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  • Computing "average" of two colors

    - by Francisco P.
    This is only marginally programming related - has much more to do w/ colors and their representation. I am working on a very low level app. I have an array of bytes in memory. Those are characters. They were rendered with anti-aliasing: they have values from 0 to 255, 0 being fully transparent and 255 totally opaque (alpha, if you wish). I am having trouble conceiving an algorithm for the rendering of this font. I'm doing the following for each pixel: // intensity is the weight I talked about: 0 to 255 intensity = glyphs[text[i]][x + GLYPH_WIDTH*y]; if (intensity == 255) continue; // Don't draw it, fully transparent else if (intensity == 0) setPixel(x + xi, y + yi, color, base); // Fully opaque, can draw original color else { // Here's the tricky part // Get the pixel in the destination for averaging purposes pixel = getPixel(x + xi, y + yi, base); // transfer is an int for calculations transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.red + (float) pixel.red)/2); // This is my attempt at averaging newPixel.red = (Byte) transfer; transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.green + (float) pixel.green)/2); newPixel.green = (Byte) transfer; // transfer = (int) ((float) ((float) 255.0 - (float) intensity)/255.0 * (((float) color.blue) + (float) pixel.blue)/2); transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.blue + (float) pixel.blue)/2); newPixel.blue = (Byte) transfer; // Set the newpixel in the desired mem. position setPixel(x+xi, y+yi, newPixel, base); } The results, as you can see, are less than desirable. That is a very zoomed in image, at 1:1 scale it looks like the text has a green "aura". Any idea for how to properly compute this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time!

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  • Weird behaviour with vector::erase and std::remove_if with end range different from vector.end()

    - by Edison Gustavo Muenz
    Hi, I need to remove elements from the middle of a std::vector. So I tried: struct IsEven { bool operator()(int ele) { return ele % 2 == 0; } }; int elements[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; std::vector<int> ints(elements, elements+6); std::vector<int>::iterator it = std::remove_if(ints.begin() + 2, ints.begin() + 4, IsEven()); ints.erase(it, ints.end()); After this I would expect that the ints vector have: [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]. In the debugger of Visual studio 2008, after the std::remove_if line, the elements of ints are modified, I'm guessing I'm into some sort of undefined behaviour here. So, how do I remove elements from a Range of a vector?

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  • How is this algorithm, for finding maximum path on a Directed Acyclical Graph, called?

    - by Martín Fixman
    Since some time, I'm using an algorithm that runs in complexity O(V + E) for finding maximum path on a Directed Acyclical Graph from point A to point B, that consists on doing a flood fill to find what nodes are accessible from note A, and how many "parents" (edges that come from other nodes) each node has. Then, I do a BFS but only "activating" a node when I already had used all its "parents". queue <int> a int paths[] ; //Number of paths that go to note i int edge[][] ; //Edges of a int mpath[] ; //max path from 0 to i (without counting the weight of i) int weight[] ; //weight of each node mpath[0] = 0 a.push(0) while not empty(a) for i in edge[a] paths[i] += 1 a.push(i) while not empty(a) for i in children[a] mpath[i] = max(mpath[i], mpath[a] + weight[a]) ; paths[i] -= 1 ; if path[i] = 0 a.push(i) ; Is there any special name for this algorithm? I told it to an Informatics professor, he just called it "Maximum Path on a DAG", but it doesn't sound good when you say "I solved the first problem with a Fenwick Tree, the second with Dijkstra, and the third with Maximum Path".

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  • c# Resize Function

    - by Tyler
    So my logic is flawed and I need a better and correct way to resize an image in my c# app I need a function similar to this setup public void ResizeImageForWeb(string OriginalFile, string NewFile, int MaxWidth, int MaxHeight, int Quality) { // Resize Code } Basically, I'm a web designer lost trying to programming a desktop app.

