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• Which platform can we expect one's complement being used there?

  - by Jian Lin

  For some questions such as checking whether a number is odd or even, I noted the comment, a & 1 won't work when it is a one's complement machine or when the code is ported to a platform that uses one's complement. Since 30 years ago on the Superboard, TRS-80, Apple II, I haven't seen a system with one's complement. Are there popular systems that use one's complement still, or do we have some cell phone or mobile device that uses one's complement?

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• Python New-style Classes and the Super Function

  - by sfjedi

  This is not the result I expect to see: class A(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self['args'] = args self['kwargs'] = kwargs class B(A): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(B, self).__init__(args, kwargs) print 'Instance A:', A('monkey', banana=True) #Instance A: {'args': ('monkey',), 'kwargs': {'banana': True}} print 'Instance B:', B('monkey', banana=True) #Instance B: {'args': (('monkey',), {'banana': True}), 'kwargs': {}} I'm just trying to get classes A and B to have consistent values set. I'm not sure why the kwargs are being inserted into the args, but I'm to presume I am either calling init() wrong from the subclass or I'm trying to do something that you just can't do. Any tips?

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• Which is the 'correct' way to do this (if statement)

  - by frinkz

  I've got plenty of these lying around, and I'm wondering if I'm going to face any trouble - or performance problems. I have method A: MyClass monkey; ... if(monkey != null) { ... } Or method B: boolean hasMonkey; //This is set to TRUE when monkey is not null MyClass monkey; ... if(hasMonkey) { ... } On a functional level, they both do the same thing. Right now, I'm using method A. Is that a bad way of doing things? Which is going to perform better?

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• Silverlight Firestarter thoughts, and thanks to one and all!

  - by Dave Campbell

  A few metrics that of course got out of hand, but some may find interesting:   1/2 My share of the MVP of the Year award in February of 2009 with Laurent Bugnion 2 Number of degrees I hold: B.S., M.S. Electrical Engineering 3 Number of years in the U.S. Army 3.5 Number of years SilverlighCream has been posted 4 Number of times awarded MVP 6 Number of professional positions I've worked: Antenna Rigger, Boilermaker, Musician, Electronic Technician, Hardware Engineer, Software Engineer 16 Number of companies I've worked for during my career as an Engineer 19 Age at which I turned my first line of code 28 Age at which I hit the workforce as an Engineer 33 Number of years working as an Engineer 43 Number of years writing code 62 Number of years since instantiation 116 Number of tags to search SilverlightCream with 645 Number of blogs I view to find articles (at this moment) 664 Number of articles tagged wp7dev at SilverlightCream right now 700 Number of Twitter followers for WynApse 981 Number of individual bloggers in the SilverlightCream database 1002 Number of SilverlightCream blogposts 1100 Number of people live in Redmond for the Firestarter (I think) 1428 Number of total blogposts at GeeksWithBlogs (not counting this one) 4200 Number of Feedburner subscribers (approximately) 6500 Number of Twitter followers for SilverlightNews (approximately) 7087 Number of posts tagged and aggregated at SilverlightCream right now 13000 Number of people registered to watch the Firestarter online (I think) The overwhelming feeling I have returning from the Silverlight Firestarter: Priceless There is absolutely no way that I could personally thank everyone that over the last few years has held their hand out and offered me a step up to get to the point that Scott Guthrie called me out in his keynote. So I'm just going to hit the highlights here... Scott Guthrie Thanks for not only being the level you are at Microsoft, but for being so approachable, easy to talk to, willing to help everyone, and above all knowledgable. My first level manager at my last position asked if Visual Studio was a graphics program... and you step up to a laptop at a conference and type "File->New Program" ... 'nuff said... oh yeah, thanks for the shoutout! John Papa Thanks for being a good friend, ramroding the Firestarter, being a great guy to be around, and for the poster... holy crap is that cool. Tim Heuer Thanks for all you did as a great DE in Phoenix, and for helping out so many of us, of course being a great guy, and for the poster as well... I think you and John shared that task. In no order at all my buddy Michael Washington, Laurent Bugnion (the other half of the first Silverlight MVP of the Year) Tim Sneath, Mike Harsh, Chad Campbell and Bryant Likes (from back in the day), Adam Kinney, Jesse Liberty, Jeff Paries, Pete Brown, András Velvárt, David Kelly, Michael Palermo, Scott Cate, Erik Mork, and on and on... don't feel bad if your name didn't appear, I have simply too many supporters to name. Silverlight Firestarter Indeed All the people mentioned here, and all the MVPs knew Silverlight was NOT dead, but because of a very unfortunate circumstance, the popular media opinion became that. Consequently the Firestarter exploded from a laid-back event to a global conference. People worked their ass off getting bits ready and presentations using those bits. All to stem the flow of misinformation. All involved please accept my personal thanks for an absolutely awesome job. I had the priviledge of watching the 'prep' on Wednesday afternoon, and was blown away the first time I saw the 3D demo... and have been blown away every time I've seen it since. Not to mention all the other goodness in Silverlight 5. Yes I hit 1000 on my blog, but more importantly, all of you are blogging and using Silverlight, and Microsoft hit one completely out of the park... no... they knocked it out of the neighborhood with the Firestarter. It was amazing to be there for it, and it will be awesome to use the new bits as we get them. Keep reading, there's tons more to come with Silverlight and SilverlightCream following along behind. As usual, this old hacker is humbled to be allowed to play with all the cool kids... Thanks one and all for everything, and Stay in the 'Light

