Search Results

Search found 1979 results on 80 pages for 'astronomy science'.

Page 17/80 | < Previous Page | 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24  | Next Page >

• Python: writing a program to compute the area of a circle and square

  - by user1672504

  I have a question with an assignment. I'm not sure how to write this program and I really need help! Could someone help me with this? This is the assignment: Write a program that asks the user to enter two values: an integer choice and a real number x. If choice is 1, compute and display the area of a circle of radius x. If choice is 2, compute and display the are of a square with sides of length x. If choice is neither 1, nor 2, will display the text Invalid choice. Sample run: Enter choice: 2 Enter x: 8 The area is: 64.0 Sample run: Enter choice: 1 Enter x: 8 The area is: 201.06176 My attempt: choice = input ('Enter Choice:') choice_1 = int (choice) if (choice_1==1): radius = (int) print('Enter x:',radius) pi = 3.14159 area = ( radius ** 2 ) * pi print ( 'The Area is=' , area )

  Read the article

• What are the lesser known but cool data structures ?

  - by f3lix

  There a some data structures around that are really cool but are unknown to most programmers. Which are they? Everybody knows linked lists, binary trees, and hashes, but what about Skip lists, Bloom filters for example. I would like to know more data structures that are not so common, but are worth knowing because they rely on great ideas and enrich a programmer's tool box. PS: I am also interested on techniques like Dancing links which make interesting use of the properties of a common data structure. EDIT: Please try to include links to pages describing the data structures in more detail. Also, try to add a couple of words on why a data structures is cool (as Jonas Kölker already pointed out). Also, try to provide one data-structure per answer. This will allow the better data structures to float to the top based on their votes alone.

  Read the article

• Is it possible to have regexp that matches all valid regular expressions?

  - by Juha Syrjälä

  Is it possible to detect if a given string is valid regular expression, using just regular expressions? Say I have some strings, that may or may not be a valid regular expressions. I'd like to have a regular expression matches those string that correspond to valid regular expression. Is that possible? Or do I have use some higher level grammar (i.e. context free language) to detect this? Does it affect if I am using some extended version of regexps like Perl regexps? If that is possible, what the regexp matching regexp is?

  Read the article

• Balancing a Binary Tree (AVL)

  - by Gustavo Carreno

  Ok, this is another one in the theory realm for the CS guys around. In the 90's I did fairly well in implementing BST's. The only thing I could bever get my head around was the intricacy of the algorithm to balance a Binary Tree (AVL). Can you guys help me on this?

  Read the article

• What is the most easy way to get in advanced Type Theory.

  - by Bubba88

  Of course, by 'advanced' I mean here just something beyond what every programmer does know. I'm currently more-or-less comfortable with the basics and want to understand the most important, most elegant and most practically applicable achievements of modern type theory. I just do not have much time, desire and mental powers to study all the formalistics more thoroughly and that may change in the future. But there is something really attractive for me in that branch, that just forces to ask silly questions like this :) Thank you very much!

  Read the article

• permutation and/ or combination of california license plate

  - by stdnoit

  just wondering california's license plate is 0XXX0000 number, 3 alphabets and 4 numbers. how many permutation / combinations of total different license plate it could be ? i learned this in discrete structure but I have forgotten

  Read the article

• Learning material on SAT

  - by Jules

  What are good documents to read on SAT solvers. I have not been able to find good material via Google. The documents I found were either birds eye view, too advanced or corrupted PDF files... Which papers/documents do you recommend to learn about the algorithms in modern practical SAT solvers?

  Read the article

• Fitch Format Proofs - any resources around?

  - by devoured elysium

  I am currently studying Fitch Format first order logic proofs. My lecturer follows closely Language, Proof and Logic by Jon Barwise. I am trying to do some proofs but I am having some trouble getting to understand how to do these proofs. As I have already read what Language Proof and Logic has to offer, I'd like to know if there are any other books or resources around that use the Fitch format for their formal proofs. Plus, having solved exercises would be of great(!) help. Thanks

  Read the article

• What makes people think that NNs have more computational power than existing models?

