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• Why can't decimal numbers be represented exactly in binary?

  - by Barry Brown

  There have been several questions posted to SO about floating-point representation. For example, the decimal number 0.1 doesn't have an exact binary representation, so it's dangerous to use the == operator to compare it to another floating-point number. I understand the principles behind floating-point representation. What I don't understand is why, from a mathematical perspective, are the numbers to the right of the decimal point any more "special" that the ones to the left? For example, the number 61.0 has an exact binary representation because the integral portion of any number is always exact. But the number 6.10 is not exact. All I did was move the decimal one place and suddenly I've gone from Exactopia to Inexactville. Mathematically, there should be no intrinsic difference between the two numbers -- they're just numbers. By contrast, if I move the decimal one place in the other direction to produce the number 610, I'm still in Exactopia. I can keep going in that direction (6100, 610000000, 610000000000000) and they're still exact, exact, exact. But as soon as the decimal crosses some threshold, the numbers are no longer exact. What's going on? Edit: to clarify, I want to stay away from discussion about industry-standard representations, such as IEEE, and stick with what I believe is the mathematically "pure" way. In base 10, the positional values are: ... 1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 ... In binary, they would be: ... 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 ... There are also no arbitrary limits placed on these numbers. The positions increase indefinitely to the left and to the right.

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• Quicksort / vector / partition issue

  - by xxx

  Hi, I have an issue with the following code : class quicksort { private: void _sort(double_it begin, double_it end) { if ( begin == end ) { return ; } double_it it = partition(begin, end, bind2nd(less<double>(), *begin)) ; iter_swap(begin, it-1); _sort(begin, it-1); _sort(it, end); } public: quicksort (){} void operator()(vector<double> & data) { double_it begin = data.begin(); double_it end = data.end() ; _sort(begin, end); } }; However, this won't work for too large a number of elements (it works with 10 000 elements, but not with 100 000). Example code : int main() { vector<double>v ; for(int i = n-1; i >= 0 ; --i) v.push_back(rand()); quicksort f; f(v); return 0; } Doesn't the STL partition function works for such sizes ? Or am I missing something ? Many thanks for your help.

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• boost::python string-convertible properties

  - by Checkers

  I have a C++ class, which has the following methods: class Bar { ... const Foo& getFoo() const; void setFoo(const Foo&); }; where class Foo is convertible to std::string (it has an implicit constructor from std::string and an std::string cast operator). I define a Boost.Python wrapper class, which, among other things, defines a property based on previous two functions: class_<Bar>("Bar") ... .add_property( "foo", make_function( &Bar::getFoo, return_value_policy<return_by_value>()), &Bar::setFoo) ... I also mark the class as convertible to/from std::string. implicitly_convertible<std::string, Foo>(); implicitly_convertible<Foo, std::string>(); But at runtime I still get a conversion error trying to access this property: TypeError: No to_python (by-value) converter found for C++ type: Foo How to achieve the conversion without too much boilerplate of wrapper functions? (I already have all the conversion functions in class Foo, so duplication is undesirable.

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• Implicit Type Conversions in Reflection

  - by bradhe

  So I've written a quick bit of code to help quickly convert between business objects and view models. Not to pimp my own blog, but you can find the details here if you're interested or need to know. One issue I've run in to is that I have a custom collection type, ProductCollection, and I need to turn that in to a string[] in on my model. Obviously, since there is no default implicit cast, I'm getting an exception in my contract converter. So, I thought I would write the next little bit of code and that should solve the problem: public static implicit operator string[](ProductCollection collection) { var list = new List<string>(); foreach (var product in collection) { if (product.Id == null) { list.Add(null); } else { list.Add(product.Id.ToString()); } } return list.ToArray(); } However, it still fails with the same cast exception. I'm wondering if it has something to do with being in reflection? If so, is there anything that I can do here?? I'm open to architectural solutions, too!

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• Is there a generic way of dealing with varying connection strings in C#?