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  • C++ interpreter conceptual problem

    - by Jan Wilkins
    I've built an interpreter in C++ for a language created by me. One main problem in the design was that I had two different types in the language: number and string. So I have to pass around a struct like: class myInterpreterValue { myInterpreterType type; int intValue; string strValue; } Objects of this class are passed around million times a second during e.g.: a countdown loop in my language. Profiling pointed out: 85% of the performance is eaten by the allocation function of the string template. This is pretty clear to me: My interpreter has bad design and doesn't use pointers enough. Yet, I don't have an option: I can't use pointers in most cases as I just have to make copies. How to do something against this? Is a class like this a better idea? vector<string> strTable; vector<int> intTable; class myInterpreterValue { myInterpreterType type; int locationInTable; } So the class only knows what type it represents and the position in the table This however again has disadvantages: I'd have to add temporary values to the string/int vector table and then remove them again, this would eat a lot of performance again. Help, how do interpreters of languages like Python or Ruby do that? They somehow need a struct that represents a value in the language like something that can either be int or string.

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  • Why can't I reclaim my dynamically allocated memory using the "delete" keyword?

    - by synaptik
    I have the following class: class Patient { public: Patient(int x); ~Patient(); private: int* RP; }; Patient::Patient(int x) { RP = new int [x]; } Patient::~Patient() { delete [] RP; } I create an instance of this class on the stack as follows: void f() { Patient p(10); } Now, when f() returns, I get a "double free or corruption" error, which signals to me that something is attempted to be deleted more than once. But I don't understand why that would be so. The space for the array is created on the heap, and just because the function from inside which the space was allocated returns, I wouldn't expect the space to be reclaimed. I thought that if I allocate space on the heap (using the new keyword), then the only way to reclaim that space is to use the delete keyword. Help! :)

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  • Output Parameter Not Returned

    - by Mark Plumpton
    Why does this script return a pair of nulls? I'm using SQL Server 2008, script run in MSSMS. CREATE PROCEDURE proc_Test ( @Input int, @Out1 int OUTPUT, @Out2 varchar(10) OUTPUT ) AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT OFF SET @Out1 = 100 + @Input SET @Out2 = 'result=' + CONVERT(varchar,@Out1) RETURN END GO DECLARE @Out1 int, @Out2 varchar(10) exec proc_Test @Input=1, @Out1=@Out1, @Out2=@Out2 select @Out1, @Out2

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  • C++ ofstream cannot write to file....

    - by user69514
    Hey I am trying to write some numbers to a file, but when I open the file it is empty. Can you help me out here? Thanks. /** main function **/ int main(){ /** variables **/ RandGen* random_generator = new RandGen; int random_numbers; string file_name; /** ask user for quantity of random number to produce **/ cout << "How many random number would you like to create?" << endl; cin >> random_numbers; /** ask user for the name of the file to store the numbers **/ cout << "Enter name of file to store random number" << endl; cin >> file_name; /** now create array to store the number **/ int random_array [random_numbers]; /** file the array with random integers **/ for(int i=0; i<random_numbers; i++){ random_array[i] = random_generator -> randInt(-20, 20); cout << random_array[i] << endl; } /** open file and write contents of random array **/ const char* file = file_name.c_str(); ofstream File(file); /** write contents to the file **/ for(int i=0; i<random_numbers; i++){ File << random_array[i] << endl; } /** close the file **/ File.close(); return 0; /** END OF PROGRAM **/ }

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  • How to set header font style as bold for the header of the table in a pdf file, in jsf

    - by Radhika
    Hi I have used PdfPTable to convert table data into a pdf file using com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfPTable. Table is displaying, but table data and the header are in same style. To make difference i have to set the header font style to bold. can anybody help me out in this, I have attached my code here.. Thanks in advance import java.awt.Color; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.faces.model.ListDataModel; import com.mypackage.core.filter.domainobject.FilterResultDO; import com.itextpdf.text.Font; import com.itextpdf.text.FontFactory; import com.itextpdf.text.Phrase; import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfPTable; public class PDFGenerator { //This method will generate PDF for Filter Result Screen (only DataTable level) @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static PdfPTable generatePDF(PdfPTable table,List filterResultDOList ,List filterResultHeaderList ) { //Initialize the table with number of columns required for the Datatable header int numberOfFilterLabelCols = filterResultHeaderList.size(); //PDF Table Frame table = new PdfPTable(numberOfFilterLabelCols); //Getting Filter Detail Table Heading for(int i = 0 ; i < numberOfFilterLabelCols; i++) { ColumnHeader commandHeaderObj = filterResultHeaderList.get(i); table.addCell(commandHeaderObj.getLabel()); } //Getting Filter Detail Data (Rows X Cols) FilterResultDO filterResultDOObj = filterResultDOList.get(0); List filterResultDataList = filterResultDOObj.getFilterResultLst(); int numberOfFilterDataRows = filterResultDataList.size(); //each row iteration for(int row = 0; row < numberOfFilterDataRows; row++) { List filterResultCols = filterResultDataList.get(row); int numberOfFilterDataCols = filterResultCols.size(); //columns iteration of each row for(int col = 0; col < numberOfFilterDataCols ; col++) { String filterColumnsValues = (String) filterResultCols.get(col); table.addCell(filterColumnsValues); } } return table; }//generatePDF }

