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• CSS font-size causing the last line to be too high

  - by tster

  OK, I have a list (<ul>) then inside each <li> element I have an <a...> Here are all the applicable CSS items to the <a> tag .search_area li a { font-size:11px; } sResCntr li { list-style-type:none; } body { font-family:Arial; } Everything looked great, until I put that font-size:11px in there. The problem is that the hyperlinks wrap to multiple lines within the list (which is fine). But when I decrease the font-size, the last line of the hyperlink always has a larger gap between it and the line above it than the other lines. All the other lines look good, but the last line looks like it is 1.5 spaced or something. I have adjusted the line-height property, but always the last line is larger than the rest. If you need a demo to look at to see what I mean, I can arrange it when I get home.

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• linq: SQL performance on high loaded web applications

  - by Alex

  I started working with linq to SQL several weeks ago. I got really tired of working with SQL server directly through the SQL queries (sqldatareader, sqlcommand and all this good stuff).  After hearing about linq to SQL and mvc I quickly moved all my projects to these technologies. I expected linq to SQL work slower but it suprisongly turned out to be pretty fast, primarily because I always forgot to close my connections when using datareaders. Now I don't have to worry about it. But there's one problem that really bothers me. There's one page that's requested thousands of times a day. The system gets data in the beginning, works with it and updates it. Primarily the updates are ++ @ -- (increase and decrease values). I used to do it like this UPDATE table SET value=value+1 WHERE ID=@I'd It worked with no problems obviously. But with linq to SQL the data is taken in the beginning, moved to the class, changed and then saved. Stats.registeredusers++; Db.submitchanges(); Let's say there were 100 000 users. Linq will say "let it be 100 001" instead of "let it be increased by 1". But if there value of users has already been increased (that happens in my site all the time) then linq will be like oops, this value is already 100 001. Whatever I'll throw an exception" You can change this behavior so that it won't throw an exception but it still will not set the value to 100 002. Like I said, it happened with me all the time. The stas value was increased twice a second on average. I simply had to rewrite this chunk of code with classic ado net. So my question is how can you solve the problem with linq

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• JavaME - LWUIT images eat up all the memory

  - by Marko

  Hi, I'm writing a MIDlet using LWUIT and images seem to eat up incredible amounts of memory. All the images I use are PNGs and are packed inside the JAR file. I load them using the standard Image.createImage(URL) method. The application has a number of forms and each has a couple of labels an buttons, however I am fairly certain that only the active form is kept in memory (I know it isn't very trustworthy, but Runtime.freeMemory() seems to confirm this). The application has worked well in 240x320 resolution, but moving it to 480x640 and using appropriately larger images for UI started causing out of memory errors to show up. What the application does, among other things, is download remote images. The application seems to work fine until it gets to this point. After downloading a couple of PNGs and returning to the main menu, the out of memory error is encountered. Naturally, I looked into the amount of memory the main menu uses and it was pretty shocking. It's just two labels with images and four buttons. Each button has three images used for style.setIcon, setPressedIcon and setRolloverIcon. Images range in size from 15 to 25KB but removing two of the three images used for every button (so 8 images in total), Runtime.freeMemory() showed a stunning 1MB decrease in memory usage. The way I see it, I either have a whole lot of memory leaks (which I don't think I do, but memory leaks aren't exactly known to be easily tracked down), I am doing something terribly wrong with image handling or there's really no problem involved and I just need to scale down. If anyone has any insight to offer, I would greatly appreciate it.

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• Why SetMinimumSize sets the minimal heights but not width?

  - by Roman

  Here is my code: import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class PanelModel { public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame("Colored Trails"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel(); mainPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); JPanel firstPanel = new JPanel(); firstPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4)); firstPanel.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(4*100, 4*100)); firstPanel.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(4*100, 4*100)); JButton btn; for (int i=1; i<=4; i++) { for (int j=1; j<=4; j++) { btn = new JButton(); btn.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100, 100)); firstPanel.add(btn); } } mainPanel.add(firstPanel); frame.add(mainPanel); frame.setSize(520,600); //frame.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(520,600)); frame.setVisible(true); } } When I increase the size of the window (by mouse) I see that my panel does not increase its size. It is the expected behavior (because I set the maximal size of the panel). However, when I decrease the size of the window, I see that width of the panel is decreased too (while the height is constant). So, the setMinimumSize works only partially. Why is that?

