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  • C#: Struct Constructor: "fields must be fully assigned before control is returned to the caller."

    - by Rosarch
    Here is a struct I am trying to write: public struct AttackTraits { public AttackTraits(double probability, int damage, float distance) { Probability = probability; Distance = distance; Damage = damage; } private double probability; public double Probability { get { return probability; } set { if (value > 1 || value < 0) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Probability values must be in the range [0, 1]"); } probability = value; } } public int Damage { get; set; } public float Distance { get; set; } } This results in the following compilation errors: The 'this' object cannot be used before all of its fields are assigned to Field 'AttackTraits.probability' must be fully assigned before control is returned to the caller Backing field for automatically implemented property 'AttackTraits.Damage' must be fully assigned before control is returned to the caller. Consider calling the default constructor from a constructor initializer. Backing field for automatically implemented property 'AttackTraits.Distance' must be fully assigned before control is returned to the caller. Consider calling the default constructor from a constructor initializer. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Why cant we create Object if constructor is in private section?

    - by Abhi
    Dear all I want to know why cant we create object if the constructor is in private section. I know that if i make a method static i can call that method using <classname> :: <methodname(...)>; But why cant we create object is my doubt... I also know if my method is not static then also i can call function by the following... class A { A(); public: void fun1(); void fun2(); void fun3(); }; int main() { A *obj =(A*)malloc(sizeof(A)); //Here we can't use new A() because constructor is in private //but we can use malloc with it, but it will not call the constructor //and hence it is harmful because object may not be in usable state. obj->fun1(); obj->fun2(); obj->fun3(); } So only doubt is why cant we create object when constructor is in private section? Thanks in advance

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  • How is the C++ synthesized move constructor affected by volatile and virtual members?

    - by user1827766
    Look at the following code: struct node { node(); //node(const node&); //#1 //node(node&&); //#2 virtual //#3 ~node (); node* volatile //#4 next; }; main() { node m(node()); //#5 node n=node(); //#6 } When compiled with gcc-4.6.1 it produces the following error: g++ -g --std=c++0x -c -o node.o node.cc node.cc: In constructor node::node(node&&): node.cc:3:8: error: expression node::next has side-effects node.cc: In function int main(): node.cc:18:14: note: synthesized method node::node(node&&) first required here As I understand the compiler fails to create default move or copy constructor on line #6, if I uncomment either line #1 or #2 it compiles fine, that is clear. The code compiles fine without c++0x option, so the error is related to default move constructor. However, what in the node class prevents default move constructor to be created? If I comment any of the lines #3 or #4 (i.e. make the destructor non-virtual or make data member non-volatile) it compiles again, so is it the combination of these two makes it not to compile? Another puzzle, line #5 does not cause an compilation error, what is different from line #6? Is it all specific for gcc? or gcc-4.6.1?

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  • Are the ASP.net __EVENTTARGET and __EVENTARGUMENT susceptible to SQL injection?

    - by Schleichermann
    A security review was done against one of our ASP.net applications and returned in the test results was a SQL Injection Exposures considered to be a high risk item. The test that was performed passed a SQL statement as the value of the __EVENTTARGET and the __EVENTARGUMENT. I am wondering since these 2 values are ASP.net auto-generated hidden fields used for the Auto-Postback feature of the framework and hold information specific to the controls initiating the postback, is there really the potential for SQL injection if you are never manually calling and or pulling values out of these parameters in your code behind?

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  • Are there any differences between SQL Server and MySQL when it comes to preventing SQL injection?

    - by Derek Adair
    I am used to developing in PHP/MySQL and have no experience developing with SQL Server. I've skimmed over the PHP MSSQL documentation and it looks similar to MySQLi in some of the methods I read about. For example, with MySQL I utilize the function mysql_real_excape_string(). Is there a similar function with PHP/SQL Server? What steps do I need to take in order to protect against SQL injection with SQL Server? What are the differences between SQL Server and MySQL pertaining to SQL injection prevention? also - is this post accurate? is the escape string character for SQL Server a single quote?

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  • Are there any differences between MSSQL and MySQL when it comes to preventing SQL injection?