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  • Is it bad to have multiple return statements?

    - by scot
    Hi, I have a code somethg like below: int method(string a ,int b , int c){ if(cond1) return -1; if(cond2 || cond3) return 3; if(cond1 && cond2) return 0; else return -999; } Does it perform badly when compared to having multiple if else and have single return?

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  • getting number from console!

    - by Johanna
    Hi this is my method that will be called if I want to get a number from user. but if the user also enter a right number just the "else" part will be run ,why? please help me tahnsk. public static int chooseTheTypeOfSorting() { System.out.println("Enter 0 for merge sorting OR enter 1 for bubble sorting"); int numberFromConsole = 0; try { InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr); String s = br.readLine(); DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat(); Number n = df.parse(s); numberFromConsole = n.intValue(); } catch (ParseException ex) { Logger.getLogger(DoublyLinkedList.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(DoublyLinkedList.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } return numberFromConsole; } and in my main method: public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 0; i = getRandomNumber(10, 10000); int p = chooseTheTypeOfSorting(); DoublyLinkedList list = new DoublyLinkedList(); for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { list.add(j, getRandomNumber(10, 10000)); if (p == 0) { //do something.... } if (p == 1) { //do something..... } else { System.out.println("write the correct number "); chooseTheTypeOfSorting(); }

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  • Custom Expression in Linq-to-Sql Designer

    - by csharpnoob
    According to Microsoft: http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/system.data.linq.mapping.columnattribute.expression.aspx It's possible to add expression to the Linq-to-SQL Mapping. But how to configure or add them in Visual Studio in the Designer? Problem, when I add it manual to thex XYZ.designer.cs it on change it will be lost. //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // <auto-generated> // This code was generated by a tool. // Runtime Version:2.0.50727.4927 // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // </auto-generated> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This is generated: [Column(Name="id", Storage="_id", DbType="Int")] public System.Nullable<int> id { ... But i need something like this [Column(Name="id", Storage="_id", DbType="Int", Expression="Max(id)")] public System.Nullable<int> id { ... Thanks.

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  • is my function correct?

    - by sbsp
    This is part of an assignment so please dont post solutions, just point me in the right direction if possible? I am passing a pointer to a char array to my method, as well as a value for the actual height of the char array. I am looping through to see if all values are 0, if they are then return 0, esle return one The method is used as a test to see if i should free memory or not and set the pointer to null if it is full of 0's. The issue i am having is that the programme should have "some unfree" memory at the end, so i have no idea whether or not its doing it correctly - and gdb i struggle with immensley. Thanks for reading int shouldBeNull(char *charPointer, int sizeOfCharArray) { int isIn = 0; int i = 0; while(i < sizeOfCharArray){ if(*charPointer != '0'){ isIn = 1; break; } i++; charPointer++; } return isIn; }

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  • Alpha blending colors in .NET Compact Framwork 2.0

    - by Adam Haile
    In the Full .NET framework you can use the Color.FromArgb() method to create a new color with alpha blending, like this: Color blended = Color.FromArgb(alpha, color); or Color blended = Color.FromArgb(alpha, red, green , blue); However in the Compact Framework (2.0 specifically), neither of those prototypes are valid, you only get: Color.FromArgb(int red, int green, int blue); and Color.FromArgb(int val); The first one, obviously, doesn't even let you enter an alpha value, but the documentation for the latter shows that "val" is a 32bit ARGB value (as 0xAARRGGBB as opposed to the standard 24bit 0xRRGGBB), so it would make sense that you could just build the ARGB value and pass it to the function. I tried this with the following: private Color FromARGB(byte alpha, byte red, byte green, byte blue) { int val = (alpha << 24) | (red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue; return Color.FromArgb(val); } But no matter what I do, the alpha blending never works, the resulting color always as full opacity, even when setting the alpha value to 0. Has anyone gotten this to work on Compact Framework?