  - by James Wiseman

  I have an application that needs to connect to a SQL database, and execute a SQL Agent Job. The connection string I am trying to access is stored in the registry, which is easily enough pulled out. This appliction is to be run on multiple computers, and I cannot guarantee the format of this connection string being consistent across these computers. Two that I have pulled out for example are: Data Source=Server1;Initial Catalog=DB1;Integrated Security=SSPI; Data Source=Server2;Initial Catalog=DB1;Provider=SQLNCLI.1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Auto Translate=False; I can use an object of type System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection to connect to the database with the first connection string, howevever, I get the following error when I pass the second to it: keyword not supported: 'provider' Similarly, I can use the an object of type System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection to connect to the database with the second connection string, howevever, I get the following error when I pass the first to it: An OLEDB Provider was not specified in the ConnectionString' I can solve this by scanning the string for 'Provider' and doing the connect conditionally, however I can't help but feel that there is a better way of doing this, and handle the connection strings in a more generic fashion. Does anyone have any suggestions?

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• Full Text Search like Google

  - by Eduardo

  I would like to implement full-text-search in my off-line (android) application to search the user generated list of notes. I would like it to behave just like Google (since most people are already used to querying to Google) My initial requirements are: Fast: like Google or as fast as possible, having 100000 documents with 200 hundred words each. Searching for two words should only return documents that contain both words (not just one word) (unless the OR operator is used) Case insensitive (aka: normalization): If I have the word 'Hello' and I search for 'hello' it should match. Diacritical mark insensitive: If I have the word 'así' a search for 'asi' should match. In Spanish, many people, incorrectly, either do not put diacritical marks or fail in correctly putting them. Stop word elimination: To not have a huge index meaningless words like 'and', 'the' or 'for' should not be indexed at all. Dictionary substitution (aka: stem words): Similar words should be indexed as one. For example, instances of 'hungrily' and 'hungry' should be replaced with 'hunger'. Phrase search: If I have the text 'Hello world!' a search of '"world hello"' should not match it but a search of '"hello world"' should match. Search all fields (in multifield documents) if no field specified (not just a default field) Auto-completion in search results while typing to give popular searches. (just like Google Suggest) How may I configure a full-text-search engine to behave as much as possible as Google? (I am mostly interested in Open Source, Java and in particular Lucene)

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• Generate and download a text file in javascript

  - by Mark B

  All my research so far suggests this can't be done, but I'm hoping someone here has some cunning ideas. I have a form on a website which allows users to bulk upload lots of URLs to add to a list on the server. There's quite a lot of server-side processing to do on each URL, so to avoid timeouts and to display progress, I've implemented the upload using jQuery to submit the URLs one at a time using ajax. This is all working nicely. However, part of the processing on each URL is deduplicating it against the complete list. The ajax call returns a status indicating either a successful upload or a rejection due to duplication. As the upload progresses, I tell the user how many URLs have been rejected as duplicates (along with overall progress and ETA). The problem now is how to give the user a complete list of the failed duplicate URLs. I've kept them in an array in my jQuery, and would like the user to be able to click on a link on the form to download a text file containing those URLs. Is this possible just using client-side processing? The server-side processing basically handles a single keyword at a time. I'd rather not have to store the duplicates in a database table with some kind of session key which gets sent with every ajax call, and is then used at the end to generate the text file server-side (and then gets cleaned up some time later). I can see how to do this, but it seems very clunky and a bit 20th century.

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• (Oracle) How get total number of results when using a pagination query?

  - by BestPractices

  I am using Oracle 10g and the following paradigm to get a page of 15 results as a time (so that when the user is looking at page 2 of a search result, they see records 16-30). select * from ( select rownum rnum, a.* from (my_query) a where rownum <= 30 ) where rnum > 15; Right now I'm having to run a separate SQL statement to do a "select count" on "my_query" in order to get the total number of results for my_query (so that I can show it to the user and use it to figure out total number of pages, etc). Is there any way to get the total number of results without doing this via a second query, i.e. by getting it from above query? I've tried adding "max(rownum)", but it doesn't seem to work (I get an error [ORA-01747] that seems to indicate it doesnt like me having the keyword rownum in the group by). My rationale for wanting to get this from the original query rather than doing it in a separate SQL statement is that "my_query" is an expensive query so I'd rather not run it twice (once to get the count, and once to get the page of data) if I dont have to; but whatever solution I can come up with to get the number of results from within a single query (and at the same time get the page of data I need) should not add much if any additional overhead, if possible. Please advise. Here is exactly what I'm trying to do for which I receive an ORA-01747 error because I believe it doesnt like me having ROWNUM in the group by. Note, If there is another solution that doesnt use max(ROWNUM), but something else, that is perfectly fine too. This solution was my first thought as to what might work. SELECT * FROM (SELECT r.*, ROWNUM RNUM, max(ROWNUM) FROM (SELECT t0.ABC_SEQ_ID AS c0, t0.FIRST_NAME, t0.LAST_NAME, t1.SCORE FROM ABC t0, XYZ t1 WHERE (t0.XYZ_ID = 751) AND t0.XYZ_ID = t1.XYZ_ID ORDER BY t0.RANK ASC) r WHERE ROWNUM <= 30 GROUP BY r.*, ROWNUM) WHERE RNUM > 15