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• How Exactly Is One Linux OS “Based On” Another Linux OS?

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  When reviewing different flavors of Linux, you’ll frequently come across phrases like “Ubuntu is based on Debian” but what exactly does that mean? Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. The Question SuperUser reader PLPiper is trying to get a handle on how Linux variants work: I’ve been looking through quite a number of Linux distros recently to get an idea of what’s around, and one phrase that keeps coming up is that “[this OS] is based on [another OS]“. For example: Fedora is based on Red Hat Ubuntu is based on Debian Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu For someone coming from a Mac environment I understand how “OS X is based on Darwin”, however when I look at Linux Distros, I find myself asking “Aren’t they all based on Linux..?” In this context, what exactly does it mean for one Linux OS to be based on another Linux OS? So, what exactly does it mean when we talk about one version of Linux being based off another version? The Answer SuperUser contributor kostix offers a solid overview of the whole system: Linux is a kernel — a (complex) piece of software which works with the hardware and exports a certain Application Programming Interface (API), and binary conventions on how to precisely use it (Application Binary Interface, ABI) available to the “user-space” applications. Debian, RedHat and others are operating systems — complete software environments which consist of the kernel and a set of user-space programs which make the computer useful as they perform sensible tasks (sending/receiving mail, allowing you to browse the Internet, driving a robot etc). Now each such OS, while providing mostly the same software (there are not so many free mail server programs or Internet browsers or desktop environments, for example) differ in approaches to do this and also in their stated goals and release cycles. Quite typically these OSes are called “distributions”. This is, IMO, a somewhat wrong term stemming from the fact you’re technically able to build all the required software by hand and install it on a target machine, so these OSes distribute the packaged software so you either don’t need to build it (Debian, RedHat) or they facilitate such building (Gentoo). They also usually provide an installer which helps to install the OS onto a target machine. Making and supporting an OS is a very complicated task requiring a complex and intricate infrastructure (upload queues, build servers, a bug tracker, and archive servers, mailing list software etc etc etc) and staff. This obviously raises a high barrier for creating a new, from-scratch OS. For instance, Debian provides ca. 37k packages for some five hardware architectures — go figure how much work is put into supporting this stuff. Still, if someone thinks they need to create a new OS for whatever reason, it may be a good idea to use an existing foundation to build on. And this is exactly where OSes based on other OSes come into existence. For instance, Ubuntu builds upon Debian by just importing most packages from it and repackaging only a small subset of them, plus packaging their own, providing their own artwork, default settings, documentation etc. Note that there are variations to this “based on” thing. For instance, Debian fosters the creation of “pure blends” of itself: distributions which use Debian rather directly, and just add a bunch of packages and other stuff only useful for rather small groups of users such as those working in education or medicine or music industry etc. Another twist is that not all these OSes are based on Linux. For instance, Debian also provide FreeBSD and Hurd kernels. They have quite tiny user groups but anyway. Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.     

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• Number of simple mutations to change one string to another?