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  • unable to capture picture using camera in j2me polish?

    - by SIVAKUMAR.J
    I'm, developing a mobile app in j2me.Now im converting it into j2me polish. In my app I capture a picture using camera in mobile phone. It works fine in j2me. But it does not work fine in j2me polish. I cannot resolve it. The code snippet given below public class VideoCanvas extends Canvas { // private VideoMIDlet midlet; // Form frm Form frm=null; public VideoCanvas(VideoControl videoControl) { int width = getWidth(); int height = getHeight(); // this.midlet = midlet; //videoControl.initDisplayMode(VideoControl.USE_DIRECT_VIDEO, this); //Canvas canvas = StyleSheet.currentScreen; //canvas = MasterCanvas.instance; videoControl.initDisplayMode( VideoControl.USE_DIRECT_VIDEO,this); try { videoControl.setDisplayLocation(2, 2); videoControl.setDisplaySize(width - 4, height - 4); } catch (MediaException me) {} videoControl.setVisible(true); } public VideoCanvas(VideoControl videoControl,Form ff) { frm=ff; int width = getWidth(); int height = getHeight(); // this.midlet = midlet; Ticker ticker=new Ticker("B4 video controll init"); frm.setTicker(ticker); //Canvas canvas = StyleSheet.currentScreen; videoControl.initDisplayMode(VideoControl.USE_DIRECT_VIDEO,this); ticker=new Ticker("after video controll init"); frm.setTicker(ticker); try { videoControl.setDisplayLocation(2, 2); videoControl.setDisplaySize(width - 4, height - 4); } catch (MediaException me) {} videoControl.setVisible(true); ticker=new Ticker("Device not supported"); frm.setTicker(ticker); } public void paint(Graphics g) { int width = getWidth(); int height = getHeight(); g.setColor(0x00ff00); g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1); g.drawRect(1, 1, width - 3, height - 3); } } In normal j2me the above code works correctly. But in j2me polish videoControl.initDisplayMode(VideoControl.USE_DIRECT_VIDEO,this) here this refers to VideoCanvas (which extends from javax.microedition.lcdui.Canvas). But it throws an "IllegalArgumentException - container should be canvas" like that. How to solve the issue?

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  • Regarding Debugging in Xcode

    - by user185590
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface ClassA : NSObject { int x; } -(void) initVar; @end @implementation ClassA -(void) initVar { x = 100; } @end @interface ClassB : ClassA { int y; } -(void) initVar; -(void) printVar; @end @implementation ClassB -(void) initVar { x = 200; y = 300; } - (void) printVar { NSLog(@"x= %i", x ); NSLog(@"y= %i", y); } @end int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; ClassB * b = [[ClassB alloc] init]; [b initVar]; [b printVar]; [b release]; [pool drain]; return 0; }

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  • Using MySQL to generate daily sales reports with filled gaps, grouped by currency

