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• Windows Server 2008 R2 Virtual Network Setup

  - by jpearl01

  Hi all, Some background: I'm very much new to networking in general, and virtualization in particular. I'm trying to set up a series of VMs as we are transitioning to a thin client setup. I have been supplied a limited number of static ip addresses. The server is located in an offsite building which houses the network we use to connect to the internet, share folders etc. The setup I've been trying to go for is this: The host OS (Windows Server 2008 R2) is bound to one nic using one of the static ips (say, Nic1 and ip 10.255.6.61). I've set up another external virtual network attached to another physical nic , and a virtual private network attached to no nic. There is one VM running the same os (as the host). This VM is connected to both the external virtual network (and uses another static ip say Nic2 and ip 10.255.6.62) and also to the virtual private network (I gave it a static random ip 192.168.88.1 subnet mask 255.255.255.0). This virtual private network is connected to all the other VMs. I'd like to share the internet connection with all the other VMs on the private virtual network, and so I installed the RRAS role on the server connected to Nic2, and selected the option to share the internet over the vpn. I've run through the RRAS wizard a few times, trying different configurations, but none of them seem to be letting the other vms connect to the 'net. The vms seem to connect to the virtual private network fine, they are assigned an ip address and everything, but no internet, and no rest of the network either. The other problem is in general I connect to the vms with RDP. Will that be possible with a setup like this? i.e. will the vms show up as computers on the network? If not, what are my other options? Thanks! ~josh

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 Virtual Network Setup

  - by jpearl01

  Some background: I'm very much new to networking in general, and virtualization in particular. I'm trying to set up a series of VMs as we are transitioning to a thin client setup. I have been supplied a limited number of static ip addresses. The server is located in an offsite building which houses the network we use to connect to the internet, share folders etc. The setup I've been trying to go for is this: The host OS (Windows Server 2008 R2) is bound to one nic using one of the static ips (say, Nic1 and ip 10.255.6.61). I've set up another external virtual network attached to another physical nic , and a virtual private network attached to no nic. There is one VM running the same os (as the host). This VM is connected to both the external virtual network (and uses another static ip say Nic2 and ip 10.255.6.62) and also to the virtual private network (I gave it a static random ip 192.168.88.1 subnet mask 255.255.255.0). This virtual private network is connected to all the other VMs. I'd like to share the internet connection with all the other VMs on the private virtual network, and so I installed the RRAS role on the server connected to Nic2, and selected the option to share the internet over the vpn. I've run through the RRAS wizard a few times, trying different configurations, but none of them seem to be letting the other vms connect to the 'net. The vms seem to connect to the virtual private network fine, they are assigned an ip address and everything, but no internet, and no rest of the network either. The other problem is in general I connect to the vms with RDP. Will that be possible with a setup like this? i.e. will the vms show up as computers on the network? If not, what are my other options? Thanks! ~josh

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• How to use CLEAR USB internet connection in Ubuntu (host) and WindowsXP (guest) using VirtualBox

  - by bithacker

  I'm trying to use CLEAR Motorola WiMax USB in Ubuntu as there is no support for linux as yet. I've installed windowsxp as guest in ubuntu and the version I'm using is 3.2.2. USB is connecting fine in WindowsXP but I can't use internet in Ubuntu. Can you please tell me how to do it. Here is the configuration that could help you guys. Thanks in advance. I'm using Two Network Adapters. Network Adapter 1: PCnet-FAST III (NAT) Adapter 2: PCnet-FAST III (Host-only adapter, 'vboxnet0') ipconfig [on Guest windowsXP] Windows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: PCnet-FAST III (NAT) Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.2.15 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.2.2 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: PCnet-FAST III (Host-only adapter, 'vboxnet0') Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.56.101 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : CLEAR Motorola USB IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.168.242.33 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.192.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.168.192.2 IFCONFIG [on Host Ubuntu] (Ethernet) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:14:22:b9:9d:76 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:16 eth1 (Wireless) Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:ce:f0:9b:0d inet6 addr: fe80::213:ceff:fef0:9b0d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:5 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:84 (84.0 B) Interrupt:17 Base address:0xe000 Memory:dfcff000-dfcfffff lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:2292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:171952 (171.9 KB) TX bytes:171952 (171.9 KB) vboxnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.56.1 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::800:27ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:137 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:21174 (21.1 KB)

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• Sharing folders with VirtualBox, Win7 Host and Ubuntu 9.10 Guest [closed]

  - by user225890

  I have a development setup from this tutorial: http://www.sitepoint.com/blogs/2009/10/27/build-your-own-dev-server-with-virtualbox/ But what I can't figure out is how to share a folder on my Ubuntu virtualized machine with the host Win7. I want to use a Windows text editor to edit code that's on my Ubuntu server. I've tried using the Shared Folders setting, adding "/var/www" but it says that the path is not absolute. When I click on "other", it only allows me to browse folders on my Win7 host. Both the host and guest are 64-bit OS. Thanks in advance!