  - by mstksg

  Hi; I'm sure you've all heard of the "Word game", where you try to change one word to another by changing one letter at a time, and only going through valid English words. I'm trying to implement an A* Algorithm to solve it (just to flesh out my understanding of A*) and one of the things that is needed is a minimum-distance heuristic. That is, the minimum number of one of these three mutations that can turn an arbitrary string a into another string b: 1) Change one letter for another 2) Add one letter at a spot before or after any letter 3) Remove any letter Examples aabca => abaca: aabca abca abaca = 2 abcdebf => bgabf: abcdebf bcdebf bcdbf bgdbf bgabf = 4 I've tried many algorithms out; I can't seem to find one that gives the actual answer every time. In fact, sometimes I'm not sure if even my human reasoning is finding the best answer. Does anyone know any algorithm for such purpose? Or maybe can help me find one? Thanks.

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• guarantee child records either in one table or another, but not both?

  - by user151841

  I have a table with two child tables. For each record in the parent table, I want one and only one record in one of the child tables -- not one in each, not none. How to I define that? Here's the backstory. Feel free to criticize this implementation, but please answer the question above, because this isn't the only time I've encountered it: I have a database that holds data pertaining to user surveys. It was originally designed with one authentication method for starting a survey. Since then, requirements have changed, and now there are two different ways someone could sign on to start a survey. Originally I captured the authentication token in a column in the survey table. Since requirements changed, there are three other bits of data that I want to capture in authentication. So for each record in the survey table, I'm either going to have one token, or a set of three. All four of these are of different types, so my thought was, instead of having four columns where either one is going to be null, or three are going to be null ( or even worse, a bad mashup of either of those scenarios ), I would have two child tables, one for holding the single authentication token, the other for holding the three. Problem is, I don't know offhand how to define that in DDL. I'm using MySQL, so maybe there's a feature that MySQL doesn't implement that lets me do this.

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• One page using querystring or many folders and pages?

  - by ClarkeyBoy

  I have an application where I have the 'core' code in one folder for which there is a virtual directory in the root, such that I can include any core files using /myApp/core/bla.asp. I then have two folders outside of this with a default.asp which currently use the querystring to define what page should be displayed. One page is for general users, the other will only be accessible to users who have permission to manage users / usergroups / permissions. The core code checks the querystring and then checks the permissions for that user. An example of this as it is now is default.asp?action=view&viewtype=list&objectid=server. I am not worried about SEO as this is an internal app and uses Windows Auth. My question is, is it better the way it is now or would it be better to have something like the following: /server/view/list/ /server/view/?id=123 /server/create/ /server/edit/?id=123 /server/remove/?id=123 In the above folders I would have a home page which defines all the variables which are currently determined by the querystring - in /server/create/ for example, I would define the action as 'create', object name as 'server' and so on. In terms of future development, I really have no idea which method would be best. I think the 2nd method would be best in terms of following what page does what but this is such a huge change to make at this stage that I would really like some opinions, preferably based on experience. PS Sorry if the tags are wrong - I am new to this forum and thought this was a bit too much of a discussion for StackOverflow as that is very much right / wrong answer based. I got the idea SE is more discussion based.

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• One-week release cycle: how do I make this feasible?

  - by Arkaaito

  At my company (3-yr-old web industry startup), we have frequent problems with the product team saying "aaaah this is a crisis patch it now!" (doesn't everybody?) This has an impact on the productivity (and morale) of engineering staff, self included. Management has spent some time thinking about how to reduce the frequency of these same-day requests and has come up with the solution that we are going to have a release every week. (Previously we'd been doing one every two weeks, which usually slipped by a couple of days or so.) There are 13 developers and 6 local / 9 offshore testers; the theory is that only 4 developers (and all testers) will work on even-numbered releases, unless a piece of work comes up that really requires some specific expertise from one of the other devs. Each cycle will contain two days of dev work and two days of QA work (plus 1 day of scoping / triage / ...). My questions are: (a) Does anyone have experience with this length of release cycle? (b) Has anyone heard of this length of release cycle even being attempted? (c) If (a) or (b), how on Earth do you make it work? (Any pitfalls to avoid, etc., are also appreciated.) (d) How can we minimize the damage if this effort fails?

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• Is it a must to focus on one specific IT subject to be succesful?

