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• Java data structure suggestion.

  - by techoverflow

  Hi folks, I am a newbie in this field so please excuse my silly mistakes :) So the issue I am facing is: On my webpage, I am displaying a table. For now my issue is concerned with three columns of the table. First is : Area Code Second is : Zone Code Third is: Value The relationship between these three is: 1 Area Code has 6 different Zone code's and all those 6 Zone codes have corresponding "Value" I need a data structer that would give me the flexibility to get a "Value" for a Zone code, which falls under a particular Area code. I have the same zone codes for all the Area codes: Zone codes are: 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666 After surfing your stackoverflow, I thought I can go with this structure: Map<Integer, Map<Integer, Double>> retailPrices = new HashMap<Integer, Map<Integer, Double>>(); Map<Integer, Double> codes = new HashMap<Integer, Double>(); where reatailPrices would hold an Area Code and a Map of Zone code as Key and "Value" as Value. but when I am trying to populate this through a SQL resultset, I am getting the following error: The method put(Integer, Map<Integer,Double>) in the type Map is not applicable for the arguments (Integer, Double) on line: `while(oResult.next()) retailPrices.put((new Integer(oResult.getString("AREA"))), (pegPlPrices.put(new Integer(oResult.getString("ZONE_CODE")), new Double(oResult.getString("VALUE"))))); }` please help me figure out this problem. Am I following the right approach?

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• C++ meta-splat function

  - by aaa

  hello. Is there an existing function (in boost mpl or fusion) to splat meta-vector to variadic template arguments? for example: splat<vector<T1, T2, ...>, function>::type same as function<T1, T2, ...> my search have not found one, and I do not want to reinvent one if it already exists. edit: after some tinkering, apparently it's next to impossible to accomplish this in general way, as it would require declaring full template template parameter list for all possible cases. only reasonable solution is to use macro: #define splat(name, function) \ template<class T, ...> struct name; \ template<class T> \ struct name<T,typename boost::enable_if_c< \ result_of::size<T>::value == 1>::type> { \ typedef function< \ typename result_of::value_at_c<T,0>::type \ > type; \ }; Oh well. thank you

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• Method not being resolved for dynamic generic type

  - by kelloti

  I have these types: public class GenericDao<T> { public T Save(T t) { return t; } } public abstract class DomainObject { // Some properties protected abstract dynamic Dao { get; } public virtual void Save() { var dao = Dao; dao.Save(this); } } public class Attachment : DomainObject { protected dynamic Dao { get { return new GenericDao<Attachment>(); } } } Then when I run this code it fails with RuntimeBinderException: Best overloaded method match for 'GenericDAO<Attachment.Save(Attachment)' has some invalid arguments var obj = new Attachment() { /* set properties */ }; obj.Save(); I've verified that in DomainObject.Save() "this" is definitely Attachment, so the error doesn't really make sense. Can anyone shed some light on why the method isn't resolving? Some more information - It succeeds if I change the contents of DomainObject.Save() to use reflection: public virtual void Save() { var dao = Dao; var type = dao.GetType(); var save = ((Type)type).GetMethod("Save"); save.Invoke(dao, new []{this}); }

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• summing functions handles in matlab

  - by user552231

  Hi I am trying to sum two function handles, but it doesn't work. for example: y1=@(x)(x*x); y2=@(x)(x*x+3*x); y3=y1+y2 The error I receive is "??? Undefined function or method 'plus' for input arguments of type 'function_handle'." This is just a small example, in reality I actually need to iteratively sum about 500 functions that are dependent on each other. EDIT The solution by Clement J. indeed works but I couldn't manage to generalize this into a loop and ran into a problem. I have the function s=@(x,y,z)((1-exp(-x*y)-z)*exp(-x*y)); And I have a vector v that contains 536 data points and another vector w that also contains 536 data points. My goal is to sum up s(v(i),y,w(i)) for i=1...536 Thus getting one function in the variable y which is the sum of 536 functions. The syntax I tried in order to do this is: sum=@(y)(s(v(1),y,z2(1))); for i=2:536 sum=@(y)(sum+s(v(i),y,z2(i))) end

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• Haskell Cons Operator (:)

