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  • Strange WPF ListBox Behavior

    - by uncle-harvey
    I’m trying to bind a List of items to a listbox in WPF. The items are grouped by one value and each group is to be housed in an expander. Everything works fine when I don’t use any custom styles. However, when I use custom styles (which work properly with non-grouped items and as independent controls) the binding doesn’t display any items. Below is the code I’m executing. Any ideas why the items won’t show up in the Expander? Test.xaml: <Window x:Class="Glossy.Test" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="Test" Height="300" Width="300"> <Window.Resources> <ResourceDictionary> <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <ResourceDictionary Source="..\TestStyles.xaml"/> <ResourceDictionary> <Style x:Key="ContainerStyle" TargetType="{x:Type GroupItem}"> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate> <Expander Header="{Binding}" IsExpanded="True"> <ItemsPresenter /> </Expander> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> </ResourceDictionary> </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> </ResourceDictionary> </Window.Resources> <Grid> <ListBox x:Name="TestList"> <ListBox.GroupStyle> <GroupStyle ContainerStyle="{StaticResource ContainerStyle}"/> </ListBox.GroupStyle> </ListBox> </Grid> Test.xaml.cs: public partial class Test : Window { private List<Contact> _ContactItems; public List<Contact> ContactItems { get { return _ContactItems; } set { _ContactItems = value; } } public Test() { InitializeComponent(); ContactItems = new List<Contact>(); ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "ABC"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 1"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "ABC"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 2"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "ABC"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 3"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "ABC"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 10"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "ABC"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 11"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "ABC"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 12"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "RST"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 7"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "RST"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 8"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "RST"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 9"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "XYZ"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 4"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "XYZ"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 5"; ContactItems.Add(new Contact()); ContactItems.Last().CompanyName = "XYZ"; ContactItems.Last().Name = "Contact 6"; ICollectionView view = CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView(ContactItems); view.GroupDescriptions.Add(new PropertyGroupDescription("CompanyName")); view.SortDescriptions.Add(new SortDescription("Name", ListSortDirection.Ascending)); TestList.ItemsSource = view; } } public class Contact { public string CompanyName { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public override string ToString() { return Name; } } TestStyles.xaml: <Style TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}"> <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Auto"/> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Auto"/> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="120"/> <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="95"/> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="ListBox"> <Grid Background="Black"> <Rectangle VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Fill="White"> <Rectangle.OpacityMask> <DrawingBrush> <DrawingBrush.Drawing> <GeometryDrawing Geometry="M65.5,33 L537.5,35 537.5,274.5 C536.5,81 119.5,177 66.5,92" Brush="#11444444"> <GeometryDrawing.Pen> <Pen Brush="Transparent"/> </GeometryDrawing.Pen> </GeometryDrawing> </DrawingBrush.Drawing> </DrawingBrush> </Rectangle.OpacityMask> </Rectangle> <Border Name="Border" Background="Transparent" BorderBrush="Gray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="2"> <ScrollViewer Margin="0" Focusable="false"> <StackPanel Margin="2" IsItemsHost="True" /> </ScrollViewer> </Border> </Grid> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Gray" /> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="DimGray" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsGrouping" Value="true"> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="false"/> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> <Style TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}"> <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Gray"/> <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent"/> <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Verdana"/> <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Stretch"/> <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="11"/> <Setter Property="Margin" Value="3,1,3,1"/> <Setter Property="Padding" Value="0"/> <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Normal"/> <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="ListBoxItem"> <Border Name="Border" Padding="2" SnapsToDevicePixels="true"> <ContentPresenter /> </Border> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Gray"/> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> <ControlTemplate x:Key="ExpanderToggleButton" TargetType="ToggleButton"> <Border Name="Border" CornerRadius="2,0,0,0" Background="Transparent" BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="0,0,1,0"> <Path Name="Arrow" Fill="Blue" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Data="M 0 0 L 4 4 L 8 0 Z"/> </Border> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="ToggleButton.IsMouseOver" Value="True"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Gray" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Black" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsChecked" Value="True"> <Setter TargetName="Arrow" Property="Data" Value="M 0 4 L 4 0 L 8 4 Z" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="DimGray" /> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="DimGray" /> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="LightGray"/> <Setter TargetName="Arrow" Property="Fill" Value="LightBlue" /> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> <Style TargetType="{x:Type Expander}"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/> <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Verdana"/> <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="11"/> <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Normal"/> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="Expander"> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Name="ContentRow" Height="0"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Border Name="Border" Grid.Row="0" Background="Black" BorderBrush="DimGray" BorderThickness="1" Cursor="Hand" CornerRadius="2,2,0,0" > <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Left"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="23"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="20" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ToggleButton IsChecked="{Binding Path=IsExpanded,Mode=TwoWay,RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" Template="{StaticResource ExpanderToggleButton}" Background="Black" /> <Label Grid.Column="1" FontSize="14" FontWeight="Normal" Margin="0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Foreground="White" FontFamily="Verdana"> <ContentPresenter Grid.Column="1" Margin="4,3,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" ContentSource="Header" RecognizesAccessKey="True" /> </Label> </Grid> </Border> <Border Name="Content" Background="Black" BorderBrush="DimGray" BorderThickness="1,0,1,1" Grid.Row="1" CornerRadius="0,0,2,2" > <Grid Background="Black"> <Rectangle VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Fill="White"> <Rectangle.OpacityMask> <DrawingBrush> <DrawingBrush.Drawing> <GeometryDrawing Geometry="M65.5,33 L537.5,35 537.5,274.5 C536.5,81 119.5,177 66.5,92" Brush="#11444444"> <GeometryDrawing.Pen> <Pen Brush="Transparent"/> </GeometryDrawing.Pen> </GeometryDrawing> </DrawingBrush.Drawing> </DrawingBrush> </Rectangle.OpacityMask> </Rectangle> <ContentPresenter Margin="4" /> </Grid> </Border> </Grid> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="IsExpanded" Value="True"> <Setter TargetName="ContentRow" Property="Height" Value="{Binding ElementName=Content,Path=DesiredHeight}" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Gray" /> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="DimGray" /> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style>

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  • Confused Why I am getting C1010 error?

