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  • How much should a Systems Administrator be making?

    - by Curtis
    Hello, I'm a Sys Admin for a small (but successful and growing) company (~60 employees). I've got roughly 5-6 years of actual sys admin experience, plus another 5+ years of lower level work in the industry. I'm responsible for most everything above a helpdesk level in the company (server[windows]/network[cisco]/firewall/SAN[emc] setup/configuration/maintenance/troubleshooting), lead many projects, analyze system data -- I'm sure you've heard it all before...I have a bunch of certs, most are just "nice to have", but the ones that actually apply to my role are CCNA, MSCE, VCP (VMware). If things go wrong, I'm first in line to resolve the issue. I'm not management (no one reports to me). I've seen many of these sorts of questions online before, and I know the typical response is "too many variables, depends on location, industry type" etc etc. I'm just wondering (ballpark) what I should be looking for. I've tried to give as much detail as I can, but if I'm missing something, I'd be glad to post it. Thanks anyone.

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  • grep pattern interpretted differently in 2 different systems with same grep version

    - by Lance Woodson
    We manufacture a linux appliance for data centers, and all are running fedora installed from the same kickstart process. There are different hardware versions, some with IDE hard drives and some SCSI, so the filesystems may be at /dev/sdaN or /dev/hdaN. We have a web interface into these appliances that show disk usage, which is generated using "df | grep /dev/*da". This generally works for both hardware versions, giving an output like follows: /dev/sda2 5952284 3507816 2137228 63% / /dev/sda5 67670876 9128796 55049152 15% /data /dev/sda1 101086 11976 83891 13% /boot However, for one machine, we get the following result from that command: Binary file /dev/sda matches It seems that its grepping files matching /dev/*da for an unknown pattern for some reason, only on this box that is seemingly identical in grep version, packages, kernel, and hardware. I switched the grep pattern to be "/dev/.da" and everything works as expected on this troublesome box, but I hate not knowing why this is happening. Anyone have any ideas? Or perhaps some other tests to try?

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  • How to restore missing space in NTFS file systems

    - by jacobsee
    I have a 40 GB USB hard drive formatted with NTFS on a PC running Windows XP Pro, SP3. I am trying to free as much space as possible. Windows Explorer tells me that I have about 200 MB of files on the drive (showing hidden and system files). When I show drive properties however it shows 73% free, around 10 GB used. I ran CHKDSK and it found all kinds of problems. Now running defrag and it is behaving as if there were 10 GB of files, but I can't access them anywhere. How to find and remove this extra 10GB?

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  • Invalid domains in DNS don't work on mac/*nix like systems

    - by David Mulder
    At work we use domains like abc-01, which work fine on windows. Whilst developing mobile applications we already saw that this doesn't work on both iOS and android which we fixed for a few specific domains (by setting the dns up that abc-01.def.local also works in those) and was assumed to be caused by it being an invalid domain. Now however it's necessary to connect through VPN from a mac and changing all relevant domains is not an option at the moment (far too many of them and would require changing the settings of far too many applications), so I was hoping whether somebody knows a trick or setting to get this to work on mac (or even linux in general).

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  • Local links ( in browsers ) on *nix systems

    - by meder
    On Windows I can access files directly from the browser ( or at least I have it configured currently, forget if it was native like this ) with the file:// protocol, so I can access files from say the C drive. I'm wondering what the equivalent would be to accessing my files from the browser, if at all possible on a *nix system such as Debian.

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  • Problems sending SMTP email to large systems such as Gmail

    - by Martel
    I maintain a mail server. Recently messages sent to valid recipients on gmail, yahoo, and now roadrunner email addresses are bounced with similar messages: Here's one from gmail: The message, sent by [email protected], can not be delivered to following recipient(s): *recipient*@gmail.com There was a fatal SMTP error. Fatal DNS error: exchanger alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. does not exist Delivery History Follows: [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:21] Delivering item 5573 [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:21] Resolving MX records for domain gmail.com [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:21] Retrieved 5 MX records for domain gmail.com [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:21] Delivering mail to 1 recipient(s) at domain gmail.com using exchanger gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:33] Host gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. does not appear to exist... [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:33] Will try next exchanger [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:33] Delivering mail to 1 recipient(s) at domain gmail.com using exchanger alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:45] Host alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. does not appear to exist... [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:45] Will try next exchanger [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:45] Delivering mail to 1 recipient(s) at domain gmail.com using exchanger alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:57] Host alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. does not appear to exist... [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:57] Will try next exchanger [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:21:57] Delivering mail to 1 recipient(s) at domain gmail.com using exchanger alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:22:09] Host alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. does not appear to exist... [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:22:09] Will try next exchanger [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:22:09] Delivering mail to 1 recipient(s) at domain gmail.com using exchanger alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:22:21] Host alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. does not appear to exist... [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:22:21] Fatal error - host alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. does not exist. Will bounce... [DLVR 000020 19-12-12 14:22:21] Bouncing to sender using bounce address [email protected]... Sometimes these emails get through, other times not. I'm at a loss to explain it.