    - by Shane O'Grady
    I'm trying to create what I think is a relatively basic report for an online store, using MySQL 5.1.45 The store can receive payment in multiple currencies. I have created some sample tables with data and am trying to generate a straightforward tabular result set grouped by date and currency so that I can graph these figures. I want to see each currency that is available per date, with a 0 in the result if there were no sales in that currency for that day. If I can get that to work I want to do the same but also grouped by product id. In the sample data I have provided there are only 3 currencies and 2 product ids, but in practice there can be any number of each. I can correctly group by date, but then when I add a grouping by currency my query does not return what I want. I based my work off this article. My reporting query, grouped only by date: SELECT calendar.datefield AS date, IFNULL(SUM(orders.order_value),0) AS total_value FROM orders RIGHT JOIN calendar ON (DATE(orders.order_date) = calendar.datefield) WHERE (calendar.datefield BETWEEN (SELECT MIN(DATE(order_date)) FROM orders) AND (SELECT MAX(DATE(order_date)) FROM orders)) GROUP BY date Now grouped by date and currency: SELECT calendar.datefield AS date, orders.currency_id, IFNULL(SUM(orders.order_value),0) AS total_value FROM orders RIGHT JOIN calendar ON (DATE(orders.order_date) = calendar.datefield) WHERE (calendar.datefield BETWEEN (SELECT MIN(DATE(order_date)) FROM orders) AND (SELECT MAX(DATE(order_date)) FROM orders)) GROUP BY date, orders.currency_id The results I am getting (grouped by date and currency): +------------+-------------+-------------+ | date | currency_id | total_value | +------------+-------------+-------------+ | 2009-08-15 | 3 | 81.94 | | 2009-08-15 | 45 | 25.00 | | 2009-08-15 | 49 | 122.60 | | 2009-08-16 | NULL | 0.00 | | 2009-08-17 | 45 | 25.00 | | 2009-08-17 | 49 | 122.60 | | 2009-08-18 | 3 | 81.94 | | 2009-08-18 | 49 | 245.20 | +------------+-------------+-------------+ The results I want: +------------+-------------+-------------+ | date | currency_id | total_value | +------------+-------------+-------------+ | 2009-08-15 | 3 | 81.94 | | 2009-08-15 | 45 | 25.00 | | 2009-08-15 | 49 | 122.60 | | 2009-08-16 | 3 | 0.00 | | 2009-08-16 | 45 | 0.00 | | 2009-08-16 | 49 | 0.00 | | 2009-08-17 | 3 | 0.00 | | 2009-08-17 | 45 | 25.00 | | 2009-08-17 | 49 | 122.60 | | 2009-08-18 | 3 | 81.94 | | 2009-08-18 | 45 | 0.00 | | 2009-08-18 | 49 | 245.20 | +------------+-------------+-------------+ The schema and data I am using in my tests: CREATE TABLE orders ( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, order_date DATETIME, order_id INT, product_id INT, currency_id INT, order_value DECIMAL(9,2), customer_id INT ); INSERT INTO orders (order_date, order_id, product_id, currency_id, order_value, customer_id) VALUES ('2009-08-15 10:20:20', '123', '1', '45', '12.50', '322'), ('2009-08-15 12:30:20', '124', '1', '49', '122.60', '400'), ('2009-08-15 13:41:20', '125', '1', '3', '40.97', '324'), ('2009-08-15 10:20:20', '126', '2', '45', '12.50', '345'), ('2009-08-15 13:41:20', '131', '2', '3', '40.97', '756'), ('2009-08-17 10:20:20', '3234', '1', '45', '12.50', '1322'), ('2009-08-17 10:20:20', '4642', '2', '45', '12.50', '1345'), ('2009-08-17 12:30:20', '23', '2', '49', '122.60', '3142'), ('2009-08-18 12:30:20', '2131', '1', '49', '122.60', '4700'), ('2009-08-18 13:41:20', '4568', '1', '3', '40.97', '3274'), ('2009-08-18 12:30:20', '956', '2', '49', '122.60', '3542'), ('2009-08-18 13:41:20', '443', '2', '3', '40.97', '7556'); CREATE TABLE currency ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255) ); INSERT INTO currency (id, name) VALUES (3, 'Euro'), (45, 'US Dollar'), (49, 'CA Dollar'); CREATE TABLE calendar (datefield DATE); DELIMITER | CREATE PROCEDURE fill_calendar(start_date DATE, end_date DATE) BEGIN DECLARE crt_date DATE; SET crt_date=start_date; WHILE crt_date < end_date DO INSERT INTO calendar VALUES(crt_date); SET crt_date = ADDDATE(crt_date, INTERVAL 1 DAY); END WHILE; END | DELIMITER ; CALL fill_calendar('2008-01-01', '2011-12-31');

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  • Ctor not allowed return type.