  - by Carson Myers

  I am really new to Haskell (Actually I saw "Real World Haskell" from O'Reilly and thought "hmm, I think I'll learn functional programming" yesterday) and I am wondering: I can use the construct operator to add an item to the beginning of a list: 1 : [2,3] [1,2,3] I tried making an example data type I found in the book and then playing with it: --in a file data BillingInfo = CreditCard Int String String | CashOnDelivery | Invoice Int deriving (Show) --in ghci $ let order_list = [Invoice 2345] $ order_list [Invoice 2345] $ let order_list = CashOnDelivery : order_list $ order_list [CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, CashOnDelivery, ...- etc... it just repeats forever, is this because it uses lazy evaluation? -- EDIT -- okay, so it is being pounded into my head that let order_list = CashOnDelivery:order_list doesn't add CashOnDelivery to the original order_list and then set the result to order_list, but instead is recursive and creates an infinite list, forever adding CashOnDelivery to the beginning of itself. Of course now I remember that Haskell is a functional language and I can't change the value of the original order_list, so what should I do for a simple "tack this on to the end (or beginning, whatever) of this list?" Make a function which takes a list and BillingInfo as arguments, and then return a list? -- EDIT 2 -- well, based on all the answers I'm getting and the lack of being able to pass an object by reference and mutate variables (such as I'm used to)... I think that I have just asked this question prematurely and that I really need to delve further into the functional paradigm before I can expect to really understand the answers to my questions... I guess what i was looking for was how to write a function or something, taking a list and an item, and returning a list under the same name so the function could be called more than once, without changing the name every time (as if it was actually a program which would add actual orders to an order list, and the user wouldn't have to think of a new name for the list each time, but rather append an item to the same list).

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• Slightly different execution times between python2 and python3

  - by user557634

  Hi. Lastly I wrote a simple generator of permutations in python (implementation of "plain changes" algorithm described by Knuth in "The Art... 4"). I was curious about the differences in execution time of it between python2 and python3. Here is my function: def perms(s): s = tuple(s) N = len(s) if N <= 1: yield s[:] raise StopIteration() for x in perms(s[1:]): for i in range(0,N): yield x[:i] + (s[0],) + x[i:] I tested both using timeit module. My tests: $ echo "python2.6:" && ./testing.py && echo "python3:" && ./testing3.py python2.6: args time[ms] 1 0.003811 2 0.008268 3 0.015907 4 0.042646 5 0.166755 6 0.908796 7 6.117996 8 48.346996 9 433.928967 10 4379.904032 python3: args time[ms] 1 0.00246778964996 2 0.00656183719635 3 0.01419159912 4 0.0406293644678 5 0.165960511097 6 0.923101452814 7 6.24257639835 8 53.0099868774 9 454.540967941 10 4585.83498001 As you can see, for number of arguments less than 6, python 3 is faster, but then roles are reversed and python2.6 does better. As I am a novice in python programming, I wonder why is that so? Or maybe my script is more optimized for python2? Thank you in advance for kind answer :)

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• Learn Prolog Now! DCG Practice Example

  - by Timothy

  I have been progressing through Learn Prolog Now! as self-study and am now learning about Definite Clause Grammars. I am having some difficulty with one of the Practical Session's tasks. The task reads: The formal language anb2mc2mdn consists of all strings of the following form: an unbroken block of as followed by an unbroken block of bs followed by an unbroken block of cs followed by an unbroken block of ds, such that the a and d blocks are exactly the same length, and the c and d blocks are also exactly the same length and furthermore consist of an even number of cs and ds respectively. For example, ε, abbccd, and aaabbbbccccddd all belong to anb2mc2mdn. Write a DCG that generates this language. I am able to write rules that generate andn, b2mc2m, and even anb2m and c2mndn... but I can't seem to join all these rules into anb2mc2mdn. The following are my rules that can generate andn and b2mc2m. s1 --> []. s1 --> a,s1,d. a --> [a]. d --> [d]. s2 --> []. s2 --> c,c,s2,d,d. c --> [c]. d --> [d]. Is anb2mc2mdn really a CFG, and is it possible to write a DCG using only what was taught in the lesson (no additional arguments or code, etc)? If so, can anyone offer me some guidance how I can join these so that I can solve the given task?

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• How do you tell that your unit tests are correct?