    - by bluepixel
    I have three files: Main, slist.h and slist.cpp can be seen at http://forums.devarticles.com/c-c-help-52/confused-why-i-am-getting-c2143-and-c1010-error-259574.html I'm trying to make a program where main reads the list of student names from a file (roster.txt) and inserts all the names in a list in ascending order. This is the full class roster list (notCheckedIN). From here I will read all students who have come to write the exams, each checkin will transfer their name to another list (in ascending order) called present. The final product is notCheckedIN will contain a list of all those students that did not write the exam and present will contain the list of all students who wrote the exam Main File: // Exam.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. #include "stdafx.h" #include "iostream" #include "iomanip" #include "fstream" #include "string" #include "slist.h" using namespace std; void OpenFile(ifstream&); void GetClassRoster(SortList&, ifstream&); void InputStuName(SortList&, SortList&); void UpdateList(SortList&, SortList&, string); void Print(SortList&, SortList&); const string END_DATA = "EndData"; int main() { ifstream roster; SortList notCheckedIn; //students present SortList present; //student absent OpenFile(roster); if(!roster) //Make sure file is opened return 1; GetClassRoster(notCheckedIn, roster); //insert the roster list into the notCheckedIn list InputStuName(present, notCheckedIn); Print(present, notCheckedIn); return 0; } void OpenFile(ifstream& roster) //Precondition: roster is pointing to file containing student anmes //Postcondition:IF file does not exist -> exit { string fileName = "roster.txt"; roster.open(fileName.c_str()); if(!roster) cout << "***ERROR CANNOT OPEN FILE :"<< fileName << "***" << endl; } void GetClassRoster(SortList& notCheckedIN, ifstream& roster) //Precondition:roster points to file containing list of student last name // && notCheckedIN is empty //Postcondition:notCheckedIN is filled with the names taken from roster.txt in ascending order { string name; roster >> name; while(roster) { notCheckedIN.Insert(name); roster >> name; } } void InputStuName(SortList& present, SortList& notCheckedIN) //Precondition: present list is empty initially and notCheckedIN list is full //Postcondition: repeated prompting to enter stuName // && notCheckedIN will delete all names found in present // && present will contain names present // && names not found in notCheckedIN will report Error { string stuName; cout << "Enter last name (Enter EndData if none to Enter): "; cin >> stuName; while(stuName!=END_DATA) { UpdateList(present, notCheckedIN, stuName); } } void UpdateList(SortList& present, SortList& notCheckedIN, string stuName) //Precondition:stuName is assigned //Postcondition:IF stuName is present, stuName is inserted in present list // && stuName is removed from the notCheckedIN list // ELSE stuName does not exist { if(notCheckedIN.isPresent(stuName)) { present.Insert(stuName); notCheckedIN.Delete(stuName); } else cout << "NAME IS NOT PRESENT" << endl; } void Print(SortList& present, SortList& notCheckedIN) //Precondition: present and notCheckedIN contains a list of student Names present/not present //Postcondition: content of present and notCheckedIN is printed { cout << "Candidates Present" << endl; present.Print(); cout << "Candidates Absent" << endl; notCheckedIN.Print(); } Header File: //Specification File: slist.h //This file gives the specifications of a list abstract data type //List items inserted will be in order //Class SortList, structured type used to represent an ADT using namespace std; const int MAX_LENGTH = 200; typedef string ItemType; //Class Object (class instance) SortList. Variable of class type. class SortList { //Class Member - components of a class, can be either data or functions public: //Constructor //Post-condition: Empty list is created SortList(); //Const member function. Compiler error occurs if any statement within tries to modify a private data bool isEmpty() const; //Post-condition: == true if list is empty // == false if list is not empty bool isFull() const; //Post-condition: == true if list is full // == false if list is full int Length() const; //Post-condition: size of list void Insert(ItemType item); //Precondition: NOT isFull() && item is assigned //Postcondition: item is in list && Length() = Length()@entry + 1 void Delete(ItemType item); //Precondition: NOT isEmpty() && item is assigned //Postcondition: // IF items is in list at entry // first occurance of item in list is removed // && Length() = Length()@entry -1; // ELSE // list is not changed bool isPresent(ItemType item) const; //Precondition: item is assigned //Postcondition: == true if item is present in list // == false if item is not present in list void Print() const; //Postcondition: All component of list have been output private: int length; ItemType data[MAX_LENGTH]; void BinSearch(ItemType, bool&, int&) const; }; Source File: //Implementation File: slist.cpp //This file gives the specifications of a list abstract data type //List items inserted will be in order //Class SortList, structured type used to represent an ADT #include "iostream" #include "slist.h" using namespace std; // int length; // ItemType data[MAX_SIZE]; //Class Object (class instance) SortList. Variable of class type. SortList::SortList() //Constructor //Post-condition: Empty list is created { length=0; } //Const member function. Compiler error occurs if any statement within tries to modify a private data bool SortList::isEmpty() const //Post-condition: == true if list is empty // == false if list is not empty { return(length==0); } bool SortList::isFull() const //Post-condition: == true if list is full // == false if list is full { return (length==(MAX_LENGTH-1)); } int SortList::Length() const //Post-condition: size of list { return length; } void SortList::Insert(ItemType item) //Precondition: NOT isFull() && item is assigned //Postcondition: item is in list && Length() = Length()@entry + 1 // && list componenet are in ascending order of value { int index; index = length -1; while(index >=0 && item<data[index]) { data[index+1]=data[index]; index--; } data[index+1]=item; length++; } void SortList:elete(ItemType item) //Precondition: NOT isEmpty() && item is assigned //Postcondition: // IF items is in list at entry // first occurance of item in list is removed // && Length() = Length()@entry -1; // && list components are in ascending order // ELSE data array is unchanged { bool found; int position; BinSearch(item,found,position); if (found) { for(int index = position; index < length; index++) data[index]=data[index+1]; length--; } } bool SortList::isPresent(ItemType item) const //Precondition: item is assigned && length <= MAX_LENGTH && items are in ascending order //Postcondition: true if item is found in the list // false if item is not found in the list { bool found; int position; BinSearch(item,found,position); return (found); } void SortList::Print() const //Postcondition: All component of list have been output { for(int x= 0; x<length; x++) cout << data[x] << endl; } void SortList::BinSearch(ItemType item, bool found, int position) const //Precondition: item contains item to be found // && item in the list is an ascending order //Postcondition: IF item is in list, position is returned // ELSE item does not exist in the list { int first = 0; int last = length -1; int middle; found = false; while(!found) { middle = (first+last)/2; if(data[middle]<item) first = middle+1; else if (data[middle] > item) last = middle -1; else found = true; } if(found) position = middle; } I cannot get rid of the C1010 error: fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file while looking for precompiled header. Did you forget to add '#include "stdafx.h"' to your source? Is there a way to get rid of this error? When I included "stdafx.h" I received the following 32 errors (which does not make sense to me why because I referred back to my manual on how to use Class method - everything looks a.ok.) Error 1 error C2871: 'std' : a namespace with this name does not exist c:\..\slist.h 6 Error 2 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ItemType' c:\..\slist.h 8 Error 3 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\..\slist.h 8 Error 4 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\..\slist.h 8 Error 5 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'ItemType' c:\..\slist.h 30 Error 6 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'ItemType' c:\..\slist.h 34 Error 7 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'ItemType' c:\..\slist.h 43 Error 8 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'data' c:\..\slist.h 52 Error 9 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\..\slist.h 52 Error 10 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\..\slist.h 52 Error 11 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'ItemType' c:\..\slist.h 53 Error 12 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'item' c:\..\slist.cpp 41 Error 13 error C2761: 'void SortList::Insert(void)' : member function redeclaration not allowed c:\..\slist.cpp 41 Error 14 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\..\slist.cpp 41 Error 15 error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{' c:\..\slist.cpp 45 Error 16 error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?) c:\..\slist.cpp 45 Error 17 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'item' c:\..\slist.cpp 57 Error 18 error C2761: 'void SortList:elete(void)' : member function redeclaration not allowed c:\..\slist.cpp 57 Error 19 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\..\slist.cpp 57 Error 20 error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{' c:\..\slist.cpp 65 Error 21 error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?) c:\..\slist.cpp 65 Error 22 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'item' c:\..\slist.cpp 79 Error 23 error C2761: 'bool SortList::isPresent(void) const' : member function redeclaration not allowed c:\..\slist.cpp 79 Error 24 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\..\slist.cpp 79 Error 25 error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{' c:\..\slist.cpp 83 Error 26 error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?) c:\..\slist.cpp 83 Error 27 error C2065: 'data' : undeclared identifier c:\..\slist.cpp 95 Error 28 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'item' c:\..\slist.cpp 98 Error 29 error C2761: 'void SortList::BinSearch(void) const' : member function redeclaration not allowed c:\..\slist.cpp 98 Error 30 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\..\slist.cpp 98 Error 31 error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{' c:\..\slist.cpp 103 Error 32 error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?) c:\..\slist.cpp 103