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• LINQ : How to query how to sort result by most similarity/equality

  - by aNui

  I want to do a search for Music instruments which has its informations Name, Category and Origin as I asked in my post. But now I want to sort/group the result by similarity/equality to the keyword such as. If I have the list { Harp, Piano, Drum, Guitar, Guitarrón } and if I queried "p" the result should be { Piano, Harp } but it shows Harp first because of the list's sequence and if I add {Grand Piano} to the list and query "piano" the result shoud be like { Piano, Grand Piano } here's my code static IEnumerable<MInstrument> InstrumentsSearch(IEnumerable<MInstrument> InstrumentsList, string query, MInstrument.Category[] SelectedCategories, MInstrument.Origin[] SelectedOrigins) { var result = InstrumentsList .Where(item => SelectedCategories.Contains(item.category)) .Where(item => SelectedOrigins.Contains(item.origin)) .Where(item => { if ( (" " + item.Name.ToLower()).Contains(" " + query.ToLower()) || item.Name.IndexOf(query) != -1 ) { return true; } return false; } ) .Take(30); return result.ToList<MInstrument>(); } Or the result may be like my old self-invented algorithm that I called "by order of occurence", that is just OK to me. Is there any way to do that, please tell me. Thanks in advance.

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• Extend and Overload MS and Point Types

  - by dr d b karron

  Do I have make my own Point and Vector types to overload them ? Why does this not work ? namespace System . windows { public partial struct Point : IFormattable { public static Point operator * ( Point P , double D ) { Point Po = new Point ( ); return Po; } } } namespace SilverlightApplication36 { public partial class MainPage : UserControl { public static void ShrinkingRectangle ( WriteableBitmap wBM , int x1 , int y1 , int x2 , int y2 , Color C ) { wBM . DrawRectangle ( x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 , Colors . Red ); Point Center = Mean ( x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 ); wBM . SetPixel ( Center , Colors.Blue , 3 ); Point P1 = new Point ( x1 , y1 ); Point P2 = new Point ( x1 , y2 ); Point P3 = new Point ( x1 , y2 ); Point P4 = new Point ( x2 , y1 ); const int Steps = 10; for ( int i = 0 ; i < Steps ; i++ ) { double iF = (double)(i+1) / (double)Steps; double jF = ( 1.0 - iF ); Point P11 = **P1 * jF;** } }

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• asp.net ajax collapsible panel in ie8 problem

  - by stuart

  Anyone try this simple bit of code in an ie8 browswer and try refreshing the page, in ie8 you will get an error around getelementbyid on refresh. When i run it it complains of not being able to find control with id of 'ctl00_main_dd' <cc1:CollapsiblePanelExtender ID="CollapsiblePanelExtender2" runat="server" ImageControlID="Image2" CollapsedImage="~/App_Themes/IMStandard/icons/uparrow.png" ExpandedImage="~/App_Themes/IMStandard/icons/downarrow.png" CollapseControlID="dd" ExpandControlID="dd" TargetControlID="pnlQuickKeywordSearch" SuppressPostBack="true"> </cc1:CollapsiblePanelExtender> <asp:Panel ID="dd" runat="server"> <h3 class="loginHeader"> <asp:Image ID="Image2" runat="server" /> &nbsp;&nbsp;Quick Keyword search&nbsp;<asp:Image ID="HelpIconImage" runat="server" Width="16px" Height="16px" ImageUrl="~/App_Themes/IMStandard/icons/help.png" /></h3> </asp:Panel> <asp:Panel ID="pnlQuickKeywordSearch" Style="float: left; border: double 3px #C9DF86;" runat="server" > <div style="clear: both; padding: 5px;"> </div></asp:Panel> Anybody know why this is happening? is it a bug in ie8 or am i missing something? By the way, i am using masterpages, but i dont think that has anything to do with it. Thanks

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• array of structures, or structure of arrays?