  - by Ahmet Yildirim

  Lately I'm deeply disturbed by the thought that I'm still not devoted to one specific IT subject after so many years of doing it as a hobby. I've been in so many different IT related hobbies since I was 12. I have spent 8 years and now I'm 20 and just finished freshman year at Computer Eng. Just to summarize the variety: 3D Game Dev. and Modelling (Acknex, Irrlicht , OpenGL, GLES, 3DSMAX) Mobile App.Dev (Symbian, Maemo, Android) Electronis (Arduino) Web.Dev. (PHP, MYSQL, Javascript, Jquery, RaphaelJS, Canvas, Flash etc.) Computer Vision (OpenCV) I need to start making money. But I'm having problem to pick the correct IT business to do so. Is it a problem to have interest in so many different IT subjects?(in business world) I'm having a lot of fun by doing all those stuff from time to time. Other than making money I also noticed that having so many different interests is lowering my productivity. But I'm still having difficulty to pick one. I'm feeling close to all those subjects (time to time).

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• Why would one bother marking up properly and semantically?

  - by Madara Uchiha

  Note that I (try) to mark up as semantically as possible because I like they way it looks and feels, but not because I'm aware of any other stunning advantages. The point of my question is to be able to educate others Well, I've seen a lot of articles and tutorials which often state "Let's mark this up in the most semantic possible way". But a strange thought came to me, why? Why would one need (or want) to bother with the specific elements which convey the correct semantic meaning? Specifically, I'm referring to the new HTML5 elements, such as <time>, <output>, or <address>. Especially, if the page "works" (it renders nicely in all browsers). Why would I want to use elements like <time> or <address>, where nothing at all (or at the worst case, a generic <span>) works just as nicely? I'm asking this because I'm seeing a multitude of (very popular) websites (this one included) which does not follow these so-called best practices.

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• Dedicated Servers: Is one better then two for LAMP pseudo HA setup? [closed]

  - by bikedorkseattle

  Possible Duplicate: How to find web hosting that meets my requirements? I know there are zillions of commentary about hosting out there, but I haven't read much about this. Our current well known host is having too many problems, the hardware we are on it subpar, and I'm ready to leave. A day of downtime can cost as much as our monthly hosting bill. A month of bad performance is just killing us right now, user and google wise. I'm wondering about running two dedicated boxes for LAMP, one running as the primary Nginx/Apache (proxy pass), and the other as the MySQL box. Running a single box scares the bejesus out of me because who knows how long it will take anyone to fix a raid card or whatever. The idea is to set this up using some sort of failover system using pacemaker and heartbeat. If one server goes down the other can take over for the other running both web and db. There are some good articles over at Linode about this. I have a few DBs that are 1GB+ and would like to load them into memory. Because of this, I'm shying away from a Linode HA setup because for the price I could do it with two dedicated like I described. Am I mad or an idiot? What are people out there doing for pseodu high availability good performance setups under $400/month? I'm a webmaster; I do a lot of things none of it that well :)

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• How far should one take e-mail address validation?

  - by Mike Tomasello

  I'm wondering how far people should take the validation of e-mail address. My field is primarily web-development, but this applies anywhere. I've seen a few approaches: simply checking if there is an "@" present, which is dead simply but of course not that reliable. a more complex regex test for standard e-mail formats a full regex against RFC 2822 - the problem with this is that often an e-mail address might be valid but it is probably not what the user meant DNS validation SMTP validation As many people might know (but many don't), e-mail addresses can have a lot of strange variation that most people don't usually consider (see RFC 2822 3.4.1), but you have to think about the goals of your validation: are you simply trying to ensure that an e-mail address can be sent to an address, or that it is what the user probably meant to put in (which is unlikely in a lot of the more obscure cases of otherwise 'valid' addresses). An option I've considered is simply giving a warning with a more esoteric address but still allowing the request to go through, but this does add more complexity to a form and most users are likely to be confused. While DNS validation / SMTP validation seem like no-brainers, I foresee problems where the DNS server/SMTP server is temporarily down and a user is unable to register somewhere, or the user's SMTP server doesn't support the required features. How might some experienced developers out here handle this? Are there any other approaches than the ones I've listed? Edit: I completely forgot the most obvious of all, sending a confirmation e-mail! Thanks to answerers for pointing that one out. Yes, this one is pretty foolproof, but it does require extra hassle on the part of everyone involved. The user has to fetch some e-mail, and the developer needs to remember user data before they're even confirmed as valid.