    - by Derek Adair
    I am used to developing in PHP/MySQL and have no experience developing with MSSQL. I've skimmed over the PHP MSSQL documentation and it looks similar to MySQLi in some of the methods I read about. For example, with MySQL I utilize the function mysql_real_excape_string(). Is there a similar function with PHP/MSSQL? What steps do I need to take in order to protect against SQL injection with MSSQL? What are the differences between MSSQL and MySQL pertaining to SQL injection prevention?

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  • Is there any injection vunerability in the body of an email?

    - by Brett
    Hey guys..... AFAIK there is only a vulnerability within the HEADERS of an email when using user data correct? I am using the below function to sanitize my data, however I have some textarea fields on the page & hence these may contain linebreaks.. so was wondering if that user data is only going to be put in the body of the email, can it not bother with being sanitized - apart from stripping html of course? Here is the function: function is_injected($str) { $injections = array('(\n+)', '(\r+)', '(\t+)', '(%0A+)', '(%0D+)', '(%08+)', '(%09+)' ); $inject = join('|', $injections); $inject = "/$inject/i"; if (preg_match($inject,$str)) { return true; } else { return false; } } As a side note, surprised there wasn't currently a tag for mail-injection / email-injection. Thanks!

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  • Why isn't the static constructor of the parent class called when invoking a method on a nested class

    - by Ryan Ische
    Given the following code, why isn't the static constructor of "Outer" called after the first line of "Main"? namespace StaticTester { class Program { static void Main( string[] args ) { Outer.Inner.Go(); Console.WriteLine(); Outer.Go(); Console.ReadLine(); } } public static partial class Outer { static Outer() { Console.Write( "In Outer's static constructor\n" ); } public static void Go() { Console.Write( "Outer Go\n" ); } public static class Inner { static Inner() { Console.Write( "In Inner's static constructor\n" ); } public static void Go() { Console.Write( "Inner Go\n" ); } } } }

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  • What is the difference between a constructor and a procedure in Delphi records?

    - by HMcG
    Is there difference in behavior between a constructor call and a procedure call in Delphi records? I have a D2010 code sample I want to convert to D2009 (which I am using). The sample uses a parameterless constructor, which is not permitted in Delphi 2009. If I substitute a simple parameterless procedure call, is there any functional difference for records? I.E. TVector = record private FImpl: IVector; public constructor Create; // not allowed in D2009 end; becomes TVector = record private FImpl: IVector; public procedure Create; // so change to procedure end; As far as I can see this should work, but I may be missing something.

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  • How are Flash library symbols constructed? Why are width/height already available in constructor?

    - by Triynko
    Suppose I draw a square on the stage, convert it to a symbol, export it for ActionScript with a classname of "MySquare" (and of course a base class of MovieClip). How is it that in the MySquare constructor, the width and height of this MovieClip are already available? In fact, any named instances in the clip are also available. I'm confused about how the Flash player seems to be able to pre-construct my movie clip by populating its properties and child clips before my constructor for the class ever runs. I thought that it would have to first construct the clip, calling my constructor code, and then construct and add any children, but obviously the player is doing something special for clips designed in the Flash authoring environment.

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  • Dependency Injection Introduction