  - by Jason S

  Hmmm. I have a table which is an array of structures I need to store in Java. The naive don't-worry-about-memory approach says do this: public class Record { final private int field1; final private int field2; final private long field3; /* constructor & accessors here */ } List<Record> records = new ArrayList<Record>(); If I end up using a large number ( 106 ) of records, where individual records are accessed occasionally, one at a time, how would I figure out how the preceding approach (an ArrayList) would compare with an optimized approach for storage costs: public class OptimizedRecordStore { final private int[] field1; final private int[] field2; final private long[] field3; Record getRecord(int i) { return new Record(field1[i],field2[i],field3[i]); } /* constructor and other accessors & methods */ } edit: assume the # of records is something that is changed infrequently or never I'm probably not going to use the OptimizedRecordStore approach, but I want to understand the storage cost issue so I can make that decision with confidence. obviously if I add/change the # of records in the OptimizedRecordStore approach above, I either have to replace the whole object with a new one, or remove the "final" keyword. kd304 brings up a good point that was in the back of my mind. In other situations similar to this, I need column access on the records, e.g. if field1 and field2 are "time" and "position", and it's important for me to get those values as an array for use with MATLAB, so I can graph/analyze them efficiently.

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• SQL - Updating records based on most recent date

  - by Remnant

  I am having difficulty updating records within a database based on the most recent date and am looking for some guidance. By the way, I am new to SQL. As background, I have a windows forms application with SQL Express and am using ADO.NET to interact with the database. The application is designed to enable the user to track employee attendance on various courses that must be attended on a periodic basis (e.g. every 6 months, every year etc.). For example, they can pull back data to see the last time employees attended a given course and also update attendance dates if an employee has recently completed a course. I have three data tables: EmployeeDetailsTable - simple list of employees names, email address etc., each with unique ID CourseDetailsTable - simple list of courses, each with unique ID (e.g. 1, 2, 3 etc.) AttendanceRecordsTable - has 3 columns { EmployeeID, CourseID, AttendanceDate, Comments } For any given course, an employee will have an attendance history i.e. if the course needs to be attended each year then they will have one record for as many years as they have been at the company. What I want to be able to do is to update the 'Comments' field for a given employee and given course based on the most recent attendance date. What is the 'correct' SQL syntax for this? I have tried many things (like below) but cannot get it to work: UPDATE AttendanceRecordsTable SET Comments = @Comments WHERE AttendanceRecordsTable.EmployeeID = (SELECT EmployeeDetailsTable.EmployeeID FROM EmployeeDetailsTable WHERE (EmployeeDetailsTable.LastName =@ParameterLastName AND EmployeeDetailsTable.FirstName =@ParameterFirstName) AND AttendanceRecordsTable.CourseID = (SELECT CourseDetailsTable.CourseID FROM CourseDetailsTable WHERE CourseDetailsTable.CourseName =@CourseName)) GROUP BY MAX(AttendanceRecordsTable.LastDate) After much googling, I discovered that MAX is an aggregate function and so I need to use GROUP BY. I have also tried using the HAVING keyword but without success. Can anybody point me in the right direction? What is the 'conventional' syntax to update a database record based on the most recent date?

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• Should not a tail-recursive function also be faster?

  - by Balint Erdi

  I have the following Clojure code to calculate a number with a certain "factorable" property. (what exactly the code does is secondary). (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (factor-9 (quot n 10)))))) Now, I'm into TCO and realize that Clojure can only provide tail-recursion if explicitly told so using the recur keyword. So I've rewritten the code to do that (replacing factor-9 with recur being the only difference): (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (recur (quot n 10)))))) To my knowledge, TCO has a double benefit. The first one is that it does not use the stack as heavily as a non tail-recursive call and thus does not blow it on larger recursions. The second, I think is that consequently it's faster since it can be converted to a loop. Now, I've made a very rough benchmark and have not seen any difference between the two implementations although. Am I wrong in my second assumption or does this have something to do with running on the JVM (which does not have automatic TCO) and recur using a trick to achieve it? Thank you.