    - by atch
    Having code: struct B { int* a; B(int value):a(new int(value)) { } B():a(nullptr){} B(const B&); } B::B(const B& pattern) { } I'm getting err msg: 'Error 1 error C2533: 'B::{ctor}' : constructors not allowed a return type' Any idea why? P.S. I'm using VS 2010RC

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  • C# creating a Class, having objects as member variables? I think the objects are garbage collecte

    - by Bryan
    So I have a class that has the following member variables. I have get and set functions for every piece of data in this class. public class NavigationMesh { public Vector3 node; int weight; bool isWall; bool hasTreasure; public NavigationMesh(int x, int y, int z, bool setWall, bool setTreasure) { //default constructor //Console.WriteLine(x + " " + y + " " + z); node = new Vector3(x, y, z); //Console.WriteLine(node.X + " " + node.Y + " " + node.Z); isWall = setWall; hasTreasure = setTreasure; weight = 1; }// end constructor public float getX() { Console.WriteLine(node.X); return node.X; } public float getY() { Console.WriteLine(node.Y); return node.Y; } public float getZ() { Console.WriteLine(node.Z); return node.Z; } public bool getWall() { return isWall; } public void setWall(bool item) { isWall = item; } public bool getTreasure() { return hasTreasure; } public void setTreasure(bool item) { hasTreasure = item; } public int getWeight() { return weight; } }// end class In another class, I have a 2-Dim array that looks like this NavigationMesh[,] mesh; mesh = new NavigationMesh[502,502]; I use a double for loop to assign this, my problem is I cannot get the data I need out of the Vector3 node object after I create this object in my array with my "getters". I've tried making the Vector3 a static variable, however I think it refers to the last instance of the object. How do I keep all of these object in memory? I think there being garbage collected. Any thoughts?

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  • Indent or comment several text lines with VI

    - by Werner
    Hi, can vim or vim be used to comment or indent at the same time a number of lines? For instance: for item in Lista: ind = int(floor(1.0*(item-lmin)/width)) if ind==nintervals: ind=ind-1 print item,ind comment it to: #for item in Lista: #ind = int(floor(1.0*(item-lmin)/width)) #if ind==nintervals: #ind=ind-1 #print item,ind or indent it to: for item in Lista: ind = int(floor(1.0*(item-lmin)/width)) if ind==nintervals: ind=ind-1 print item,ind Thanks P.D. Is relevant the difference between VI and VIM?

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  • how to add a function to that program, and call that function from the command line in the function

    - by user336291
    a#include "smallsh.h" /*include file for example*/ /*program buffers and work pointers*/ static char inpbuf[MAXBUF], tokbuf[2*MAXBUF], *ptr = inpbuf, *tok = tokbuf; userin(p) /*print prompt and read a line*/ char *p; { int c, count; /*initialization for later routines*/ ptr = inpbuf; tok = tokbuf; /*display prompt*/ printf("%s ",p); for(count = 0;;) { if((c = getchar()) == EOF) return(EOF); if(count<MAXBUF) inpbuf[count++] = c; if(c == '\n' && count <MAXBUF) { inpbuf[count] = '\0'; return(count); } /*if line too long restart*/ if(c == '\n') { printf("smallsh:input line too long\n"); count = 0; printf("%s",p); } } } gettok(outptr) /*get token and place into tokbuf*/ char **outptr; { int type; *outptr = tok; /*strip white space*/ for(;*ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t'; ptr++) ; *tok++ = *ptr; switch(*ptr++) { case '\n': type = EOL; break; case '&': type = AMPERSAND; break; case ';': type = SEMICOLON; break; case '#': type = POUND; break; default: type = ARG; while(inarg(*ptr)) *tok++ = *ptr++; } *tok++ = '\0'; return(type); } static char special[]= {' ', '\t', '&', ':', '\n', '\0'}; inarg(c) /*are we in an ordinary argument*/ char c; { char *wrk; for(wrk = special;*wrk != '\0';wrk++) if(c == *wrk) return(0); return(1); } #include "smallsh.h" procline() /*process input line*/ { char *arg[MAXARG+1]; /*pointer array for runcommand*/ int toktype; /*type of token in command*/ int narg; /*number of arguments so far*/ int type; /*FOREGROUND or BACKGROUND*/ for(narg = 0;;) { /*loop FOREVER*/ /*take action according to token type*/ switch(toktype = gettok(&arg[narg])) { case ARG: if(narg<MAXARG) narg++; break; case EOL: case SEMICOLON: case AMPERSAND: case POUND: type = (toktype == AMPERSAND) ? BACKGROUND : FOREGROUND; if(narg!=0) { arg[narg] = NULL; runcommand(arg, type); } if((toktype == EOL)||(toktype=POUND)) return; narg = 0; break; } } } #include "smallsh.h" /*execute a command with optional wait*/ runcommand(cline,where) char **cline; int where; { int pid, exitstat, ret; if((pid = fork()) <0) { perror("smallsh"); return(-1); } if(pid == 0) { /*child*/ execvp(*cline, cline); perror(*cline); exit(127); } /*code for parent*/ /*if background process print pid and exit*/ if(where == BACKGROUND) { printf("[Process id %d]\n", pid); return(0); } /*wait until process pid exists*/ while( (ret=wait(&exitstat)) != pid && ret != -1) ; return(ret == -1 ? -1 : exitstat); } #include "smallsh.h" char *prompt = "Command>"; /*prompt*/ main() { while(userin(prompt) != EOF) procline(); }