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• Scrolling list items in wpf

  - by sudarsanyes

  I guess the following picture depicts the problem better than texts... That is what I need. <ListBox x:Name="NamesListBox" ItemsSource="{Binding}"> <ListBox.ItemsPanel> <ItemsPanelTemplate> <WrapPanel x:Name="ItemWrapPanel"> <WrapPanel.RenderTransform> <TranslateTransform x:Name="ItemWrapPanelTransformation" X="0" /> </WrapPanel.RenderTransform> <WrapPanel.Triggers> <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="WrapPanel.Loaded"> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ItemWrapPanelTransformation" Storyboard.TargetProperty="X" To="-1000" From="{Binding ElementName=ScrollingListItemsWindow, Path=Width}" Duration="0:0:9" RepeatBehavior="100" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </EventTrigger> </WrapPanel.Triggers> </WrapPanel> </ItemsPanelTemplate> </ListBox.ItemsPanel> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <Grid> <Label Content="{Binding}" /> </Grid> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> is what I did. But here I don't wanna hard code -1000 for the X value, rather I want to determine this based on the length of the wrap panel/number of items. Can somebody help me with this ?? Reason why I choose list box is that the number of items can increase and decrease at any time and suits the problem better. If you have got any other idea, please suggest it too. Thanks.

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• how to make war file take up less memory

  - by Myy

  I need help on how to decrease the memory usage of my web app. so I can fit more into my webserver. so I'm building a java web app with JSF 2.0 developing in eclipse helios and running on an Apache tomcat Server. And I have a dedicated virtual server with a tomcat aswell where I deploy these war files. the webApp is about 35MB in size ( it has a lot of jars and such) but when I deploy it to my tomcat webserver, I can see it takes about 300MB of RAM, is this normal? my dedicated server only has 2GB of ram from which normally have 1 to use. so I as soon as I deploy 3 apps I get an OOM error, I've gotten permgen OOM and a out of swamp Memory error; to fix this I upped my MaxPermGen to about a gig and resytarted the server to get back some swamp space. so I tried deploying smaller older apps ( about 15MB) and they take up waay less memory. If I have 1 GB of ram I want to be able to fit more apps into my webserver without getting any OOM Errors. now I found this stack overflow Question, Can that be applied to my case? and if so, which are the common folders in the tomcat server? anyone done this before or have a different more effective, not so complicated approach? Any ideas, and or commets are more than appreciated. Thanks! Myy

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• Why ntp settle time toe long?

  - by fercis

  I simply try to set-up NTP to my system. Both server and clients will run on my computer which are linked together with local link. One of them will have the reference clock. Both the server and Client are linux Ubuntu. I install ntp daemon to both sides. In clients, I enter the ip address of the server to /etc/ntp.conf. Everything works fine. However, the setting of the time to correct time in client side takes too long time (around 17 minutes). Is it possible to gather correct time just at startup. I write some code that regularly calls "ntpdate " by system call and the problem is solved but there has to be something that allows me to decrease the poll time of the client to 1-2 minutes. There are some settings as maxpoll - minpoll in ntp.conf, but I couldn't manage to understand their function, because with the best configuration (minpoll 4? 16 seconds?) I also cannot see that client side corrects its time before 10 minutes. In addition, in some cases my client is an embedded system (ARM - IGEP board) and it always opens with an irrelevant date (2-3 years ago). So the time that takes to correct the time should not depend on the time difference also.

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• pthread_exit and/or pthread_join causing Abort and SegFaults.