  - by Bubba88

  I've read in Wikipedia that neural-network functions defined on a field of arbitrary real/rational numbers (along with algorithmic schemas, and the speculative `transrecursive' models) have more computational power than the computers we use today. Of course it was a page of russian wikipedia (ru.wikipedia.org) and that may be not properly proven, but that's not the only source of such.. rumors Now, the thing that I really do not understand is: How can a string-rewriting machine (NNs are exactly string-rewriting machines just as Turing machines are; only programming language is different) be more powerful than a universally capable U-machine? Yes, the descriptive instrument is really different, but the fact is that any function of such class can be (easily or not) turned to be a legal Turing-machine. Am I wrong? Do I miss something important? What is the cause of people saying that? I do know that the fenomenum of undecidability is widely accepted today (though not consistently proven according to what I've read), but I do not really see a smallest chance of NNs being able to solve that particular problem. Add-in: Not consistently proven according to what I've read - I meant that you might want to take a look at A. Zenkin's (russian mathematician) papers after mid-90-s where he persuasively postulates the wrongness of G. Cantor's concepts, including transfinite sets, uncountable sets, diagonalization method (method used in the proof of undecidability by Turing) and maybe others. Even Goedel's incompletness theorems were proven in right way in only 21-st century.. That's all just to plug Zenkin's work to the post cause I don't know how widespread that knowledge is in CS community so forgive me if that did look stupid. Thank you!

  Read the article

• A Simulator for a non-deterministic Push-Down Automaton

  - by shake

  Well, i need to make simulator for non-deterministic Push-Down Automaton. Everything is okey, i know i need to do recursion or something similar. But i do not know how to make that function which would simulate automaton. I got everything else under control, automaton generator, stack ... I am doing it in java, so this is maybe only issue that man can bump on, and i did it. So if anyone have done something similar, i could use advices. This is my current organisation of code: C lasses: class transit: list -contains non deterministic transitions state input sign stack sign class generator it generate automaton from file clas NPA public boolean start() - this function i am having trouble with Of course problem of separate stacks, and input for every branch. I tried to solve it with collection of objects NPA and try to start every object, but it doesn work :((..

  Read the article

• How do I implement graphs and graph algorithms in a functional programming language?

  - by brad

  Basically, I know how to create graph data structures and use Dijkstra's algorithm in programming languages where side effects are allowed. Typically, graph algorithms use a structure to mark certain nodes as 'visited', but this has side effects, which I'm trying to avoid. I can think of one way to implement this in a functional language, but it basically requires passing around large amounts of state to different functions, and I'm wondering if there is a more space-efficient solution.

  Read the article

• Specifying Language for a grammar

  - by darkie15

  Hi All, Is there any specific methodology followed to specify a language for given grammar ?? i.e. Is it necessary to run all the production rules given in a grammar to determine the language it represents? I don't have an example as such since the one I am working on is a homework question. Regards, darkie15

  Read the article

• What problems have you solved using constraint programming?

  - by knorv

  I'd like to know about specific problems you - the SO reader - have solved using constraint programming and what constraint logic language you used. Questions: What problems have you used constraint programming to solve? What constraint logic language did you use? I'm looking for first-hand experiences, so please do not answer unless you have that.

  Read the article

• What is better for a student programming in C++ to learn for writing GUI: C# vs QT?

  - by flashnik

  I'm a teacher(instructor) of CS in the university. The course is based on Cormen and Knuth and students program algorithms in C++. But sometimes it is good to show how an algorithm works or just a result of task through GUI. Also in my opinion it's very imporant to be able to write full programs. They will have courses concerning GUI but a three years, later, in fact, before graduatuion. I think that they should be able to write simple GUI applications earlier. So I want to teach them it. How do you think, what is more useful for them to learn: programming GUI with QT or writing GUI in C# and calling unmanaged C++ library?

  Read the article

• List of fundamental data structures - what am I missing?

  - by jboxer

  I've been studying my fundamental data structures a bunch recently, trying to make sure I've got them down cold. By "fundamental", I mean the real basic ones. Fancy ones like Red-Black Trees and Bloom Filters are clearly worth knowing, but they're usually either enhancements of fundamental ones (Red-Black Trees are binary search trees with special properties to keep them balanced) or they're only useful in very specific situations (Bloom Filters). So far, I'm "fluent" in the following data structures: Arrays Linked Lists Stacks/Queues Binary Search Trees Heaps/Priority Queues Hash Tables However, I feel like I'm missing something. Are there any fundamental ones that I'm forgetting about? EDIT: Added these after posting the question Strings (suggested by catchmeifyoutry) Sets (suggested by Peter) Graphs (suggested by Nick D and aJ) B-Trees (Suggested by tloach) I'm a little on-the-fence about whether these are too fancy or not, but I think they're different enough from the fundamental structures (and important enough) to be worth studying as fundamental.

  Read the article

• Do invariant assertions fit into C# programming?

  - by P.Brian.Mackey

  In the book coders at work, the author asks "How do you use invariants in your code". Please explain what this question means. I saw class invariants on wiki, but the example is in Java and I am not skilled enough in Java to relate this example to C#. .NET 4.0 introduces invariance, covariance, and contravariance and is well explained here. Invariance is so broad. The authors usage of the word seems unit test related. For those that read the book, what does the author mean? Are we talking about making an assumption and simply testing the validity after the unit test?