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• How can I restore my Acer Aspire one GNU version 1.98 to factory settings?

  - by user100380

  Requires keyring and authentication to install and unistall programs or update anything. I just want to restart from scratch so i can clean it up anyways. Can anyone help? Also, on start up a list on a black screen will come up saying Ubuntu with linux version 26.32-40 generic or recovery version and at the bottom of different versions has one Window 7 loader option. When I get into recovery menu to try and restore to factory settings my netbook has no restore option. I've tried pressing alt-f10 and holding alt and repeatedly tap f10 but nothing seems to work, and my acer asks for a password login to even load windows 7 which I don't have. Any ideas? I've looked a lot on the internet for help but I'm getting to my last resort, to get of this thing for once and for all. I want to be able to personalize and add programs as I please, this is all bs to go through to unistall one freaking game or get rid of ubuntu gnome keyring!! Please help!! Thank you. :)

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• How can one find software development work that involves directly the final end user?

  - by RJa

  I've worked in software development for 15 years and, while there have been signficant personal achievements and a lot of experience, I've always felt detached from the man/woman-on-the-street, the every day person, how it affects their lives, in a number of ways: the technologies: embedded software, hidden away, stuff not seen by the everyday person. Or process technology supporting manufactured products the size of the systems, meaning many jobs, divided up, work is abstract, not one person can see the whole picture the organisations: large, with departments dealing with different areas, the software, the hardware, the marketing, the sales, the customer support the locations and hours: out-of-town business parks away from the rest of society, fixed locations, inflexible: 9-5 everyday This to me seems typical of the companies I worked for and see elsewhere. Granted, there are positives such as the technology itself and usually being among high calibre co-workers, but the above points frustrate me about the industry because they detach the work from its meaning. How can one: change these things in an existing job, or compensate for them? find other work that avoids these and connects with the final end user? Job designs tend to focus on the job content and technical requirements rather than how the job aims to fulfil end user needs, is meaningful.

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• RPM Spec How to specify in package so that previous RPM is removed

  - by user123819

  Question: What do I put in the foo.spec file so that the rpm's will remove the previous rpm before installing? Description: I have created a spec file that creates rpm's for a few packages that use the same source and provide the same service, each with a slightly different configuration. E.g. they each provide the same "capability" Here's an example of the essentials that my .spec file looks like: %define version 1234 %define name foo %define release 1 %define pkgname %{name}-%{version}-%{release} Name: %{name} Version: %{version} Release: %{release} Provides: %{name} %package one Summary: Summary for foo-one Group: %{group} Obsoletes: %{name} <= %{version} Provides: %{name} = %{version} %description one Blah blah blah %package two Summary: Summary for foo-two Group: %{group} Obsoletes: %{name} <= %{version} Provides: %{name} = %{version} %description two Blah blah blah # %prep, %install, %build and %clean are pretty simple # and omitted here for brevity sake %files one %defattr(-,root,root,-) %{_prefix}/%{pkgname} %files two %defattr(-,root,root,-) %{_prefix}/%{pkgname} When I install the first one, it installs ok. I then remove the first one, and then install the second one, that works fine too. I then install the first one, followed immediately by installing the second one, and they both install, one over the other, but, I was expecting that the second one would be removed before installing the second. Example session: # rpmbuild foo and copy rpms to yum repo $ yum install foo-one ... $ yum list installed|grep foo foo-one.noarch 1234-1 @myrepo $ yum install foo-two ...[Should say that it is removing foo-one, but does not]... $ yum list installed|grep foo foo-one.noarch 1234-1 @myrepo foo-two.noarch 1234-1 @myrepo $ rpm -q --provides foo-one foo = 1234 foo-one = 1234-1 $ rpm -q --provides foo-two foo = 1234 foo-two = 1234-1 What do I put in the foo.spec file so that the rpm's will remove the previous rpm before installing? Thank you, .dave.