  - by MJewkes

  The following code is a simple thread game, that switches between threads causing the timer to decrease. It works fine for 3 threads, causes and Abort(core dumped) for 4 threads, and causes a seg fault for 5 or more threads. Anyone have any idea why this might be happening? #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <errno.h> #include <assert.h> int volatile num_of_threads; int volatile time_per_round; int volatile time_left; int volatile turn_id; int volatile thread_running; int volatile can_check; void * player (void * id_in){ int id= (int)id_in; while(1){ if(can_check){ if (time_left<=0){ break; } can_check=0; if(thread_running){ if(turn_id==id-1){ turn_id=random()%num_of_threads; time_left--; } } can_check=1; } } pthread_exit(NULL); } int main(int argc, char *args[]){ int i; int buffer; pthread_t * threads =(pthread_t *)malloc(num_of_threads*sizeof(pthread_t)); thread_running=0; num_of_threads=atoi(args[1]); can_check=0; time_per_round = atoi(args[2]); time_left=time_per_round; srandom(time(NULL)); //Create Threads for (i=0;i<num_of_threads;i++){ do{ buffer=pthread_create(&threads[i],NULL,player,(void *)(i+1)); }while(buffer == EAGAIN); } can_check=1; time_left=time_per_round; turn_id=random()%num_of_threads; thread_running=1; for (i=0;i<num_of_threads;i++){ assert(!pthread_join(threads[i], NULL)); } return 0; }

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• Incorrect sizing of a JPanel in a JScrollPane In Java 1.5

  - by Coder

  Hi, I am making an image loading component which consists of a JPanel containing a JScrollPane, which in turn contains another JPanel. What this component does is allows images to be dropped on top of it, after which point the image is loaded and the inner most JPanel is set to the size of the image dropped. This in turn causes the scroll bars to show up and the user can scroll the image. This all works fine. The problem comes in when i try to auto-shrink the image to the maximum visible area in the outer JPanel. In this case i do a uniform scale of the image to be less than or equal to the width and height of the outer JPanel. What happens now is that both the horizontal and vertical scroll bars show up indicating the the inner JPanel is bigger than the visible area (which should not be the case). I verified that the image is scale to the proper dimensions(ie. the maximum width and height is respected). I also verified that if i decrease the maximum height by 3 pixels, then no scroll bars appear. What i believe the problem is, is that panel.getWidth() and panel.getHeight() don't actually return the visible area (maximum area) that sub components can take up. Ie. there is likely some more width and height taken up by the border around the JPanel or something like that. My question is, how do i get around this problem. Functionally all i want is to determine the maximum size a JPanel can be in a JScrollPane, then set the panel to that size and paint an image over top of it and be assured that the scroll bars of the scroll pane will not show up. Right now the scroll bars are set to AS_NEEDED. Thanks!

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• Improving I/O performance in C++ programs[external merge sort]

  - by Ajay

  I am currently working on a project involving external merge-sort using replacement-selection and k-way merge. I have implemented the project in C++[runs on linux]. Its very simple and right now deals with only fixed sized records. For reading & writing I use (i/o)fstream classes. After executing the program for few iterations, I noticed that I/O read blocks for requests of size more than 4K(typical block size). Infact giving buffer sizes greater than 4K causes performance to decrease. The output operations does not seem to need buffering, linux seemed to take care of buffering output. So I issue a write(record) instead of maintaining special buffer of writes and then flushing them out at once using write(records[]). But the performance of the application does not seem to be great. How could I improve the performance? Should I maintain special I/O threads to take care of reading blocks or are there existing C++ classes providing this abstraction already?(Something like BufferedInputStream in java)

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• c++-to-python swig caused memory leak! Related to Py_BuildValue and SWIG_NewPointerObj

  - by usfree74

  Hey gurus, I have the following Swig code that caused memory leak. PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer return Py_BuildValue( "(fO)", match, SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 0 /* own */)); } I figured that ptr is not freed properly. So I did the following: PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer *PyObject *o = SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 1 /* own */);* <------- 1 means pass the ownership to python PyObject *result = Py_BuildValue("(fO)", match, o); Py_XDECREF(o); return result; } But I am not very sure whether this will cause memory corruption. Here, Py_XDECREF(o) will decrease the ref count, which can free memory used by object "o". But o is part of the return value "result". Freeing "o" can cause data corrupt, I guess? I tried my change. It works fine and the caller (python code) does see the expected data. But this could be because nobody else overwrites to that memory area. So what's the right way to deal with memory management of the above code? I search the swig docs, but don't see very concrete description. Please help! Thanks, xin

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• A simple way to put a UIImage in a UIButton