  - by Jacob Adams

  I've only done minor unit testing at various points in my career. Whenever I start diving into it again, it always troubles me how to prove that my tests are correct. How can I tell that there isn't a bug in my unit test? Usually I end up running the app, proving it works, then using the unit test as a sort of regression test. What is the recommended approach and/or what is the approach you take to this problem? Edit: I also realize that you could write small, granular unit tests that would be easy to understand. However, if you assume that small, granular code is flawless and bulletproof, you could just write small, granular programs and not need unit testing. Edit2: For the arguments "unit testing is for making sure your changes don't break anything" and "this will only happen if the test has the exact same flaw as the code", what if the test overfits? It's possible to pass both good and bad code with a bad test. My main question is what good is unit testing since if your tests can be flawed you can't really improve your confidence in your code, can't really prove your refactoring worked, and can't really prove that you met the specification?

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• Breaking dependencies when you can't make changes to other files?

  - by codemuncher

  I'm doing some stealth agile development on a project. The lead programmer sees unit testing, refactoring, etc as a waste of resources and there is no way to convince him otherwise. His philosophy is "If it ain't broke don't fix it" and I understand his point of view. He's been working on the project for over a decade and knows the code inside and out. I'm not looking to debate development practices. I'm new to the project and I've been tasked with adding a new feature. I've worked on legacy projects before and used agile development practices with good result but those teams were more receptive to the idea and weren't afraid of making changes to code. I've been told I can use whatever development methodology I want but I have to limit my changes to only those necessary to add the feature. I'm using tdd for the new classes I'm writing but I keep running into road blocks caused by the liberal use of global variables and the high coupling in the classes I need to interact with. Normally I'd start extracting interfaces for these classes and make their dependence on the global variables explicit by injecting them as constructor arguments or public properties. I could argue that the changes are necessary but considering the lead never had to make them I doubt he would see it my way. What techniques can I use to break these dependencies without ruffling the lead developer's feathers? I've made some headway using: Extract Interface (for the new classes I'm creating) Extend and override the wayward classes with test stubs. (luckily most methods are public virtual) But these two can only get me so far.

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• Generic Class Vb.net

  - by KoolKabin

  hi guys, I am stuck with a problem about generic classes. I am confused how I call the constructor with parameters. My interface: Public Interface IDBObject Sub [Get](ByRef DataRow As DataRow) Property UIN() As Integer End Interface My Child Class: Public Class User Implements IDBObject Public Sub [Get](ByRef DataRow As System.Data.DataRow) Implements IDBObject.Get End Sub Public Property UIN() As Integer Implements IDBObject.UIN Get End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) End Set End Property End Class My Next Class: Public Class Users Inherits DBLayer(Of User) #Region " Standard Methods " #End Region End Class My DBObject Class: Public Class DBLayer(Of DBObject As {New, IDBObject}) Public Shared Function GetData() As List(Of DBObject) Dim QueryString As String = "SELECT * ***;" Dim Dataset As DataSet = New DataSet() Dim DataList As List(Of DBObject) = New List(Of DBObject) Try Dataset = Query(QueryString) For Each DataRow As DataRow In Dataset.Tables(0).Rows **DataList.Add(New DBObject(DataRow))** Next Catch ex As Exception DataList = Nothing End Try Return DataList End Function End Class I get error in the starred area of the DBLayer Object. What might be the possible reason? what can I do to fix it? I even want to add New(byval someval as datatype) in IDBObject interface for overloading construction. but it also gives an error? how can i do it? Adding Sub New(ByVal DataRow As DataRow) in IDBObject producess following error 'Sub New' cannot be declared in an interface. Error Produced in DBLayer Object line: DataList.Add(New DBObject(DataRow)) Msg: Arguments cannot be passed to a 'New' used on a type parameter.

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• Java Generic Type and Reflection

  - by Tom Tucker

  I have some tricky generic type problem involving reflection. Here's the code. public @interface MyConstraint { Class<? extends MyConstraintValidator<?>> validatedBy(); } public interface MyConstraintValidator<T extends Annotation> { void initialize(T annotation); } /** @param annotation is annotated with MyConstraint. */ public void run(Annotation annotation) { Class<? extends MyConstraintValidator<? extends Annotation>> validatorClass = annotation.annotationType().getAnnotation(MyConstraint.class).validatedBy(); validatorClass.newInstance().initialize(annotation) // will not compile! } The run() method above will not compile because of the following error. The method initialize(capture#10-of ? extends Annotation) in the type MyConstraintValidator<capture#10-of ? extends Annotation> is not applicable for the arguments (Annotation) If I remove the wild cards, then it compiles and works fine. What would be the propert way to declare the type parameter for the vairable validatorClass? Thanks.