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• Entity Association Mapping with Code First Part 1 : Mapping Complex Types

  - by mortezam

  Last week the CTP5 build of the new Entity Framework Code First has been released by data team at Microsoft. Entity Framework Code-First provides a pretty powerful code-centric way to work with the databases. When it comes to associations, it brings ultimate flexibility. I’m a big fan of the EF Code First approach and am planning to explain association mapping with code first in a series of blog posts and this one is dedicated to Complex Types. If you are new to Code First approach, you can find a great walkthrough here. In order to build a solid foundation for our discussion, we will start by learning about some of the core concepts around the relationship mapping.   What is Mapping?Mapping is the act of determining how objects and their relationships are persisted in permanent data storage, in our case, relational databases. What is Relationship mapping?A mapping that describes how to persist a relationship (association, aggregation, or composition) between two or more objects. Types of RelationshipsThere are two categories of object relationships that we need to be concerned with when mapping associations. The first category is based on multiplicity and it includes three types: One-to-one relationships: This is a relationship where the maximums of each of its multiplicities is one. One-to-many relationships: Also known as a many-to-one relationship, this occurs when the maximum of one multiplicity is one and the other is greater than one. Many-to-many relationships: This is a relationship where the maximum of both multiplicities is greater than one. The second category is based on directionality and it contains two types: Uni-directional relationships: when an object knows about the object(s) it is related to but the other object(s) do not know of the original object. To put this in EF terminology, when a navigation property exists only on one of the association ends and not on the both. Bi-directional relationships: When the objects on both end of the relationship know of each other (i.e. a navigation property defined on both ends). How Object Relationships Are Implemented in POCO domain models?When the multiplicity is one (e.g. 0..1 or 1) the relationship is implemented by defining a navigation property that reference the other object (e.g. an Address property on User class). When the multiplicity is many (e.g. 0..*, 1..*) the relationship is implemented via an ICollection of the type of other object. How Relational Database Relationships Are Implemented? Relationships in relational databases are maintained through the use of Foreign Keys. A foreign key is a data attribute(s) that appears in one table and must be the primary key or other candidate key in another table. With a one-to-one relationship the foreign key needs to be implemented by one of the tables. To implement a one-to-many relationship we implement a foreign key from the “one table” to the “many table”. We could also choose to implement a one-to-many relationship via an associative table (aka Join table), effectively making it a many-to-many relationship. Introducing the ModelNow, let's review the model that we are going to use in order to implement Complex Type with Code First. It's a simple object model which consist of two classes: User and Address. Each user could have one billing address. The Address information of a User is modeled as a separate class as you can see in the UML model below: In object-modeling terms, this association is a kind of aggregation—a part-of relationship. Aggregation is a strong form of association; it has some additional semantics with regard to the lifecycle of objects. In this case, we have an even stronger form, composition, where the lifecycle of the part is fully dependent upon the lifecycle of the whole. Fine-grained domain models The motivation behind this design was to achieve Fine-grained domain models. In crude terms, fine-grained means “more classes than tables”. For example, a user may have both a billing address and a home address. In the database, you may have a single User table with the columns BillingStreet, BillingCity, and BillingPostalCode along with HomeStreet, HomeCity, and HomePostalCode. There are good reasons to use this somewhat denormalized relational model (performance, for one). In our object model, we can use the same approach, representing the two addresses as six string-valued properties of the User class. But it’s much better to model this using an Address class, where User has the BillingAddress and HomeAddress properties. This object model achieves improved cohesion and greater code reuse and is more understandable. Complex Types: Splitting a Table Across Multiple Types Back to our model, there is no difference between this composition and other weaker styles of association when it comes to the actual C# implementation. But in the context of ORM, there is a big difference: A composed class is often a candidate Complex Type. But C# has no concept of composition—a class or property can’t be marked as a composition. The only difference is the object identifier: a complex type has no individual identity (i.e. no AddressId defined on Address class) which make sense because when it comes to the database everything is going to be saved into one single table. How to implement a Complex Types with Code First Code First has a concept of Complex Type Discovery that works based on a set of Conventions. The convention is that if Code First discovers a class where a primary key cannot be inferred, and no primary key is registered through Data Annotations or the fluent API, then the type will be automatically registered as a complex type. Complex type detection also requires that the type does not have properties that reference entity types (i.e. all the properties must be scalar types) and is not referenced from a collection property on another type. Here is the implementation: public class User{    public int UserId { get; set; }    public string FirstName { get; set; }    public string LastName { get; set; }    public string Username { get; set; }    public Address Address { get; set; }} public class Address {     public string Street { get; set; }     public string City { get; set; }            public string PostalCode { get; set; }        }public class EntityMappingContext : DbContext {     public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }        } With code first, this is all of the code we need to write to create a complex type, we do not need to configure any additional database schema mapping information through Data Annotations or the fluent API. Database SchemaThe mapping result for this object model is as follows: Limitations of this mappingThere are two important limitations to classes mapped as Complex Types: Shared references is not possible: The Address Complex Type doesn’t have its own database identity (primary key) and so can’t be referred to by any object other than the containing instance of User (e.g. a Shipping class that also needs to reference the same User Address). No elegant way to represent a null reference There is no elegant way to represent a null reference to an Address. When reading from database, EF Code First always initialize Address object even if values in all mapped columns of the complex type are null. This means that if you store a complex type object with all null property values, EF Code First returns a initialized complex type when the owning entity object is retrieved from the database. SummaryIn this post we learned about fine-grained domain models which complex type is just one example of it. Fine-grained is fully supported by EF Code First and is known as the most important requirement for a rich domain model. Complex type is usually the simplest way to represent one-to-one relationships and because the lifecycle is almost always dependent in such a case, it’s either an aggregation or a composition in UML. In the next posts we will revisit the same domain model and will learn about other ways to map a one-to-one association that does not have the limitations of the complex types. References ADO.NET team blog Mapping Objects to Relational Databases Java Persistence with Hibernate

