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  • Python: override __init__ args in __new__

    - by EoghanM
    I have a __new__ method as follows: class MyClass(object): def __new__(cls, *args): new_args = [] args.sort() prev = args.pop(0) while args: next = args.pop(0) if prev.compare(next): prev = prev.combine(next) else: new_args.append(prev) prev = next if some_check(prev): return SomeOtherClass() new_args.append(prev) return super(MyClass, cls).__new__(cls, new_args) def __init__(self, *args): ... However, this fails with a deprecation warning: DeprecationWarning: object.__new__() takes no parameters SomeOtherClass can optionally get created as the args are processed, that's why they are being processed in __new__ and not in __init__ What is the best way to pass new_args to __init__? Otherwise, I'll have to duplicate the processing of args in __init__ (without some_check)

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  • Python unicode issues (2.6)

    - by ephemeralis
    I'm currently working on a irc bot for a multi-lingual channel, and I'm encountering some issues with unicode which are proving nearly impossible to solve. No matter what configuration of unicode encoding I seem to try, the list function which the below code sits within just flat out does nothing (c.notice is a class function which sends a NOTICE command to the irc server) or when it does do something, spits out something which obviously isn't encoded. The command should be sending ??, but instead it seems hellbent on sending å¤©å­ with a previous configuration of the same commands. The one I have specified below is of the 'send nothing' variety. I haven't worked with unicode before this, and thus I am quite stuck. I'm also positive that I'm doing this completely wrong as a consequence. (compileCMD just takes a list and spits out a single string of all the elements within the list) uk = self.compileCMD(self.faq.keys(),0) ukeys = unicode(uk,"utf-8").encode("utf-8") c.notice(nick, u"Current list of faq entries: %s" % (uk))

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  • what's faster: merging lists or dicts in python?

    - by tipu
    I'm working with an app that is cpu-bound more than memory bound, and I'm trying to merge two things whether they be sets or dicts. Now the thing is i can choose either one, but I'm wondering if merging dicts would be faster since it's all in memory? Or is it always going to be O(n), n being the size of the smaller set. The reason I asked about dicts rather than sets is because I can't convert a set to json, because that results in {key1, key2, key3} and json needs a key/value pair, so I am using a dict so json dumps returns {key1:1, key2:1, key3:1}. Yes this is wasteful, but if it proves to be faster then I'm okay with it.

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  • getting expat to use .dtd for entity replacement in python

    - by nicolas78
    I'm trying to read in an xml file which looks like this <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE dblp SYSTEM "dblp.dtd"> <dblp> <incollection> <author>Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley</author> </incollection> </dblp> The point that creates the problem looks is the Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley part: The parser calls its character handler twice, once with "Jos", once with " A. Blakeley". Now I understand this may be the correct behaviour if it doesn't know the eacute entity. However, this is defined in the dblp.dtd, which I have. I don't seem to be able to convince expat to use this file, though. All I can say is p = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate() # tried with and without following line p.SetParamEntityParsing(xml.parsers.expat.XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_ALWAYS) p.UseForeignDTD(True) f = open(dblp_file, "r") p.ParseFile(f) but expat still doesn't recognize my entity. Why is there no way to tell expat which DTD to use? I've tried putting the file into the same directory as the XML putting the file into the program's working directory replacing the reference in the xml file by an absolute path What am I missing? Thx.

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  • Reading Binary Plist files with Python

    - by Zeki Turedi
    I am currently using the Plistlib module to read Plist files but I am currently having an issue with it when it comes to Binary Plist files. I am wanting to read the data into a string to later to be analysed/printed etc. I am wondering if their is anyway of reading in a Binary Plist file without using the plutil function and converting the binary file into XML? Thank you for your help and time in advance.