  - by Alice

  I have a UIButton in my iPhone app. I set its size to 100x100. I have an image that is 400x200 that I wish to display in the button. The button STILL needs to stay at 100x100... and I want the image to downsize to fit... but keep the correct aspect ratio. I thought that's what "Aspect Fit" was used for. Do I include my image with setImage, or setBackgroundImage? Do I set AspectFit for the button? or the image? or the background image? (I need the smaller images to INCREASE in size. While larger images should DESCREASE in size. Always keeping the button at 100x100.) I've tried countless combinations of all of the above... and I just can't seem to get everything to work at the same time: Don't change the button's size of 100x100. Don't destroy the image's aspect ratio. Always increase small images to fit the button. Always decrease large images to fit the button. Never clip any of the image edges. Never require the "put UIButtons over all your UIimages" hack. Don't require everyone to upgrade to v4.2.1 just to use new framework methods. I see so many apps, with so many fully-working image-buttons... that I can't believe I can't figure out this very simple, very common thing. Ugh.

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• .NET 3.5 C# does not offer what I need for locking: Count async saves until 0 again.

  - by Frank Michael Kraft

  I have some records, that I want to save to database asynchronously. I organize them into batches, then send them. As time passes, the batches are processed. In the meanwhile the user can work on. There are some critical operations, that I want to lock him out from, while any save batch is still running asynchronously. The save is done using a TableServiceContext and method .BeginSave() - but I think this should be irrelevant. What I want to do is whenever an async save is started, increase a lock count, and when it completes, decrease the lock count so that it will be zero as soon as all have finished. I want to lock out the critical operation as long as the count is not zero. Furthermore I want to qualify the lock - by business object - for example. I did not find a .NET 3.5 c# locking method, that does fulfil this requirement. A semaphore does not contain a method to check, if the count is 0. Otherwise a semaphore with unlimited max count would do.

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• Preventing a heavy process from sinking in the swap file

  - by eran

  Our service tends to fall asleep during the nights on our client's server, and then have a hard time waking up. What seems to happen is that the process heap, which is sometimes several hundreds of MB, is moved to the swap file. This happens at night, when our service is not used, and others are scheduled to run (DB backups, AV scans etc). When this happens, after a few hours of inactivity the first call to the service takes up to a few minutes (consequent calls take seconds). I'm quite certain it's an issue of virtual memory management, and I really hate the idea of forcing the OS to keep our service in the physical memory. I know doing that will hurt other processes on the server, and decrease the overall server throughput. Having that said, our clients just want our app to be responsive. They don't care if nightly jobs take longer. I vaguely remember there's a way to force Windows to keep pages on the physical memory, but I really hate that idea. I'm leaning more towards some internal or external watchdog that will initiate higher-level functionalities (there is already some internal scheduler that does very little, and makes no difference). If there were a 3rd party tool that provided that kind of service is would have been just as good. I'd love to hear any comments, recommendations and common solutions to this kind of problem. The service is written in VC2005 and runs on Windows servers.

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• Stopping cookies being set from a domain (aka "cookieless domain") to increase site performance

  - by Django Reinhardt

  I was reading in Google's documentation about improving site speed. One of their recommendations is serving static content (images, css, js, etc.) from a "cookieless domain": Static content, such as images, JS and CSS files, don't need to be accompanied by cookies, as there is no user interaction with these resources. You can decrease request latency by serving static resources from a domain that doesn't serve cookies. Google then says that the best way to do this is to buy a new domain and set it to point to your current one: To reserve a cookieless domain for serving static content, register a new domain name and configure your DNS database with a CNAME record that points the new domain to your existing domain A record. Configure your web server to serve static resources from the new domain, and do not allow any cookies to be set anywhere on this domain. In your web pages, reference the domain name in the URLs for the static resources. This is pretty straight forward stuff, except for the bit where it says to "configure your web server to serve static resources from the new domain, and do not allow any cookies to be set anywhere on this domain". From what I've read, there's no setting in IIS that allows you to say "serve static resources", so how do I prevent ASP.NET from setting cookies on this new domain? At present, even if I'm just requesting a .jpg from the new domain, it sets a cookie on my browser, even though our application's cookies are set to our old domain. For example, ASP.NET sets an ".ASPXANONYMOUS" cookie that (as far as I'm aware) we're not telling it to do. Apologies if this is a real newb question, I'm new at this! Thanks.