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• HTTP Headers: Max-Age vs Expires – Which One To Choose?

  - by Gopinath

  Caching of static content like images, scripts, styles on the client browser reduces load on the webservers and also improves end users browsing experience by loading web pages quickly. We can use HTTP headers Expires or Cache-Control:max-age to cache content on client browser and set expiry time for them. Expire header is HTTP/1.0 standard and Cache-Control:max-age is introduced in HTTP/1.1 specification to solve the issues and limitation with Expire  header. Consider the following headers.   Cache-Control: max-age=24560 Expires: Tue, 15 May 2012 06:17:00 GMT The first header instructs web browsers to cache the content for 24560 seconds relative to the time the content is downloaded and expire it after the time period elapses. The second header instructs web browser to expiry the content after 15th May 2011 06:17. Out of these two options which one to use – max-age or expires? I prefer max-age header for the following reasons As max-age  is a relative value and in most of the cases it makes sense to set relative expiry date rather than an absolute expiry date. Expire  header values are complex to set – time format should be proper, time zones should be appropriate. Even a small mistake in settings these values results in unexpected behaviour. As Expire header values are absolute, we need to  keep changing them at regular intervals. Lets say if we set 2011 June 1 as expiry date to all the image files of this blog, on 2011 June 2 we should modify the expiry date to something like 2012 Jan 1. This add burden of managing the Expire headers. Related: Amazon S3 Tips: Quickly Add/Modify HTTP Headers To All Files Recursively cc image flickr:rogue3w This article titled,HTTP Headers: Max-Age vs Expires – Which One To Choose?, was originally published at Tech Dreams. Grab our rss feed or fan us on Facebook to get updates from us.

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• How to add programs in context menu on desktop at one context name?

  - by tonni

  Hello I'm searching for answer how to put programs (not program) in context menu of desktop at one context name? Example: I want to create new context name which can be extendable to put inside more programs. That is like "New" or "View" that show as more options after using it. Here is what i tried (and is working when you want to put one program to desktop): I created in registry "New Folder" with name of some programs (i.e. "notepad") inside of this location HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\ Inside of new created folder ("notepad") i put one more time "New Folder" and name it "command" (must be same name) Inside of "command" at string ("Default") put the location through notepad ("C:\Windows\system32\notepad.exe") - and now when you click right mouse button on desktop will see new context text with name "notepad" what will of course open notepad if you use them Well what i'm searching for is to find solution of how to make context name which will offer as to use more that one programs, do you have any solution? O.S. win 7

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• Which Opensource License i release my new Youtube video download Project so no one can ask me that this project is against youtube?

  - by John Smiith

  i have designed new opensource youtube video downloader but download videos from youtube is against youtube How can i make this type of message : This is opensource project that is used to download videos from youtube but downloading videos from youtube is against youtube and use of this project under study purpose only. Or Which Opensource License i release so that no one can ask me that this is against youtube?

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• Is there any evidence that one of the current alternate JVM languages might catch on?