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  • How to merge duplicates in 2D python arrays

    - by Wei Lou
    Hi, I have a set of data similar to this: No Start Time End Time CallType Info 1 13:14:37.236 13:14:53.700 Ping1 RTT(Avr):160ms 2 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping2 RTT(Avr):40ms 3 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping3_1 RTT(Avr):620ms 3 13:19:12.754 Ping3_2 RTT(Avr):210ms 4 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping4 RTT(Avr):360ms 5 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping1 RTT(Avr):40ms 6 13:19:59.862 13:20:01.522 Ping2 RTT(Avr):163ms ... when i parse through it, i need merge the results of Ping3_1 and Ping3_2. Then take average of those two row export as one row. So the end of result would be like this: No Start Time End Time CallType Info 1 13:14:37.236 13:14:53.700 Ping1 RTT(Avr):160ms 2 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping2 RTT(Avr):40ms 3 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping3 RTT(Avr):415ms 4 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping4 RTT(Avr):360ms 5 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping1 RTT(Avr):40ms 6 13:19:59.862 13:20:01.522 Ping2 RTT(Avr):163ms currently i am concatenating column 0 and 1 to make a unique key, find duplication there then doing rest of special treatment for those parallel Pings. It is not elegant at all. Just wonder what is the better way to do it. Thanks!

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  • how to use @ in python..

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code: def a(): print 'sss' @a() def b(): print 'aaa' b() and the Traceback is: sss Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 8, in <module> @a() TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable so how to use the '@' thanks

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  • Sphinx - Python modules, classes and functions documentation

    - by user343934
    Hi everyone, I am trying to document my small project through sphinx which im recently trying to get familiar with. I read some tutorials and sphinx documentation but couldn't make it. Setup and configurations are ok! just have problems in using sphinx in a technical way. My table of content should look like this --- Overview .....Contents ----Configuration ....Contents ---- System Requirements .....Contents ---- How to use .....Contents ---- Modules ..... Index ......Display ----Help ......Content Moreover my focus is on Modules with docstrings. Details of Modules are Directory:- c:/wamp/www/project/ ----- Index.py >> Class HtmlTemplate: .... def header(): .... def body(): .... def form(): .... def header(): .... __init_main: ##inline function ----- display.py >> Class MainDisplay: .... def execute(): .... def display(): .... def tree(): .... __init_main: ##inline function My Documentation Directory:- c:/users/abc/Desktop/Documentation/doc/ --- _build --- _static --- _templates --- conf.py --- index.rst I have added Modules directory to the system environment and edited index.rst with following codes just to test Table of content. But i couldn't extract docstring directly Index.rst T-Alignment Documentation The documentation covers general overview of the application covering functionalities and requirements in details. To know how to use application its better to go through the documentation. .. _overview: Overview .. _System Requirement: System Requirement Seq-alignment tools can be used in varied systems base on whether all intermediary applications are available or not like in Windows, Mac, Linux and UNIX. But, it has been tested on the Windows working under a beta version. System Applications Server .. _Configuration:: Configuration Basic steps in configuration involves in following categories Environment variables Apache setting .. _Modules:: Modules How can i continue from here... Moreover, i am just a beginner to sphinx documentation tool I need your suggestions to brings my modules docstring to my documentation page Thanks

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  • Monitor web sites visited using Internet Explorer, Opera, Chrome, Firefox and Safari in Python

    - by Zachary Brown
    I am working on a project for work and have seemed to run into a small problem. The project is a similar program to Web Nanny, but branded to my client's company. It will have features such as website blocking by URL, keyword and web activity logs. I would also need it to be able to "pause" downloads until an acceptable username and password is entered. I found a script to monitor the URL visited in Internet Explorer (shown below), but it seems to slow the browser down considerably. I have not found any support or ideas onhow to implement this in other browsers. So, my questions are: 1). How to I monitor other browser activity / visited URLs? 2). How do I prevent downloading unless an acceptable username and password is entered? from win32com.client import Dispatch,WithEvents import time,threading,pythoncom,sys stopEvent=threading.Event() class EventSink(object): def OnNavigateComplete2(self,*args): print "complete",args stopEvent.set() def waitUntilReady(ie): if ie.ReadyState!=4: while 1: print "waiting" pythoncom.PumpWaitingMessages() stopEvent.wait(.2) if stopEvent.isSet() or ie.ReadyState==4: stopEvent.clear() break; time.clock() ie=Dispatch('InternetExplorer.Application',EventSink) ev=WithEvents(ie,EventSink) ie.Visible=1 ie.Navigate("http://www.google.com") waitUntilReady(ie) print "location",ie.LocationName ie.Navigate("http://www.aol.com") waitUntilReady(ie) print "location",ie.LocationName print ie.LocationName,time.clock() print ie.ReadyState