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  • How do developers verify that software requirement changes in one system do not violate a requirement of downstream software systems?

    - by Peter Smith
    In my work, I do requirements gathering, analysis and design of business solutions in addition to coding. There are multiple software systems and packages, and developers are expected to work on any of them, instead of being assigned to make changes to only 1 system or just a few systems. How developers ensure they have captured all of the necessary requirements and resolved any conflicting requirements? An example of this type of scenario: Bob the developer is asked to modify the problem ticket system for a hypothetical utility repair business. They contract with a local utility company to provide this service. The old system provides a mechanism for an external customer to create a ticket indicating a problem with utility service at a particular address. There is a scheduling system and an invoicing system that is dependent on this data. Bob's new project is to modify the ticket placement system to allow for multiple addresses to entered by a landlord or other end customer with multiple properties. The invoicing system bills per ticket, but should be modified to bill per address. What practices would help Bob discover that the invoicing system needs to be changed as well? How might Bob discover what other systems in his company might need to be changed in order to support the new changes\business model? Let's say there is a documented specification for each system involved, but there are many systems and Bob is not familiar with all of them. End of example. We're often in this scenario, and we do have design reviews but management places ultimate responsibility for any defects (business process or software process) on the developer who is doing the design and the work. Some organizations seem to be better at this than others. How do they manage to detect and solve conflicting or incomplete requirements across software systems? We currently have a lot of tribal knowledge and just a few developers who understand the entire business and software chain. This seems highly ineffective and leads to problems at the requirements level.

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  • IP telephony open source systems

    - by danke
    I'm trying to pick an IP telephony technology to learn. I heard of Asterisk, trixbox, freePBX, and my head was already spinning being not sure what to learn. Then I came across this article listing some more like Kamailio, Yate, CallWeaver, FreeSWITCH, SipXecs and now my head REALLY is spinning http://www.cio.com.au/article/323016/five_open_source_ip_telephony_projects_watch . Can someone give me a run down of how all these technologies tie together? What is the trend now, because I'd like to start learning. Note: Anyone please re-tag this question if you know better, because I'm new to this field and not sure about the best tags.

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  • Distributed file systems

    - by Neeraj
    I need to implement a distributed storage system for a set of nodes(devices) connected in a mesh network. So what basically my design goals are: The storage system should be capable of handling dynamic entry and exit of nodes. Replication (for fault tolerance). For this i am thinking of using a Distributed file system. Every node could access data in the other nodes in a transparent manner. Are there some simple, easily pluggable opensource implementations? Thanks for your thoughts!

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  • Checking the configuration of two systems to determine changes

    - by None
    We are standing up a replicant data center at work and need to ensure that the new data center is configured (nearly) identically to the original. The new data center will be differently addressed and named than the original and will have differing user accounts, but all the COTS, patches, and configurations should be the same. We would normally ghost the original servers and install those images onto the new machines, however, we have a few problematic pieces of COTS that require we install them outside of an image due to how they capture the setup of the network during their installation and maintain it within their configuration information (in some cases storing it in various databases). We have tried multiple times and this piece of COTS cannot be captured within a ghost image unless the destination machine will have an identical network setup (all the same IPs, hostnames, user accounts, etc across the entire network) as the original. In truth, it is the setup of these special COTS that I want to audit the most because they are difficult to install and configure in the first place. In light of the fact that we can’t simply ghost, I’m trying to find a reasonable manner to audit the new data center and check to see if it is setup like the original (some sort of system wide configuration audit or integrity check). I’m considering using something like Tripwire for Servers to capture the configuration on the source machines and then run an audit on the destination machines. I understand that it will still show some differences due to the minor config changes, but I’m hoping that it will eliminate the majority of the work. Here are some of the constraints I’m working under: Data center is comprised of multiple Windows and Linux machines of differing versions (about 20 total) I absolutely cannot ghost or snap any other type of image of these machines … at least not in their final configuration I want to audit the final configuration to ensure all of the COTS, patches, configurations, etc are installed and setup properly (as compared to the original data center) I would rather not install any additional tools on these machines … I’d much rather run it from a standalone machine or off a DVD Price of tools is important but not an impossible burden, however, getting a solution soon is important (I can’t take the time to roll my own tools to do this) For the COTS that stores the network information, I don’t know all of the places it stores the network information … so it would be unlikely I could find a way in the near future to adjust its setup after the installation has occurred Anyone have any thoughts or alternate approaches? Can anyone recommend tools that would be usable for system wide configuration audits?