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  • Use IIS Application Initialization for keeping ASP.NET Apps alive

    - by Rick Strahl
    I've been working quite a bit with Windows Services in the recent months, and well, it turns out that Windows Services are quite a bear to debug, deploy, update and maintain. The process of getting services set up,  debugged and updated is a major chore that has to be extensively documented and or automated specifically. On most projects when a service is built, people end up scrambling for the right 'process' to use for administration. Web app deployment and maintenance on the other hand are common and well understood today, as we are constantly dealing with Web apps. There's plenty of infrastructure and tooling built into Web Tools like Visual Studio to facilitate the process. By comparison Windows Services or anything self-hosted for that matter seems convoluted.In fact, in a recent blog post I mentioned that on a recent project I'd been using self-hosting for SignalR inside of a Windows service, because the application is in fact a 'service' that also needs to send out lots of messages via SignalR. But the reality is that it could just as well be an IIS application with a service component that runs in the background. Either way you look at it, it's either a Windows Service with a built in Web Server, or an IIS application running a Service application, neither of which follows the standard Service or Web App template.Personally I much prefer Web applications. Running inside of IIS I get all the benefits of the IIS platform including service lifetime management (crash and restart), controlled shutdowns, the whole security infrastructure including easy certificate support, hot-swapping of code and the the ability to publish directly to IIS from within Visual Studio with ease.Because of these benefits we set out to move from the self hosted service into an ASP.NET Web app instead.The Missing Link for ASP.NET as a Service: Auto-LoadingI've had moments in the past where I wanted to run a 'service like' application in ASP.NET because when you think about it, it's so much easier to control a Web application remotely. Services are locked into start/stop operations, but if you host inside of a Web app you can write your own ticket and control it from anywhere. In fact nearly 10 years ago I built a background scheduling application that ran inside of ASP.NET and it worked great and it's still running doing its job today.The tricky part for running an app as a service inside of IIS then and now, is how to get IIS and ASP.NET launched so your 'service' stays alive even after an Application Pool reset. 7 years ago I faked it by using a web monitor (my own West Wind Web Monitor app) I was running anyway to monitor my various web sites for uptime, and having the monitor ping my 'service' every 20 seconds to effectively keep ASP.NET alive or fire it back up after a reload. I used a simple scheduler class that also includes some logic for 'self-reloading'. Hacky for sure, but it worked reliably.Luckily today it's much easier and more integrated to get IIS to launch ASP.NET as soon as an Application Pool is started by using the Application Initialization Module. The Application Initialization Module basically allows you to turn on Preloading on the Application Pool and the Site/IIS App, which essentially fires a request through the IIS pipeline as soon as the Application Pool has been launched. This means that effectively your ASP.NET app becomes active immediately, Application_Start is fired making sure your app stays up and running at all times. All the other features like Application Pool recycling and auto-shutdown after idle time still work, but IIS will then always immediately re-launch the application.Getting started with Application InitializationAs of IIS 8 Application Initialization is part of the IIS feature set. For IIS 7 and 7.5 there's a separate download available via Web Platform Installer. Using IIS 8 Application Initialization is an optional install component in Windows or the Windows Server Role Manager: This is an optional component so make sure you explicitly select it.IIS Configuration for Application InitializationInitialization needs to be applied on the Application Pool as well as the IIS Application level. As of IIS 8 these settings can be made through the IIS Administration console.Start with the Application Pool:Here you need to set both the Start Automatically which is always set, and the StartMode which should be set to AlwaysRunning. Both have to be set - the Start Automatically flag is set true by default and controls the starting of the application pool itself while Always Running flag is required in order to launch the application. Without the latter flag set the site settings have no effect.Now on the Site/Application level you can specify whether the site should pre load: Set the Preload Enabled flag to true.At this point ASP.NET apps should auto-load. This is all that's needed to pre-load the site if all you want is to get your site launched automatically.If you want a little more control over the load process you can add a few more settings to your web.config file that allow you to show a static page while the App is starting up. This can be useful if startup is really slow, so rather than displaying blank screen while the user is fiddling their thumbs you can display a static HTML page instead: <system.webServer> <applicationInitialization remapManagedRequestsTo="Startup.htm" skipManagedModules="true"> <add initializationPage="ping.ashx" /> </applicationInitialization> </system.webServer>This allows you to specify a page to execute in a dry run. IIS basically fakes request and pushes it directly into the IIS pipeline without hitting the network. You specify a page and IIS will fake a request to that page in this case ping.ashx which just returns a simple OK string - ie. a fast pipeline request. This request is run immediately after Application Pool restart, and while this request is running and your app is warming up, IIS can display an alternate static page - Startup.htm above. So instead of showing users an empty loading page when clicking a link on your site you can optionally show some sort of static status page that says, "we'll be right back".  I'm not sure if that's such a brilliant idea since this can be pretty disruptive in some cases. Personally I think I prefer letting people wait, but at least get the response they were supposed to get back rather than a random page. But it's there if you need it.Note that the web.config stuff is optional. If you don't provide it IIS hits the default site link (/) and even if there's no matching request at the end of that request it'll still fire the request through the IIS pipeline. Ideally though you want to make sure that an ASP.NET endpoint is hit either with your default page, or by specify the initializationPage to ensure ASP.NET actually gets hit since it's possible for IIS fire unmanaged requests only for static pages (depending how your pipeline is configured).What about AppDomain Restarts?In addition to full Worker Process recycles at the IIS level, ASP.NET also has to deal with AppDomain shutdowns which can occur for a variety of reasons:Files are updated in the BIN folderWeb Deploy to your siteweb.config is changedHard application crashThese operations don't cause the worker process to restart, but they do cause ASP.NET to unload the current AppDomain and start up a new one. Because the features above only apply to Application Pool restarts, AppDomain restarts could also cause your 'ASP.NET service' to stop processing in the background.In order to keep the app running on AppDomain recycles, you can resort to a simple ping in the Application_End event:protected void Application_End() { var client = new WebClient(); var url = App.AdminConfiguration.MonitorHostUrl + "ping.aspx"; client.DownloadString(url); Trace.WriteLine("Application Shut Down Ping: " + url); }which fires any ASP.NET url to the current site at the very end of the pipeline shutdown which in turn ensures that the site immediately starts back up.Manual Configuration in ApplicationHost.configThe above UI corresponds to the following ApplicationHost.config settings. If you're using IIS 7, there's no UI for these flags so you'll have to manually edit them.When you install the Application Initialization component into IIS it should auto-configure the module into ApplicationHost.config. Unfortunately for me, with Mr. Murphy in his best form for me, the module registration did not occur and I had to manually add it.