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• customer.name joining transactions.name vs. customer.id [serial] joining transactions.id [integer]

  - by Frank Computer

  INFORMIX-SQL 7.32 Pawnshop Application: one-to-many relationship where each customer (master) can have many transactions (detail). customer( id serial, pk_name char(30), {PATERNAL-NAME MATERNAL-NAME, FIRST-NAME MIDDLE-NAME} [...] ); unique index on id; unique cluster index on name; transaction( fk_name char(30), ticket_number serial, [...] ); dups cluster index on fk_name; unique index on ticket_number; Several people have told me this is not the correct way to join master to detail. They said I should always join customer.id[serial] to transactions.id[integer]. When a customer pawns merchandise, clerk queries the master using wildcards on name. The query usually returns several customers, clerk scrolls until locating the right name, enters a 'D' to change to detail transactions table, all transactions are automatically queried, then clerk enters an 'A' to add a new transaction. The problem with using customer.id joining transaction.id is that although the customer table is maintained in sorted name order, clustering the transaction table by fk_id groups the transactions by fk_id, but they are not in the same order as the customer name, so when clerk is scrolling through customer names in the master, the system has to jump allover the place to locate the clustered transactions belonging to each customer. As each new customer is added, the next id is assigned to that customer, but new customers dont show up in alphabetical order. I experimented using id joins and confirmed the decrease in performance. How can I use id joins instead of name joins and still preserve the clustered transaction order by name if transactions has no name column?

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• Wrapping unmanaged C++ with C++/CLI - a proper approach.

  - by Jamie

  Hi there, as stated in the title, I want to have my old C++ library working in managed .NET. I think of two possibilities: 1) I might try to compile the library with /clr and try "It Just Works" approach. 2) I might write a managed wrapper to the unmanaged library. First of all, I want to have my library working FAST, as it was in unmanaged environment. Thus, I am not sure if the first approach will not cause a large decrease in performance. However, it seems to be faster to implement (not a right word :-)) (assuming it will work for me). On the other hand, I think of some problems that might appear while writing a wrapper (e.g. how to wrap some STL collection (vector for instance)?) I think of writing a wrapper residing in the same project as the unmanaged C++ resides - is that a reasonable approach (e.g. MyUnmanagedClass and MyManagedClass in the same project, the second wrapping the other)? What would you suggest in that problem? Which solution is going to give me better performance of the resulting code? Thank you in advance for any suggestions and clues! Cheers

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• How to bring the parent element with floated child elements to the center of the document?

  - by Starx

  I have organized a menu. Its HTML is as follows: <ul class="topmenu"> <li><a href="sample.html">Text 1</a></li> <li><a href="sample.html">Text 2</a></li> <li><a href="sample.html">Text 3</a></li> <li><a href="sample.html">Text 4</a></li> <ul> This is a horizontal menu, so I have floated the list items to left to appear them in a horizontal line. I could have used display:inline to appear them in a single line, but since IE does not support it and I don't know any other way to do so, I used float:left;. It's css is: .topmenu { list-style:none; margin:0; padding:0; } .topmenu li { float:left; } This brings the menu in a perfect horizontal line, but the entire list is floated to the left. I want to bring the .topmenu to appear in the center of the document and keep the listitem inside it floated towards the left. I found that this is achievable by defining width property of the .topmenu, but I dont want to fix its width as the list-items are dynamically generated and thus could increase and decrease. Any one know of any solution?

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• Generated images fail to load in browser

  - by notJim

  I've got a page on a webapp that has about 13 images that are generated by my application, which is written in the Kohana PHP framework. The images are actually graphs. They are cached so they are only generated once, but the first time the user visits the page, and the images all have to be generated, about half of the images don't load in the browser. Once the page has been requested once and images are cached, they all load successfully. Doing some ad-hoc testing, if I load an individual image in the browser, it takes from 450-700 ms to load with an empty cache (I checked this using Google Chrome's resource tracking feature). For reference, it takes around 90-150 ms to load a cached image. Even if the image cache is empty, I have the data and some of the application's startup tasks cached, so that after the first request, none of that data needs to be fetched. My questions are: Why are the images failing to load? It seems like the browser just decides not to download the image after a certain point, rather than waiting for them all to finish loading. What can I do to get them to load the first time, with an empty cache? Obviously one option is to decrease the load times, and I could figure out how to do that by profiling the app, but are there other options? As I mentioned, the app is in the Kohana PHP framework, and it's running on Apache. As an aside, I've solved this problem for now by fetching the page as soon as the data is available (it comes from a batch process), so that the images are always cached by the time the user sees them. That feels like a kludgey solution to me, though, and I'm curious about what's actually going on.