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• Being pressured to GOTO the dark-side

  - by Dan McG

  We have a situation at work where developers working on a legacy (core) system are being pressured into using GOTO statements when adding new features into existing code that is already infected with spagetti code. Now, I understand there may be arguments for using 'just one little GOTO' instead of spending the time on refactoring to a more maintainable solution. The issue is, this isolated 'just one little GOTO' isn't so isolated. At least once every week or so there is a new 'one little GOTO' to add. This codebase is already a horror to work with due to code dating back to or before 1984 being riddled with GOTOs that would make many Pastafarians believe it was inspired by the Flying Spagetti Monster itself. Unfortunately the language this is written in doesn't have any ready made refactoring tools, so it makes it harder to push the 'Refactor to increase productivity later' because short-term wins are the only wins paid attention to here... Has anyone else experienced this issue whereby everybody agrees that we cannot be adding new GOTOs to jump 2000 lines to a random section, but continually have Anaylsts insist on doing it just this one time and having management approve it? tldr; How can one go about addressing the issue of developers being pressured (forced) to continually add GOTO statements (by add, I mean add to jump to random sections many lines away) because it 'gets that feature in quicker'? I'm beginning to fear we may loses valuable developers to the raptors over this...

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• Refining Search Results [PHP/MySQL]

  - by Dae

  I'm creating a set of search panes that allow users to tweak their results set after submitting a query. We pull commonly occurring values in certain fields from the results and display them in order of their popularity - you've all seen this sort of thing on eBay. So, if a lot of rows in our results were created in 2009, we'll be able to click "2009" and see only rows created in that year. What in your opinion is the most efficient way of applying these filters? My working solution was to discard entries from the results that didn't match the extra arguments, like: while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) { foreach($_GET as $key => $val) { if($val !== $row[$key]) { continue 2; } } // Output... } This method should hopefully only query the database once in effect, as adding filters doesn't change the query - MySQL can cache and reuse one data set. On the downside it makes pagination a bit of a headache. The obvious alternative would be to build any additional criteria into the initial query, something like: $sql = "SELECT * FROM tbl MATCH (title, description) AGAINST ('$search_term')"; foreach($_GET as $key => $var) { $sql .= " AND ".$key." = ".$var; } Are there good reasons to do this instead? Or are there better options altogether? Maybe a temporary table? Any thoughts much appreciated!

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• Convincing why testing is good

  - by FireAphis

  Hello, In my team of real-time-embedded C/C++ developers, most people don't have any culture of testing their code beyond the casual manual sanity checks. I personally strongly believe in advantages of autonomous automatic tests, but when I try to convince I get some reappearing arguments like: We will spend more time on writing the tests than writing the code. It takes a lot of effort to maintain the tests. Our code is spaghetti; no way we can unit-test it. Our requirement are not sealed – we’ll have to rewrite all the tests every time the requirements are changed. Now, I'd gladly hear any convincing tips and advises, but what I am really looking for are references to researches, articles, books or serious surveys that show (preferably in numbers) how testing is worth the effort. Something like "We in IBM/Microsoft/Google, surveying 3475 active projects, found out that putting 50% more development time into testing decreased by 75% the time spent on fixing bugs" or "after half a year, the time needed to write code with test was only marginally longer than what used to take without tests". Any ideas? P.S.: I'm adding C++ tag too in case someone has a specific experience with convincing this, usually elitist, type of developers :-)

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• How can I build a generic dataset-handling Perl library?

  - by Pep.

  Hello, I want to build a generic Perl module for handling and analysing biomedical character separated datasets and which can, most certain, be used on any kind of datasets that contain a mixture of categorical (A,B,C,..) and continuous (1.2,3,881..) and identifier (XXX1,XXX2...). The plan is to have people initialize the module and then use some arguments to point to the data file(s), the place were the analysis reports should be placed and the structure of the data. By structure of data I mean which variable is in which place and its name/type. And this is where I need some enlightenment. I am baffled how to do this in a clean way. Obviously, having people create a simple schema file, be it XML or some other format would be the cleanest but maybe not all people enjoy doing something like this. The solutions I can think of are: Create a configuration file in XML or similar and with a prespecified format. Pass the information during initialization of the module. Use the first row of the data as headers and try to guess types (ouch) Surely there must be a "canonical" way of doing this that is also usable and efficient. Thanks p.