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• Would making plain int 64-bit break a lot of reasonable code?

  - by R..

  Until recently, I'd considered the decision by most systems implementors/vendors to keep plain int 32-bit even on 64-bit machines a sort of expedient wart. With modern C99 fixed-size types (int32_t and uint32_t, etc.) the need for there to be a standard integer type of each size 8, 16, 32, and 64 mostly disappears, and it seems like int could just as well be made 64-bit. However, the biggest real consequence of the size of plain int in C comes from the fact that C essentially does not have arithmetic on smaller-than-int types. In particular, if int is larger than 32-bit, the result of any arithmetic on uint32_t values has type signed int, which is rather unsettling. Is this a good reason to keep int permanently fixed at 32-bit on real-world implementations? I'm leaning towards saying yes. It seems to me like there could be a huge class of uses of uint32_t which break when int is larger than 32 bits. Even applying the unary minus or bitwise complement operator becomes dangerous unless you cast back to uint32_t. Of course the same issues apply to uint16_t and uint8_t on current implementations, but everyone seems to be aware of and used to treating them as "smaller-than-int" types.

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• LINQ to SQL: Reusable expression for property?

  - by coenvdwel

  Pardon me for being unable to phrase the title more exact. Basically, I have three LINQ objects linked to tables. One is Product, the other is Company and the last is a mapping table Mapping to store what Company sells which products and by which ID this Company refers to this Product. I am now retrieving a list of products as follows: var options = new DataLoadOptions(); options.LoadWith<Product>(p => p.Mappings); context.LoadOptions = options; var products = ( from p in context.Products select new { ProductID = p.ProductID, //BackendProductID = p.BackendProductID, BackendProductID = (p.Mappings.Count == 0) ? "None" : (p.Mappings.Count > 1) ? "Multiple" : p.Mappings.First().BackendProductID, Description = p.Description } ).ToList(); This does a single query retrieving the information I want. But I want to be able to move the logic behind the BackendProductID into the LINQ object so I can use the commented line instead of the annoyingly nested ternary operator statements for neatness and re-usability. So I added the following property to the Product object: public string BackendProductID { get { if (Mappings.Count == 0) return "None"; if (Mappings.Count > 1) return "Multiple"; return Mappings.First().BackendProductID; } } The list is still the same, but it now does a query for every single Product to get it's BackendProductID. The code is neater and re-usable, but the performance now is terrible. What I need is some kind of Expression or Delegate but I couldn't get my head around writing one. It always ended up querying for every single product, still. Any help would be appreciated!

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• Dealing with SQLException with spring,hibernate & Postgres

  - by mad

  Hi im working on a project using HibernateDaoSUpport from my Daos from Spring & spring-ws & hibernate & postgres who will be used in a national application (means a lot of users) Actually, every exception from hibernate is automatically transformed into some specific Spring dataAccesException. I have a table with a keyword on the dabatase & a unique constraint on the keywords : no duplicate keywords is allowed. I have found twows ways to deal with with that in the Insert Dao: 1- Check for the duplicate manually (with a select) prior to doing your insert. I means that the spring transaction will have a SERIALIZABLE isolation level. The obvious drawback is that we have now 2 queries for a simple insert.Advantage: independent of the database 2-let the insert gone & catch the SqlException & convert it to a userfriendly message & errorcode to the final consumer of our webservices. Solution 2: Spring has developped a way to translate specific exeptions into customized exceptions. see http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/marx_spring.html In my case i would have a ConstraintViolationException. Ideally i would like to write a custom SQLExceptionTranslator to map the duplicate word constraint in the database with a DuplicateWordException. But i can have many unique constraints on the same table. So i have to get the message of the SQLEXceptions in order to find the name of the constraint declared in the create table "uq_duplicate-constraint" for example. Now i have a strong dependency with the database. Thanks in advance for your answers & excuse me for my poor english (it is not my mother tongue)

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• How to enforce users to create objects of class derived from mine with "new" only?

