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  • Automatically triggering standard spaceship controls to stop its motion

    - by Garan
    I have been working on a 2D top-down space strategy/shooting game. Right now it is only in the prototyping stage (I have gotten basic movement) but now I am trying to write a function that will stop the ship based on it's velocity. This is being written in Lua, using the Love2D engine. My code is as follows (note- object.dx is the x-velocity, object.dy is the y-velocity, object.acc is the acceleration, and object.r is the rotation in radians): function stopMoving(object, dt) local targetr = math.atan2(object.dy, object.dx) if targetr == object.r + math.pi then local currentspeed = math.sqrt(object.dx*object.dx+object.dy*object.dy) if currentspeed ~= 0 then object.dx = object.dx + object.acc*dt*math.cos(object.r) object.dy = object.dy + object.acc*dt*math.sin(object.r) end else if (targetr - object.r) >= math.pi then object.r = object.r - object.turnspeed*dt else object.r = object.r + object.turnspeed*dt end end end It is implemented in the update function as: if love.keyboard.isDown("backspace") then stopMoving(player, dt) end The problem is that when I am holding down backspace, it spins the player clockwise (though I am trying to have it go the direction that would be the most efficient at getting to the angle it would have to be) and then it never starts to accelerate the player in the direction opposite to it's velocity. What should I change in this code to get that to work? EDIT : I'm not trying to just stop the player in place, I'm trying to get it to use it's normal commands to neutralize it's existing velocity. I also changed math.atan to math.atan2, apparently it's better. I noticed no difference when running it, though.

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  • OO Design - polymorphism - how to design for handing streams of different file types

    - by Kache4
    I've little experience with advanced OO practices, and I want to design this properly as an exercise. I'm thinking of implementing the following, and I'm asking if I'm going about this the right way. I have a class PImage that holds the raw data and some information I need for an image file. Its header is currently something like this: #include <boost/filesytem.hpp> #include <vector> namespace fs = boost::filesystem; class PImage { public: PImage(const fs::path& path, const unsigned char* buffer, int bufferLen); const vector<char> data() const { return data_; } const char* rawData() const { return &data_[0]; } /*** other assorted accessors ***/ private: fs::path path_; int width_; int height_; int filesize_; vector<char> data_; } I want to fill the width_ and height_ by looking through the file's header. The trivial/inelegant solution would be to have a lot of messy control flow that identifies the type of image file (.gif, .jpg, .png, etc) and then parse the header accordingly. Instead of using vector<char> data_, I was thinking of having PImage use a class, RawImageStream data_ that inherits from vector<char>. Each type of file I plan to support would then inherit from RawImageStream, e.g. RawGifStream, RawPngStream. Each RawXYZStream would encapsulate the respective header-parsing functions, and PImage would only have to do something like height_ = data_.getHeight();. Am I thinking this through correctly? How would I create the proper RawImageStream subclass for data_ to be in the PImage ctor? Is this where I could use an object factory? Anything I'm forgetting?

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  • Usng Rails ActiveRecord relationships

    - by Brian Goff
    I'm a newbie programmer, been doing shell scripting for years but have recently taken on OOP programming using Ruby and am creating a Rails application. I'm having a hard time getting my head wrapped around how to use my defined model relationships. I've tried searching Google, but all I can come up with are basically cheat sheets for what has_many, belongs_to, etc all mean. This stuff is easy to define & understand, especially since I've done a lot of work directly with SQL. What I don't understand is how to actually used those defined relationships. In my case I have 3 models: Locations Hosts Services Relationships (not actual code, just for shortening it): Services belongs_to :hosts Hosts has_many :services belongs_to :locations Locations has_many :hosts In this case I want to be able to display a column from Locations while working with Services. In SQL this is a simple join, but I want to do it the Rails/Ruby way, and also not use SQL in my code or redefine my joins.