<globalModules> <add name="ApplicationInitializationModule" image="%windir%\System32\inetsrv\warmup.dll" /> </globalModules>Most likely you won't need ever need to add this, but if things are not working it's worth to check if the module is actually registered.Next you need to configure the ApplicationPool and the Web site. The following are the two relevant entries in ApplicationHost.config.<system.applicationHost> <applicationPools> <add name="West Wind West Wind Web Connection" autoStart="true" startMode="AlwaysRunning" managedRuntimeVersion="v4.0" managedPipelineMode="Integrated"> <processModel identityType="LocalSystem" setProfileEnvironment="true" /> </add> </applicationPools> <sites> <site name="Default Web Site" id="1"> <application path="/MPress.Workflow.WebQueueMessageManager" applicationPool="West Wind West Wind Web Connection" preloadEnabled="true"> <virtualDirectory path="/" physicalPath="C:\Clients\…" /> </application> </site> </sites> </system.applicationHost>On the Application Pool make sure to set the autoStart and startMode flags to true and AlwaysRunning respectively. On the site make sure to set the preloadEnabled flag to true.And that's all you should need. You can still set the web.config settings described above as well.ASP.NET as a Service?In the particular application I'm working on currently, we have a queue manager that runs as standalone service that polls a database queue and picks out jobs and processes them on several threads. The service can spin up any number of threads and keep these threads alive in the background while IIS is running doing its own thing. These threads are newly created threads, so they sit completely outside of the IIS thread pool. In order for this service to work all it needs is a long running reference that keeps it alive for the life time of the application.In this particular app there are two components that run in the background on their own threads: A scheduler that runs various scheduled tasks and handles things like picking up emails to send out outside of IIS's scope and the QueueManager. Here's what this looks like in global.asax:public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication { private static ApplicationScheduler scheduler; private static ServiceLauncher launcher; protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Pings the service and ensures it stays alive scheduler = new ApplicationScheduler() { CheckFrequency = 600000 }; scheduler.Start(); launcher = new ServiceLauncher(); launcher.Start(); // register so shutdown is controlled HostingEnvironment.RegisterObject(launcher); }}By keeping these objects around as static instances that are set only once on startup, they survive the lifetime of the application. The code in these classes is essentially unchanged from the Windows Service code except that I could remove the various overrides required for the Windows Service interface (OnStart,OnStop,OnResume etc.). Otherwise the behavior and operation is very similar.In this application ASP.NET serves two purposes: It acts as the host for SignalR and provides the administration interface which allows remote management of the 'service'. I can start and stop the service remotely by shutting down the ApplicationScheduler very easily. I can also very easily feed stats from the queue out directly via a couple of Web requests or (as we do now) through the SignalR service.Registering a Background Object with ASP.NETNotice also the use of the HostingEnvironment.RegisterObject(). This function registers an object with ASP.NET to let it know that it's a background task that should be notified if the AppDomain shuts down. RegisterObject() requires an interface with a Stop() method that's fired and allows your code to respond to a shutdown request. Here's what the IRegisteredObject::Stop() method looks like on the launcher:public void Stop(bool immediate = false) { LogManager.Current.LogInfo("QueueManager Controller Stopped."); Controller.StopProcessing(); Controller.Dispose(); Thread.Sleep(1500); // give background threads some time HostingEnvironment.UnregisterObject(this); }Implementing IRegisterObject should help with reliability on AppDomain shutdowns. Thanks to Justin Van Patten for pointing this out to me on Twitter.RegisterObject() is not required but I would highly recommend implementing it on whatever object controls your background processing to all clean shutdowns when the AppDomain shuts down.Testing it outI'm still in the testing phase with this particular service to see if there are any side effects. But so far it doesn't look like it. With about 50 lines of code I was able to replace the Windows service startup to Web start up - everything else just worked as is. An honorable mention goes to SignalR 2.0's oWin hosting, because with the new oWin based hosting no code changes at all were required, merely a couple of configuration file settings and an assembly directive needed, to point at the SignalR startup class. Sweet!It also seems like SignalR is noticeably faster running inside of IIS compared to self-host. Startup feels faster because of the preload.Starting and Stopping the 'Service'Because the application is running as a Web Server, it's easy to have a Web interface for starting and stopping the services running inside of the service. For our queue manager the SignalR service and front monitoring app has a play and stop button for toggling the queue.If you want more administrative control and have it work more like a Windows Service you can also stop the application pool explicitly from the command line which would be equivalent to stopping and restarting a service.To start and stop from the command line you can use the IIS appCmd tool. To stop:> %windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd stop apppool /apppool.name:"Weblog"and to start> %windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd start apppool /apppool.name:"Weblog"Note that when you explicitly force the AppPool to stop running either in the UI (on the ApplicationPools page use Start/Stop) or via command line tools, the application pool will not auto-restart immediately. You have to manually start it back up.What's not to like?There are certainly a lot of benefits to running a background service in IIS, but… ASP.NET applications do have more overhead in terms of memory footprint and startup time is a little slower, but generally for server applications this is not a big deal. If the application is stable the service should fire up and stay running indefinitely. A lot of times this kind of service interface can simply be attached to an existing Web application, or if scalability requires be offloaded to its own Web server.Easier to work withBut the ultimate benefit here is that it's much easier to work with a Web app as opposed to a service. While developing I can simply turn off the auto-launch features and launch the service on demand through IIS simply by hitting a page on the site. If I want to shut down an IISRESET -stop will shut down the service easily enough. I can then attach a debugger anywhere I want and this works like any other ASP.NET application. Yes you end up on a background thread for debugging but Visual Studio handles that just fine and if you stay on a single thread this is no different than debugging any other code.SummaryUsing ASP.NET to run background service operations is probably not a super common scenario, but it probably should be something that is considered carefully when building services. Many applications have service like features and with the auto-start functionality of the Application Initialization module, it's easy to build this functionality into ASP.NET. Especially when combined with the notification features of SignalR it becomes very, very easy to create rich services that can also communicate their status easily to the outside world.Whether it's existing applications that need some background processing for scheduling related tasks, or whether you just create a separate site altogether just to host your service it's easy to do and you can leverage the same tool chain you're already using for other Web projects. If you have lots of service projects it's worth considering… give it some thought…© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2013Posted in ASP.NET  SignalR  IIS   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Pain Comes Instantly