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• How to draw shadows that don't suck?

  - by mystify

  A CAShapeLayer uses a CGPathRef to draw it's stuff. So I have a star path, and I want a smooth drop shadow with a radius of about 15 units. Probably there is some nice functionality in some new iPhone OS versions, but I need to do it myself for a old aged version of 3.0 (which most people still use). I tried to do some REALLY nasty stuff: I created a for-loop and sequentially created like 15 of those paths, transform-scaling them step by step to become bigger. Then assigning them to a new created CAShapeLayer and decreasing it's alpha a little bit on every iteration. Not only that this scaling is mathematically incorrect and sucks (it should happen relative to the outline!), the shadow is not rounded and looks really ugly. That's why nice soft shadows have a radius. The tips of a star shouldn't appear totally sharp after a shadow size of 15 units. They should be soft like cream. But in my ugly solution they're just as s harp as the star itself, since all I do is scale the star 15 times and decrease it's alpha 15 times. Ugly. I wonder how the big guys do it? If you had an arbitrary path, and that path must throw a shadow, how does the algorithm to do that work? Probably the path would have to be expanded like 30 times, point-by-point relative to the tangent of the outline away from the filled part, and just by 0.5 units to have a nice blending. Before I re-invent the wheel, maybe someone has a handy example or link?

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• Fix N+1 query in "declarative_authorization" gem using gem "bullet"

  - by makaroni4

  Currently I am working on one big web application and to make it work faster I decided to refactor all N+1 queries (to decrease number of requests to database, http://rails-bestpractices.com/posts/29-fix-n-1-queries). So I installed gem "bullet" which doesn`t work with Rails 3.1.1 now (you can use fork from https://github.com/flyerhzm/bullet). When using declarative_authorization gem on each page I get same alerts: N+1 Query detected Role => [:permissions] Add to your finder: :include => [:permissions] N+1 Query detected Permission => [:permission_rules] Add to your finder: :include => [:permission_rules] CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "roles".* FROM "roles" CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permissions".* FROM "permissions" WHERE "permissions"."role_id" = 1 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permissions".* FROM "permissions" WHERE "permissions"."role_id" = 2 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permissions".* FROM "permissions" WHERE "permissions"."role_id" = 3 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permissions".* FROM "permissions" WHERE "permissions"."role_id" = 4 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permissions".* FROM "permissions" WHERE "permissions"."role_id" = 6 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permissions".* FROM "permissions" WHERE "permissions"."role_id" = 7 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permissions".* FROM "permissions" WHERE "permissions"."role_id" = 8 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permission_rules".* FROM "permission_rules" INNER JOIN "permission_rules_permissions" ON "permission_rules"."id" = "permission_rules_permissions"."permission_rule_id" WHERE "permission_rules_permissions"."permission_id" = 30 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "permission_rules".* FROM "permission_rules" INNER JOIN "permission_rules_permissions" ON "permission_rules"."id" = "permission_rules_permissions"."permission_rule_id" WHERE "permission_rules_permissions"."permission_id" = 31 ... Could you please help me with that and to make this queries faster?