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• What's up with LDoms: Part 1 - Introduction & Basic Concepts

  - by Stefan Hinker

  LDoms - the correct name is Oracle VM Server for SPARC - have been around for quite a while now.  But to my surprise, I get more and more requests to explain how they work or to give advise on how to make good use of them.  This made me think that writing up a few articles discussing the different features would be a good idea.  Now - I don't intend to rewrite the LDoms Admin Guide or to copy and reformat the (hopefully) well known "Beginners Guide to LDoms" by Tony Shoumack from 2007.  Those documents are very recommendable - especially the Beginners Guide, although based on LDoms 1.0, is still a good place to begin with.  However, LDoms have come a long way since then, and I hope to contribute to their adoption by discussing how they work and what features there are today.  In this and the following posts, I will use the term "LDoms" as a common abbreviation for Oracle VM Server for SPARC, just because it's a lot shorter and easier to type (and presumably, read). So, just to get everyone on the same baseline, lets briefly discuss the basic concepts of virtualization with LDoms.  LDoms make use of a hypervisor as a layer of abstraction between real, physical hardware and virtual hardware.  This virtual hardware is then used to create a number of guest systems which each behave very similar to a system running on bare metal:  Each has its own OBP, each will install its own copy of the Solaris OS and each will see a certain amount of CPU, memory, disk and network resources available to it.  Unlike some other type 1 hypervisors running on x86 hardware, the SPARC hypervisor is embedded in the system firmware and makes use both of supporting functions in the sun4v SPARC instruction set as well as the overall CPU architecture to fulfill its function. The CMT architecture of the supporting CPUs (T1 through T4) provide a large number of cores and threads to the OS.  For example, the current T4 CPU has eight cores, each running 8 threads, for a total of 64 threads per socket.  To the OS, this looks like 64 CPUs.  The SPARC hypervisor, when creating guest systems, simply assigns a certain number of these threads exclusively to one guest, thus avoiding the overhead of having to schedule OS threads to CPUs, as do typical x86 hypervisors.  The hypervisor only assigns CPUs and then steps aside.  It is not involved in the actual work being dispatched from the OS to the CPU, all it does is maintain isolation between different guests. Likewise, memory is assigned exclusively to individual guests.  Here,  the hypervisor provides generic mappings between the physical hardware addresses and the guest's views on memory.  Again, the hypervisor is not involved in the actual memory access, it only maintains isolation between guests. During the inital setup of a system with LDoms, you start with one special domain, called the Control Domain.  Initially, this domain owns all the hardware available in the system, including all CPUs, all RAM and all IO resources.  If you'd be running the system un-virtualized, this would be what you'd be working with.  To allow for guests, you first resize this initial domain (also called a primary domain in LDoms speak), assigning it a small amount of CPU and memory.  This frees up most of the available CPU and memory resources for guest domains.  IO is a little more complex, but very straightforward.  When LDoms 1.0 first came out, the only way to provide IO to guest systems was to create virtual disk and network services and attach guests to these services.  In the meantime, several different ways to connect guest domains to IO have been developed, the most recent one being SR-IOV support for network devices released in version 2.2 of Oracle VM Server for SPARC. I will cover these more advanced features in detail later.  For now, lets have a short look at the initial way IO was virtualized in LDoms: For virtualized IO, you create two services, one "Virtual Disk Service" or vds, and one "Virtual Switch" or vswitch.  You can, of course, also create more of these, but that's more advanced than I want to cover in this introduction.  These IO services now connect real, physical IO resources like a disk LUN or a networt port to the virtual devices that are assigned to guest domains.  For disk IO, the normal case would be to connect a physical LUN (or some other storage option that I'll discuss later) to one specific guest.  That guest would be assigned a virtual disk, which would appear to be just like a real LUN to the guest, while the IO is actually routed through the virtual disk service down to the physical device.  For network, the vswitch acts very much like a real, physical ethernet switch - you connect one physical port to it for outside connectivity and define one or more connections per guest, just like you would plug cables between a real switch and a real system. For completeness, there is another service that provides console access to guest domains which mimics the behavior of serial terminal servers. The connections between the virtual devices on the guest's side and the virtual IO services in the primary domain are created by the hypervisor.  It uses so called "Logical Domain Channels" or LDCs to create point-to-point connections between all of these devices and services.  These LDCs work very similar to high speed serial connections and are configured automatically whenever the Control Domain adds or removes virtual IO. To see all this in action, now lets look at a first example.  I will start with a newly installed machine and configure the control domain so that it's ready to create guest systems. In a first step, after we've installed the software, let's start the virtual console service and downsize the primary domain.  root@sun # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-c-- UART 512 261632M 0.3% 2d 13h 58m root@sun # ldm add-vconscon port-range=5000-5100 \ primary-console primary root@sun # svcadm enable vntsd root@sun # svcs vntsd STATE STIME FMRI online 9:53:21 svc:/ldoms/vntsd:default root@sun # ldm set-vcpu 16 primary root@sun # ldm set-mau 1 primary root@sun # ldm start-reconf primary root@sun # ldm set-memory 7680m primary root@sun # ldm add-config initial root@sun # shutdown -y -g0 -i6 So what have I done: I've defined a range of ports (5000-5100) for the virtual network terminal service and then started that service.  The vnts will later provide console connections to guest systems, very much like serial NTS's do in the physical world. Next, I assigned 16 vCPUs (on this platform, a T3-4, that's two cores) to the primary domain, freeing the rest up for future guest systems.  I also assigned one MAU to this domain.  A MAU is a crypto unit in the T3 CPU.  These need to be explicitly assigned to domains, just like CPU or memory.  (This is no longer the case with T4 systems, where crypto is always available everywhere.) Before I reassigned the memory, I started what's called a "delayed reconfiguration" session.  That avoids actually doing the change right away, which would take a considerable amount of time in this case.  Instead, I'll need to reboot once I'm all done.  I've assigned 7680MB of RAM to the primary.  That's 8GB less the 512MB which the hypervisor uses for it's own private purposes.  You can, depending on your needs, work with less.  I'll spend a dedicated article on sizing, discussing the pros and cons in detail. Finally, just before the reboot, I saved my work on the ILOM, to make this configuration available after a powercycle of the box.  (It'll always be available after a simple reboot, but the ILOM needs to know the configuration of the hypervisor after a power-cycle, before the primary domain is booted.) Now, lets create a first disk service and a first virtual switch which is connected to the physical network device igb2. We will later use these to connect virtual disks and virtual network ports of our guest systems to real world storage and network. root@sun # ldm add-vds primary-vds root@sun # ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb2 switch-primary primary You are free to choose whatever names you like for the virtual disk service and the virtual switch.  I strongly recommend that you choose names that make sense to you and describe the function of each service in the context of your implementation.  For the vswitch, for example, you could choose names like "admin-vswitch" or "production-network" etc. This already concludes the configuration of the control domain.  We've freed up considerable amounts of CPU and RAM for guest systems and created the necessary infrastructure - console, vts and vswitch - so that guests systems can actually interact with the outside world.  The system is now ready to create guests, which I'll describe in the next section. For further reading, here are some recommendable links: The LDoms 2.2 Admin Guide The "Beginners Guide to LDoms" The LDoms Information Center on MOS LDoms on OTN