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• Should we retire the term "Context"?

  - by MrGumbe

  I'm not sure if there is a more abused term in the world of programming than "Context." A word that has a very clear meaning in the English language has somehow morphed into a hot mess in software development, where the definition where the connotation can be completely different based on what library you happen to be developing in. Tomcat uses the word context to mean the configuration of a web application. Java applets, on the other hand, use an AppletContext to define attributes of the browser and HTML tag that launched it, but the BeanContext is defined as a container. ASP.NET uses the HttpContext object as a grab bag of state - containing information about the current request / response, session, user, server, and application objects. Context Oriented Programming defines the term as "Any information which is computationally accessible may form part of the context upon which behavioral variations depend," which I translate as "anything in the world." The innards of the Windows OS uses the CONTEXT structure to define properties about the hardware environment. The .NET installation classes, however, use the InstallContext property to represent the command line arguments entered to the installation class. The above doesn't even touch how all of us non-framework developers have used the term. I've seen plenty of developers fall into the subconscious trap of "I can't think of anything else to call this class, so I'll name it 'WidgetContext.'" Do you all agree that before naming our class a "Context," we may want to first consider some more descriptive terms? "Environment", "Configuraton", and "ExecutionState" come readily to mind.

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• How to write an R function that evaluates an expression within a data-frame

  - by Prasad Chalasani

  Puzzle for the R cognoscenti: Say we have a data-frame: df <- data.frame( a = 1:5, b = 1:5 ) I know we can do things like with(df, a) to get a vector of results. But how do I write a function that takes an expression (such as a or a > 3) and does the same thing inside. I.e. I want to write a function fn that takes a data-frame and an expression as arguments and returns the result of evaluating the expression "within" the data-frame as an environment. Never mind that this sounds contrived (I could just use with as above), but this is just a simplified version of a more complex function I am writing. I tried several variants ( using eval, with, envir, substitute, local, etc) but none of them work. For example if I define fn like so: fn <- function(dat, expr) { eval(expr, envir = dat) } I get this error: > fn( df, a ) Error in eval(expr, envir = dat) : object 'a' not found Clearly I am missing something subtle about environments and evaluation. Is there a way to define such a function?

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• C: incompatible types in assignment

  - by The.Anti.9

  I'm writing a program to check to see if a port is open in C. One line in particular copies one of the arguments to a char array. However, when I try to compile, it says: error: incompatible types in assignment Heres the code. The error is on the assignment of addr #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { u_short port; /* user specified port number */ char addr[1023]; /* will be a copy of the address entered by u */ struct sockaddr_in address; /* the libc network address data structure */ short int sock = -1; /* file descriptor for the network socket */ port = atoi(argv[1]); addr = strncpy(addr, argv[2], 1023); bzero((char *)&address, sizeof(address)); /* init addr struct */ address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(addr); /* assign the address */ address.sin_port = htons(port); /* translate int2port num */ sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&address,sizeof(address)) == 0) { printf("%i is open\n", port); } if (errno == 113) { fprintf(stderr, "Port not open!\n"); } close(sock); return 0; } I'm new to C, so I'm not sure why it would do this.

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• How do i make multi call with SudzC

  - by laxonline

  I am developing magento eCommerce stores in iPhone. For that, i have using Sudzc service class for SOAP WS call. Now, I'm trying to create a cart session its working fine. im getting the cardid. And i need to add one product to cart with some arguments. below is the php request example i need to call same this PHP Request Example $proxy = new SoapClient('http://beta.saletab.com/api/soap/?wsdl'); $sessionId = $proxy->login('xxxx', 'zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz'); //print_r($sessionId); $shoppingCartId = $proxy->call( $sessionId, 'cart.create'); $result = $proxy->call($sessionId,'cart_product.add',array($shoppingCartId,array('product_id'=>"3109",'qty' => 2)),0); echo "REQUEST HEADERS:\n" . $result->__getLastRequestHeaders() . "\n"; IOS Request im trying to send some product details like productid, sku & cardid SDZMagentoService *service = [SDZMagentoService service]; NSString *sessionId = [IMAPP_DELEGATE getUserDefault:IMAPI_SESSIONID]; NSString *cartId = [IMAPP_DELEGATE getUserDefault:IMAPI_CARTSESSIONID]; NSDictionary *argu = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"3109",@"product_id",@"2",@"qty",cartId,@"card_id", nil]; [service call:self action:@selector(cartTest:) sessionId:sessionId resourcePath:@"cart_product.add" args:argu];