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  • i m trying to return list<object> from webmethod but gives error

    - by girish
    System.InvalidOperationException: There was an error generating the XML document. --- System.InvalidOperationException: The type WebService.Property.Property_Users was not expected. Use the XmlInclude or SoapInclude attribute to specify types that are not known statically. at System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializationWriter.WriteTypedPrimitive(String name, String ns, Object o, Boolean xsiType) at Microsoft.Xml.Serialization.GeneratedAssembly.XmlSerializationWriter1.Write1_Object(String n, String ns, Object o, Boolean isNullable, Boolean needType) at Microsoft.Xml.Serialization.GeneratedAssembly.XmlSerializationWriter1.Write8_ArrayOfAnyType(Object o) at Microsoft.Xml.Serialization.GeneratedAssembly.ListOfObjectSerializer.Serialize(Object objectToSerialize, XmlSerializationWriter writer) at System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.Serialize(XmlWriter xmlWriter, Object o, XmlSerializerNamespaces namespaces, String encodingStyle, String id) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.Serialize(XmlWriter xmlWriter, Object o, XmlSerializerNamespaces namespaces, String encodingStyle, String id) at System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.Serialize(TextWriter textWriter, Object o, XmlSerializerNamespaces namespaces) at System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.Serialize(TextWriter textWriter, Object o) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.XmlReturnWriter.Write(HttpResponse response, Stream outputStream, Object returnValue) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.HttpServerProtocol.WriteReturns(Object[] returnValues, Stream outputStream) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebServiceHandler.WriteReturns(Object[] returnValues) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebServiceHandler.Invoke() public List<object> GetDataByModuleName(string ModuleName) { List<Property_Users> obj_UserList = new List<Property_Users>(); // performing some operation that add data to obj_UserList List < Object > myList = new List<object>(); return ConvertToObjectList<Property_Users>(obj_UserList); } public List<Object> ConvertToObjectList<N>(List<N> sourceList) { List<Object> result = new List<Object>(); foreach (N item in sourceList) { result.Add(item as Object); } return result; } [WebMethod] public List<object> GetDataByModuleName(string ModuleName) { List<object> obj_list = new List<object>(); obj_list = BAL_GeneralService.GetDataByModuleName(ModuleName); return obj_list; }

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  • Two objects with dependencies for each other. Is that bad?

    - by Kasper Grubbe
    Hi SO. I am learning a lot about design patterns these days. And I want to ask you about a design question that I can't find an answer to. Currently I am building a little Chat-server using sockets, with multiple Clients. Currently I have three classes. Person-class which holds information like nick, age and a Room-object. Room-class which holds information like room-name, topic and a list of Persons currently in that room. Hotel-class which have a list of Persons and a list of Rooms on the server. I have made a diagram to illustrate it (Sorry for the big size!): http://i.imgur.com/Kpq6V.png I have a list of players on the server in the Hotel-class because it would be nice to keep track of how many there are online right now (Without having to iterate through all of the rooms). The persons live in the Hotel-class because I would like to be able to search for a specific Person without searching the rooms. Is this bad design? Is there another way of achieve it? Thanks.

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  • Object Design catalog and resources

    - by Tauren
    I'm looking for web sites, books, or other resources that provide a catalog of object designs used in common scenarios. I'm not looking for generic design patterns, but for samples of actual object designs that were used to solve real problems. For instance, I'm about to build an internal messaging system for a web application, similar to Facebook's messaging system. This system will allow administrators to send messages to all members, to selected groups of members, or to individuals. Members can send messages to other members or groups of members. Fairly common stuff and a feature that I'm sure thousands of web applications require. I know each situation is different and there are a million ways to design this solution. Although this scenario isn't really all that complex, I'm sure the basic design of the necessary objects and relationships for a system like this has already been done many times. It would be nice to review other similar designs before building my own. Is there a place where people can share their designs and others can browse/search through the catalog to review and provide feedback on them? StackOverflow could be used to a degree for this, but doesn't really provide a catalog of designs. Any other resources that would relate?

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  • Why does C++ behave this way?

    - by eSKay
    #include<stdio.h> int b = 0; class A { public: int a;}; class B: public A { int c; int d; public: B(){ b++; a = b; printf("B:%d\n",b); } }; int main() { A* a = new B[10]; B* b = new B[10]; printf("\n%d", a->a); a++; printf("\n%d", a->a); // prints junk value printf("\n\n%d", b->a); b++; printf("\n%d", b->a); return 0; } The second printf prints a junk value. It should figure that it is pointing to an object of type B and increment by the sizof(B). Why does that not happen?

