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• Spanning-Tree and redundant links

  - by Franko

  I have 2 switches which have redundancy between them, meaning fa0/1 on SW1 is connected to fa0/1 on SW2, and fa0/2 on SW1 is connected to fa0/2 on SW2. Both of the switches have the same BID, however the MAC address of SW1 is numerically lower, hence making it the root bridge. Now my question is, on SW2, what determines which of fa0/1 and fa0/2 becomes the RP (Root Port) and the other on blocking state?

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• Tools to manage clusters

  - by Stan

  Say if there're many game servers, is there any tools for engineers to easily manage? Below are some requirements. allow RDP (remote desktop) to servers. has group/permission setting. Classify by different functionality. So for people has permission to access certain group, they don't need further enter pwd to RDP servers, the tool will automatically log on the server. log activities: history about who has log on what server. Thanks.

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• Locked out by changing file permissions

  - by Valeriy

  I just locked my root account (and all other accounts if it matters) completely out of the RHEL 5.4 by changing permissions on every file to 400. Now I have "Permission denied" on any command that I try to run, including chmod itself. Any idea on how to recover? The only access I have to the server is via terminal or SSH. (If anyone cares how it happened, I was running a hardening script and one of the lines was supposed to change permission on some config files in /etc directory. It has couple of variables that had not been set, so the command essentially evaluated to chmod -R 0400 /* Ouch! This is sure a great lesson on checking the scripts even more carefully in the future but what can I do now?

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• Automating MySQL configuration with kickstart

  - by Nimmy Lebby

  I've been testing deployment for a website with some virtual servers. I have most of my deployment steps done via kickstart file (package installation and user creation). However, for MySQL I have to: Run mysql_secure_installation (sets up root password, deletes anonymous users, disallows root login remotely, removes test databases) ./ Then, create the website's databases and the database user. I'm not sure if this is possible in kickstart---especially the prompts in mysql_secure_installation. Perhaps someone has some suggestions or examples?

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• What are the default/recommendet access rights for %ALLUSERSPROFILE%?

  - by RED SOFT ADAIR-StefanWoe

  We have a Windows application that reads and writes some data for all users. We place it at %ALLUSERSPROFILE%\OurProgram*.* We now encounter a few cases in larger companies, where users do not have write permission to %ALLUSERSPROFILE%. Most of these cases are running Windows 7. The problem does not occur on a normal desktop installation of Windows 7 though. What is the recommended policy for this location? I have not found any "official" information about this. Is there a different location where all users have write permission?

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• How are file permissions applied for shared drives?

  - by sleske

  I have two computers: A (running Windows Vista) B (running XP). I shared C: on computer A (as \\A\C ), and require a username (X) plus pw to access it. If I browse the the share \A\C on computer B, after entering username+pw I can access most folders, but one folder "\\A\C\F" gives me "permission denied". I looked at that folder's permissions on A, and it has full access permissons for all "Administrators". I use the account "A\X" to authenticate when accessing the share on A. X is a user account (on A) that is an "Administrator" according to Window's user management. Still, I cannot access this folder. If I explicitly add the "X" account to the accounts that may access folder F (under Properties / Security), I can access it without problems. I do not understand why I need to explicitly grant permission for X to get access to F. Is it not enough that X is an Administrator account?

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• Automatically detecting temperature sensors on startup (Ubuntu 10.10)

  - by dpitch40

  I am very close to achieving my goal of setting up a CPU temperature graph that is displayed in the top panel of my desktop. I have the applet and have gotten it to graph temperatures, which appear to be being sensed correctly. However, my machine doesn't find its temperature sensors by default; I have to run sudo modprobe coretemp for the sensors command to work, then log off and back in before the graph applet starts displaying my temperatures. I am wondering if I can somehow tell the kernel to load the coretemp module on startup so I don't have to keep doing these extra steps. I have tried putting this command in my startup applications, but I think its need for root permission is keeping this from working. Is there a way to set up startup applications with root permission, or some other way to ensure that this module is loaded at startup? If anyone is curious, I'm running 64-bit Ubuntu 10.10 on a Lenovo G770 laptop with a Core i5 processor and the 2.6.35 kernel.

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• App pool gets stuck on reset and takes .net pages out

  - by user8042

  Several times after our app pool has been told to reset, it gets stuck, the .net pages go down and the following error appears in the application event log: Failed to execute request because the App-Domain could not be created. Error: 0x80070057 The parameter is incorrect. Our app pool is scheduled to automatically reset at 4am, so the errors stay up until we manually restart the app pool. Has anyone else encountered the error or know of any solutions? Research has suggested it's a permissions issue, but the permissions don't change and the error happens infrequently. The site has no other permission based problems and the app pool identity has permission where needed.

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• Serving index.html from a subdirectory

  - by xbonez

  In my document root, I have to directories: home and foobar, both with their own index.html files. How can I set it up so that when someone visits my site at example.com, they see the contents on home/index.html? I tried using an index.php with a redirect in document root, as well as a .htaccess redirect, but both of them change the URL in the browser to example.com/home/, which I would like to ideally avoid.