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  • Configuration Deployment to Linux Systems

    - by William
    Hello, I'm looking for a nice way to add / remote ips (and possibly interact with an asset inventory system to track where ips are), start / stop processes, download logs, and all around genearal system admin duties from one place. It's okay if I require more than 1 program. That would still be better than having 50 million terminals open and trying to trace ip assignments etc on whiteboards. I'd also like to know if anyone knows any good asset management programs. Best Regards, William

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  • Arp tries on various *nix based systems.

    - by salparadise
    Does anyone know what determines the amount of arp tries a router will make? I have different behaviors with two devices, if I try to traceroute to a non-existent host on a subnet that belongs to an interface on the router, a Linux box will try to arp 3 times and then return a host un-reacheable icmp message. Junos will continuosly try to arp and not return anything. Is there a sysctl value that determines this or anything at all.

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  • Office jukebox systems

    - by jonayoung
    We're looking for a good office jukebox solution where staff can select songs via a web interface to be played over the central set of speakers. Must haves: Web Interface RSS / easy to scrap display of currently playing songs Ability to play mp3s and manage an ordered playlist. Good cataloguing of media. Multiple OSs supported as clients - Windows, Mac, Fedora Linux (will probably be accomplished by virtue of a web interface). We have tried XBMC which worked well as a proof of concept however the web interface is just too immature and has too many bugs for a reliable multi-user solution. I believe the same will be true of boxee. Nice to have: Ability to play music videos onto a monitor Ability to listen to radio streams specifically Shoutcast and the BBC. Ability to run on Linux is a nice to have but windows solutions which worked well would certainly be considered. I am aware of question 61404 and don't believe this to be a duplicate due to the specific requirements.

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  • NetInstall working on some systems, not working on others

    - by cduruk
    Hi, I'm having an issue where my NetInstall setup works on some computers and fails on others. I am not able to diagnose the issue. I created an image of a Mac Mini and then created a NetRestore image using the System Image Utility found on Snow Leopard Server. NetBoot and NFS all seem to be working fine on the server, which is an XServe. Then I select the NetInstall image from the Startup Disk on a machine. On some of the machines, the process works as expected. On some of them, I see the globe icon blink a few times and then the system boots to the regular hard drive. I have captured the tracedump and the system.log logs from the server on both cases where NetInstall seems to work and fail. Here is the link that has all the logs http://gist.github.com/232232 The gist of the failure seems to be from the lack of BSDP DISCOVER in the failure but I'm not able to identify why that exactly is happening. I'd really appreciate any help on this issue.

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  • Compatiblity of 64 bit systems

    - by Bill
    I am running Windows Vista home premium 32bit on an Intel core2 duo E7300,which I believe is actually a processor capable of running 64bit.I also run Adobe photoshop CS5 which i believe could utilise the 64 bit processor and more ram.Could I change my operating system to 64bit and would I gain anything from doing so.

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  • Time Machine (archive) of pre-Leopard systems?

    - by benc
    I want to get off an older Mac OS X system permanently. It is an iBook G3, so that has two important characteristics: Power PC, not Intel based. Runs only Tiger, not Leopard. This means, as far as I can tell: Cannot run Time Machine directly. Here's the approach I have been contemplating: Mount the drive in Firewire mode. Back up the drive as a external drive to the Time Machine volume. Disconnect the drive (permanently). However, I'm concerned that this drive will eventually age out, when the Time Machine volume fills up, and the old-system-as-external-drive is gone. Would it be better to do a single backup with another utility, to shared disk?