    - by user701213
    When I look back at recent blog entries – many of which are not all that current (more on where my available writing time is going later) – I am struck by how many of them focus on public policy or legislative issues instead of, say, the latest nefarious cyberattack or exploit (or everyone’s favorite new pastime: coining terms for the Coming Cyberpocalypse: “digital Pearl Harbor” is so 1941). Speaking of which, I personally hope evil hackers from Malefactoria will someday hack into my bathroom scale – which in a future time will be connected to the Internet because, gosh, wouldn’t it be great to have absolutely everything in your life Internet-enabled? – and recalibrate it so I’m 10 pounds thinner. The horror. In part, my focus on public policy is due to an admitted limitation of my skill set. I enjoy reading technical articles about exploits and cybersecurity trends, but writing a blog entry on those topics would take more research than I have time for and, quite honestly, doesn’t play to my strengths. The first rule of writing is “write what you know.” The bigger contributing factor to my recent paucity of blog entries is that more and more of my waking hours are spent engaging in “thrust and parry” activity involving emerging regulations of some sort or other. I’ve opined in earlier blogs about what constitutes good and reasonable public policy so nobody can accuse me of being reflexively anti-regulation. That said, you have so many cycles in the day, and most of us would rather spend it slaying actual dragons than participating in focus groups on whether dragons are really a problem, whether lassoing them (with organic, sustainable and recyclable lassos) is preferable to slaying them – after all, dragons are people, too - and whether we need lasso compliance auditors to make sure lassos are being used correctly and humanely. (A point that seems to evade many rule makers: slaying dragons actually accomplishes something, whereas talking about “approved dragon slaying procedures and requirements” wastes the time of those who are competent to dispatch actual dragons and who were doing so very well without the input of “dragon-slaying theorists.”) Unfortunately for so many of us who would just get on with doing our day jobs, cybersecurity is rapidly devolving into the “focus groups on dragon dispatching” realm, which actual dragons slayers have little choice but to participate in. The general trend in cybersecurity is that powers-that-be – which encompasses groups other than just legislators – are often increasingly concerned and therefore feel they need to Do Something About Cybersecurity. Many seem to believe that if only we had the right amount of regulation and oversight, there would be no data breaches: a breach simply must mean Someone Is At Fault and Needs Supervision. (Leaving aside the fact that we have lots of home invasions despite a) guard dogs b) liberal carry permits c) alarm systems d) etc.) Also note that many well-managed and security-aware organizations, like the US Department of Defense, still get hacked. More specifically, many powers-that-be feel they must direct industry in a multiplicity of ways, up to and including how we actually build and deploy information technology systems. The more prescriptive the requirement, the more regulators or overseers a) can be seen to be doing something b) feel as if they are doing something regardless of whether they are actually doing something useful or cost effective. Note: an unfortunate concomitant of Doing Something is that often the cure is worse than the ailment. That is, doing what overseers want creates unfortunate byproducts that they either didn’t foresee or worse, don’t care about. After all, the logic goes, we Did Something. Prescriptive practice in the IT industry is problematic for a number of reasons. For a start, prescriptive guidance is really only appropriate if: • It is cost effective• It is “current” (meaning, the guidance doesn’t require the use of the technical equivalent of buggy whips long after horse-drawn transportation has become passé)*• It is practical (that is, pragmatic, proven and effective in the real world, not theoretical and unproven)• It solves the right problem With the above in mind, heading up the list of “you must be joking” regulations are recent disturbing developments in the Payment Card Industry (PCI) world. I’d like to give PCI kahunas the benefit of the doubt about their intentions, except that efforts by Oracle among others to make them aware of “unfortunate side effects of your requirements” – which is as tactful I can be for reasons that I believe will become obvious below - have gone, to-date, unanswered and more importantly, unchanged. A little background on PCI before I get too wound up. In 2008, the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Security Standards Council (SSC) introduced the Payment Application Data Security Standard (PA-DSS). That standard requires vendors of payment applications to ensure that their products implement specific requirements and undergo security assessment procedures. In order to have an application listed as a Validated Payment Application (VPA) and available for use by merchants, software vendors are required to execute the PCI Payment Application Vendor Release Agreement (VRA). (Are you still with me through all the acronyms?) Beginning in August 2010, the VRA imposed new obligations on vendors that are extraordinary and extraordinarily bad, short-sighted and unworkable. Specifically, PCI requires vendors to disclose (dare we say “tell all?”) to PCI any known security vulnerabilities and associated security breaches involving VPAs. ASAP. Think about the impact of that. PCI is asking a vendor to disclose to them: • Specific details of security vulnerabilities • Including exploit information or technical details of the vulnerability • Whether or not there is any mitigation available (as in a patch) PCI, in turn, has the right to blab about any and all of the above – specifically, to distribute all the gory details of what is disclosed - to the PCI SSC, qualified security assessors (QSAs), and any affiliate or agent or adviser of those entities, who are in turn permitted to share it with their respective affiliates, agents, employees, contractors, merchants, processors, service providers and other business partners. This assorted crew can’t be more than, oh, hundreds of thousands of entities. Does anybody believe that several hundred thousand people can keep a secret? Or that several hundred thousand people are all equally trustworthy? Or that not one of the people getting all that information would blab vulnerability details to a bad guy, even by accident? Or be a bad guy who uses the information to break into systems? (Wait, was that the Easter Bunny that just hopped by? Bringing world peace, no doubt.) Sarcasm aside, common sense tells us that telling lots of people a secret is guaranteed to “unsecret” the secret. Notably, being provided details of a vulnerability (without a patch) is of little or no use to companies running the affected application. Few users have the technological sophistication to create a workaround, and even if they do, most workarounds break some other functionality in the application or surrounding environment. Also, given the differences among corporate implementations of any application, it is highly unlikely that a single workaround is going to work for all corporate users. So until a patch is developed by the vendor, users remain at risk of exploit: even more so if the details of vulnerability have been widely shared. Sharing that information widely before a patch is available therefore does not help users, and instead helps only those wanting to exploit known security bugs. There’s a shocker for you. Furthermore, we already know that insider information about security vulnerabilities inevitably leaks, which is why