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• Use /etc/aliases to send to a mailing-list using sendmail

  - by Pixoo

  I'm trying to configure my Debian (6.0) server to forward emails sent to root to a mailing-list. I set the ML address in /etc/aliases this way: root: [email protected] I then called newaliases. It doesn't work but when I call mail from the command line it works :/ echo "test" | mail -s"test message" [email protected] If I set my own email address in /etc/aliases it's working too. Any idea where it could come from ? Thanks

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• How to set default permissions for automounted FAT drives in Ubuntu 9.10?

  - by piman

  I've got many FAT32 drives that I'd like to mount in Ubuntu such that they have permission mode 700 for directories and 600 for all other files. By default, they have 755 for all files, which is not particularly useful since almost no non-directories should be executable, and it screws up version control repos hosted on the drives. "Back in the day" I would have had the drives listed in /etc/fstab with the umask/dmask I want and there was no such thing as a default. These days, drives automount under their volume names. Which is great, except now I have no idea how to set the default. I have tried changing the /system/storage/default_options/vfat/mount_options gconf key with no apparently effect. It was 077 initially but the mounted drive reflected a default of 022; changing it and re-inserting the drives resulted in the files still having permission bits of 755.

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• HOw to enable shell login for particular user in one ip

  - by Master

  I have blocked FTP 21 port on server. NOw every connection will be via SFTP via ssh. Initially i had /etc/hosts.deny -- sshd:all But i had to remove that otherwise sftp was not working. How can i secure my shell login so that if someone login via root or userbac(root previleges) Then i need private key but not for other users Or any other to secure my system Thanks

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• Linux File Permissions & Access Control Query

  - by Jason

  Hi, Lets say I am user: bob & group: users. There is this file: -rw----r-- 1 root users 4 May 8 22:34 testfile First question, why can't bob read the file as it's readable by others? Is it simply that if you are denied by group, then you are auto-blacklisted for others? I always assumed that the final 3 bits too precedence over user/group permission bits, guess I was wrong... Second question, how is this implemented? I suppose it's linked to the first query, but how does this work in relation to Access Control, is it related to how ACLs work / are queried? Just trying to understand how these 9 permission bits are actually implemented/used in Linux. Thanks alot.

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• High Steal Time utilization on Apache Linux Server

  - by JMC

  I have a CentOS "development / testing" server that runs extremely slowly. It's running Apache and Mysql using PHP. Top reports that 98% of the CPU utilization is frequently spent on "st" - Steal Time. What could cause a server to spend so much CPU on steal time, and how can I diagnose the problem? I didn't notice the problem until after I granted a third party developer root access (for all I know it has a root kit running, though unlikely).

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• Is it possible to resize TrueCrypt partitions?

  - by Bryan

  When I installed Ubuntu on my laptop, I created a large partition on the hard drive to encrypt with TrueCrypt. Turns out I'm not using the amount of space I thought I would be for encrypting data, and I'm running out of space in my root partition. Is it possible to resize a TrueCrypt partition with something like GParted, or will I need to first move everything out of the encrypted partition, blow it away, add some of the newly available space to my existing root partition, and then create a new TrueCrypt partition?

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• Tools to manage bunches of servers

  - by Stan

  Platform: most of them are Windows Server 2003, some are CentOS 5 Say if there're many game servers, is there any tools for engineers to easily manage? Below are some requirements. allow RDP (remote desktop) to servers. has group/permission setting. Classify by different functionality. So for people has permission to access certain group, they don't need further enter pwd to RDP servers, the tool will automatically log on the server. log activities: history about who has log on what server. Thanks.

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• cannot find java even though it is there (ubuntu 12.04)

  - by Jeff Storey

  I'm trying to just execute the java command and it's saying it cannot be found, even though it is there. Here's what my output looks like root@oneiric:/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin# ls -al java -rwxrwxrwx 1 uucp 143 5750 2012-09-20 11:14 java root@oneiric:/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin# ./java -su: ./java: No such file or directory So the ls shows it's there, but it doesn't seem to execute. Can someone explain why this is?

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• Remote access to internal machine (ssh port-forwarding)