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• Ruby array index method not working returning NIL value

  - by Rails beginner

  Here is the error: => ["Mænd med navnet Kim", "30.094", "29.946", "-148", "Kvinder med navnet Kim", "341", "345", "4", "Mænd med navnet Kim Hansen", "1.586", "1.573", "-13", "Kvin der med navnet Kim Hansen", "5", "5", "0", "Mænd og kvinder med efternavnet Hans en", "226.040", "223.478", "-2.562"] irb(main):094:0> irb(main):095:0* @tester.index("Mænd med navnet Kim") => nil irb(main):096:0> @tester.index("Kvinder med navnet Kim") => 4 irb(main):097:0> @tester.index("Mænd med navnet Kim Hansen") => nil irb(main):098:0> @tester.index("Kvinder med navnet Kim Hansen") => 12 irb(main):099:0> @tester.index("Mænd og kvinder med efternavnet Hansen") => nil irb(main):100:0> Example tried Gsub method: <ap(&:text).map{|d| d.delete "'"}.map{|d| d.gsub("æ", "#844"} irb(main):113:1> ) SyntaxError: (irb):112: syntax error, unexpected '}', expecting ')' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.0.9/lib/rails/comman ds/console.rb:44:in `start' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.0.9/lib/rails/comman ds/console.rb:8:in `start' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.0.9/lib/rails/comman ds.rb:23:in `<top (required)>' from script/rails:6:in `require' from script/rails:6:in `<main>' <ap(&:text).map{|d| d.delete "'"}.map{|d| d.gsub("æ", "#844")} Encoding::CompatibilityError: incompatible encoding regexp match (CP850 regexp w ith UTF-8 string) from (irb):114:in `gsub' from (irb):114:in `block in irb_binding' from (irb):114:in `map' from (irb):114 from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.0.9/lib/rails/comman ds/console.rb:44:in `start' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.0.9/lib/rails/comman ds/console.rb:8:in `start' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.0.9/lib/rails/comman ds.rb:23:in `<top (required)>' from script/rails:6:in `require' from script/rails:6:in `<main>'

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• Setting execute permission on a Fedora 11 (host and guest) shared folder file is not working for me.

  - by pmr

  I have set up a VirtualBox Fedora 11 (i386) guest on my Fedora 11 (x86_64) host system with shared folders enabled. I mount the shared folder successfully with the recommended "mount -t vboxsf share /shareddir -o rw,exec,uid=500,gid=100" command. I can successfully read and write files in the share from the guest but I cannot set the execute bit on any file in the share from the guest system. Nothing in GoogleSpace seems to address my issue let alone provide a solution. fwiw, selinux is disabled on both the guest and host and the shared folder is an ext4 file system.

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• How to test KVM guest CPU maximum allocation limit?

  - by Ace

  Running Ubuntu 13.04 Host and vm Guest. Using virtio for hdd, nic. Max-allocaion CPU cores is 6, minimum is 2. Ive made a vm with virt-manager just to play with, and to test out kvm. Alright, I have a decent understand how the memory balloon driver works, but I still dont know how to test if the guest OS can utilize the max setting for cpu cores. From what i gather, the host will start one thread of qemu for each core allocated per vm. When i run htop inside the guest, it only shows two cores. (also here is the output of cat /proc/cpuinfo: https://gist.github.com/anonymous/93a361545130923537da ) How can I "force" the guest to allocate the other 4 cores so that it can show 6 cores in htop? Is there a way to do this?