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  • Is there a Python module for handling Python object addresses?

    - by cool-RR
    (When I say "object address", I mean the string that you type in Python to access an object. For example 'life.State.step'. Most of the time, all the objects before the last dot will be packages/modules, but in some cases they can be classes or other objects.) In my Python project I often have the need to play around with object addresses. Some tasks that I have to do: Given an object, get its address. Given an address, get the object, importing any needed modules on the way. Shorten an object's address by getting rid of redundant intermediate modules. (For example, 'life.life.State.step' may be the official address of an object, but if 'life.State.step' points at the same object, I'd want to use it instead because it's shorter.) Shorten an object's address by "rooting" a specified module. (For example, 'garlicsim_lib.simpacks.prisoner.prisoner.State.step' may be the official address of an object, but I assume that the user knows where the prisoner package is, so I'd want to use 'prisoner.prisoner.State.step' as the address.) Is there a module/framework that handles things like that? I wrote a few utility modules to do these things, but if someone has already written a more mature module that does this, I'd prefer to use that. One note: Please, don't try to show me a quick implementation of these things. It's more complicated than it seems, there are plenty of gotchas, and any quick-n-dirty code will probably fail for many important cases. These kind of tasks call for battle-tested code. UPDATE: When I say "object", I mostly mean classes, modules, functions, methods, stuff like these. Sorry for not making this clear before.

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  • Object of type "X" cannot be converted to object of type "X"

    - by Benjol
    (Can't believe this hasn't already been asked, but I can't find a dup) In Visual Studio with lots of projects, when I first open the solution, I sometimes get the warning Object of type "X" cannot be converted to object of type "X". Generally rebuilding seems to make it go away, but does anyone know what this is caused by, and how to avoid it? UPDATE I read somewhere that deleting all your resx files and rebuilding can help. I unthinkingly tried this. Not a good idea...

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  • C++ include statement required if defining a map in a headerfile.

    - by Justin
    I was doing a project for computer course on programming concepts. This project was to be completed in C++ using Object Oriented designs we learned throughout the course. Anyhow, I have two files symboltable.h and symboltable.cpp. I want to use a map as the data structure so I define it in the private section of the header file. I #include <map> in the cpp file before I #include "symboltable.h". I get several errors from the compiler (MS VS 2008 Pro) when I go to debug/run the program the first of which is: Error 1 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'table' c:\users\jsmith\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\project2\project2\symboltable.h 22 Project2 To fix this I had to #include <map> in the header file, which to me seems strange. Here are the relevant code files: // symboltable.h #include <map> class SymbolTable { public: SymbolTable() {} void insert(string variable, double value); double lookUp(string variable); void init(); // Added as part of the spec given in the conference area. private: map<string, double> table; // Our container for variables and their values. }; and // symboltable.cpp #include <map> #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; #include "symboltable.h" void SymbolTable::insert(string variable, double value) { table[variable] = value; // Creates a new map entry, if variable name already exist it overwrites last value. } double SymbolTable::lookUp(string variable) { if(table.find(variable) == table.end()) // Search for the variable, find() returns a position, if thats the end then we didnt find it. throw exception("Error: Uninitialized variable"); else return table[variable]; } void SymbolTable::init() { table.clear(); // Clears the map, removes all elements. }

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  • Object oriented design suggestion

    - by pocoa
    Here is my code: class Soldier { public: Soldier(const string &name, const Gun &gun); string getName(); private: Gun gun; string name; }; class Gun { public: void fire(); void load(int bullets); int getBullets(); private: int bullets; } I need to call all the member functiosn of Gun over a Soldier object. Something like: soldier.gun.fire(); or soldier.getGun().load(15); So which one is a better design? Hiding the gun object as a private member and access it with getGun() function. Or making it a public member? Or I can encapsulate all these functions would make the implementation harder: soldier.loadGun(15); // calls Gun.load() soldier.fire(); // calls Gun.fire() So which one do you think is the best?