  - by sharptooth

  To implement reference counting we use an IUnknown-like interface and a smart pointer template class. The interface has implementation for all the reference-count methods, including Release(): void IUnknownLike::Release() { if( --refCount == 0 ) { delete this; } } The smart pointer template class has a copy constructor and an assignment operator both accepting raw pointers. So users can do the following: class Class : public IUnknownLike { }; void someFunction( CSmartPointer<Class> object ); //whatever function Class object; someFunction( &object ); and the program runs into undefined behavior - the object is created with reference count zero, the smart pointer is constructed and bumps it to one, then the function returns, smart pointer is destroyed, calls Release() which leads to delete of a stack-allocated variable. Users can as well do the following: struct COuter { //whatever else; Class inner;// IUnknownLike descendant }; COuter object; somefunction( &object.Inner ); and again an object not created with new is deleted. Undefined behavior at its best. Is there any way to change the IUnknownLike interface so that the user is forced to use new for creating all objects derived from IUnknownLike - both directly derived and indirectly derived (with classes in between the most derived and the base)?

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• JVM GC demote object to eden space?

  - by Kevin

  I'm guessing this isn't possible...but here goes. My understanding is that eden space is cheaper to collect than old gen space, especially when you start getting into very large heaps. Large heaps tend to come up with long running applications (server apps) and server apps a lot of the time want to use some kind of caches. Caches with some kind of eviction (LRU) tend to defeat some assumptions that GC makes (temporary objects die quickly). So cache evictions end up filling up old gen faster than you'd like and you end up with a more costly old gen collection. Now, it seems like this sort of thing could be avoided if java provided a way to mark a reference as about to die (delete keyword)? The difference between this and c++ is that the use is optional. And calling delete does not actually delete the object, but rather is a hint to the GC that it should demote the object back to Eden space (where it will be more easily collected). I'm guessing this feature doesn't exist, but, why not (is there a reason it's a bad idea)?

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• How to improve multi-threaded access to Cache (custom implementation)

  - by Andy

  I have a custom Cache implementation, which allows to cache TCacheable<TKey> descendants using LRU (Least Recently Used) cache replacement algorithm. Every time an element is accessed, it is bubbled up to the top of the LRU queue using the following synchronized function: // a single instance is created to handle all TCacheable<T> elements public class Cache() { private object syncQueue = new object(); private void topQueue(TCacheable<T> el) { lock (syncQueue) if (newest != el) { if (el.elder != null) el.elder.newer = el.newer; if (el.newer != null) el.newer.elder = el.elder; if (oldest == el) oldest = el.newer; if (oldest == null) oldest = el; if (newest != null) newest.newer = el; el.newer = null; el.elder = newest; newest = el; } } } The bottleneck in this function is the lock() operator, which limits cache access to just one thread at a time. Question: Is it possible to get rid of lock(syncQueue) in this function while still preserving the queue integrity?

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• C++: calling non-member functions with the same syntax of member ones

  - by peoro

  One thing I'd like to do in C++ is to call non-member functions with the same syntax you call member functions: class A { }; void f( A & this ) { /* ... */ } // ... A a; a.f(); // this is the same as f(a); Of course this could only work as long as f is not virtual (since it cannot appear in A's virtual table. f doesn't need to access A's non-public members. f doesn't conflict with a function declared in A (A::f). I'd like such a syntax because in my opinion it would be quite comfortable and would push good habits: calling str.strip() on a std::string (where strip is a function defined by the user) would sound a lot better than calling strip( str );. most of the times (always?) classes provide some member functions which don't require to be member (ie: are not virtual and don't use non-public members). This breaks encapsulation, but is the most practical thing to do (due to point 1). My question here is: what do you think of such feature? Do you think it would be something nice, or something that would introduce more issues than the ones it aims to solve? Could it make sense to propose such a feature to the next standard (the one after C++0x)? Of course this is just a brief description of this idea; it is not complete; we'd probably need to explicitly mark a function with a special keyword to let it work like this and many other stuff.

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• PDFParsing & extracting the images only in iPhone application.