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• How do you passthrough native SATA drives to a guest on ESXi?

  - by John

  I have ESXi 4.0 running on an Intel DX58S0 Mothboardboard with an Intel Core i7 930 processor. VT-d is also enabled. I have three drives in the system, drive 0 is used for ESXi. Drive 1 and 2 contain data from an older machine and show up under the "Storage Adapters" section in configuration. I would like to allow a guest machine to access the data on these drives (as nativly as possible). I have enabled passthrough of the motherboard's built in SATA controller (Intel/Marvell 88SE6121 ). This controller shows up in my guest OS, but the guest shows no drives aside from the normal virtual drive. I have tried a Linux guest and Windows7. I have also configured the host machine to try IDE/RAID/ACHI modes for the SATA controller. Any ideas how I can configure one of my guests to get at the raw data on these drives?

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• Problem with Strange VMWare behaviour when shutting down guest.

  - by adza77

  Hi, I've been having a problem for a while now with VMWare Workstaion. (Originally with 6.5, but now with 7.0 and 7.0.1 too). The problem occurs when I choose to shut down a guest. VMWare itself seems to hang. If I choose to shut down a guest that's opened full screen, and during the process I minimise the screen to work on other applications in the host, often (not all the time) when I return to the guest I have a 'greyed out' screen and the system becomes unresponsive. The host O/S still seems to be working, but I am unable to switch to other applications. (I can bring up the taskbar on the host and 'see' other applications and even switch to them, but VMWare still stays 'on top' being unresponsive). I can not terminate VMWare even when windows says that the application has become unresponsive and gives me the option to terminate. VMWare stays on top, and I'm forced to either shutdown, or log off and log back on in order to regain control of my computer. This happens with both Windows 7 and Windows Vista guest operating systems (32 bit), and I have had it happen on multiple host machines, and multiple guest machines too. Current Host: Windows 7 64 bit, 8GB Ram, 500GB HDD, i7 Processor. I have been searching for more than 6 months for a solution but have found none, so finally decided to post here. Does anyone know what might be causing the problem (+or even how to minimize the VM so I can at least access any other applications and save work before forcing a logoff / reboot+) would be extrememly handly. If I know the correct keystrokes to save and close in an application on the host I can do this by task-switching to the desired app to save and close successfully, but I can't see what I'm doing because VMWare Workstation is still on-top 'greyed' out. Cheers Adam.

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• Problem with Strange VMWare behaviour when shutting down guest.

  - by adza77

  Hi, I've been having a problem for a while now with VMWare Workstaion. (Originally with 6.5, but now with 7.0 and 7.0.1 too). The problem occurs when I choose to shut down a guest. VMWare itself seems to hang. If I choose to shut down a guest that's opened full screen, and during the process I minimise the screen to work on other applications in the host, often (not all the time) when I return to the guest I have a 'greyed out' screen and the system becomes unresponsive. The host O/S still seems to be working, but I am unable to switch to other applications. (I can bring up the taskbar on the host and 'see' other applications and even switch to them, but VMWare still stays 'on top' being unresponsive). I can not terminate VMWare even when windows says that the application has become unresponsive and gives me the option to terminate. VMWare stays on top, and I'm forced to either shutdown, or log off and log back on in order to regain control of my computer. This happens with both Windows 7 and Windows Vista guest operating systems (32 bit), and I have had it happen on multiple host machines, and multiple guest machines too. Current Host: Windows 7 64 bit, 8GB Ram, 500GB HDD, i7 Processor. I have been searching for more than 6 months for a solution but have found none, so finally decided to post here. Does anyone know what might be causing the problem (+or even how to minimize the VM so I can at least access any other applications and save work before forcing a logoff / reboot+) would be extrememly handly. If I know the correct keystrokes to save and close in an application on the host I can do this by task-switching to the desired app to save and close successfully, but I can't see what I'm doing because VMWare Workstation is still on-top 'greyed' out. Cheers Adam.

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• Can you shrink the sparse disk image of a Mac OS X guest OS in VMWare Fusion?

  - by Paul D. Waite

  I use VMWare Fusion on my Mac to run a virtual Windows 7 machine, and the Microsoft IE compatibility Windows XP virtual machines. In VMWare Tools on the Windows guest OSes, there’s a “Shrink” option that lets you reduce the size of the sparse disk image used by the guest OS, to save hard drive space on your host OX. I’ve recently created another virtual machine, this time running Snow Leopard Server. I was wondering if I could shrink the spare disk image used by this machine too, but I can’t find a VMWare Tools app on the Mac guest OS, even though VMWare Tools have been installed (as VMWare’s Shared Folders feature is working). Is there any way to shrink the sparse disk image used by Mac OS X guest OSes in VMWare Fusion?

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• How do you passthrough native SATA drives to a guest on ESXi?