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  • Java List with Objects - find and replace (delete) entry if Object with certain attribute already ex

    - by Sophomore
    Hi there I've been working all day and I somehow can't get this probably easy task figured out - probably a lack of coffee... I have a synchronizedList where some Objects are being stored. Those objects have a field which is something like an ID. These objects carry information about a user and his current state (simplified). The point is, that I only want one object for each user. So when the state of this user changes, I'd like to remove the "old" entry and store a new one in the List. protected static class Objects{ ... long time; Object ID; ... } ... if (Objects.contains(ID)) { Objects.remove(ID); Objects.add(newObject); } else { Objects.add(newObject); } Obviously this is not the way to go but should illustrate what I'm looking for... Maybe the data structure is not the best for this purpose but any help is welcome!

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  • Object Oriented Programming in AS3

    - by Jordan
    I'm building a game in as3 that has balls moving and bouncing off the walls. When the user clicks an explosion appears and any ball that hits that explosion explodes too. Any ball that then hits that explosion explodes and so on. My question is what would be the best class structure for the balls. I have a level system to control levels and such and I've already come up with working ways to code the balls. Here's what I've done. My first attempt was to create a class for Movement, Bounce, Explosion and finally Orb. These all extended each other in the order I just named them. I got it working but having Bounce extend Movement and Explosion extend Bounce, it just doesn't seem very object oriented because what if I wanted to add a box class that didn't move, but did explode? I would need a separate class for that explosion. My second attempt was to create Movement, Bounce and Explosion without extending anything. Instead I passed in a reference to the Orb class to each. Then the class stores that reference and does what it needs to do based on events that are dispatched by the Orb such as update, which was broadcast from Orb every enter frame. This would drive the movement and bounce and also the explosion when the time came. This attempt worked as well but it just doesn't seem right. I've also thought about using Interfaces but because they are more of an outline for classes, I feel like code reuse goes out the window as each class would need its own code for a specific task even if that task is exactly the same. I feel as if I'm searching for some form of multiple inheritance for classes that as3 does not support. Can someone explain to me a better way of doing what I'm attempting to do? Am I being to "Object Oriented" by having classed for Movement, Bounce, Explosion and Orb? Are Interfaces the way to go? Any feedback is appreciated!

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  • ASP.NET MVC Map String Url To A Route Value Object

    - by mwgriffiths
    I am creating a modular ASP.NET MVC application using areas. In short, I have created a greedy route that captures all routes beginning with {application}/{*catchAll}. Here is the action: // get /application/index public ActionResult Index(string application, object catchAll) { // forward to partial request to return partial view ViewData["partialRequest"] = new PartialRequest(catchAll); // this gets called in the view page and uses a partial request class to return a partial view } Example: The Url "/Application/Accounts/LogOn" will then cause the Index action to pass "/Accounts/LogOn" into the PartialRequest, but as a string value. // partial request constructor public PartialRequest(object routeValues) { RouteValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(routeValues); } In this case, the route value dictionary will not return any values for the routeData, whereas if I specify a route in the Index Action: ViewData["partialRequest"] = new PartialRequest(new { controller = "accounts", action = "logon" }); It works, and the routeData values contains a "controller" key and an "action" key; whereas before, the keys are empty, and therefore the rest of the class wont work. So my question is, how can I convert the "/Accounts/LogOn" in the catchAll to "new { controller = "accounts", action = "logon" }"?? If this is not clear, I will explain more! :) Matt This is the "closest" I have got, but it obviously wont work for complex routes: // split values into array var routeParts = catchAll.ToString().Split(new char[] { '/' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); // feels like a hack catchAll = new { controller = routeParts[0], action = routeParts[1] };

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  • embed dll in html <object>

    - by Raynos
    I've come across some old code <object id="foo" classid="/location/bar.dll#ProjectName.ClassName" viewastext></object> It doesn't currently work and used to work in older versions of IE. I've never come across embedding a dll in a web page like this. It appears to be a windows .NET application written in C#. This is used on our intranet. And ClassName is of type System.Windows.Forms.UserControl It also seems I can call the C# methods of the UserControl directly through javascript. Does anyone have any documentation on how this works and whether its possible to hack it into firefox. Rewriting the windows control as a web application would be a nightmare. [Edit] It appears to be some kind of activeX / COM thing where in IE you could just port a windows application directly into a html file. It's supposed to be able to run locally if you set up various correctly. If anyone has an idea of what needs to be set up for this to work, that would be nice.