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  • Hierarchy / Flyweight / Instancing Problem in Python

    - by Dan
    Here is the problem I am trying to solve, (I have simplified the actual problem, but this should give you all the relevant information). I have a hierarchy like so: 1.A 1.B 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.F (This is hard to illustrate - each number is the parent, each letter is the child). Creating an instance of the 'letter' objects is expensive (IO, database costs, etc), so should only be done once. The hierarchy needs to be easy to navigate. Children in the hierarchy need to have just one parent. Modifying the contents of the letter objects should be possible directly from the objects in the hierarchy. There needs to be a central store containing all of the 'letter' objects (and only those in the hierarchy). 'letter' and 'number' objects need to be possible to create from a constructor (such as Letter(**kwargs) ). It is perfectably acceptable to expect that when a letter changes from the hierarchy, all other letters will respect the same change. Hope this isn't too abstract to illustrate the problem. What would be the best way of solving this? (Then I'll post my solution) Here's an example script: one = Number('one') a = Letter('a') one.addChild(a) two = Number('two') a = Letter('a') two.addChild(a) for child in one: child.method1() for child in two: print '%s' % child.method2()

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  • Remove certain keys from a dictionary in python

    - by Margaret
    I'm trying to construct a dictionary that contains a series of sets: {Field1:{Value1, Value2, Value3}, Field2{Value4}} The trouble is, I then wish to delete any fields from the dictionary that only have one value in the set. I have been writing code like this: for field in FieldSet: if len(FieldSet[field]) == 1: del(FieldSet[field]) But receive the error "RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during execution". (Not surprising, since that's what I'm doing.) It's not the be-all and end-all if I have to knock together some sort of workaround, but is it possible to do this?

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  • Python: Convert a string to an integer

    - by Adam Nelson
    Does anybody have a quickie for converting an unsafe string to an int? The string typically comes back as: '234\r\n' or something like that. In this case I want 234. If '-1\r\n', I want -1. I never want the method to fail but I don't want to go so far as try, except, pass just to hide errors either (in case something extreme happens).

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  • in python: can i pass class method as and a default argument to another class method

    - by alex
    i want to to pass class method as and a default argument to another class method, so that i can re-use the method as a @classmethod @classmethod class foo: def func1(self,x): do somthing; def func2(self, aFunc = self.func1): # make some a call to afunc afunc(4) this why when the method func2 is called within the class aFunc defaults to self.func1, but i can call this same function from outside of the class and pass it a different function at the input. i get NameError: name 'self' is not defined

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  • Using Python's ConfigParser to read a file without section name

    - by Arrieta
    Hello: I am using ConfigParser to read the runtime configuration of a script. I would like to have the flexibility of not providing a section name (there are scripts which are simple enough; they don't need a 'section'). ConfigParser will throw the NoSectionError exception, and will not accept the file. How can I make ConfigParser simply retrieve the (key, value) tuples of a config file without section names? For instance: key1=val1 key2:val2 I would rather not write to the config file.

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  • Sort a python dict

    - by ensnare
    I have a list of dictionaries: [{'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}, {'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}] I'd like to sort it by the title, so elements with A go before Z: [{'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}, {'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}] What's the best way to do this? Also, is there a way to ensure the order of each dictionary key stays constant, e.g., always title, title_url, then id? Thank you.