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• Vectorize matrix operation in R

  - by Fernando

  I have a R x C matrix filled to the k-th row and empty below this row. What i need to do is to fill the remaining rows. In order to do this, i have a function that takes 2 entire rows as arguments, do some calculations and output 2 fresh rows (these outputs will fill the matrix). I have a list of all 'pairs' of rows to be processed, but my for loop is not helping performance: # M is the matrix # nrow(M) and k are even, so nLeft is even M = matrix(1:48, ncol = 3) # half to fill k = nrow(M)/2 # simulate empty rows to be filled M[-(1:k), ] = 0 cat('before fill') print(M) # number of empty rows to fill nLeft = nrow(M) - k nextRow = k + 1 # list of rows to process (could be any order of non-empty rows) idxList = matrix(1:k, ncol = 2) for ( i in 1 : (nLeft / 2)) { row1 = M[idxList[i, 1],] row2 = M[idxList[i, 2],] # the two columns in 'results' will become 2 rows in M # fake result, return 2*row1 and 3*row2 results = matrix(c(2*row1, 3*row2), ncol = 2) # fill the matrix M[nextRow, ] = results[, 1] nextRow = nextRow + 1 M[nextRow, ] = results[, 2] nextRow = nextRow + 1 } cat('after fill') print(M) I tried to vectorize this, but failed... appreciate any help on improving this code, thanks!

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• recvfrom returns invalid argument when *from* is passed

  - by Aditya Sehgal

  I am currently writing a small UDP server program in linux. The UDP server will receive packets from two different peers and will perform different operations based on from which peer it received the packet. I am trying to determine the source from where I receive the packet. However, when select returns and recvfrom is called, it returns with an error of Invalid Argument. If I pass NULL as the second last arguments, recvfrom succeeds. I have tried declaring fromAddr as struct sockaddr_storage, struct sockaddr_in, struct sockaddr without any success. Is their something wrong with this code? Is this the correct way to determine the source of the packet? The code snippet follows. ` /*TODO : update for TCP. use recv */ if((pkInfo->rcvLen=recvfrom(psInfo->sockFd, pkInfo->buffer, MAX_PKTSZ, 0, /* (struct sockaddr*)&fromAddr,*/ NULL, &(addrLen) )) < 0) { perror("RecvFrom failed\n"); } else { /*Apply Filter */ #if 0 struct sockaddr_in* tmpAddr; tmpAddr = (struct sockaddr_in* )&fromAddr; printf("Received Msg From %s\n",inet_ntoa(tmpAddr->sin_addr)); #endif printf("Packet Received of len = %d\n",pkInfo->rcvLen); } `

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• creating an object within a function of a program

  - by user1066524

  could someone please tell me what I need to do in order to create an object in a function. I will try to explain by making up some sort of example... Let's say I have a program named TimeScheduler.cpp that implements the class Schedule.h (and I have the implementation in a separate file Schedule.cpp where we define the methods). In the declaration file we have declared two constructors Schedule(); //the default and Schedule(int, int, int);//accepts three arguments to get to the point--let's say in the main program file TimeScheduler.cpp we created our own functions in this program apart from the functions inherited from the class Schedule. so we have our prototypes listed at the top. /*prototypes*/ void makeSomeTime(); etc..... we have main(){ //etc etc... } we then define these program functions void makeSomeTime(){ //process } let's say that inside the function makeSomeTime(), we would like to create an array of Schedule objects like this Schedule ob[]={ summer(5,14, 49), fall(9,25,50) }; what do I have to do to the function makeSomeTime() in order for it to allow me to create this array of objects. The reason I ask is currently i'm having difficulty with my own program in that it WILL allow me to create this array of objects in main()....but NOT in a function like I just gave an example of. The strange thing is it will allow me to create a dynamic array of objects in the function..... like Schedule *ob = new Schedule[n+1]; ob[2]= Schedule(x,y,z); Why would it let me assign to a non-dynamic array in main(), but not let me do that in the function?