  - by FarmBoy

  There's been a lot of enthusiasm about JRuby, Jython, Groovy, and now Scala and Clojure as the language to be the successor to Java on the JVM. But currently only Groovy and Scala are in the TIOBE top 100, and none are in the top 50. Is there any reason to think that any of this bunch will ever gain significant adoption? My question is not primarily about TIOBE, but about any evidence that you might see that could indicate that one of these languages could get significant backing that goes beyond the enthusiasts.

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• Windows Server 2008 - one MAC Address, assign multiple external IP's to VirtualBoxes running as guests on host

  - by Sise

  Couldn't find any help @ google or here. The scenario: Windows Server 2008 Std x64 on i7-975, 12 GB RAM. The server is running in a data centre. One hardware NIC - RealTek PCIe GBE - one MAC Address. The data centre provides us 4 static external IP's. The first is assigned to the host by default of course. I have ordered all 4 IP's, the data centre can assign the available IP's to the physical MAC address of the given NIC only. This means one NIC, one MAC Address, 4 IP's. Everything works fine so far. Now, what I would like to have: Installed VirtualBox with 1-3 guests running, each gets it's own external IP assigned. Each of it should be an standalone Win Server 2008. It looks like the easiest way would be to put the guests into an virtual subnet and routing all data coming to the 2nd till 4th external IP through to this guests using there subnet IP's. I have been through the VirtualBox User Manuel regarding networking. What's not working: I can't use bridged networking without anything else, because the IP's are assigned to the one MAC address only. I can't use NAT networking because it does not allow access from outside or the host to the guest. I do not wanna use port forwarding. Host-only networking itself would not allow internet access, by sharing the default internet connection of the host, internet is granted from the guest to the outside but not from outside or the host to the guest. InternalNetworking is not really an option here. What I have tried is to create an additional MS Loopback adapter for a routed subnet, where the Vbox guests are in, now the idea was to NAT the internet connection to the loopback 'subnet'. But I can't ping the gateway from the guests. By using route command in the command shell or RRAS (static route, NAT) I didn't get there as well. Solutions like the following do work for the one way, but not for the way back: For your situation, it might be best to use the Host-Only adapter for ICS. Go to the preferences of VB itself and select network. There you can change the configuration for the interface. Set the IP address to 192.168.0.1, netmask 255.255.255.0. Disable the DHCP server if it isn't already and that's it. Now the Guest should get an IP from Windows itself and be able to get onto the internet, while you can also access the Host. Slowly I'm pretty stucked with this topic. There is a possibility I've just overlooked something or just didn't getting it by trying, especially using RRAS, but it's kinda hard to find useful howto's or something in the web. Thanks in advance! Best regards, Simon

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• Is it possible to write a program that pipes the sound from one computer through the sound card of another?

  - by Kenneth

  I have a case where I need to use one computer's sound card to play sound but I want the sound to be generated at another computer that's on the same network as the other. Ideally the program that does this would only run on the computer that was generating the sound, though I'm fairly certain that isn't possible based on the research I have been doing. What ever I do with it though the solution would need to be such that the computer actually playing the sound would be secure. Thanks for any input.

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• Prioritize One Network Share Over Another And/Or Cap Network Share Traffic? (Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise)

  - by FullTimeCoderPartTimeSysAdmin

  One of my fileservers is a hyper v VM running Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise. The NIC in the VM maps to a 1 GB NIC on the host that is dedicated just to this VM. I have two shares on the file server. One is very important and used by a few users. The other is less important but used by many users. The issue I'm having: When a ton of users are accessing the unimportant share, it can choke out requests to the important share. What I'd like to do: I'd like to some prioritize requests for for file on the more important share, or even dedicate a portion of the NIC's bandwidth just to requests for files on that share. Is there any way to do that? Alternately, can I add another NIC and specify that all traffic to one share goes over one NIC and traffic to the other share goes over the other?

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• Can I move a one drive RAID 0 array on a PERC 6 to another server?

  - by zippy

  We have a Dell Poweredge 2970 with a PERC 6/i RAID controller. We have a one drive RAID 0 array (we wanted to add the drive as a JBOD but the PERC forces you to create an array to access it from the PERC). Can we take the one drive RAID 0 and move it to a new server (one that doesn't have a PERC)? Since there's only one drive in the "array" there's no striping going on...the only issue would seem to be if the PERC has some metadata on the drive that would prevent Windows from reading it. Does anyone have any experience with this scenario?

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