    - by MarkPearl
    I recently was going over a great book called “Dependency Injection in .Net” by Mark Seeman. So far I have really enjoyed the book and would recommend anyone looking to get into DI to give it a read. Today I thought I would blog about the first example Mark gives in his book to illustrate some of the benefits that DI provides. The ones he lists are Late binding Extensibility Parallel Development Maintainability Testability To illustrate some of these benefits he gives a HelloWorld example using DI that illustrates some of the basic principles. It goes something like this… class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var writer = new ConsoleMessageWriter(); var salutation = new Salutation(writer); salutation.Exclaim(); Console.ReadLine(); } } public interface IMessageWriter { void Write(string message); } public class ConsoleMessageWriter : IMessageWriter { public void Write(string message) { Console.WriteLine(message); } } public class Salutation { private readonly IMessageWriter _writer; public Salutation(IMessageWriter writer) { _writer = writer; } public void Exclaim() { _writer.Write("Hello World"); } }   If you had asked me a few years ago if I had thought this was a good approach to solving the HelloWorld problem I would have resounded “No”. How could the above be better than the following…. class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); Console.ReadLine(); } }  Today, my mind-set has changed because of the pain of past programs. So often we can look at a small snippet of code and make judgements when we need to keep in mind that we will most probably be implementing these patterns in projects with hundreds of thousands of lines of code and in projects that we have tests that we don’t want to break and that’s where the first solution outshines the latter. Let’s see if the first example achieves some of the outcomes that were listed as benefits of DI. Could I test the first solution easily? Yes… We could write something like the following using NUnit and RhinoMocks… [TestFixture] public class SalutationTests { [Test] public void ExclaimWillWriteCorrectMessageToMessageWriter() { var writerMock = MockRepository.GenerateMock<IMessageWriter>(); var sut = new Salutation(writerMock); sut.Exclaim(); writerMock.AssertWasCalled(x => x.Write("Hello World")); } }   This would test the existing code fine. Let’s say we then wanted to extend the original solution so that we had a secure message writer. We could write a class like the following… public class SecureMessageWriter : IMessageWriter { private readonly IMessageWriter _writer; private readonly string _secretPassword; public SecureMessageWriter(IMessageWriter writer, string secretPassword) { _writer = writer; _secretPassword = secretPassword; } public void Write(string message) { if (_secretPassword == "Mark") { _writer.Write(message); } else { _writer.Write("Unauthenticated"); } } }   And then extend our implementation of the program as follows… class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var writer = new SecureMessageWriter(new ConsoleMessageWriter(), "Mark"); var salutation = new Salutation(writer); salutation.Exclaim(); Console.ReadLine(); } }   Our application has now been successfully extended and yet we did very little code change. In addition, our existing tests did not break and we would just need add tests for the extended functionality. Would this approach allow parallel development? Well, I am in two camps on parallel development but with some planning ahead of time it would allow for it as you would simply need to decide on the interface signature and could then have teams develop different sections programming to that interface. So,this was really just a quick intro to some of the basic concepts of DI that Mark introduces very successfully in his book. I am hoping to blog about this further as I continue through the book to list some of the more complex implementations of containers.

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  • Configuring Unity with a closed generic constructor parmater

    - by fearofawhackplanet
    I've been trying to read the article here but I still can't understand it. I have a constructor resembling the following: IOrderStore orders = new OrderStore(new Repository<Order>(new OrdersDataContext())); The constructor for OrderStore: public OrderStore(IRepository<Order> orderRepository) Constructor for Repository<T>: public Repository(DataContext dataContext) How do I set this up in the Unity config file? UPDATE: I've spent the last few hours banging my head against this, and although I'm not really any closer to getting it right I think at least I can be a little more specific about the problem. I've got my IRespository<T> working ok: <typeAlias alias="IRepository" type="MyAssembly.IRepository`1, MyAssembly" /> <typeAlias alias="Repository" type="MyAssembly.Repository`1, MyAssembly" /> <typeAlias alias="OrdersDataContext" type="MyAssembly.OrdersDataContext, MyAssembly" /> <types> <type type="OrdersDataContext"> <typeConfig> <constructor /> <!-- ensures paramaterless constructor used --> </typeConfig> </type> <type type="IRepository" mapTo="Repository"> <typeConfig> <constructor> <param name="dataContext" parameterType="OrdersDataContext"> <dependency /> </param> </constructor> </typeConfig> </type> </types> So now I can get an IRepository like so: IRepository rep = _container.Resolve(); and that all works fine. The problem now is when trying to add the configuration for IOrderStore <type type="IOrderStore" mapTo="OrderStore"> <typeConfig> <constructor> <param name="ordersRepository" parameterType="IRepository"> <dependency /> </param> </constructor> </typeConfig> </type> When I add this, Unity blows up when trying to load the config file. The error message is OrderStore does not have a constructor that takes the parameters (IRepository`1). What I think this is complaining about is because the OrderStore constructor takes a closed IRepository generic type, ie OrderStore(IRepository<Order>) and not OrderStore(IRepository<T>) I don't have any idea how to resolve this.

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  • When using Dependency Injection with StructureMap how do I chooose among multiple constructors?