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• Why does Python sometimes upgrade a string to unicode and sometimes not?

  - by samtregar

  I'm confused. Consider this code working the way I expect: >>> foo = u'Émilie and Juañ are turncoats.' >>> bar = "foo is %s" % foo >>> bar u'foo is \xc3\x89milie and Jua\xc3\xb1 are turncoats.' And this code not at all working the way I expect: >>> try: ... raise Exception(foo) ... except Exception as e: ... foo2 = e ... >>> bar = "foo2 is %s" % foo2 ------------------------------------------------------------ Traceback (most recent call last): File "<ipython console>", line 1, in <module> UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-1: ordinal not in range(128) Can someone explain what's going on here? Why does it matter whether the unicode data is in a plain unicode string or stored in an Exception object? And why does this fix it: >>> bar = u"foo2 is %s" % foo2 >>> bar u'foo2 is \xc3\x89milie and Jua\xc3\xb1 are turncoats.' I am quite confused! Thanks for the help! UPDATE: My coding buddy Randall has added to my confusion in an attempt to help me! Send in the reinforcements to explain how this is supposed to make sense: >>> class A: ... def __str__(self): return "string" ... def __unicode__(self): return "unicode" ... >>> "%s %s" % (u'niño', A()) u'ni\xc3\xb1o unicode' >>> "%s %s" % (A(), u'niño') u'string ni\xc3\xb1o' Note that the order of the arguments here determines which method is called!

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• How to solve this problem with Python

  - by morpheous

  I am "porting" an application I wrote in C++ into Python. This is the current workflow: Application is started from the console Application parses CLI args Application reads an ini configuration file which specifies which plugins to load etc Application starts a timer Application iterates through each loaded plugin and orders them to start work. This spawns a new worker thread for the plugin The plugins carry out their work and when completed, they die When time interval (read from config file) is up, steps 5-7 is repeated iteratively Since I am new to Python (2 days and counting), the distinction between script, modules and packages are still a bit hazy to me, and I would like to seek advice from Pythonista as to how to implement the workflow described above, using Python as the programing language. In order to keep things simple, I have decided to leave out the time interval stuff out, and instead run the python script/scripts as a cron job instead. This is how I am thinking of approaching it: Encapsulate the whole application in a package which is executable (i.e. can be run from the command line with arguments. Write the plugins as modules (I think maybe its better to implement each module in a separate file?) I havent seen any examples of using threading in Python yet. Could someone provide a snippet of how I could spawn a thread to run a module. Also, I am not sure how to implement the concept of plugins in Python - any advice would be helpful - especially with a code snippet.

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• DBD::CSV: Problem with userdefined functions

  - by sid_com

  From the SQL::Statement::Functions documentation: Creating User-Defined Functions ... More complex functions can make use of a number of arguments always passed to functions automatically. Functions always receive these values in @_: sub FOO { my( $self, $sth, $rowhash, @params ); } #!/usr/bin/env perl use 5.012; use warnings; use strict; use DBI; my $dbh = DBI->connect( "DBI:CSV:", undef, undef, { RaiseError => 1, } ); my $table = 'wages'; my $array_ref = [ [ 'id', 'number' ], [ 0, 6900 ], [ 1, 3200 ], [ 2, 1800 ], ]; $dbh->do( "CREATE TEMP TABLE $table AS import( ? )", {}, $array_ref ); sub routine { my $self = shift; my $sth = shift; my $rowhash = shift; # return $_[0] / 30; }; $dbh->do( "CREATE FUNCTION routine" ); my $sth = $dbh->prepare( "SELECT id, routine( number ) AS result FROM $table" ); $sth->execute(); $sth->dump_results(); When I try this I get an error-message: DBD::CSV::st execute failed: Use of uninitialized value $_[0] in division (/) at ./so.pl line 27. [for Statement "SELECT id, routine( number ) AS result FROM "wages""] at ./so.pl line 34. When I comment out the third argument I works as expected ( because it looks as if the third argument is missing ): #!/usr/bin/env perl ... sub routine { my $self = shift; my $sth = shift; #my $rowhash = shift; return $_[0] / 30; }; ... 0, 230 1, 106.667 2, 60 3 rows Is this a bug?

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