  - by John

  I have ESXi 4.0 running on an Intel DX58S0 Mothboardboard with an Intel Core i7 930 processor. VT-d is also enabled. I have three drives in the system, drive 0 is used for ESXi. Drive 1 and 2 contain data from an older machine and show up under the "Storage Adapters" section in configuration. I would like to allow a guest machine to access the data on these drives (as nativly as possible). I have enabled passthrough of the motherboard's built in SATA controller (Intel/Marvell 88SE6121 ). This controller shows up in my guest OS, but the guest shows no drives aside from the normal virtual drive. I have tried a Linux guest and Windows7. I have also configured the host machine to try IDE/RAID/ACHI modes for the SATA controller. Any ideas how I can configure one of my guests to get at the raw data on these drives?

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• How do I configure a guest VM's static IP address automatically in Citrix XenServer?

  - by Kev

  To facilitate automation of guest VM provisioning, how do I set (in a script) the IP address on a guest VM's NIC (or NIC's) once a new VM has booted? Is there a way to "inject" netsh commands via the Citrix guest OS tools (for Windows for example) once the host has started? Or can this be done via the Citrix API/SDK or the xe tools? These are windows 2008 servers that have been sysprep'd so when the boot for the first time they have no IP address.

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• How can a Virtualbox host connect to a guest VM when host wireless is disabled / host Ethernet cable is unplugged?

  - by uloBasEI

  I have a Virtualbox VM running on a computer connected to Internet via an Ethernet cable. The guest has a network adapter attached to a NAT. 2 ports (22 and 80) are forwarded so that the host can access them respectively on localhost:2222 and localhost:8080. When the Ethernet cable is plugged, both machine (host and guest) can access Internet and the host can access the SSH server/Webserver which ports are forwarded. When I unplug the Ethernet cable from the host, the host can not access the SSH server/Webserver of the guest anymore. Same situation with a Laptop connected to Internet via wireless when I disable the wireless adapter or set a wrong WPA key. My question is: is there a workaround for the host to access the guest services even if its Ethernet cable is unplugged / wireless is not available?

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• VM Virtual guest machine disk defrag improves performance, myth or reality?

  - by jafin

  In operation of a virtual Vmware or Hyper-V guest typically advice is given to defrag the host and virtual disk images so to result in improved performance. Something like a cmd: vmware-vdiskmanager -d <file.vmdk> works great. Yet I can't find any qualitive evidence that suggest defraging inside the guest VM improves performance. Does anyone have advice or evidence that doesn't come from a commercial defragger's whitepaper that suggests inside guest defragging helps?

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• Auto-mount in fstab no longer working until manually running 'sudo mount -a'

  - by Brett Alton

  I have 3 SMB shared drives I need to connect to for work purposes. I had Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick and had all my drives loaded into fstab to be auto-mounted. Everything worked fine for a while but just before I upgraded to 11.04 Natty, the fstab auto-mount stopped working. Unfortunately I don't know what changed I made to my machine or what update installed that made this occur. /etc/fstab {snip} //192.168.7.3/apache_proj/ /home/brett/Desktop/apache smbfs guest,rw,iocharset=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0 //192.168.7.3/apache_54321/ /home/brett/Desktop/54321 smbfs guest,rw,iocharset=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0 //freenas.local/shared/ /home/brett/Desktop/shared smbfs guest,rw,iocharset=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0 //lamp/www/ /home/brett/Desktop/lamp smbfs username={snip},password={snip},rw,iocharset=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0 When the machine boots, I run this command to get them to mount: $ sudo umount /home/brett/Desktop/54321 /home/brett/Desktop/shared /home/brett/Desktop/apache; sudo mount -a [sudo] password for brett: umount: /home/brett/Desktop/54321: not mounted umount: /home/brett/Desktop/shared: not mounted umount: /home/brett/Desktop/apache: not mounted Warning: mapping 'guest' to 'guest,sec=none' Warning: mapping 'guest' to 'guest,sec=none' Warning: mapping 'guest' to 'guest,sec=none' mount error: could not resolve address for lamp: No address associated with hostname (I run that umount as a just-in-case). I looked through dmesg and some error logs and couldn't see why fstab was failing on my mounts. I see that my 'lamp' directive is failing, but that's because the machine is currently down.

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• Help Creating a Google Analytics Funnel for Check out process

  - by Drew

  have a funnel question. I am currently working on tracking (through GA) guest and logged in member activity once they get to my sites shopping cart. But need help with setting up funnels. Specifically to see; Total sales Logged in member total sales List item Guest member sales The urls associated to the check out proces are: Logged in members /cart (arriving to checkout) /checkout (checking out as a logged in member) /checkout/confirmation (thank you - confirmed sale) Guest members - /cart (arriving to checkout) - /checkout-guest (checking out as a guest) - /checkout/confirmation (thanks you - confirmed sale) I've tested the funnels set up for the above with 9 transactions. But the end maths doesn't seem to line up. Total sales funnel shows 9 completed transactions when only tracking these to urls: - /cart - /checkout/confirmation Which is great - cause it's working Logged in member sales show a total of 9 completed transactions based on each step of the logged in url steps (above) being tracked in a funnel. Not good because this number should be 3. Guest check out funnel (see guest steps above) shows 9 as well. What the?!?!?!? The results I am looking for should reflect the following - total sales = 9, logged in members = 3, guest members = 6 Is there any way to set these urls up so that the funnels report the correct results - or do I need to changed the urls and provide logged in members and guest stand alone purchase confirmation pages (this would mean I can not track total sales which combine results from both streams)? Any knowledge in this area is welcome. Thanks.