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  • rhel configure: limit root direct login to systems except through system consoles

    - by zhaojing
    I have to configure to limit root direct access except system consoles. That is, the ways of telnet, ftp, SSH are all prohibited. Root can only login through console. I understand that will require me to configure the file /etc/securetty. I have to comment all the tty, just keep "console" in /etc/securetty. But from google, I found many peoples said that configure /etc/securetty will not limit the way of SSH login. From my experiment, I found it is. (configure /etc/securetty won't limit SSH login). And I add one line in /etc/pam.d/system-auth: auth required pam_securetty It seems root SSH login can be prohibited. But I can't find the reason: What is the difference of configure pam_securetty and /etc/securetty? Can anyone help me with this? Only configure /etc/securetty could work? Or Have I to configure pam_securetty at the same time? Thanks a lot!

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  • Which Version Control Systems support LDAP/AD users and groups

    - by Jason Irwin
    Does anyone know which of the big players (if any) support LDAP/AD users and groups for authentication AND database permissions? Specifically, I'm wondering if SVN, GIT, Mercurial etc. will allow users to login/connect based on AD permissions and also allow granular permissions to be applied to folders within the VC database based on groups within AD. So far my research has not shown this to be possible....

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  • Non-embedded font with different name across operating systems when printing HTML to PDF

    - by sennett
    I create a document using HTML markup. I want to use Palatino, which is called Palatino on Windows and Palatino Linotype on Mac, so I specify my CSS accordingly: font-family: Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;. I then print to a PDF using PrimoPDF under Windows. It all looks good when viewed in Windows. But I want this PDF to look the same on a Mac, and the resulting file size (94KB) would suggest that the font (size 460KB) is not getting embedded by Primo, perhaps because it is a native font. How will this look? Will the PDF file format resolve this, or will the format of my PDF be wang when viewed under OSX? Please note that I do not want to embed the font. I used a web-safe font to avoid this need, and it just so happens that the one I picked does not have the same name in OSX as in Windows.

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  • How do you gracefully upgrade mission critical systems to wildly disparate systems?

    - by Ernie
    In the span of the 12+ years of my career, I have yet to overcome this hurdle and I suspect the answer simply isn't easy or even possible, so I ask everyone here for their experience. Say that you're running into egregious problems that can only be fixed by moving from one platform to another - either from making a mistake in choosing the platform that was chosen years ago, or simply growing beyond what the system was originally designed for. You know for certain that the cruft that has built up over time will invariably mean that it will be nearly impossible to test for all the things that will certainly lead to tech support hell - which we all know leads to the loss of customers. Not that customers aren't already complaining about the egregious problems that already exist! The best possible way that I've discovered so far is to maybe devise a plan for the changeover, test it on a few clients, test it on a dozen clients, test it on a hundred clients, then finally finish the changeover for everyone and pray that you've worked out all the bugs with those first hundred and twenty, and that the animal by-products will not hit the ventilation system in the most spectacular fashion possible. However, that doesn't mean that it won't anyway. So say that you're moving from Exchange to Exim (or even just Sendmail to Exim). How do you handle it?

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  • Disk monitor script with long file systems

    - by DD.
    $ df -H Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_app001-lv_root 34G 12G 21G 35% / tmpfs 8.4G 0 8.4G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 508M 54M 429M 12% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_app001-lv_home 19G 309M 17G 2% /home I want to run a disk monitor script but because the filesystem is so long the row has been split into two lines and the script fails. Any suggestions?

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  • Articles of x386 and later CPU based systems

    - by user32569
    Hi there. I know this is hard question, and possibly not to be answered here, but if there is some article, or more you know about, please post a link. About books, its sad but many great computer books cannot be bought in my country. So, you can find many articles online, which says how memory was mapped back in pre x386 CPU. How there was explicit holes ready for MMIO BIOS, Video BIOS, etc. How there was A20 line for allowing higher memory access etc. Problem is, time changed. Today BIOSes are many times larger, and pure x86 16bit mode is used for booting and ROM flashing only. OS ignore BIOS as they access everything using drivers. And I just want to know, how it works today. I know not so specific question, but I read OS dev wiki, many articles, but all refering to days before massive usage of pure 32bit CPUs.

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