most vendors closely hold such information and limit dissemination until a patch is available (and frequently limit dissemination of technical details even with the release of a patch). That’s the industry norm, not that PCI seems to realize or acknowledge that. Why would anybody release a bunch of highly technical exploit information to a cast of thousands, whose only “vetting” is that they are members of a PCI consortium? Oracle has had personal experience with this problem, which is one reason why information on security vulnerabilities at Oracle is “need to know” (we use our own row level access control to limit access to security bugs in our bug database, and thus less than 1% of development has access to this information), and we don’t provide some customers with more information than others or with vulnerability information and/or patches earlier than others. Failure to remember “insider information always leaks” creates problems in the general case, and has created problems for us specifically. A number of years ago, one of the UK intelligence agencies had information about a non-public security vulnerability in an Oracle product that they circulated among other UK and Commonwealth defense and intelligence entities. Nobody, it should be pointed out, bothered to report the problem to Oracle, even though only Oracle could produce a patch. The vulnerability was finally reported to Oracle by (drum roll) a US-based commercial company, to whom the information had leaked. (Note: every time I tell this story, the MI-whatever agency that created the problem gets a bit shirty with us. I know they meant well and have improved their vulnerability handling/sharing processes but, dudes, next time you find an Oracle vulnerability, try reporting it to us first before blabbing to lots of people who can’t actually fix the problem. Thank you!) Getting back to PCI: clearly, these new disclosure obligations increase the risk of exploitation of a vulnerability in a VPA and thus, of misappropriation of payment card data and customer information that a VPA processes, stores or transmits. It stands to reason that VRA’s current requirement for the widespread distribution of security vulnerability exploit details -- at any time, but particularly before a vendor can issue a patch or a workaround -- is very poor public policy. It effectively publicizes information of great value to potential attackers while not providing compensating benefits - actually, any benefits - to payment card merchants or consumers. In fact, it magnifies the risk to payment card merchants and consumers. The risk is most prominent in the time before a patch has been released, since customers often have little option but to continue using an application or system despite the risks. However, the risk is not limited to the time before a patch is issued: customers often need days, or weeks, to apply patches to systems, based upon the complexity of the issue and dependence on surrounding programs. Rather than decreasing the available window of exploit, this requirement increases the available window of exploit, both as to time available to exploit a vulnerability and the ease with which it can be exploited. Also, why would hackers focus on finding new vulnerabilities to exploit if they can get “EZHack” handed to them in such a manner: a) a vulnerability b) in a payment application c) with exploit code: the “Hacking Trifecta!“ It’s fair to say that this is probably the exact opposite of what PCI – or any of us – would want. Established industry practice concerning vulnerability handling avoids the risks created by the VRA’s vulnerability disclosure requirements. Specifically, the norm is not to release information about a security bug until the associated patch (or a pretty darn good workaround) has been issued. Once a patch is available, the notice to the user community is a high-level communication discussing the product at issue, the level of risk associated with the vulnerability, and how to apply the patch. The notices do not include either the specific customers affected by the vulnerability or forensic reports with maps of the exploit (both of which are required by the current VRA). In this way, customers have the tools they need to prioritize patching and to help prevent an attack, and the information released does not increase the risk of exploit. Furthermore, many vendors already use industry standards for vulnerability description: Common Vulnerability Enumeration (CVE) and Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). CVE helps ensure that customers know which particular issues a patch addresses and CVSS helps customers determine how severe a vulnerability is on a relative scale. Industry already provides the tools customers need to know what the patch contains and how bad the problem is that the patch remediates. So, what’s a poor vendor to do? Oracle is reaching out to other vendors subject to PCI and attempting to enlist then in a broad effort to engage PCI in rethinking (that is, eradicating) these requirements. I would therefore urge all who care about this issue, but especially those in the vendor community whose applications are subject to PCI and who may not have know they were being asked to tell-all to PCI and put their customers at risk, to do one of the following: • Contact PCI with your concerns• Contact Oracle (we are looking for vendors to sign our statement of concern)• And make sure you tell your customers that you have to rat them out to PCI if there is a breach involving the payment application I like to be charitable and say “PCI meant well” but in as important a public policy issue as what you disclose about vulnerabilities, to whom and when, meaning well isn’t enough. We need to do well. PCI, as regards this particular issue, has not done well, and has compounded the error by thus far being nonresponsive to those of us who have labored mightily to try to explain why they might want to rethink telling the entire planet about security problems with no solutions. By Way of Explanation… Non-related to PCI whatsoever, and the explanation for why I have not been blogging a lot recently, I have been working on Other Writing Venues with my sister Diane (who has also worked in the tech sector, inflicting upgrades on unsuspecting and largely ungrateful end users). I am pleased to note that we have recently (self-)published the first in the Miss Information Technology Murder Mystery series, Outsourcing Murder. The genre might best be described as “chick lit meets geek scene.” Our sisterly nom de plume is Maddi Davidson and (shameless plug follows): you can order the paper version of the book on Amazon, or the Kindle or Nook versions on www.amazon.com or www.bn.com, respectively. From our book jacket: Emma Jones, a 20-something IT consultant, is working on an outsourcing project at Tahiti Tacos, a restaurant chain offering Polynexican cuisine: refried poi, anyone? Emma despises her boss Padmanabh, a brilliant but arrogant partner in GD Consulting. When Emma discovers His-Royal-Padness’s body (verdict: death by cricket bat), she becomes a suspect.With her overprotective family and her best friend Stacey providing endless support and advice, Emma stumbles her way through an investigation of Padmanabh’s murder, bolstered by fusion food feeding frenzies, endless cups of frou-frou coffee and serious surfing sessions. While Stacey knows a PI who owes her a favor, landlady Magda urges Emma to tart up her underwear drawer before the next cute cop with a search warrant arrives. Emma’s mother offers to fix her up with a PhD student at Berkeley and showers her with self-defense gizmos while her old lover Keoni beckons from Hawai’i. And everyone, even Shaun the barista, knows a good lawyer. Book 2, Denial of Service, is coming out this summer. * Given the rate of change in technology, today’s “thou shalts” are easily next year’s “buggy whip guidance.”

