I had an internship in 1996 where I programmed neural nets that were supposedly going to exhibit "brain damage". STILL, after all that, I'm sitting around this morning and not able to shake the idea that it should be possible to have a method of programming to allow autonomous components to find each other, attempt to collaborate and their outputs evaluated against a set desired results.

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• Ubuntu 13.10, kernel 3.11 blank screen issue with hybrid graphics

  - by Lagerbaer

  On my HP Envy, which has both an Intel on-chip graphics card and an Nvidia Geforce: *-display UNCLAIMED description: 3D controller product: GK208M [GeForce GT 740M] vendor: NVIDIA Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: a1 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d2000000-d2ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:5000(size=128) memory:b2000000-b207ffff *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 06 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:46 memory:d3000000-d33fffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:6000(size=64) I have trouble with all newer kernels. I basically had to install 12.04 LTS and use their 3.5 kernel family to get the system to boot. The 3.8 from 12.10 or the newest 3.11 from Ubuntu 13.10 leave me with a black screen upon boot. On one occasion I did hear the "log in" sound, but the screen did not display anything. I have purged all nvidia drivers so I guess it should just use the intel drivers, but apparently this is all messed up with newer kernel versions. This is different from the other "nvidia boots into blank screen" bug in that I don't rely solely on an nvidia card. Surely the intel on-chip card should be supported and leave me with something different from a blank screen? Again, it only works with kernel versions 3.5.0-41-generic, not with the 3.11.0-12 one that ships with Ubuntu 13.10. When I go into the grub menu and change the boot options from 'quiet splash' to 'nomodeset' I am able to boot the system, but then I don't get any graphics and trying 'sudo service lightdm start' doesn't succeed (I get 100% CPU for apport, but this doesn't do anything either, so I kill it). Help, I'm all out of ideas. EDIT: Let me add that I'm using the EFI boot system and have a dual-boot installation with Windows 8.

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• Series On Embedded Development (Part 3) - Runtime Optionality

  - by Darryl Mocek

  What is runtime optionality? Runtime optionality means writing and packaging your code in such a way that all of the features are available at runtime, but aren't loaded and used if the feature isn't used. The code is separate, and you can even remove the code to save persistent storage if you know the feature will not be used. In native programming terms, it's splitting your application into separate shared libraries so you only have to load what you're using, which means it only impacts volatile memory when enabled at runtime. All the functionality is there, but if it's not used at runtime, it's not loaded. A good example of this in Java is JVMTI, Java's Virtual Machine Tool Interface. On smaller, embedded platforms, these libraries may not be there. If the libraries are not there, there's no effect on the runtime as long as you don't try to use the JVMTI features. There is a trade-off between size/performance and flexibility here. Putting code in separate libraries means loading that code will take longer and it will typically take up more persistent space. However, if the code is rarely used, you can save volatile memory by including it in a separate library. You can also use this method in Java by putting rarely-used code into one or more separate JAR's. Loading a JAR and parsing it takes CPU cycles and volatile memory. Putting all of your application's code into a single JAR means more processing for that JAR. Consider putting rarely-used code in a separate library/JAR.

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• Dual Booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04. Partition Sizes?

  - by John F.

  I'm about to reinstall Windows, so I thought that I'd try Ubuntu out on a partition just for fun. My question is, how large should my partitions be for each of them? I know this various depending on what you use, so i'll give you a general idea of what I have, and what I have in mind. I'm currently running: Windows 7 Professional (64bit) RAM: 4GB CPU: 2.5Ghz Quad Core processor HDD: 500GB GPU: 1GB Nvidia GeForce I have around 130GB in Steam games, and some heavier applications like Photoshop CS6, Sony Vegas Pro 11. But other Applications I use are: Chrome Skype Dxtory Fraps OpenOffice BitTorrent and other assorted smaller programs. So, I was thinking that I would give my Windows partition about 150-200GB, my Ubuntu Partition around 20GB, and the rest to shared storage. I'm not really sure if I'd need more or less on Ubuntu, because I've never used it and I'm not really sure what kind of apps i'd be using over there. This would also be a clean install, so I'd be wiping my HDD, creating the Partitions in GParted, then installing Windows with Ubuntu following that. Any critique you could give me? Maybe explanations to what the /root, /boot and /home partitions I hear are about? Thanks in advanced if you actually read this lengthy thing! Any help is appreciated. (x

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• How to uninstall Ubuntu 12.04 LTS dual booting with Windows 7?

  - by user103799

  I need to uninstall Ubuntu 12.04 LTS from my laptop. It's currently dual booting with windows 7. I've searched and found some ways to do this, but all use some kind of a CD to complete the deletion. I have neither the Ubuntu Live CD nor Windows Install CD/Recovery CD. This laptop did not come with one, and I unfortunately have no available storage device to make a recovery CD. Is there a way to completely uninstall Ubuntu 12.04 LTS dual booting without using any hardware? If there's no way, then how to uninstall using the least hardware possible? Or easy to find hardware? I've nothing against Ubuntu. I installed this as a backup/alternative to error-prone Windows 7. However, after a hardware upgrade, including extra RAMs and a new, better CPU, Windows 7 runs smoothly again. Now I'm running low on hard drive space and need the 40 gig or so of space I partitioned for Ubuntu back. Any help is appreciated, and thanks in advance!

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• AMD E-450 APU with HD-6320 graphics produces jerky videos

  - by user80424

  I try to make videos smooth playing on a Lenovo E325 laptop equipped with AMD E-450 APU. This processor have Ati HD-6320 GPU integrated. I installed ATI proprietary driver (Catalyst 12.04) as described here. Everything went fine and got no errors. However I can not play smooth HD videos. Almost every second frame has been dropped in VLC with hardware acceleration enabled. vainfo shows: libva: VA-API version 0.32.0 Xlib: extension "XFree86-DRI" missing on display ":0". libva: va_getDriverName() returns 0 libva: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/fglrx_drv_video.so libva: va_openDriver() returns 0 vainfo: VA-API version: 0.32 (libva 1.0.15) vainfo: Driver version: Splitted-Desktop Systems XvBA backend for VA-API - 0.7.8 vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints VAProfileH264High : VAEntrypointVLD VAProfileVC1Advanced : VAEntrypointVLD fglrxinfo says: display: :0 screen: 0 OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. OpenGL renderer string: AMD Radeon HD 6320 Graphics OpenGL version string: 4.2.11631 Compatibility Profile Context and fgl_glxgears produces ~250fps. Why are HD video frames dropped? CPU doesn't goes above 50% during playback.

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