  - by MacUsers

  I have a server (serv05) at work with a public ip, hosting two KVM guests - vtest1 & vtest2 - in two different private network - 192.168.122.0 & 192.168.100.0 - respectively, this way: [root@serv05 ~]# ip -o addr show | grep -w inet 1: lo inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: eth0 inet xxx.xxx.xx.197/24 brd xxx.xxx.xx.255 scope global eth0 4: virbr1 inet 192.168.100.1/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global virbr1 6: virbr0 inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 # [root@serv05 ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr1 xxx.xxx.xx.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 xxx.xxx.xx.62 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I've also setup IP FORWARDing and Masquerading this way: iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface virbr0 -j ACCEPT All works up to this point. If I want to remote access vtest1 (or vtest2) first I ssh to serv05 and then from there ssh to vtest1. Is there a way to setup a port forwarding so that vtest1 can be accessed directly from the outside world? This is what I probably need to setup: external_ip (tcp port 4444) -> DNAT -> 192.168.122.50 (tcp port 22) I know it's easily do'able using a SOHO router but can't figure out how can I do that on a Linux box. Any help form you guys?? Cheers!! Update: 1 Now I've made ssh to listen to both of the ports: [root@serv05 ssh]# netstat -tulpn | grep ssh tcp 0 0 xxx.xxx.xx.197:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5092/sshd tcp 0 0 xxx.xxx.xx.197:4444 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5092/sshd and port 4444 is allowed in the iptables rules: [root@serv05 sysconfig]# grep 4444 iptables -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 4444 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.122.50:22 -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 4444 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 4444 -j ACCEPT But I'm getting connection refused: maci:~ santa$ telnet serv05 4444 Trying xxx.xxx.xx.197... telnet: connect to address xxx.xxx.xx.197: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host Any idea what's I'm still missing? Cheers!!

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• What are these files ,can I delete them manually?

  - by apache

  [root@jiaoyou mysql]# pwd /var/lib/mysql [root@jiaoyou mysql]# ls -ls 338256 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 346030080 2010-04-22 08:08 ibdata1 626812 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 641222072 2010-01-26 07:17 mysql-bin.000008 316892 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 324173772 2010-03-25 12:51 mysql-bin.000009 These three files ibdata1,mysql-bin.000008 and mysql-bin.000009 are taking up too much of my space,will it be ok for me to delete some of them manually?

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• Images not accessible in localhost using wamp in windows 7 [closed]

  - by Am poru

  I Installed wamp in windows 7 pro, and copied a joomla live site. Everything seems working well except that it doesn't load the images on the page. Even when I try to access in directly: localhost/logo.png Im getting an 403 Forbidden: Forbidden You don't have permission to access /logo.png on this server. Solutions I have tried are: 1. Using icacls to grant priviledge 2. manually set the permission by right clicking the image and editing the security. php, html and other files are loading in the browser, but not images. Please help.

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• shell pipe behavior with MySQLDump

  - by unknown (google)

  I am using mysqldump for a large database (several GB) and import the result from a pipe, please see commands below, does it do incremental pipe, or wait until the first one finishes then import? is this a good way of importing large db across servers? I know you can export gz it, then pscp it then import. Quick alternative are welcome mysqldump -u root -ppass -q mydatabase | mysql -u root -ppass --host=xxx.xx.xxx.xx --port=3306 -C mydatabase

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• rsync not using forwarded ssh credentials

  - by Mat

  I have a situation where I would like to rsync some files from a remote server to a server in my office. The source server requires key-based authentication and I have an appropriate key set up on my desktop machine. If I ssh into the local server and then ssh to the remote server, ssh agent forwarding works correctly. However, when I try to rsync over ssh I get permission denied. So, Desktop -- Local server -- Remote server. When ssh'd onto the local server ssh user@remote works, but rsync -avPe ssh user@remote:/src /dest does not - Permission denied (publickey).

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• Using Plesk to setup MySQL

  - by chris

  Having trouble getting my mysql up and running on a new virtual server. The host gave me Plesk and I think MySQL is installed but I can't seem to access it. I keep getting this: mysql -u admin -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'admin'@'localhost' (using password: YES) How do I make sure its running properly? How do I reset the root password? (I have root access to the server)

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• How do I get these permissions working right so Apache can work with the files?

  - by cosmicbdog

  I am having a go at setting up my own Apache and can't seem to get my head around the permissions. Lets say I grab a file from somewhere off the web and it has permission of 600. I then upload this file via ftp to a user directory, which is also an apache virtual site, and so this file retains this permission of 600. This means that the user can read this file, but Apache can't: it will be forbidden. What is the most simple solution so that apache can read + write whatever files end up in the users directory? Can apache be granted some sort of root power over files in a directory?

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• OS X - Automatically Set Execute Permissions for New Files?

  - by i help X u

  I'm using OS X 10.6.4 and am trying to set a folder to automatically enable execute permissions on new script files copied or created in a directory. I have used Sandbox 2 to set every permission for the folder to enabled with sticky bits and the inherit flag set but I still have to manually set the execute flag using chmod for every new flag. I've done: chmod -R a+rwxs ~/scripts I've done: chmod 7777 ~/scripts And the permissions for the folder show as: drwsrwsrwt+ for the folder. But if I add a new script file it's set to "-rw-r--r--+" (the default) I looked at setting "unmask 000" in the .profile file but the default value for files is 666 with an unmask of 022 so that's not relevant since I would need a default value of 777 for files. I have figure out how to use chmod in an AppleScript triggered by a folder action to automate this but I'm wondering if there is a simple ACL or chmod setting I'm missing. So, is there a way to automatically set execute permission for new files? (Without using a folder action and AppleScript?)

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