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  • Monitor Mode on the Intel Centrino(R) Advanced-N 6205 (WEP Penetration) On Windows

    - by WindowsEscapist
    Can anyone tell me a way to do WEP hacking (legal, of course) (on my own wireless connection, for the purposes of this question) with Wireshark or similar programs on an Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205? (Laptop is Acer Aspire 5750-6866.) According to the programs, I cannot accomplish this (monitor mode) but seeing as it is a fairly recent wireless card (should be able to support this) are there any cracked drivers available or does anyone have the knowledge to make one? Much appreciated! Thanks.

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  • Prevent Windows 7 User Accounts from accessing files in other User Accounts

    - by Mantis
    I'm trying to set up another User Account on my Windows 7 Professional laptop for use by another person. I do not want that person to have access to any of the files in my User Account on the same machine. This machine has a single hard disk formatted with NTFS. User accounts data is stored in the default location, C:\Users. I use the computer with a Standard Account (not an Administrator). Let's call my user account "User A." I have given the new user a Standard Account. Let's call the new user's account "User B." To be clear, I want User B to have the ability to log in to her account, to use the computer, but to be unable to access any of the files in the User A account on the same machine. Currently, User B cannot use Windows Explorer to navigate to the location C:\Users\User A. However, by simply using Windows Search, User B can easily find and open documents saved in C:\Users\User A\Documents. After opening a document, that document's full path appears in "Recent Places" in Windows Explorer, and the document appears as a file that can be opened using the "Recent" feature in Word 2010. This is not the desired behavior. User B should not have the ability to see any documents using Windows Search or anything else. I have attempted to set permissions using the following procedure. Using an Administrator account, navigate to C:\Users and right-click on the "User A" folder. Select "Properties." In the "User A Properties" window that appears, click the "Security" tab. Click the "Edit..." button to change permissions. IN the "Permissions for User B" window that appears, under "Group or User Names," select User B. Under "Permissions for User B", check the box under the "Deny" column for the "Full Control" row. Ensure that the "Deny" box is automatically checked for all the other rows, and then click "OK." The system should then begin working. The process could take several minutes. When I followed this procedure, I received several "Access Denied" errors, suggesting that the system was unable to set the permissions as I had directed. I think this might be one of the reasons why User B is still able to access files in User A's account folders. Is there any other way I could accomplish my goal here? Thank you.

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  • Ubuntu - Bash - How to Ctrl + R

    - by Greg_the_Ant
    I can't seem to locate recent commands I've run when I do Ctrl + R in my terminal, nor can I see them when I hit the up arrow. It was a long command. Is there a length limit to what is stored? I may have used sudo. Is sudo history stored somewhere else? If so how do I access it? Much thanks for any insight.

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  • Buying used MacBook, what to look at?

    - by Wojtek
    I'm planning to buy used MacBook, I'm looking for more recent models, but detailed specification is not important. I would like to know what should I especially look at when buying used MacBook? What are common flaws in those models (manufactured 2009/2010)? I don't care about minor damages, like scratches, but would like to know what symptoms of repair/previous damage/possible failures in the future are?

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  • Hardware for 4 Monitors

    - by Simon
    Looking to build several systems to output to 4 monitors over DVI. I notice most of the recent Nvidia and ATI/AMD cards have dual-DVI ports. Can I simply install two of these cards to get four monitors - or are only some cards capable of running side-by-side with another? How can I tell before purchasing? Simon.