    - by Mark Rogers
    I'm trying to get structuremap to build Fluent Nhibernate's SessionSource object for some of my intregration tests. The only problem is that Fluent's concrete implementation of ISessionSource (SessionSource) has 3 constructors: public SessionSource(PersistenceModel model) { Initialize(new Configuration().Configure(), model); } public SessionSource(IDictionary<string, string> properties, PersistenceModel model) { Initialize(new Configuration().AddProperties(properties), model); } public SessionSource(FluentConfiguration config) { configuration = config.Configuration; sessionFactory = config.BuildSessionFactory(); dialect = Dialect.GetDialect(configuration.Properties); } I've tried configuring my ObjectFactory supplying an argument for the first constructor but it seems like it wants to try the second one. How do I configure my ObjectFactory so that I can choose the first constructor or perhaps even another one if I decide to use that?

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  • Representing complex object dependencies

    - by max
    I have several classes with a reasonably complex (but acyclic) dependency graph. All the dependencies are of the form: class X instance contains an attribute of class Y. All such attributes are set during initialization and never changed again. Each class' constructor has just a couple parameters, and each object knows the proper parameters to pass to the constructors of the objects it contains. class Outer is at the top of the dependency hierarchy, i.e., no class depends on it. Currently, the UI layer only creates an Outer instance; the parameters for Outer constructor are derived from the user input. Of course, Outer in the process of initialization, creates the objects it needs, which in turn create the objects they need, and so on. The new development is that the a user who knows the dependency graph may want to reach deep into it, and set the values of some of the arguments passed to constructors of the inner classes (essentially overriding the values used currently). How should I change the design to support this? I could keep the current approach where all the inner classes are created by the classes that need them. In this case, the information about "user overrides" would need to be passed to Outer class' constructor in some complex user_overrides structure. Perhaps user_overrides could be the full logical representation of the dependency graph, with the overrides attached to the appropriate edges. Outer class would pass user_overrides to every object it creates, and they would do the same. Each object, before initializing lower level objects, will find its location in that graph and check if the user requested an override to any of the constructor arguments. Alternatively, I could rewrite all the objects' constructors to take as parameters the full objects they require. Thus, the creation of all the inner objects would be moved outside the whole hierarchy, into a new controller layer that lies between Outer and UI layer. The controller layer would essentially traverse the dependency graph from the bottom, creating all the objects as it goes. The controller layer would have to ask the higher-level objects for parameter values for the lower-level objects whenever the relevant parameter isn't provided by the user. Neither approach looks terribly simple. Is there any other approach? Has this problem come up enough in the past to have a pattern that I can read about? I'm using Python, but I don't think it matters much at the design level.

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  • Explicit constructor still has default values even though a default constructor is not invoked.

    - by Phoenix
    According to my understanding a default constructor initializes the state of the object to default values, so if i provide an explicit no-arg public constructor like this then how are the values of d and e still getting initialized to zero because in this case the default constructor is not invoked. public class B extends A{ private int d; private int e; public B() { System.out.println(d); System.out.println(e); } } EDIT:: The only thing default constructor does is call to super() then how come if i have a explicitly mentioned a constructor here and A has a protected variable say c which is initialized to 17 in its constructor. Should I not be explicitly calling super() to be able to see that change since I'm using my own constructor ? Why is B still getting the value of 17 through inheritance ?

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  • Calling child constructor by casting (ChildClass)parentObject; to track revisions

    - by FreshCode
    To track revisions of a Page class, I have a PageRevision class which inherits from Page and adds a revision ID (Guid RevisionID;). If possible, how should I cast an existing Page object to a PageRevision and ensure that the PageRevision constructor is called to create a new revision ID? I could could have a PageRevision(Page page) constructor which generates the Guid and copies all the Page attributes, but I want to automate it, especially if a Page class has many attributes (and I later add one, and forget to modify the copy constructor). Desired use Page page = new Page(123, "Page Title", "Page Body"); // where 123 is page ID PageRevision revision = (PageRevision)page; // now revision.RevisionID should be a new Guid. Page, PageRevision classes: public class Page { public int ID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Body { get; set; } } public class PageRevision : Page { public Guid RevisionID { get; set; } public PageRevision() { this.RevisionID = Guid.NewGuid(); } }

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  • How should be test with phpunit for xss + sql injection?

    - by Yosef
    Hi, How should be test with phpunit php web application for xss + sql injection? I thinking to find program that output xss+ other attacks to test my application forms. This program/service should be all time updated with new xss and other new attacks. Does such service/program exist, if not how it done today? Please give some examples if you can. (I use php 5.3 + zend framework + mysql) Thanks, Yosef

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  • Must Dependency Injection come at the expense of Encapsulation?