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• Exalogic 2.0.1 Tea Break Snippets - Creating a ModifyJeOS VirtualBox

  - by The Old Toxophilist

  Following on from my previous blog entry "Modifying the Base Template" I decided to put together a quick blog to show how to create a small VirtualBox, guest, that can be used to execute the ModifyJeOS and hence edit you templates. One of the main advantages of this is that Templates can be created away from the Exalogic Environment. For the Guest OS I chose OEL 6u3 and decided to create it as a basic server because I did not require a graphical interface but it's a simple change to create it with a GUI. Required Software Virtual Box. Oracle Enterprise Linux. Creating the VM I'll assume that the reader is experienced with Virtual Box and installing OEL and hence will make this section brief. Create VirtualBox Guest Create a new VirtualBox Guest and select oracle Linux 64 bit. Follow through the create process and select Dynamic Disk Size and the default 12GB disk size. The actual image will be a lot smaller than this but the OEL install will fail with insufficient disk space if you attempt a smaller size. Once the guest has been created attach the previously downloaded OEL 6u3 iso to the cd drive and start the guest. Install OEL On starting the guest the system will boot off the associated OEL 6u3 iso and take you through the standard installation process. Select all the appropriate information but when you reach the installation type select Basic Server because we do not need that additional packages and only need to access through the command line interface. Complete the installation and reboot the Guest. At this point we now have a basic OEL server running. Installing Guest Add-ons Before we can easily access the Guest we will need to add the VirtualBox guest add-ons. These will provide better keyboard and mouse integration and allow access the shared folders on the host machine. Before we can do this we will need to do the following: Enable Networking. Install additional rpms.  To enable the networking (eth0), that appears to be disabled by default, we can execute: ifup eth0 This will start the eth0 connection but once the Guest is rebooted the network will be down again. To resolve this you will need to edit the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file and change the ONBOOT parameter to "yes". Now we have enabled the network we will need to install a number of addition rpm. First we will need to configure the yum repository as follows: [ol6_latest] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_ga_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u1_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u2_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u3_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_UEK_latest] name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_UEK_base] name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 Once the repository has been edited we will need to execute the following yum commands: yum update yum install gcc yum install kernel-uek-devel yum install kernel-devel yum install createrepo At this point we now have all the additional packages required to install the VirtualBox Guest Add-ons. So select Devices->InstallGuest Additions on you running guest: This will simply place the VirtualBoxGuestAdditions.iso in the virtual cd and we will need to execute the following before we can run them. mkdir /media/cdrom mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom cd /media/cdrom/ ls ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run This will initiate the install and kernel rebuild. What you will notice is that during the installation a Failed will be displayed but this is simply because we have no graphical components. At this point we the installation will also have added the vboxsf group to the system and to access any shared folders we will create our user will need to be a member of this group an so the next stage is to add the root user to this group as follows: usermod -G vboxsf root cat /etc/group cat /etc/passwd init 0 Now simply shutdown the guest and add the Shared folder within your guests settings. Install ModifyJeOS Once the shared folder has been added restart the guest and change directory into the shared folder (/media/sf_<folder name>). For the next step I am assuming the ModifyJeOS rpms are located in the shared folder. We can simply execute: rpm -ivh ovm-modify-jeos-1.1.0-17.el5.noarch.rpm # Test with modifyjeos Using ModifyJeOS I have a modified MountSystemImg.sh script that should be copied into the /root/bin directory (you may need to create this) and from here it can be executed from any location: MountSystemImg.sh #!/bin/sh # The script assumes it's being run from the directory containing the System.img # Export for later i.e. during unmount export LOOP=`losetup -f` export SYSTEMIMG=/mnt/elsystem export TEMPLATEDIR=`pwd` # Make Temp Mount Directory mkdir -p $SYSTEMIMG # Create Loop for the System Image losetup $LOOP System.img kpartx -a $LOOP mount /dev/mapper/`basename $LOOP`p2 $SYSTEMIMG #Change Dir into mounted Image cd $SYSTEMIMG echo "######################################################################" echo "### ###" echo "### Starting Bash shell for editing. When completed log out to ###" echo "### Unmount the System.img file. ###" echo "### ###" echo "######################################################################" echo bash cd ~ cd $TEMPLATEDIR umount $SYSTEMIMG kpartx -d $LOOP losetup -d $LOOP rm -rf $SYSTEMIMG This script will simple create a mount directory, mount the System.img and then start a new shell in the mounted directory. On exiting the shell it will unmount the System.img. It only requires that you execute the script in the directory containing the System.img. These can be created under the mounted shared directory. In the example below I have extracted the Base template within the shared folder and then renamed it OEL_40GB_ROOT before changing into that directory and executing the script.