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• Delphi: EInvalidOp in neural network class (TD-lambda)

  - by user89818

  I have the following draft for a neural network class. This neural network should learn with TD-lambda. It is started by calling the getRating() function. But unfortunately, there is an EInvalidOp (invalid floading point operation) error after about 1000 iterations in the following lines: neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda Why is this error? I can't find the mistake in my code :( Can you help me? Thank you very much in advance! unit uNeuronalesNetz; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, Grids, Menus, Math; const NEURONS_INPUT = 43; // number of neurons in the input layer NEURONS_HIDDEN = 60; // number of neurons in the hidden layer NEURONS_OUTPUT = 1; // number of neurons in the output layer NEURONS_TOTAL = NEURONS_INPUT+NEURONS_HIDDEN+NEURONS_OUTPUT; // total number of neurons in the network MAX_TIMESTEPS = 42; // maximum number of timesteps possible (after 42 moves: board is full) LEARNING_RATE_INPUT = 0.25; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN = 0.15; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training GAMMA = 0.9; LAMBDA = 0.7; // decay parameter for eligibility traces type TFeatureVector = Array[1..43] of SmallInt; // definition of the array type TFeatureVector TArtificialNeuralNetwork = class // definition of the class TArtificialNeuralNetwork private // GENERAL SETTINGS START learningMode: Boolean; // does the network learn and change its weights? // GENERAL SETTINGS END // NETWORK CONFIGURATION START neuronsInput: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Extended; // array of all input neurons (their values) for every timestep neuronsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of all hidden neurons (their values) neuronsOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of output neurons (their values) weightsInput: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of weights: input->hidden weightsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of weights: hidden->output // NETWORK CONFIGURATION END // LEARNING SETTINGS START outputBefore: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's output value in the last timestep (the one before) eligibilityTraceHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: hidden layer eligibilityTraceOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: output layer reward: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the reward value for all output neurons in every timestep tdError: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's error value for every single output neuron t: Byte; // current timestep cyclesTrained: Integer; // number of cycles trained so far (learning rates could be decreased accordingly) last50errors: Array[1..50] of Extended; // LEARNING SETTINGS END public constructor Create; // create the network object and do the initialization procedure UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the hidden and output layer procedure tdLearning; // learning algorithm: adjust the network's weights procedure ForwardPropagation; // propagate the input values through the network to the output layer function getRating(state: TFeatureVector; explorative: Boolean): Extended; // get the rating for a given state (feature vector) function HyperbolicTangent(x: Extended): Extended; // calculate the hyperbolic tangent [-1;1] procedure StartNewCycle; // start a new cycle with everything set to default except for the weights procedure setLearningMode(activated: Boolean=TRUE); // switch the learning mode on/off procedure setInputs(state: TFeatureVector); // transfer the given feature vector to the input layer (set input neurons' values) procedure setReward(currentReward: SmallInt); // set the reward for the current timestep (with learning then or without) procedure nextTimeStep; // increase timestep t function getCyclesTrained(): Integer; // get the number of cycles trained so far procedure Visualize(imgHidden: Pointer); // visualize the neural network's hidden layer end; implementation procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.UpdateEligibilityTraces; var i, j, k: Integer; begin // how worthy is a weight to be adjusted? for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*neuronsHidden[j]; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*weightsHidden[j][k]*neuronsHidden[j]*(1-neuronsHidden[j])*neuronsInput[t][i]; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setReward; VAR i: Integer; begin for i := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin // +1 = player A wins // 0 = draw // -1 = player B wins reward[t][i] := currentReward; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.tdLearning; var i, j, k: Integer; begin if learningMode then begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin if reward[t][k] = 0 then begin tdError[k] := GAMMA*neuronsOutput[k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value when reward is 0 end else begin tdError[k] := reward[t][k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value in the final state (reward received) end; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := weightsInput[i][j]+LEARNING_RATE_INPUT*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]; // adjust input->hidden weights according to TD-lambda end; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.ForwardPropagation; var i, j, k: Integer; begin for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden end; neuronsHidden[j] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsHidden[j]); // activation of hidden neuron j end; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsOutput[k] := neuronsOutput[k]+neuronsHidden[j]*weightsHidden[j][k]; // hidden -> output end; neuronsOutput[k] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsOutput[k]); // activation of output neuron k end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setLearningMode; begin learningMode := activated; end; constructor TArtificialNeuralNetwork.Create; var i, j, k: Integer; begin inherited Create; Randomize; // initialize random numbers generator learningMode := TRUE; cyclesTrained := -2; // only set to -2 because it will be increased twice in the beginning StartNewCycle; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; end; for i := 1 to 50 do begin last50errors[i] := 0; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.nextTimeStep; begin t := t+1; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.StartNewCycle; var i, j, k, m: Integer; begin t := 1; // start in timestep 1 cyclesTrained := cyclesTrained+1; // increase the number of cycles trained so far for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := 0; outputBefore[k] := 0; neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for m := 1 to MAX_TIMESTEPS do begin reward[m][k] := 0; end; end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := 0; end; end; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getCyclesTrained; begin result := cyclesTrained; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setInputs; var k: Integer; begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsInput[t][k] := state[k]; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getRating; begin setInputs(state); ForwardPropagation; result := neuronsOutput[1]; if not explorative then begin tdLearning; // adjust the weights according to TD-lambda ForwardPropagation; // calculate the network's output again outputBefore[1] := neuronsOutput[1]; // set outputBefore which will then be used in the next timestep UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the next timestep nextTimeStep; // go to the next timestep end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.HyperbolicTangent; begin if x > 5500 then // prevent overflow result := 1 else result := (Exp(2*x)-1)/(Exp(2*x)+1); end; end.