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  • "Initializing" the pointer in the separate function in C

    - by pechenie
    I need to do a simple thing, which I used to do many times in Java, but I'm stuck in C (pure C, not C++). The situation looks like this: int *a; void initArray( int *arr ) { arr = malloc( sizeof( int ) * SIZE ); } int main() { initArray( a ); // a is NULL here! what to do?! return 0; } I have some "initializing" function, which SHOULD assign a given pointer to some allocated data (doesn't matter). How should I give a pointer to a function in order to this pointer will be modified, and then can be used further in the code (after that function call returns)? Thanx for help.

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  • c++ multithread

    - by chnet
    I use c++ to implement a thread class. The code is in the following. I initialize two objects, wish it will start two threads (I use pthread_self() to look the thread Id). But the result shows that there is only one thread beside the main thread. I am a bit confused... class Thread { public: int mask; pthread_t thread; Thread( int ); void start(); static void * EntryPoint (void *); void Run(); }; Thread::Thread( int a) { mask =a; } void Thread::Run() { cout<<"thread begin to run" <<endl; cout <<" Thread Id is: "<< pthread_self() << endl; // the same thread Id. } void * Thread::EntryPoint(void * pthis) { cout << "entry" <<endl; Thread *pt = (Thread *) pthis; pt->Run(); } void Thread::start() { pthread_create(&thread, NULL, EntryPoint, (void *)ThreadId ); pthread_join(thread, NULL); } int main() { int input_array[8]={3,1,2,5,6,8,7,4}; Thread t1(1); Thread t2(2); t1.start(); t2.start() }

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  • c++ multithread

    - by chnet
    I use C++ to implement a thread class. My code shows in the following. I have a problem about how to access thread data. In the class Thread, I create a thread use pthread_create() function. then it calls EntryPoint() function to start thread created. In the Run function, I want to access the mask variable, it always shows segment fault. So, my question is whether the new created thread copy the data in original class? How to access the thread own data? class Thread { public: int mask; pthread_t thread; Thread( int ); void start(); static void * EntryPoint (void *); void Run(); }; Thread::Thread( int a) { mask =a; } void Thread::Run() { cout<<"thread begin to run" <<endl; cout << mask <<endl; // it always show segmentfault here } void * Thread::EntryPoint(void * pthis) { cout << "entry" <<endl; Thread *pt = (Thread *) pthis; pt->Run(); } void Thread::start() { pthread_create(&thread, NULL, EntryPoint, (void *)ThreadId ); pthread_join(thread, NULL); } int main() { int input_array[8]={3,1,2,5,6,8,7,4}; Thread t1(1); t1.start(); }

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  • Wrappers of primitive types in arraylist vs arrays

    - by ismail marmoush
    Hi, In "Core java 1" I've read CAUTION: An ArrayList is far less efficient than an int[] array because each value is separately wrapped inside an object. You would only want to use this construct for small collections when programmer convenience is more important than efficiency. But in my software I've already used Arraylist instead of normal arrays due to some requirements, though "The software is supposed to have high performance and after I've read the quoted text I started to panic!" one thing I can change is changing double variables to Double so as to prevent auto boxing and I don't know if that is worth it or not, in next sample algorithm public void multiply(final double val) { final int rows = getSize1(); final int cols = getSize2(); for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) { this.get(i).set(j, this.get(i).get(j) * val); } } } My question is does changing double to Double makes a difference ? or that's a micro optimizing that won't affect anything ? keep in mind I might be using large matrices.2nd Should I consider redesigning the whole program again ?

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