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• install linux guest on windows host using a .iso file on vmserver 2.0

  - by Bob

  I have done this in vmserver 1.0. I set the Cd to point to the .iso file. Then I start the vm and it starts to install. I am on the summary screen. I have created a VM. I go to CD/DVD - edit I change the radio button to Host Medio Then I select ISO Image and Browse. Here is the problem: Then in my browser I get Inventory - Virtual Machine (directory) I don't know where that directory is. I have my ISO's in a folder on my desktop. I can't browse to my desktop. When I try to just put in a path such as c:\mydesktop\mylinuxdirectory\linux1.iso The following problems have been found:OKThe ISO Image File Path must be a valid file path in the format: "[datastore] /path/to/isoimage.iso". so how do I browse to an ISO? I can add the iso after I start the VM, but by then its too late and the VM says no Operating System installed.

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• How to access dev server in Ubuntu VirtualBox guest on Windows 7 host?

  - by Curyous

  I'm running a Google App Engine dev server on Ubuntu 11.10 Desktop in a VirtualBox VM, on a Windows 7 host. According to this question I have the following setup: The VM networking is set to use Host-only network adapter. Internet connection sharing (ICS) is enabled in Windows. For ICS, the Windows VirtualBox network port and the Ubuntu wired connection have fixed IPs. The Ubuntu VM can access the internet. I can ping the guest from the host. On the host, if I put the guest IP address in Chrome's address bar, it says it can not connect. What do I need to do from here to access the GAE dev server that is running on Localhost:8080?

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• How to use NVIDIA GeForce M310 on Ubuntu 12.10 running as guest in Virtualbox?

  - by huub

  Last couple of weeks played around with Ubuntu 12.10. This is running as a guest on Virtualbox hosted at Windows 7. There have been some challenges with the Unity 3D stuff. Particular due to not supporting X11 release 1.13 till very recently. Since today we are able to download Virtualbox version 4.2.2 which has through guest additions also support for X11 release 1.13. SO far great work everybody. Since Unity now only runs in 3D mode it would be nice to access the graphics card directly from Virtualbox. lshw -c display shows: VGA compatible controller; product: VirtualBox Graphics Adapter. QUESTION: how to get the 3D and other graphics directly supported by the hardware ie Nvidia GeForce M310

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• setting up Ubuntu 10.10 as paravirtualized guest in Xen on RHEL5 host - what kernel?