  - by sagar

  Hello - Every one. ** : My Query : ** I want to extract only images from entire pdf document. ( Using Objective C - for iPhone Application ) : My Efforts : I have gone through this link which has details regarding different operators of PDF Document. ( http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/pdfbox-commits/200912.mbox/%[email protected]%3E ) I also studied this document - ( http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Conceptual/drawingwithquartz2d/dq_pdf_scan/dq_pdf_scan.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30001066-CH220-TPXREF101 ) I also have gone through entire document of PDFReference.pdf ( From original Adobe Site ) PDFReference.pdf (Adobe Document - says that - for image there are following operators ) q Q BI EI I have placed following table get the image myTable = CGPDFOperatorTableCreate(); CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback(myTable, "q", arrayCallback2); CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback(myTable, "TJ", arrayCallback); CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback(myTable, "Tj", stringCallback); I have following arrayCallback2 method for getting image void arrayCallback2(CGPDFScannerRef inScanner, void *userInfo) { // how to extract image from this code // means I have tried too many different ways. following is incorrect way & not giving image // CGPDFStreamRef stream; // represents a sequence of bytes // if (CGPDFDictionaryGetStream (d, "BI", &stream)){ // CGPDFDataFormat t=CGPDFDataFormatJPEG2000; // CFDataRef data = CGPDFStreamCopyData (stream, &t); // } } above arrayCallback2 method is called for operator "q", But I don't know How to extract the image from it. In short. What should be the solution for extracting the images from the pdf documents? Thanks in advance for your kind help. Sagar kothari.

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• vector <T *> destructor

  - by Daniel.Z

  I have a class defined like: Class A { public: int num; A *parent; vector<A *> children; ... // constructor without parameters A(void) { this->num = 3; this->parent = 0; for (int i=0;i<num;++i) children.push_back(new A(this,num-1)); } // constructor with parameters A(A *a,int n) { this->num = n; this->children->parent = a; for (int i=0;i<num;++i) this->children.push_back(new A(this,this->num-1)); } }; now, the constructor works fine. there are some problem with destructor. currently, the destructor is defined as: A::~A(void) { if (this->parent!=0) this->parent = 0; for (int i=0;i<(int)children.size();++i) this->children[i]->~A(); vector <A *> ().swap(this->children); } but every time when I debug it, it will break at: void deallocate(pointer _Ptr, size_type) { // deallocate object at _Ptr, ignore size ::operator delete(_Ptr); } it looks like I cannot delete the pointer in the vector of this-children, is there any way that I can de-construct the class successfully?

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• What does it mean to pass a &variable to a function? E.g., string& insert ( size_t pos1, const strin

  - by Bob Montgomery

  I understand passing a pointer, and returning a pointer: char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source ); You're passing a variable that contains the address to a char; returning the same. But what does it mean to pass something using the reference operator? Or to return it? string& insert ( size_t pos1, const string& str ); I mean, I understand what actually happens, I just don't understand the notation. Why isn't the notation this instead: string * insert ( size_t pos1, const string * str ); //made up I presume it has something to do with passing/returning the instance of a class, but what? Is this syntax valid; if not why not and if so what does it mean? char & strcat ( char & destination, const char & source ); //made up (all of the function declarations, except the last made-up two, are from http://www.cplusplus.com )

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• C++ find multiple keys from a std::multimap

  - by sch0ck9

  I have a STL::multimap and I search to populate a std::list with value which key is duplicated. Can I find/insert to a std::list the value of elements for all key where count 1 without counting them one by one? std::multimap<int, std::string> mm ; mm[0] = "a" ; mm[1] = "b" ; mm[0] = "c" ; mm[2] = "j" ; mm[2] = "k" ; std::list<std::string> lst ; lst might contains "a" ,"c","j","k" ; I try this template <class K, class V> class extract_value { private: K last_key_ ; std::list<V> m_list_value ; std::pair<K, V> first_elem ; public: extract_value(const K& k_): last_key_(k_) { } void operator() (std::pair<const K, V> elem) { if (last_key_ == elem.first) { m_list_value.push_back(elem.second) ; } else { // First entry last_key_ = elem.first; first_elem= elem ; } } std::list<V> get_value() { return m_list_value ; } }; ex_ = for_each(mm.begin(),mm.end(), extract_value<int, std::string>(0)) ; std::list<std::string> lst = ex_.get_value() ; I'm not sure that this code compile.

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