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  • Doubts in executable and relocatable object file

    - by bala1486
    Hello, I have written a simple Hello World program. #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello World"); return 0; } I wanted to understand how the relocatable object file and executable file look like. The object file corresponding to the main function is 0000000000000000 <main>: 0: 55 push %rbp 1: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 4: bf 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%edi 9: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax e: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 13 <main+0x13> 13: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax 18: c9 leaveq 19: c3 retq Here the function call for printf is callq 13. One thing i don't understand is why is it 13. That means call the function at adresss 13, right??. 13 has the next instruction, right?? Please explain me what does this mean?? The executable code corresponding to main is 00000000004004cc <main>: 4004cc: 55 push %rbp 4004cd: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 4004d0: bf dc 05 40 00 mov $0x4005dc,%edi 4004d5: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax 4004da: e8 e1 fe ff ff callq 4003c0 <printf@plt> 4004df: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax 4004e4: c9 leaveq 4004e5: c3 retq Here it is callq 4003c0. But the binary instruction is e8 e1 fe ff ff. There is nothing that corresponds to 4003c0. What is that i am getting wrong? Thanks. Bala

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  • Object reference not set to an instance of an object.

    - by Lambo
    I have the following code - private static void convert() { string csv = File.ReadAllText("test.csv"); string year = "2008"; XDocument doc = ConvertCsvToXML(csv, new[] { "," }); doc.Save("update.xml"); XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader("update.xml"); XmlDocument testDoc = new XmlDocument(); testDoc.Load(@"update.xml"); XDocument turnip = XDocument.Load("update.xml"); webservice.singleSummary[] test = new webservice.singleSummary[1]; webservice.FinanceFeed CallWebService = new webservice.FinanceFeed(); foreach(XElement el in turnip.Descendants("row")) { test[0].account = el.Descendants("var").Where(x => (string)x.Attribute("name") == "account").SingleOrDefault().Attribute("value").Value; test[0].actual = System.Convert.ToInt32(el.Descendants("var").Where(x => (string)x.Attribute("name") == "actual").SingleOrDefault().Attribute("value").Value); test[0].commitment = System.Convert.ToInt32(el.Descendants("var").Where(x => (string)x.Attribute("name") == "commitment").SingleOrDefault().Attribute("value").Value); test[0].costCentre = el.Descendants("var").Where(x => (string)x.Attribute("name") == "costCentre").SingleOrDefault().Attribute("value").Value; test[0].internalCostCentre = el.Descendants("var").Where(x => (string)x.Attribute("name") == "internalCostCentre").SingleOrDefault().Attribute("value").Value; MessageBox.Show(test[0].account, "Account"); MessageBox.Show(System.Convert.ToString(test[0].actual), "Actual"); MessageBox.Show(System.Convert.ToString(test[0].commitment), "Commitment"); MessageBox.Show(test[0].costCentre, "Cost Centre"); MessageBox.Show(test[0].internalCostCentre, "Internal Cost Centre"); CallWebService.updateFeedStatus(test, year); } It is coming up with the error of - NullReferenceException was unhandled, saying that the object reference not set to an instance of an object. The error occurs on the first line test[0].account. How can I get past this?

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  • Properly populating tables in an Object Relational database

    - by chaosTechnician
    I've got a homework assignment that requires that I use Oracle 10g Express to implement an Object Relational database to track phone billing data. I have a superclass of Communications with subclasses of Call, Text, and Data. I'm hitting a snag with properly populating these tables so that I can find the appropriate data in the various tables. My Types and Tables are declared as such: create type CommunicationType as object ( -- column names here ) not final; create type CallType under CommunicationType ( -- column names here ); create type TextType under CommunicationType ( -- column names here ); create type DataType under CommunicationType ( -- column names here ); create table Communications of CommunicationType ( -- Primary and Foreign key constraints here ); create table Calls of CallType; create table Texts of TextType; create table Datas of DataType; When I try to insert data into one of the subclasses, its entry doesn't appear in the superclass. Likewise if I insert into the superclass, it doesn't show up in the appropriate subclass. For example, insert into Calls values (CallType( -- Values -- )); doesn't show any data in Communications. Nor does insert into Communications values (CallType( -- Values -- )); show anything in Calls. What am I doing wrong?

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