  - by kostmo

  I've discovered the tool ubuntu-vm-builder, which I've installed and then invoked on an Ubuntu workstation as: sudo vmbuilder xen ubuntu --suite maverick --flavour virtual --arch amd64 --mem=512 --rootsize 8192 This workstation is not the intended target host of the virtual machine, however; I would like to host the guest on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 machine that is running Xen 3.0.3. The output of this command appears to be a folder named ubuntu-xen containing three files: tmpXXXXXX, a very large file which I assume is the root partition image tmpYYYYYY, a somewhat large file which I assume is the swap partition image xen.conf, a text file I have copied the xen.conf file to the RHEL server's /etc/xen directory under the new name newvm, adjusting the paths of tempXXXXXX and tempYYYYYYin the file after also copying them from my local workstation to the RHEL server. When I launch the Virtual Machine Manager virt-manager, I can see the newvm virtual machine listed underneath the Dom0 machine. When I try to start newvm, I get the error: Error starting domain: virDomainCreate() failed POST operation failed: (xend.err 'Error creating domain: Kernel image does not exist: None') Indeed, there exists an entry kernel = 'None' in the xen.conf file. How do I find out what the path of the kernel should be? Is this path supposed to be to a kernel stored on the local filesystem of the RHEL5 host, or is it supposed to be a path inside the guest image? I see that the vmbuilder command provides for a --xen-kernel option, along with a --xen-ramdisk option, but I'm not sure what to use for either. I think I should be able to get this to work, since Ubuntu is said to be supported as a Xen guest, even though the Xen 4.0.1 docs state support for only a limited set of distributions, Ubuntu excluded. Update 1 When running vmbuilder on my local workstation, I did observe an output line saying: Calling hook: install_kernel and later, output lines saying: update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-virtual [...] run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 2.6.35-23-virtual /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual So in the xen.conf file, I tried setting the lines: kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual' ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-virtual' When trying to start the VM, I got an error similar to last time: Error starting domain: virDomainCreate() failed POST operation failed: (xend.err 'Error creating domain: Kernel image does not exist: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual') This makes me think that the RHEL5 machine is looking for local files, rather than a file within the binary guest disk image. After running sudo updatedb on my workstation, neither of those files were found. If the vmbuilder tool had tried to install them, it must have failed. Update 2 I was able to extract the kernel and initrd images from the guest disk binary by mounting it: mkdir mnt_tmp sudo mount ubuntu-xen/tmpXXXXXX mnt_tmp/ -o loop cp mnt_tmp/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual virtual_kernel_ubuntu cp mnt_tmp/boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-virtual virtual_initrd_ubuntu These two files I copied to the RHEL5 server, and edited the xen.conf file to point to them as kernel and ramdisk. With this done, I could "run" the newvm virtual machine from within virt-manager, but was met with the message Console Not Configured For Guest when I double clicked the entry to open the Virtual Machine Console. As suggested by a forum, I then added the line vfb = [ 'type=vnc' ] to the configuration file, recreated the virtual machine (a ~10 min process), and this time got the message: Connecting to console for guest This remained indefinitely; after selecting View - Serial Console, I found a kernel panic: [5442621.272173] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill the idle task! [5442621.272179] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Tainted: G D 2.6.35-23-virtual #41-Ubuntu [5442621.272184] Call Trace: [5442621.272191] [<ffffffff815a1b81>] panic+0x90/0x111 [5442621.272199] [<ffffffff810652ee>] do_exit+0x3be/0x3f0 [5442621.272204] [<ffffffff815a5e20>] oops_end+0xb0/0xf0 [5442621.272211] [<ffffffff8100ddeb>] die+0x5b/0x90 [5442621.272216] [<ffffffff815a56c4>] do_trap+0xc4/0x170 [5442621.272221] [<ffffffff8100ba35>] do_invalid_op+0x95/0xb0 [5442621.272227] [<ffffffff8130851c>] ? intel_idle+0xac/0x180 [5442621.272232] [<ffffffff810072bf>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 [5442621.272239] [<ffffffff815a48fe>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x1e/0x30 [5442621.272247] [<ffffffff8108dfb7>] ? tick_broadcast_oneshot_control+0xc7/0x120 [5442621.272253] [<ffffffff8100ad5b>] invalid_op+0x1b/0x20 [5442621.272259] [<ffffffff8130851c>] ? intel_idle+0xac/0x180 [5442621.272264] [<ffffffff813084e0>] ? intel_idle+0x70/0x180 [5442621.272269] [<ffffffff810072bf>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 [5442621.272275] [<ffffffff8148a147>] cpuidle_idle_call+0xa7/0x140 [5442621.272281] [<ffffffff81008d93>] cpu_idle+0xb3/0x110 [5442621.272286] [<ffffffff815873aa>] rest_init+0x8a/0x90 [5442621.272291] [<ffffffff81b04c9d>] start_kernel+0x387/0x390 [5442621.272297] [<ffffffff81b04341>] x86_64_start_reservations+0x12c/0x130 [5442621.272303] [<ffffffff81b08002>] xen_start_kernel+0x55d/0x561 Update 3 I tried an i386 architecture instead of amd64, but got the same kernel panic. Also, it seems the Virtual Machine Manager pays attention to the format of the filename of the kernel; for the same kernel binary, I tried simply naming it vmlinuz-virtual, which threw out an error box about an invalid kernel. When I named it vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual, it did not throw the error, but it did still result in the kernel panic shortly thereafter.

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• KVM guest io is much slower than host io: is that normal?

  - by Evolver

  I have a Qemu-KVM host system setup on CentOS 6.3. Four 1TB SATA HDDs working in Software RAID10. Guest CentOS 6.3 is installed on separate LVM. People say that they see guest performance almost equal to host performance, but I don't see that. My i/o tests are showing 30-70% slower performance on guest than on host system. I tried to change scheduler (set elevator=deadline on host and elevator=noop on guest), set blkio.weight to 1000 in cgroup, change io to virtio... But none of these changes gave me any significant results. This is a guest .xml config part: <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </disk> There are my tests: Host system: iozone test # iozone -a -i0 -i1 -i2 -s8G -r64k random random KB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 8388608 64 189930 197436 266786 267254 28644 66642 dd read test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.23044 s, 254 MB/s # dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=1024 & dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=2048 & dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=3072 & dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=4096 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.4528 s, 74.3 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.562 s, 73.7 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.6341 s, 73.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.7006 s, 73.0 MB/s dd write test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 6.2039 s, 173 MB/s # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test2 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test3 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test4 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.7173 s, 32.8 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.8868 s, 32.6 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.9097 s, 32.6 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.9688 s, 32.6 MB/s Guest system: iozone test # iozone -a -i0 -i1 -i2 -s512M -r64k random random KB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 524288 64 93374 154596 141193 149865 21394 46264 dd read test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=1024 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 5.04356 s, 213 MB/s # dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=1024 & dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=2048 & dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=3072 & dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=4096 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.7348 s, 43.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.7378 s, 43.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.7408 s, 43.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.744 s, 43.4 MB/s dd write test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 10.415 s, 103 MB/s # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test2 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test3 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test4 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.8874 s, 21.5 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.8608 s, 21.5 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.8693 s, 21.5 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.9427 s, 21.5 MB/s I wonder is that normal situation or did I missed something?

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• UBS drive on Ubuntu on VM Virtualbox

  - by Raama

  OSX is my host OS I have windows xp and Ubuntu 10.10 on guest OS. They both work great. When I eject USB flash drive from host OS, it appears in windows guest OS but it does not appear in Ubuntu Guest OS. I never run both guest OS at the same time. its always either or. I am running, VM virtualbox 4.1.10 and installed latest guest additions and also installed VM virtualbox extension pack. Thanks for your help

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