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• Determining the chances of an event occurring when it hasn't occurred yet

  - by sanity

  A user visits my website at time t, and they may or may not click on a particular link I care about, if they do I record the fact that they clicked the link, and also the duration since t that they clicked it, call this d. I need an algorithm that allows me to create a class like this: class ClickProbabilityEstimate { public void reportImpression(long id); public void reportClick(long id); public double estimateClickProbability(long id); } Every impression gets a unique id, and this is used when reporting a click to indicate which impression the click belongs to. I need an algorithm that will return a probability, based on how much time has past since an impression was reported, that the impression will receive a click, based on how long previous clicks required. Clearly one would expect that this probability will decrease over time if there is still no click. If necessary, we can set an upper-bound, beyond which we consider the click probability to be 0 (eg. if its been an hour since the impression occurred, we can be pretty sure there won't be a click). The algorithm should be both space and time efficient, and hopefully make as few assumptions as possible, while being elegant. Ease of implementation would also be nice. Any ideas?

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• Java Recursion Triangle Standing on Tip

  - by user1629075

  I was wondering how to create triangle out of asterisks on its tip rather than on its base. I have the code for making it stand on its base: public static String printTriangle (int count) { if( count <= 0 ) return ""; String p = printTriangle(count - 1); p = p + "*"; System.out.print(p); System.out.print("\n"); return p; } But then I'm stuck on how to have the greatest number of stars on the top, and then the next least, and so on. I was thinking something along the terms of having (count - p) to have the input of rows be subtracted from the amount of decrease, but then i was confused by this idea because p is string. EDIT: I tried changing the position of printTriangle(count - 1) using my original method without iterations and got 1 star per each line; how can I fix this? public class triangles { public static void main(String[] args) { printTriangle(5); } public static String printTriangle (int count) { if( count <= 0 ) return ""; String p = ""; p = p + "*"; System.out.print(p); System.out.print("\n"); p = printTriangle(count - 1); return p; } }

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• Browser timing out attempting to load images

  - by notJim

  I've got a page on a webapp that has about 13 images that are generated by my application, which is written in the Kohana PHP framework. The images are actually graphs. They are cached so they are only generated once, but the first time the user visits the page, and the images all have to be generated, about half of the images don't load in the browser. Once the page has been requested once and images are cached, they all load successfully. Doing some ad-hoc testing, if I load an individual image in the browser, it takes from 450-700 ms to load with an empty cache (I checked this using Google Chrome's resource tracking feature). For reference, it takes around 90-150 ms to load a cached image. Even if the image cache is empty, I have the data and some of the application's startup tasks cached, so that after the first request, none of that data needs to be fetched. My questions are: Why are the images failing to load? It seems like the browser just decides not to download the image after a certain point, rather than waiting for them all to finish loading. What can I do to get them to load the first time, with an empty cache? Obviously one option is to decrease the load times, and I could figure out how to do that by profiling the app, but are there other options? As I mentioned, the app is in the Kohana PHP framework, and it's running on Apache. As an aside, I've solved this problem for now by fetching the page as soon as the data is available (it comes from a batch process), so that the images are always cached by the time the user sees them. That feels like a kludgey solution to me, though, and I'm curious about what's actually going on.

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