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  • Proper way to assert type of variable in Python

    - by Morlock
    In using a function, I wish to ensure that the type of the variables are as expected. How to do it right? Here is an example fake function trying to do just this before going on with its role: def my_print(text, begin, end): """Print text in UPPER between 'begin' and 'end' in lower """ for i in (text, begin, end): assert type(i) == type("") out = begin.lower() + text.upper() + end.lower() print out Is this approach valid? Should I use something else than type(i) == type("") ? Should I use try/except instead? Thanks pythoneers

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  • Exit Tks mainloop in Python?

    - by Olof
    I'm writing a slideshow program with Tkinter, but I don't know how to go to the next image without binding a key. import os, sys import Tkinter import Image, ImageTk import time root = Tkinter.Tk() w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight() root.overrideredirect(1) root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h)) root.focus_set() root.bind("<Escape>", lambda e: e.widget.quit()) image_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'images/') dirlist = os.listdir(image_path) for f in dirlist: try: image = Image.open(image_path+f) tkpi = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image) label_image = Tkinter.Label(root, image=tkpi) # ? label_image.place(x=0,y=0,width=w,height=h) root.mainloop(0) except IOError: pass root.destroy() I would like to add a time.sleep(10) "instead" of the root.mainloop(0) so that it would go to the next image after 10s. Now it changes when I press ESC. How can I have a timer there?

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  • Python - excel - xlwt: colouring every second row

    - by konjo
    Hi, i just finish some MYSQL to excel script with xlwt and I need to colour every second row for easy reading. I have tried this: row = easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour blue') for i in range(0,10,2): ws0.row(i).set_style(row) Alone this colouring is fine, but when when I write my data rows are again white. Can some please show me some example 'cuz I m lost in coding :/ Best Regards.

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  • Nested generator functions in python

    - by Yuval A
    Consider a tuple v = (a,b,c) and a generator function generate(x) which receives an item from the tuple and generates several options for each item. What is the pythonic way of generating a set of all the possible combinations of the result of generate(x) on each item in the tuple? I could do this: v = (a,b,c) for d in generate(v[0]): for e in generate(v[1]): for f in generate(v[2]): print d,e,f but that's just ugly, plus I need a generic solution.

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  • need help with a small Python program

    - by Matthew
    Basically looking for a small program that will do nothing but activate the F6 key every x seconds for the active window, x being whatever number I enter, and the program stops with the hit of like ctrl+z or something. What would be a good way to do this?

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  • How do I overwrite a file currently being read by Python

    - by Brian
    Hi guys, I am not too sure the best way to word this, but what I want to do, is read a pdf file, make various modifications, and save the modified pdf over the original file. As of now, I am able to save the modified pdf to a separate file, but I am looking to replace the original, not create a new file. Here is my current code: from pyPdf import PdfFileWriter, PdfFileReader output = PdfFileWriter() input = PdfFileReader(file('input.pdf', 'rb')) blank = PdfFileReader(file('C:\\BLANK.pdf', 'rb')) # Copy the input pdf to the output. for page in range(int(input.getNumPages())): output.addPage(input.getPage(page)) # Add a blank page if needed. if (input.getNumPages() % 2 != 0): output.addPage(blank.getPage(0)) # Write the output to pdf. outputStream = file('input.pdf', 'wb') output.write(outputStream) outputStream.close() If i change the outputStream to a different file name, it works fine, I just cant save over the input file because it is still being used. I have tried to .close() the stream, but it was giving me errors as well. I have a feeling this has a fairly simple solution, I just haven't had any luck finding it. Thanks!

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  • Python: can't pickle module objects error

    - by adum
    i'm trying to pickle a big class and getting "TypeError: can't pickle module objects". despite looking around the web, i can't exactly figure out what this means. and i'm not sure which "module object" is causing the trouble. is there a way to find the culprit? the stack trace doesn't seem to indicate anything.

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