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  • Cherokee web server on Ubuntu Lucid

    - by Fazal
    I've been trying to find some decent tutorials on how to set up a recent release of Cherokee webserver on Ubuntu (or equivalent Linux distros) which outline how to setup the webserver, mysql, phpmyadmin and php. Some already exist, such as http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-cherokee-with-php5-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-10.04 however, I've found that the Cherokee version used in the tutorial is considerably out of date and the update process has been painful to say the least. Thanks.

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  • Word 2007 heading numbering incorrect

    - by rob99brown
    I have a large-ish document (1.5MB, 105 pages) with headings provided by formatting styles. Everything was fine until some point in a recent edit and now the first H1 heading is 4 (the second 5 and so on). I've right clicked and selected Set Numbering Value at set it to 1, but it refuses to budge. Any tips? Thanks

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  • Decoding PAM configuration files ...

    - by Jamie
    Could someone point me to some (recent) documentation that would help me with decoding PAM configuration file lines like this: auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_winbind.so krb5_auth krb5_ccache_type=FILE cached_login try_first_pass I'm trying to get my Ubuntu box (testing 10.04 Server Beta 2) to use Active Directory, and the last step is to get PAM on the unix box to work, but I'm wary about making changes (and locking myself out) without understanding how to merge what I'm reading here with what ubuntu has implemented.

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  • Linux Software RAID recovery

    - by Zoredache
    I am seeing a discrepancy between the output of mdadm --detail and mdadm --examine, and I don't understand why. This output mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Mar 14 18:20:52 2012 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 3662760640 (3493.08 GiB 3750.67 GB) Used Dev Size : 1465104256 (1397.23 GiB 1500.27 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 5 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Seems to contradict this. (the same for every disk in the array) mdadm --examine /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc2: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 1f54d708:60227dd6:163c2a05:89fa2e07 (local to host) Creation Time : Wed Mar 14 18:20:52 2012 Raid Level : raid10 Used Dev Size : 1465104320 (1397.23 GiB 1500.27 GB) Array Size : 2930208640 (2794.46 GiB 3000.53 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 5 Preferred Minor : 2 The array was created like this. mdadm -v --create /dev/md2 \ --level=raid10 --layout=o2 --raid-devices=5 \ --chunk=64 --metadata=0.90 \ /dev/sdg2 /dev/sdf2 /dev/sde2 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sdc2 Each of the 5 individual drives have partitions like this. Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057754 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 34815 16384 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 34816 2930243583 1465104384 fd Linux raid autodetect Backstory So the SATA controller failed in a box I provide some support for. The failure was a ugly and so individual drives fell out of the array a little at a time. While there are backups, we the are not really done as frequently as we really need. There is some data that I am trying to recover if I can. I got additional hardware and I was able to access the drives again. The drives appear to be fine, and I can get the array and filesystem active and mounted (using read-only mode). I am able to access some data on the filesystem and have been copying that off, but I am seeing lots of errors when I try to copy the most recent data. When I am trying to access that most recent data I am getting errors like below which makes me think that the array size discrepancy may be the problem. Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196299] dm-7: rw=0, want=6619839616, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196309] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196313] dm-7: rw=0, want=6619839616, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.199260] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.199264] dm-7: rw=0, want=20647626304, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.202446] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.202450] dm-7: rw=0, want=19973212288, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.205516] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.205520] dm-7: rw=0, want=8009695096, limit=6442450944

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  • Removing duplicate files, keeping only the newest file

    - by pinkie_d_pie_0228
    I'm trying to clean up a photo dump folder, in which several files are duplicated but with different filenames or lost in subfolders. I've looked at tools like rmlint, duff and fdupes, but I can't seem to find a way to have them keep only the file with the most recent timestamp. I suspect I have to postprocess the results, but I don't even know where to start to do this. Can anyone guide me on how to get the duplicate files list and delete everything but the newest file?

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  • Password best practices

    - by pcampbell
    Given the recent events with a 'hacker' learning and retrying passwords from website administrators, what can we suggest to everyone about best practices when it comes to passwords? use unique passwords between sites (i.e. never re-use a password) words found in the dictionary are to be avoided consider using words or phrases from a non-English language use pass phrases and use the first letter of each word l33tifying doesn't help very much Please suggest more!

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  • Is WAP still in use?

    - by pek
    I apologize if this question sounds too generic, but I am researching WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and I am having a hard time finding recent news. Do cell phones still use WAP or is it replaced by TCP/IP? I am guessing that since WiFi is supported in new cell phones, WAP isn't used anymore. Or did I misunderstand what is WAP? Is any aspect of WAP used today? I supposed there is still Push Mail and MMS.

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  • APC switched rack PDU: Startup outlet state

    - by Ian Gregory
    I have an APC Switched Rack PDU powering a number of servers in a remote datacentre. After a recent power outage, I noticed that the outlets did not automatically default to the On status once power was restored. Having reviewed the Web UI, I cannot find this option. I'm not certain of the model number (it doesn't appear to be visible in the Web UI), but I think it's this one. Is it possible to configure these PDU units to automatically power outlets after a cold start?

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  • Flash crashing Mac?

    - by Bohdan Trotsenko
    In his recent blogpost, Thoughts on Flash, Steve Jobs says: We also know first hand that Flash is the number one reason Macs crash. My best guess is that Flash runs in user-mode, with restricted privileges. Is is impossible to crash a system having restricted privileges. What am I missing?

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  • iPhoto - add time to photo time

    - by Nippysaurus
    I have taken some photos from a recent vacation, but forgot to set the "away" time, so the time is slightly off. Thats not much of an issue since its only an hour from my home time, but my partner also took photos, but she was smart enough to adjust the time, so when merged together the overlap is annoying. Is there an easy way (preferably in iPhoto) to adjust the time that the photos were taken?

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  • Router/Security question: Am I hacked?

    - by IVR Avenger
    Hi, all. I've noticed that my home broadband speed seems to be a bit slow in recent days. I noticed, last night, that my Wireless Router had given a DHCP lease to a public IP address with an odd formation; something like 111.10.11.110. Should I consider these warning sings of my ZyXEL router being compromised in some way? Thanks, IVR Avenger

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