  Read the article

• Learning material on SAT (Boolean Satisfiability Problem)

  - by Jules

  What are good documents to read on SAT (Boolean satisfiability problem) solvers. I have not been able to find good material via Google. The documents I found were either birds eye view, too advanced or corrupted PDF files... Which papers/documents do you recommend to learn about the algorithms in modern practical SAT solvers?

  Read the article

• P-NP-Problem: What are the most promising methods?

  - by phimuemue

  Hello everybody, I know that P=NP has not been solved up to now, but can anybody tell me something about the following: What are currently the most promising mathematical / computer scientific methods that could be helpful to tackle this problem? Or are there even none such methods known to be potentially helpful up to now? Is there any (free) compendium on this topic where I can find all / most of the research done in this area?

  Read the article

• Learning networking fundamentals

  - by bplus

  Not having a CS degree has left large holes in my programming related knowledge. In particular I'd really like to learn some of the computer networking stuff I would have got in a good CS degree. The problem I really have is "not knowing what I don't know". So far I know I don't know anything about the following (as far as computer networks are concearned) -sockets -ports -internet protocol (the whole IP stack I keep hearing about). Can anyone add more to the list? Can anyone suggest a project (writing a toy web server?) Thanks in advance

  Read the article

• How do you avoid an invalid search space in a genetic algorithm?

  - by Dave

  I am developing a GA for a school project and I've noticed that upon evaluating my functions for fitness, an individual is equivalent to its inverse. For example, the set (1, 1, -1, 1) is equivalent to (-1, -1, 1, -1). To shrink my search space and reach a solution more efficiently, how can I avoid my crossovers from searching in this second half of the search space?

  Read the article

• What does it mean to do/determine something "programmatically"?

  - by Chris Lutz

  Programmatically. (alt. programmically) I've never used it, but I see it in questions a lot, i.e. "How to programmatically determine [insert task here]". Firefox immediately tells me that neither of these two words are real (at least, it doesn't recognize them). I've also never seen them used anywhere but here. 1) What does it mean to do/determine something "programmatically"? 2) Why do so many people ask how to do/determine something "programmatically"? Isn't it assumed that, if you're asking how to do something on a programming help board, you're asking how to do it "programmatically"? 3) Why is it that I've never seen the word "programmatically" anywhere else?

  Read the article

• Mutual Information / Entropy Calculation Help

  - by Fillip

  Hi, Hoping someone can give me some pointers with this entropy problem. Say X is chosen randomly from the uniform integer distribution 0-32 (inclusive). I calculate the entropy, H(X) = 32 bits, as each Xi has equal probability of occurring. Now, say the following pseudocode executes. int r = rand(0,1); // a random integer 0 or 1 r = r * 33 + X; How would I work out the mutual information between the two variables r and X? Mutual Information is defined as I(X; Y) = H(X) - H(X|Y) but I don't really understand how to apply the conditional entropy H(X|Y) to this problem. Thanks

  Read the article

• Are .NET's regular expressions Turing complete?

  - by Robert

  Regular expressions are often pointed to as the classical example of a language that is not Turning complete. For example "regular expressions" is given in as the answer to this SO question looking for languages that are not Turing complete. In my, perhaps somewhat basic, understanding of the notion of Turning completeness, this means that regular expressions cannot be used check for patterns that are "balanced". Balanced meaning have an equal number of opening characters as closing characters. This is because to do this would require you to have some kind of state, to allow you to match the opening and closing characters. However the .NET implementation of regular expressions introduces the notion of a balanced group. This construct is designed to let you backtrack and see if a previous group was matched. This means that a .NET regular expressions: ^(?<p>a)*(?<-p>b)*(?(p)(?!))$ Could match a pattern that: ab aabb aaabbb aaaabbbb ... etc. ... Does this means .NET's regular expressions are Turing complete? Or are there other things that are missing that would be required for the language to be Turing complete?

  Read the article

• Task vs. process, is there really any difference?

  - by DASKAjA

  Hi there, I'm studying for my final exams in my CS major on the subject distributed systems and operating systems. I'm in the need for a good definition for the terms task, process and threads. So far I'm confident that a process is the representation of running (or suspended, but initiated) program with its own memory, program counter, registers, stack, etc (process control block). Processes can run threads which share memory, so that communication via shared memory is possible in contrast to processes which have to communicate via IPC. But what's the difference between tasks and process. I often read that they're interchangable and that the term task isn't used anymore. Is that really true?

  Read the article

• What is the function from which all other functions can be derived?

  - by ChrisD

  I seem to remember reading about a function that could be used to make all other functions. Does anyone know what it is? And how could such a function be used? I can't remember where I read it and my google-fu is not strong enough.

  Read the article

< Previous Page | 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24  | Next Page >