    - by urig
    If I understand correctly, the typical mechanism for Dependency Injection is to inject either through a class' constructor or through a public property (member) of the class. This exposes the dependency being injected and violates the OOP principle of encapsulation. Am I correct in identifying this tradeoff? How do you deal with this issue? Please also see my answer to my own question below.

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  • Avoiding SQL Injection in SQL query with Like Operator using parameters?

    - by MikeJ
    Taking over some code from my predecessor and I found a query that uses the Like operator: SELECT * FROM suppliers WHERE supplier_name like '%'+name+%'; Trying to avoid SQL Injection problem and parameterize this but I am not quite sure how this would be accomplished. Any suggestions ? note, I need a solution for classic ADO.NET - I don't really have the go-ahead to switch this code over to something like LINQ.

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  • Projects with browsable source using dependency injection w/ guice?

    - by André
    I often read about dependency injection and I did research on google and I understand in theory what it can do and how it works, but I'd like to see an actual code base using it (Java/guice would be preferred). Can anyone point me to an open source project, where I can see, how it's really used? I think browsing the code and seeing the whole setup shows me more than the ususal snippets in the introduction articles you find around the web. Thanks in advance!

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  • Constructor parameter validation in C# - Best practices

    - by MPelletier
    What is the best practice for constructor parameter validation? Suppose a simple bit of C#: public class MyClass { public MyClass(string text) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(text)) throw new ArgumentException("Text cannot be empty"); // continue with normal construction } } Would it be acceptable to throw an exception? The alternative I encountered was pre-validation, before instantiating: public class CallingClass { public MyClass MakeMyClass(string text) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(text)) { MessageBox.Show("Text cannot be empty"); return null; } else { return new MyClass(text); } } }

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  • Ninject/DI: How to correctly pass initialisation data to injected type at runtime

    - by MrLane
    I have the following two classes: public class StoreService : IStoreService { private IEmailService _emailService; public StoreService(IEmailService emailService) { _emailService = emailService; } } public class EmailService : IEmailService { } Using Ninject I can set up bindings no problem to get it to inject a concrete implementation of IEmailService into the StoreService constructor. StoreService is actually injected into the code behind of an ASP.NET WebForm as so: [Ninject.Inject] public IStoreService StoreService { get; set; } But now I need to change EmailService to accept an object that contains SMTP related settings (that are pulled from the ApplicationSettings of the Web.config). So I changed EmailService to now look like this: public class EmailService : IEmailService { private SMTPSettings _smtpSettings; public void SetSMTPSettings(SMTPSettings smtpSettings) { _smtpSettings = smtpSettings; } } Setting SMTPSettings in this way also requires it to be passed into StoreService (via another public method). This has to be done in the Page_Load method in the WebForms code behind (I only have access to the Settings class in the UI layer). With manual/poor mans DI I could pass SMTPSettings directly into the constructor of EmailService and then inject EmailService into the StoreService constructor. With Ninject I don't have access to the instances of injected types outside of the objects they are injected to, so I have to set their data AFTER Ninject has already injected them via a separate public setter method. This to me seems wrong. How should I really be solving this scenario?

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  • MVVM and service pattern

    - by alfa-alfa
    I'm building a WPF application using the MVVM pattern. Right now, my viewmodels calls the service layer to retrieve models (how is not relevant to the viewmodel) and convert them to viewmodels. I'm using constructor injection to pass the service required to the viewmodel. It's easily testable and works well for viewmodels with few dependencies, but as soon as I try to create viewModels for complex models, I have a constructor with a LOT of services injected in it (one to retrieve each dependencies and a list of all available values to bind to an itemsSource for example). I'm wondering how to handle multiple services like that and still have a viewmodel that I can unit test easily. I'm thinking of a few solutions: Creating a services singleton (IServices) containing all the available services as interfaces. Example: Services.Current.XXXService.Retrieve(), Services.Current.YYYService.Retrieve(). That way, I don't have a huge constructor with a ton of services parameters in them. Creating a facade for the services used by the viewModel and passing this object in the ctor of my viewmodel. But then, I'll have to create a facade for each of my complexe viewmodels, and it might be a bit much... What do you think is the "right" way to implement this kind of architecture ?

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